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Course Manual
Finance Training
Contents
Credit control is a vital process that establishes controls both pre and post sales to
ensure a timely recovery of income owed to the University. Many factors need to be
taken into consideration before entering into a contract for the supply of goods or
services to external customers. For detailed information on credit control pre sales
please refer to the Financial Procedures Manual Chapter 8.
Post sales, collecting customer debt is the responsibility of the department raising
the invoice in the first instance; The Accounts Receivable and Cash Management
team in the Finance Division can be contacted for detailed advice and assistance on
specific debts. The University’s Financial Regulations state:
‘With the exception of Research Grant claims, departments are responsible for all
aspects of credit control and for debt collection in respect of invoices issued to third
parties. Heads of Department must ensure that proper procedures are in place to
monitor all debts and follow up overdue accounts and must establish a provision for
any debts considered irrecoverable. A debt is created whenever a credit sale is
made, or any other obligation to pay money to the University arises’
In addition to this manual guiding you through procedures to follow on UFS, detailed
information can be found in the Chapter 8 of the Financial Procedures Manual -
External Trading and Credit Control. Alternatively, contact the Accounts Receivable
Credit Control Helpdesk:
Email: UFS_AR@admin.cam.ac.uk
Determine which
customers need to be
followed up
Consider making a
Bad Debt Provision Receipt on
If part payment
system and
action to be taken
update
for the outstanding
customer
amount
Consider cease
trading with customer
– Contact AR
Contact AR Credit
Control for advice on External debt recovery
the following:
Court Action
It is a department’s responsibility for credit control and the debt management of their
customers. To assist departments, below is an overview of the month end
procedures that should be followed to ensure accounts are current and up to date.
Further month end procedures can be found in the Income Collection Manual.
Complete AR invoices, credit notes and batch receipts for the month (this is
ongoing).
Print and send AR invoices and customer statements.
Run the ‘Incomplete Invoices’ report to identify any incomplete sales transactions
and complete/cancel transactions as necessary.
Run the ‘Unapplied Receipts Register’ to identify any receipts unapplied to
specific invoices and match these receipts to the invoices report.
Run the ‘Aging 7 Buckets by Accounts’ report to show invoices with no
remittance, review – use for debt management.
Pursue the debt, using the recovery timetable and a suitable method
Record any actions taken
Review and if necessary write-off bad debts (with the Head of Department
approval).
Banking
Complete all receipt batches for cash and cheques received on or before the last
day of the month.
Run the ‘Receipt Register’ report for cash receipt batches.
Arrange for the banking of all monies received up to the last day of the month
(including vending machines, photocopier sales, pay phones, key deposits).
Claim any BACS receipts/bank transfers from the weekly Finance Division
spreadsheet.
This report shows all your Sales Invoices for which payment has not been received.
It lists the invoices and groups the amounts by the period of time that they have been
overdue. These time periods are known as “buckets” and the seven time periods
analysed in this report are:
Current
1-30 days past due
31-60 days past due
61- 90 days past due
91 – 180 days past due
181- 360 days past due
361 + days past due
It will give you a total figure of the amount outstanding per customer and an overall
total for all your departments’ external debtors. The report should be run each month
once the AR module has been closed as part of your Department’s Month End
Procedures
o Once you have navigated via the above path click on ‘OK’ to a single request
o In the Name field, click on the list of values and select ‘Aging -7 Buckets-By
Account Report’
o Once you have selected your parameters click on OK and this will take you to the
next screen
o It maybe worth viewing the report on the screen first, before you print it in case it
is lengthy. To do this click on Option and then amend copies to 0
o Click on Submit.
o Once the report has completed click on View Output and your print will be
displayed on screen.
o To print the report, close your report view and return to the above screen.
o In the toolbar click on Tools then select Reprint. Ensure you have the correct
printer set up and click on Ok.
All outstanding over due transactions should be investigated and followed up with
either
o Statements
o Phone Calls
o Dunning Letters
From this report it may become apparent that Customer has already paid their
outstanding debt:
o Receipt has been applied to the customer but not the invoice, leaving the
value unapplied
o Receipt has been applied to the wrong customer or to the wrong invoice
o Carry out a review by running the Unapplied Receipt Report and review
the receipt on the system
After reviewing the Aging 7 Buckets report you may be aware a payment has been
received and processed on CUFS but not applied to the invoice. To establish these
payments you need to run this report.
It will list receipts showing against a customer’s account, but have not yet been
applied to a specific transaction (Sales Invoice). Receipt Batch status will be OPEN
when investigated but should be CLOSED wherever possible. The Batch will close
once all of the Receipts have been applied within the batch.
o Click Ok to single request and in the name field click on the list of values and
select Unapplied Receipt Register Report
o Again, you may wish to view this report on-line before you print it. Once you have
reviewed the report take the appropriate action (refer to Payment Received
unapplied to invoice, Reversing a receipt and Other types of receipts).
o To search for a receipt click on the torch icon so that a find screen is displayed
o In the Batch Number field type in the batch number that you wish to view and
then click on find.
