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Operation Manual for PQWT-S150/S400/S500

Geophysical Prospecting Instrument

Contents

Foreword.................................................................................................................................2

Caution....................................................................................................................................2

Product Overview...................................................................................................................2-3

Advantages..............................................................................................................................3

Technical Parameters.............................................................................................................4

Instrument structure and name.............................................................................................5-6

⚫ PQWT-S150......................................................................................................................5

⚫ PQWT-S400......................................................................................................................5

⚫ PQWT-S500......................................................................................................................6

Instrument Host Panel............................................................................................................6-7

The use of the Instrument.......................................................................................................7-13

⚫ Instrument Works Introduction..........................................................................................7

⚫ Main Screen Description....................................................................................................7-11

⚫ M N Electrode Description................................................................................................11-12

⚫ Wiring method...................................................................................................................12

⚫ Data Transmission and Data Format..................................................................................12-13

Instrument Drawing Methods.....................................................................................................14-33

Case Show..................................................................................................................................33

Advised Measurement Approach...............................................................................................34

Configuration Table....................................................................................................................35

Guide for After-sale Services.....................................................................................................35

Statement....................................................................................................................................35
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◼ Foreword

Hunan Puqi Geologic Exploration Equipment Institute is a professional institution in china who
engaged in the R & D, manufacturing and sales of Geophysical Prospecting Instruments, Pipeline
leak detector, Underground metal detector and X ray security inspection equipment. More than
200 staffs, including 16 senior engineer, 49 intermediate engineer.
Over the years, Puqi focuses on Hydrogeological exploration, Intelligent data-capture technology
and Application of special technique, carrying out Scientific research, Technical services and
Marketing application. We have completed more than 65 items including National ministries,
Sino-foreign cooperation and major scientific research projects. Having the honour to win a
number of national research awards, with more than 112 national patents.
Meanwhile, Puqi has established long term cooperation relationship with many scientific research
institutes in Germany, US, Australia, Hong Kong and other countries and regions. Number of
geological data laboratories has been established at multiple places in china, using our own unique
software to carry out long term data collection, analysis and detection for different geologic
structure, and set up the differential database of different geologic structure area.

◼ Caution

1. The instrument early in the design has been fully taken into account the use of the extreme
environments . But still have to pay attention to the correct method of operation, please do not fall
equipment deliberately, proper use will extend the life of the instrument .
2. The instrument is not waterproof, please do not immerse the instrument in water or operate in
the rain.
3. Please do not strike LCD screen, do not expose the monitor for a long time in direct sunlight, if
there is a touch faulty, please shutdown and restart.
4. In order to ensure the normal use of the instrument , please be gently, and do not beat .
5. After using, please clean the instrument and load it into special box, please place the parts into
the corresponding position, do not crush the screen.
6. The instrument should be placed in a cool and dry space.
7. Please do not disassemble the instrument, this will cause the instrument data errors or system
crashes.

◼ Product Overview

PQWT-S Series geophysical prospecting instrument: the use of natural electric field source as a
working farm, with resistivity contrasts underground rocks and minerals or groundwater, based on
measuring the natural electric field on the surface of the N different frequency electric field
component, according to their different variation to study Abnormal changes in geological bodies
produce, reaching solve geological problems one electrical prospecting methods. Because this
method measures the electrical component of the electromagnetic field of the earth, so called
natural electric field method; and we chose the corresponding frequency as measured within -50
meters, that were selected frequency, so called frequency selection method, it is always referred to
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as natural potential frequency method. According to this theory the design and production of
equipment called potential frequency of detecting instrument, referred to natural selected
frequency electric field instrument or instruments for geological exploration work. Therefore,
from a professional point of view to classify, geological equipment should belong to this category
in the instrument geophysical equipment among electrical equipment. From the application point
of view to classify, it can be called prospecting meter, water detector, empty detector, prospecting
instrument, instrument engineering exploration, geothermal detector, archeology instrument,
logging tools, measuring water detector, water detector, prospecting equipment , prospecting
instrument. From the perspective of the measurement field source classification, also known as
natural electric field instrument, audio electric field instrument, the earth audio instrument. The
instrument is the use of natural earth field source without going through artificial field that is
omitted clumsy power supply system in order to achieve the simple, lightweight instrument. After
data collection instrument through the instrument's unique built-in computing functions to achieve
the automatic presentation graph the collected data can also be transferred to a computer drawing
to form a cross-sectional view, the geological layer structure can be quickly determined by a clear
understanding of cross-sectional view orebody (seam), hollow (cave), water (aquifer) specific
information.

