DIFFERENCE BETWEEN URI, URL, AND URN

All three URI, URL, and URN are used to identify any resource or name on the internet,
but there is a subtle difference between them. But before that, let us first define what is URI,
URL, and URL
 URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) - is a text which is used to identify any resource or
name on Internet. URI has two specializations in the form of URL (Uniform Resource
Locator) and URN (Uniform Resource Name) to identify resource and name. We mostly
see examples of URL and URN in the real word. If you are working on JSP and familiar
with using tag library e.g. display tag and JSTL core tag library, then you may remember
the use of URI to locate binary corresponding to a tag library.
 URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - is a subset of URI or Uniform Resource Identifier.
URL includes location as well as the protocol to retrieve the resource e.g.
in http://java67.blogspot.sg/2012/09/what-is-new-in-java-7-top-5-jdk-7.html, HTTP is a
protocol which can be used to retrieve resource what-is-new-in-java-7-top-5-jdk-
7.htmlavailable in location http://java67.blogspot.com directory. It's not necessary that
URL always include HTTP as protocol, it can use any protocol
e.g. ftp://, https:// or ldap://.
 URN (Uniform Resource Name) - is also the subset of URI. One of the best examples of
URN is ISBN number which is used to uniquely identify a book. URN is completely
different than URL as it doesn't include any protocol.
After knowing what is URI, URL, and URN, it's easy to find the difference between them.
The main difference between URI and URL is that every URL is a URI but not vice versa.
Similarly, every URN is a URI, but the opposite is not true. Another difference between URI and
URL is that URL includes the protocol, which is key to retrieving information from any location.
Here are few differences between URI, URL and URN in point format:
 Every URL and URN is URI because URI is the superset of both URL and URN.
 URL includes protocol e.g. http://, ftp:// along with location to identify resource e.g.
http://www.blogspot.com/abc.html.
 URN are the unambiguous way to identify a resource. ISBN numbers are best examples
of URN.
Here is a diagram which clearly reflect the relationship of URL, URI, and URN on the internet:
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HTTP AND HTTPS

Before knowing the difference between HTTP and HTTPS, let us first define what is
HTTP and what is HTTPS.
 HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) - is based on the TCP/IP protocol. The
International Standard Organization has defined a model called Open System
Interconnection or the OSI model that can be used in communication. This model helps
to get an understanding of how communication occurs between the sender and the
receiver. It is a layered model.  HTTP works in the application layer of the OSI model. It
is used to deliver web pages. It is also possible to transfer text, audio, video, images using
this protocol. HTTP works according to the request and response cycle. For example,
when the user or the client browses for pediaa.com, he is requesting a web page from the
server. That request is sent to the server as an HTTP message. Then, the server responds
back by providing the correct web page.
 HTTPS (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure) - it transfers data securely via the
network. HTTPS is also known as HTTP over TLS, HTTP over SSL and HTTP secure.
The objective of designing this protocol is to improve privacy when communicating with
websites. It is used in banking websites, online e-commerce websites, etc. It is also used
in Google.com, Facebook, Twitter and many more. To secure the website, the owner
should purchase SSL (Secure Socket Layer) certificate. They are expensive and can be
obtained by hosting companies. This SSL certificate is similar to an online identification
card. This certificate also helps to encrypt the data to pass via HTTPS protocol. When the
user or the client requests a webpage, the server checks the SSL certificate. It verifies the
identity of the website. Then the data is sent from the server to the client. The response
message is encrypted at the server’s end and decrypted at the client’s end. An
unauthorized party cannot read this message as it is encrypted. Therefore, HTTPS
provides more security in communication.

After defining HTTP and HTTPS, lets us now distinguish the difference between the two
as shown in the table below:

HTTP HTTPS
Definition HTTP is an application HTTPS is an extension of
protocol for distributed, HTTP protocol for secure
collaborative, and communication over a
hypermedia information computer network
systems
Stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
Secure
Security Less secure More secure
 Layer of OSI Model Works in the application
layer of the OSI model
Certification Does not use certificate
Encryption and Decryption No
Usage Helps to transfer text, audio,
video, images through web
pages
Works in the transport layer
of the OSI model
Uses SSL certificate
Yes
Helps to transfer data
securely via the network

