BITUMINOUS ROAD WORK PROCEDURE - TRIMIX, WBM,

CONCRETE - TEST, CHECKLIST, TYPES

INTRODUCTION

 Roads, light, drainage and water are the basics in the development
of any land. In building construction, roads are constructed for
large projects. When developing land for a township or for a
number of buildings, proper planningand execution of internal
roads becomes the salient features of the project.

 The clients insist on the construction of quality road ways as a

permanent structure of the project. An engineer working on the
building project should not neglect the importance of this activity.
He should be aware of the specifications, execution procedures and
the maintenance of the road.

 In this chapter, we will discuss planning, designing and

construction of internal roads, with checklists to maintain the
quality work.
PRELIMINARY REQUIREMENTS BEFORE EXECUTION

(1) DRAWINGS

 v Contour survey plan of the complete plot.


 v Trial pit section, showing variation and thickness of strata.

 v Approved layout for roads.

 v Categories of road, vith width and type of road.

 v Complete 'L' section of all internal roads to work out the
quantities of excavation and filling.

 v Details of system for surface drain off.
 
 v Slopes and turning radius at various points.

(2) AVAILABILITY OF MATERIAL AND LABOUR

· This survey helps in preparing a bar chart of the work.

· It helps in preparing the material and labour schedule.

· The machineries involved are costly and are usually rented. A

detailed survey and planning helps in the optimum use of these
machineries,

(3) PERMISSION OF AUTHORITIES CONCERNED (IF

REQUIRED)

 v Excavation in rock by blasting.

 v Demolition of any existing structure.
 v Cutting of existing trees.
 v Crossing or diverting of nalla or drainage works.

TOOLS AND MACHINERIES REQUIRED FOR THE ROAD

WORK

 v Different types of tools and machineries are used for various

types of roads as listed below.

 v Tools

  v Ghamela, phavda, tikaw, crowbar, etc.
 Bull doser, tractor, rooter, lwed scraper, shovel units with trucks.

Bitumen boilers, sprayer, aggregate spreader, bitumen mix spreading

machine, grouting machine, bitumen pavera.

Conerete mixer, Conerete pavere, concrete.

vibrators, floalt, templates etc.

TYPES OF ROADS

(1) W.b.M. (Water Dound Macadam)

(2) BITUMINOUS ROADS

(3) CONCRETE ROADS

The cross-section of any road shows the following layers

· FORMATION (Excavation and murum filling)

This is the final ground surface, after completion of earth work. It is the
foundation to which traffic load be directly transmitted. It is natural soil
or excavated strata, if the road is in cutting. It may be the top surface of
the finally shaped embankment earth, during road filing.

· BASE COURSE (Soling)

It is the first layer of the road structure laid over the soil formation. The
main purpose of this layer is to spread the traffic load, sufficiently, to
 prevent over stressing of the formation. This is achieved by providing
soling. Soling is done with hand packed big stones called rubble.

· BASE COAT (Metalling)

It is the Intermediate course between the base course and the wearing
coat. It is made of well consolidated stone aggregates. This course is
meant for the stability of the road under traffic and resistance. The
resistance against wearing varies with the thickness of this layer.

· WEARING COAT

It is the top most coat of the road, over which the traffic moves. The
wearing coat reduces the harmful effects of the climate, protects the road
from rain, provides smooth riding surface for the traffic. The wearing
coat material varies as per the requirement.

CONSTRUCTION OF WATER BOUND MACADAM ROAD

(W.B.M.)

This is the cheapest and the most widely used of temporary roads. For
small colonies and low budget schemes, this type of road is preferable.
The aggregate used for it's construction is known as macadam.

Ø MATERIAL REQUIRED FOR W.B.M. ROAD

Murum, gravel, rubble (230mm), stone chips,

metal (40 to 50mm), water etc.
Ø WORK PROCEDURE FOR W.B.M. ROAD

FORMATION
Excavate the trench for the width given in the drawing.

While excavating keep "Deadmans" (Taletells) in staggered manner, to

find out the average depth of excavation. It also helps to classify the
excavated strata.

Fill the murum in line, level and grade up to formation level including
rolling by 8 to 10 T roller.

· SOLING
v Provide and lay the soling 230mm in height. hand packed
and firmly bedded in position to minimize the voids.
v Fill the voids with small stone pieces and roll the surface with a10 T
roller.

METALLING

v Spread metalling of 40 to 50mm size in one or two layers, each layer be

12cm. Fill the gaps with smaller pieces.

v Confirm the surface to the required camber and gradient.

v Camber provided is generally 1 in 30 to 1 in 40 while gradient is 1 in 100

(minimum).

v Dry rolling with suitable roller should be done beginning with the edges
to compact the layer from 12cm to 7.5cm.

v Ensure proper rolling of each layer.

MURUM SPREADING

v Spread soft murum or stone screening as a binding layer of 20 to 25mm

thickness.

v Sprinkle water over the surface and roll it, to get the required top surface.

v After drying. open the road for traffic.

ü CHECKLIST FOR W.B.M. ROAD.

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