◼ Advantages

⚫ High Measurement Speed, high efficiency

Complete more than 5000-10000 meters profile measurement in one day to realize geological
abnormality in different depth, the prospecting speed and efficiency is improved about 10 times
more than traditional resistivity method.
⚫ Convenient to Carry
Without heavy power supply, it uses low frequency signals in earth natural electric field as signal
source, and the complete set weight is less than 4kg so easy to carry.
⚫ Simple operation
Equipment is automatically controlled by micro PC. You can learn its operation in 10 minutes. It
will take 0.5h for persons without prospecting experience to finish training.
⚫ High Accuracy
Using high-performance amplifiers and AD converters, FFT digital filtering techniques.
Measurement accuracy is up to 0.1mV, ± 1% precision measurement, in obtained with the
traditional method of artificial electric field instrument comparable to the stability of a large
number of field tests.
⚫ Strong Anti-interference Ability
It has advanced anti-jamming technology and multiple anti-jamming designs. You can observe
abnormity curves result with good repetition even in weak signal area, city, high electric jamming
area and working area with other exterior interference via frequency selector and digital
processing.
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◼ Technical Parameters

Model No. Depth Accuracy Channel Frequency LCD PS Other

◆ Automatic noise reduction,

DC12V 4500mAh super anti-jamming.
PQWT-S150 150 meter 0.1mv 3 Triple, Multiple
320x420 Built-in Battery ◆ User-friendly interactive
interface , high-speed CPU
control, the menu prompts.
◆ Automatic measurement,
storage of data, drawing curves.
DC12V 2300mAh
The data will be saved
PQWT-S400 300 meter 0.01mv 6 Triple, Multiple automatically after the
320x420 Built-in Battery
shutdown.
◆ It can store 999 single band,
tri-band and multi-frequency
measurement data.
◆ Curves and data can be
displayed directly, also could be
imported into computer directly
DC12V 2300mAh
PQWT-S500 500 meter 0.001mv 7 Triple, Multiple for Charting.
320x420 Built-in Battery
◆ Using rechargeable batteries
Electrode detection, power
monitoring function.
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◼ Instrument Structure and Name

⚫ PQWT-S150

⚫ PQWT-S400
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⚫ PQWT-S500

◼ Instrument Host Panel

1. LCD Screen
Display data and curves and the various operating states and measurement results during the
operation.
2. M N
Input terminal, insert M, N electrode connector.
3. -2 -1 0 1 2 Switch
Special anti-jamming design: 0 for the basic interference set , -2 -1 for the strong signal jamming
design, 1 2 for the weak signal jamming design. (Special note: the same cross-sectional profile can
only use the same anti-interference option, can not be converted repeatedly in the same
cross-section, otherwise the data is not accurate, affect judgment. )
4. Main Switch
On / off the instrument power
5. Electrode Detection Button
Check M, N electrode loop if communicated, press the TEST Light up that is normal.
6. "←", "→", "↓", "↑", "□" Button
Used for operating the instrument, press "←", "→", "↓", "↑" button, can move to select option.
Press the "□" is used to confirm the selection and move to the next menu.
7. USB Port
External U disk for data transmission
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8. Test Light
Check M, N electrode loop if communicated, press the the button, the light up is normal.
9. Charge
Instrument uses DC / 12V / 4500mAh rechargeable battery, should be charged before using.
Charger is suitable for AC / 110-220V AC power, the charger is red when charging, after full
turned to green light. Charging time 4-8 hours. ( Only could be charged after turned off the
machine ) .