To conclude it, the difference between HTTP and HTTPS is that HTTP is a protocol or a
set of rules to transfer files with text, images, audio, video and other multimedia files on WWW
while HTTPS is an extension of HTTP protocol that provides more security to the transmitting
data through a Secure Socket Layer (SSL).  In brief, HTTPS is more secure than HTTP.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LAN, HAN, WLAN, PAN, CAN, MAN, SAN, WAN,
BAN, NAN, etc.
Whatever connection you use, whether your home WiFi or the office Ethernet, you’re a
part of some computer network. A computer network can include devices like routers, hubs,
switches, end-user devices, repeaters, network cards, etc. These devices can be arranged in
various network topologies as per the requirement. We can classify a computer network into
different types depending on its size and the geographical area it covers. The most common types
of computer networks are LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN, etc. Let us define each of them to
differentiate:
 LAN(Local Area Network) - is a form of a computer network most known to the
general public. It has a limited reach, roughly a bunch of closely situated houses or
building. And that’s because we typically use the Ethernet technology (IEEE 802.3) to
power our local area networks. The ethernet cables we lay across our houses and offices
have their practical limitations. Beyond a certain length, the speed gets degraded. The
reach of a LAN can be enhanced using repeaters, bridges, etc.
 HAN(Home Area Network) - a kind of local area network is the HAN (Home Area
Network). All the devices like smartphones, computers, IoT devices, televisions, gaming
consoles, etc. connect to a central router (wired or wireless) placed in a home constitute a
home area network.
 WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network) -this type of computer network is a wireless
counterpart of the local area network. It uses the WiFi technology defined as per the
IEEE 802.11 standards. If you’re the one who thinks WiFi and WLAN are the same
things, then you need to rectify your confusion. They are completely different. WiFi is
used to create a wireless local area network. WiFi networks can reach up to a few
hundred meters in a clear line of sight. However, just like wired LAN, its range can be
increased using wireless repeaters and bridges.
 PAN(Personal Area Network) - s the name suggests, a personal area network is
intended for personal use within a range of a few ten meters. Mainly, the technologies
used for creating personal area networks are wireless. A notable example of WPAN is the
Bluetooth technology, mostly found on portable devices like smartphones, laptops,
tablets, wearables, etc. Other PAN technologies are Zigbee, Wireless USB, etc.
 CAN(Campus Area Network) – a network infrastructure covering the school,
university, or a corporate premises can be dubbed as campus area network. It can
comprise of several LANs, a central firewall, and connected to the internet using a leased
line or any other means.
 MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) - the area covered by a MAN is quite larger in
comparison to a LAN and CAN. In fact, a MAN can be used to link several LANs spread
across a city or a metro area. A wired backhaul spread across a city is used to powers a
 metropolitan area network in that place. You might have known about various city-wide
WiFi networks in different parts of the world.
 WABN(Wide Area Network) - we can think of a WAN as the superset of all the small
networks we find in our homes, offices, cities, states, and countries. The router or modem
placed at your home is a device used to connect to the WAN. The internet is also a type
WAN that spans across the entire earth. Various technologies like ADSL, 4G LTE, Fiber
optic, cable, etc. are used to connect to the internet. However, these technologies
mostly confine to a country at max. Cables are laid across countries and continents to
establish global connectivity.
 SAN(Storage Area Network) - generally, it is used to connect external storage devices
to servers but make them believe that the storage is attached directly. The technology
used to accomplish this is known as Fiber Channel.

Some other types of networks based on their reach:

 BAN(Body Area Network) - you can create a body area network by using wearable
devices like smartwatches, fitness bands, biometric RFID implants, and medical devices
placed inside the body like pacemakers. Wireless BAN is the primary form used to
created such networks. It is defined as per the IEEE 802.15.6 standard which describes a
short-range, extremely low power wireless communication within or in a vicinity of the
human body. Wireless BAN can work together with PAN technologies. For instance, a
Bluetooth-connected smartphone can be used to sync data from wearables and various
sensors present in the body.
 NAN(Near-me Network) - although it sounds totally unfamiliar, you use Near-me
network almost every day. Remember chatting with your friends on Facebook while all
of you were sitting in the same room. You were part of a NAN, even though you might
be on the networks of different carriers. A message from your device would traverse all
the way to Facebook servers over the internet come to your friend’s device sitting right
next to you. In a logical way, both the device are on some sort of network. Basically, the
criteria for the devices is to lie in proximity. They don’t need to be connected to the same
network. For instance, they can be connected via WiFi, cellular, etc.

To conclude, these networks can be differenciated thorough the area they are used and
What kind of purposed they are used.