◼ The use of the Instrument (PQWT-S150 as the sample)

⚫ Instrument Works Introduction

By the M, N electrode probe ( transducer ) via a cable earth's magnetic field to electrical signal
input to high impedance input stage , after the anti-jamming exchange amplification, frequency
selection, select the desired operating frequency, and then by the A / D sampling, central processor
(CPU) for data processing. Where in the entire measurement process, high-speed central
processing unit (CPU) of the control, instrumentation automatic range conversion and automatic
frequency selection . The last display of measured data and curves from the LCD graphic, through
computer data and curves print or transmit it. Depending on the abnormal curves and data can be
carried out data analysis, make geological conclusion. .
After connecting the instrument by instrument straps , back in the body for convenience. Power on
the instrument display automatically enters the instrument main screen and operating mode after
boot LOGO and company information.

⚫ Main Screen Description

Boot into the boot screen (Figure 1) , after a successful start into the main screen (Figure 2 ) , as
shown below:

Figure 1 Boot Screen

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Figure 2 Main Screen

 Tri-band Status : When you enter the main screen, " Tri-band " selected by default, Press OK
button, enter the three frequency measurement mode, you can proceed three -frequency
related measurements operations.
 Multi-band status : When you enter the main screen, " Tri-band " selected by default, Press "
→ " select "Multi-band" option, then press the OK button, the instrument into the
multi-frequency measurement state, related multi-frequency measurements can be operated.
 Delete: To clear all data, press "→" button to move to the "Delete", press the "OK " button ,
the right side of the instrument screen appears " Clearing internal storing data 0% ," when to
" 100% " means that all data cleared, then exit automatically.

1. Enter “ Tri-band” measurement state,, the displays as shown below in Figure 3,

Figure 3 Content on Tri-band measurement status

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❖ Line
The instrument can store 30 measuring lines, each measuring line can store 30 measuring points.
The display information of measuring line and measuring point is shown at the bottom, the
number behind "Line=" indicates the current line number, the number behind " Site=" indicates
the stored measuring points on the current measuring line. For example, "Line=5 ; Site= 20"
indicates 20 points has been measured on the No. 5 line.
The method of selecting measurement line: Select the " Line " at Tri-band Mode, press the "OK "
button, then move the cursor to the bottom of the display of " Line = ", and through " ↓ "," ↑
" on instrument to select measuring line. " ← "," → " select measuring point, press the “ OK
“ button , you can make the next sampling measurement operation.

❖ Freq.
Choose a frequency(25Hz, 67Hz, 170Hz), so that display the curve and data of specified
frequency. The selected frequency which display the numbers behind " Freq = ".
Press " OK " button to enter the frequency selection, press the "↓" or "↑" button to select the
frequency. After selected, press the "OK" button to return , then press "→" button to select
"Display", click "OK " button to display the curve corresponding to the frequency selected.

❖ Sampling ( measurement) :
Select the "sampling " in the Tri-band interface, press "OK" button, then can be carried out three
frequency sampling ( measurement) operation. The screen below shows: “ Wait sampling “,
press the “ OK ” button to proceed, the status bar below shows: Sampling . . ., then DATA
column shows the sampling data of three frequency (25Hz, 67Hz, 170Hz). After sampling display :
Sampling is completed, press OK to continue. After the OK button is pressed again, " the number
after the " Site= " will plus 1, and then measure the data of next point. You can repeat this step
until you complete a measuring line (N ≦ 30). Since the instrument stores up to 30 measuring
points at each measuring line, so when the number of points is 30 ("Site= 30"), then click on the "
Sampling " button, the instrument will cover the previous measurement point. Now you must
press " ← " button, enter" Line " re-select the measuring line, and then keep going the measuring
operation.

❖ Delete
Unforeseen circumstances during measurement , you need to delete a measuring point data, press
the "→" button to move to " Delete " and press the "OK" button, point number ( the number
behind " Site =" ) minus 1 , indicating that the point data is deleted.

❖ Display
Press the OK button at " Display " option, the curve of this frequency ( specific frequency is the
number behind " Freq = " at this measuring line (specific line is the number behind Line =") will
be displayed on the screen. Then the status bar below display: “ Arrow Keys select Lines & Freq
(press the Left/Right button to select the measuring line, press the UP/Down button to select the
frequency). Press the "OK" button, the content displayed will be returned to the Tri-band Mode
interface as shown in Figure 4 above.
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❖ Export
After plug U disk into the USB port of instrument, select " Export" on the main screen and press
the OK button, then the status bar display: Start output data, until show " output the data to USB
sucess", before pull out U disk. If an error occurs and can not be transferred, for example due to
the U disk and the host does not recognize or U disk and host poor contact, then the status bar will
complain.

❖ Return
Select " Return " and press the " OK " button, the graphics display content will be from Figure 3
Tri-band Mode back to Figure 2 main screen status.
Note: Please don’t shut down the instrument when it is measuring, otherwise it will cause data loss
or program confusion. Any other time you can shut down.

2. Enter Multi-band measurement state, LCD display is shown below in Figure 4.

Figure 4 The display on Multi-band Measurement Status

❖ Line
The instrument can store 30 measuring line data. Line numbers can be chosen from 1 to 30. The
selected measuring line number is behind " Line=". Enter the Multi- band measurement status, the
first selected option is " sampling." Press the " ← " select " Line ", then press "OK " button , the
cursor moves to the measuring line number option, through "↓", "↑" select measuring line, "←
", "→" select the measuring point. After choose measuring line , you can press the "OK" button ,
press " → " select the "sampling ", you can make the next sampling measurement operation.

❖ Sampling ( Measurement) :
Select the " Sampling ", press "OK" button, then can be carried out Multi-band sampling
( measurement) operation, The screen below shows: “ Wait sampling “, press the “ OK ” button to
proceed, the status bar below shows: Sampling . . ., then DATA column shows the sampling data.
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❖ Delete:
Unforeseen circumstances during measurement, you need to delete a measuring point data, press
the "→" button to move to " Delete " and press the "OK" button, point number ( the number
behind " Site =" ) minus 1 , indicating that the point data is deleted.

❖ Display
Press the OK button at " Display " option, the curve of this frequency ( specific frequency is the
number behind " Freq = " at this measuring line (specific line is the number behind Line =") will
be displayed on the screen. Then the status bar below display: “ Arrow Keys select Lines & Freq
(press the Left/Right button to select the measuring line, press the UP/Down button to select the
frequency). Press the "OK" button, the content displayed will be returned to the Tri-band Mode
interface as shown in Figure 4 above.

❖ Export
After plug U disk into the USB port of instrument, select " Export" on the main screen and
press the OK button, then the status bar display: Start output data, until show " output the data to
USB sucess", before pull out U disk. If an error occurs and can not be transferred, for example due
to the U disk and the host does not recognize or U disk and host poor contact, then the status bar
will complain.

❖ Return
Select " Return " and press the " OK " button, the graphics display content will be from Figure 4
Tri-band Mode back to Figure 2 main screen status.
Note: Please don’t shut down the instrument when it is measuring, otherwise it will cause data loss
or program confusion. Any other time you can shut down.

⚫ M N Electrode Description
The electrode with plastic rods and copper electrodes. Usage: As following Figure 5 to connect a
handheld plastic rod with copper electrodem inserted into the soil, the puddled soil is
recommended in each insertion. Before click on the "Record " , Press " Line Detection " firstly,
judged good grounding , Indicator lights up and then process measuring.

Note: On dry and hard ground, it’s difficult to use hand to penetrate the electrode, pls never
hammer the electorde into ground, it will broke the machine function. You can mix some water,
salt and soil in a barrel, then put the mud on the hard point so that you can insert the electrode.
Meanwhile, you need cover the line that you will measure with salt water to improve the electrical
conductivity.
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Figure 5

◼ Wiring method

⚫ Geophysical lines are generally arranged perpendicular to the line to be constructed , can
detect tectonic crushed zone on both sides of the border and its different physical
characteristics , contrast is strong, crushing width , extending distinctive characteristics.
In order to accurately locate, confirmed the location of the abnormal ground point, generally
use measuring rope ( or tape ) pull straight line, and mark with paint at the beginning of the
measuring line, so that find、measure position according to the test results of drawing later.

⚫ The collected data each time is the data of midpoint between two electrode data, the point O
is the first set of data as shown below in figure 6. Electrode spacing is generally 5-10m
( Choose 6/8/10m according to your actual situation), dot spacing is generally about 0.5-2m,
electrode spacing and dot spacing must keep the same distance for one measuring line.

M, N is electrode , O is the first measurement point, O1 is the second measurement point. NM =

5-10M, measuring point spacing is generally 0.5-2m.

Figure 6

◼ Data Transmission and Data Format

In the field, after data collection needs a complete chart analysis or the data is full inside the
instrument, we need to transfer out the data. The data of instrument can be transferred directly to
the U disk , plug U disk into the the instrument 's USB interface.
The instrument can transmit three frequency measurement data and multi-frequency measurement
data, line as a unit, first select the required transmission line number, then select all data for this
line . Specific operations are as follows.
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Boot into the main screen , as shown below in Figure 7,

Figure 7

Select the data needed transfer in " Tri-band ", " Multi -band " or select " Delete ". Note: Select "
Delete " and "OK" will clear all data in instrument.
When you enter the main screen, " Tri-band " selected by default, Press OK button, enter the three
frequency measurement mode, and select the line number which need to be transfer. Transfer all
the data sequentially. Multi-band data transmission method is basically consistent with the three-
frequency transmission.
After the data transfer completely, remove the U disk, plug U disk into the computer which
display the file named MY_DAT. Then install Grapher 4.0 and Surfer 8.0 software, you can open
the file directly.
Data Format
Tri-band Display Format in MY_DAT file
The first column (A column) : Line number
The second column (B column) : 1 2 3 4-30... indicate measuring point number
The third column (C column) : Indicates the measured data of 25HZ
The fourth column (D column) : Indicates the measured data of 67HZ
Fifth column (E column) : Indicates the measured data of 170HZ

Multi-band Display Formats MY_DAT file

The first column (A) column : Line number
The second column (B column) : 1 2 3 4-30... indicate measuring point number
The third column (C column) : Indicates that the measured data of each frequency.

Measuring point with the frequency comparison table (HZ)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
120 130 140 150 170 190 210 230 250 300
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
350 400 460 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 2000
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◼ Instrument Drawing Methods

⚫ Method No. 1：Line Chart

1. Open the record data as shown in figure 1:

Figure 1

2. Copy all values exclude L and N columns as shown in figure 2:

Figure 2

3. Then paste to (the red area) as shown in figure 3,

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Figure 3

4. Select all coiped data as shown in figure 4：

Figure 4

5. Then click “Insert-Chart-Line” as shown in figure 5,

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Figure 5

6. Select the first group in Line, then click “ Next” as shown in figure 6:

Figure 6

7. Choose “Columns”, then click “ Finish” as shown in figure 7.

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Figure 7

8. Now, the Line Chart is finished. Judge from the chart, point 13 will be recommended to drill.

Figure 8

⚫ Method No. 2：Contour Map

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1. Open the recorded data ，copy all velaues exclude L and N columns as shown

in figure 1:

Figure 1

2. Then the values through-Paste Special-Values-Transpose to ，the steps and position

as shown in figure 2 and figure 3,

Figure 2
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Figure 3

3. Copy the values of A、B、C columns（Note: the quantity of points you record=the quantity of
groups which are copied. ) For example, there are 19 sets of data above, copy until No. 19 set as
shown in figure 4.

Figure 4

4. After copy，create a new EXCEL form , then through “Paste Special-Values，

as shown in figure 5 and figure 6,

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Figure 5

Figure 6

After Click “ Ok”, then click “ Save” .

5. Next step is drawing, launch , the interface as shown in figure 7.

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Figure 7

6. Select “Grid-Data”, choose the new created Excel form above, then will choose the items as
shown in figure 8,

Figure 8

7. Click “ Ok”. The file will be created as shown in figure 9.

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Figure 9

8. Then select” Map-Contour Map-New Contour Map, choose the file saved
above as shown in figure 10.

Figure 10
Here, the contour map is created.

9. Double click the map above, then will appear dialog box as shown in figure 11,
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Figure 11

10. Check “Fill Contour & Smooth Contours & Color Scale, Choose Amount: High. Then choose
“Levels-Fill-Foregroud-Load as shown in figure 12 & 13 & 14.

Figure 12
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Figure 13

Figure 14
Load the file as shown in figure 15,

Figure 15
11. Then select “ Scale” as shown in figure 16:
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Figure 16

12. Then cross off “ Proportional XY Scale “ , modify length of X Scale and Y Scale as shown in
figure 17,

Figure 17

Click “ Apply” and “ Ok” as shown in figure 18，

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Figure 18

13. Double click x-axis, choose “ Scaling”, moify “Major and First Major” as 1, “ Last Major” 19,
as shown in figure 19.

Figure 19

11. Then click “ok”, here Contour Map is finished as shown in figure 20. The data of Y-axis is the
detection depth, the data of X-axis is the detection points.
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Figure 20

Here, the contour map is finished.

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⚫ Method No. 3：Data Assimilation

For some special data, the difference of high value and low value is very big. The the blue area is
very large, and it’s difficult to find the effective position. In this situation, we can use the method
of data assimilation to make the graph, then compare it with the Contour Map for reference.
Note: This method need some experience, you can learn after a few times.

1. Open the Record data , then make the Line Chart as Method No. 1, as show
below in Figure 1,

Figure 1

2. Here you need to select " Reference Line, Reference Point ."
Reference line selection requirement is the most gentle one, as shown below in figure 2:

Figure 2
The chosen reference line of data corresponding to the data in the table above, as shown in figure
2 above.
Reference point selection is a most similar and gentle position in curves, such as the point 20 on
the map.
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The selected reference line and reference point corresponding to column and row, mark colour for
column and row on the form , as shown below in figure 3,

Figure 3

3. Copy the “row” of marking color, paste it into the right position AT 1 as shown below in figure
4,

Figure 4
4. Copy the value of two color crossed to red value area, as shown in figure 5 below,

Figure 5
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5. After processing the above steps , as shown in Figure 6 below:

Figure 6

6. Make a Line Chart using the data in red frame above, then compare with the original line chart
as shown below in figure 7,

Figure 7
7. Generally the water area we judge based on low values, but the data above, too many high
values, it covers many low values. We can find that the main values in the area below 0.2, so we
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need to lower the high values into 0.2 area.

For example, we lower the hig value 0.8 into 0.2, as shown in figure Figure 8,

Figure 8
Based on this method, lower other high values into 0.2 area, then the line chart will be changed as
shown below in figure 9, you can find that other low values will be more obvious than the original
one.

Figure 9
8. Then copy the changed data in the red box, through " Paste - value - Transpose " steps to the
green area, as shown in figure 10,
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Figure 10

9. After processed the data, then we can make the graph according to the method No. 2 above,
here is the contrast between Data Assimilation and Contour Map (It’s the graph according to the
original data) in figure 11, the point 11 is recommended.

Figure 11

Here, the Data Assimilation graph is finished.

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Case Show:
This case diagram is from the actual case diagram of Douala, Cameroon. The field prospecting is
completely consistent with drilling result. Well position was designed with 13 walls 45m deep.
After well completion, there is 9 m3 water per hour, to which client was very satisfield.
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◼ Advised Measurement Approach

In order to locate accurately, judge the location of the abnormal ground point, generally using
lining rope as straight line, carry out paint markers at the beginning or middle position, so that find
the corresponding position according to the test results of graph after measuring.

⚫ Cross Method

⚫ Grid Method
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◼ Guide for After-sale Services

⚫ Within two years of the purchase date, if instrument quality problems, please send us the
photos, we will send the required part or repair for you. Each of us shall take care of the
corresponding shipping cost on each side.
⚫ Instrument warranty does not cover the accident, misuse, neglect, alteration, modification,
magnetized, unauthorized service and damage caused by prolonged exposure in corrosive salt
mixture.
⚫ If need to purchase related accessories, you can contact Hunan Puqi Geologic Exploration
Equipment Institute customer service.

◼ Accessories

Maine Engine 1
Copper Cable 1
Charger 1
Electrode Bar 1
Copper Electrode 1
Operation Manual 1
Warranty Card 1
Outer Box 1

◼ Copyright Notice

1. Hunan Puqi Geologic Exploration Equipment Institute has the final interpretation of the
operating instructions.
2. Hunan Puqi Geologic Exploration Equipment Institute reserves right to modify equipment
specification without any advance notice.
3. All pictures for reference only in operation manual, please in kind prevail.
4. Please observe local laws and regulations, Hunan Puqi Geologic Exploration Equipment
Institute will not be responsible for any legal issues which caused by the instrument.
5. The products of Hunan Puqi Geologic Exploration Equipment Institute are patented products,
If anyone imitates, we would investigate his legal liabilit.