There may be occasions when a receipt has been loaded on the system that was not
applied to the invoice:
• Receipt has been applied to the customer but not the invoice
• Receipt has been entered on CUFS as a miscellaneous receipt in error
(follow guidance notes on how to reverse a receipt and then follow
guidance on entering a receipt)
• Receipt has been applied to the wrong customer or to wrong invoice
(follow guidance notes on how to reverse a receipt and then follow
guidance on entering a receipt)
• Payment received by BACS and not yet claimed (follow guidance notes
on Other Types of Receipts)
It is important to apply the receipt to the original invoice so that you can confirm that
the customer has paid their invoice.
o Once you have found your receipt (refer to guidance ‘Reviewing Receipts’) a
screen similar to below will be displayed.
o The screen will show that your control and actual totals match but on the right
hand side the amount of the receipt is showing as Unapplied.
o Click on Receipts and this will take you through to the receipt screen.
o In the example above you will see that receipt has not been matched to the
invoice as the Trans Number field is blank. To apply the receipt either simply
type the invoice number into the Trans Number field, or click on the list of
values in Trans Number field and select your customers invoice.
o Once the invoice number is in the Trans Number field click on Apply and the
following screen will display.
o Click the Apply box and the Invoice number will default in the Apply To field and
the amount of the receipt will default in the Amount Applied field.
o The amount of your receipt should be now showing in the Applied field as above
and the status will be closed.
If you have applied a receipt to the wrong invoice, the wrong customer or the wrong
amount you will need to reverse it and then re-enter it. Only reverse receipts when
the status field reads ‘Remitted’.
From the Receipt summary window, run a query to locate the particular receipt to be
reversed. For example:
a) Category: select the ‘Reverse Payment’ option from the list of values
c) Comment: This is a free text field to outline any specific reasons for the
reversal.
A receipt can be reversed if the STATUS field is marked ‘remitted’ by following the
normal process. However, if the receipt is marked ‘cleared’ it must not be reversed
without further action from Accounts Receivable first. The reason being that the
receipt has already been reconciled to an entry on the bank statement.
BACS Receipts
Once a week Central Finance will send to all Key Contacts, via e-mail, a spreadsheet
listing all the BACS receipts received into the Sterling Bank Account, USD Bank
Account and the Euro Bank Account, that have not been reconciled (matched) to a
receipt on UFS.
The information listed includes: -
• The Date the monies were received onto the bank statement
• The Amount of the receipt
• Any other information provided by the Customer when paying via
BACS
If you find any receipts on the spreadsheet that relate to your department, then
please enter a Receipt onto the system. NB: It is the responsibility of the
DEPARTMENT, to enter BACS receipts onto UFS.
1. Enter a Receipt Batch in the normal way, using the same naming conventions
outlined in the previous section.
Change
Batch
Source
This information then allows the Accounts Receivable Team to reconcile your receipt
with the payment on the bank statement.
If you have any queries or problems then please e-mail the above address.
only claim the proportion of the payment that is for your own department (as per
the remittance advice with the cheque); and
then forward the remittance advice and cheque onto the AR Helpdesk via the
UMS, who will then arrange for the remainder to be claimed.
If you realise that you have applied a receipt to the wrong invoice you can reapply it.
However, you cannot reapply a receipt that you have already reversed. In this case
you would have to enter a brand new receipt for it.
b) The system will display all receipts that meet the search criteria and their
respective applied, unapplied, or on-account amounts.
Click onto the next spare row, tick the Apply box on this row and select from the list
of values the Transaction Number (invoice) that you want to reapply this receipt to
and save.
• The following screen will display, enter the criteria to query your customer
accounts you wish to view and click on find
• The following screen will be displayed. You can access a large amount of
information on your customer against each transaction.
• Dunning History: Will display details of any dunning letter sent to the customer.
• Call: You can log details of a call along with the outcome relating to the
customer.
Below is an extract from Chapter 8 of the Financial Procedures Manual. It shows the
actions on invoices which are in debt, from Current to 61+ days past due. Debt
recovery should be carried out in sequence as per the timetable.
Whenever you carry out one of the actions you must ensure detailed records are
kept.
In order for debt recovery to be successful it must be proactive, persistent, polite and
professional.
3. Click on Options to check the correct printer and copies, before you click on
Submit.
Dunning letters are payment reminder letters to external customers and there are
two letters available on CUFS
A department may devise its own dunning letter to assist in making the debt recovery
process more personalised. If bespoke dunning letters are sent to the customer
manual notes such as date, type of letter sent must be made on CUFS.
CARE! Dunning Letters will only be printed if the customer was set up
correctly
• In the name field click on the list of values and select Dunning Letter
Generate
• You can choose to print letters for all customers within your department by
leaving the customer low and high fields blank.
• Check your printer options, submit in the normal way and send to customer.
• Once the letter has been printed it will produce a record within Customers,
Customer Accounts. Refer to notes on Keeping Records of Written Recovery
Attempts.
• The system will automatically pick up which dunning letter needs to be sent eg
Dunning Letter 1 already sent, if you followed the process above again it will
automatically print out Dunning Letter 2.
Where possible chasing the customer by phone is easily the most effective collection
method as it offers the opportunity to clarify the situation, resolves any disputes
promptly and build a relationship with the debtor. Remember successful debt
recovery is being polite and professional. Follow these procedures for logging a
dispute following a call and also refer to page 21 for information on disputes.
When contacting the customer you must keep a full record of the actions and record
them in CUFS:
1. Once you have navigated via the above the following screen will display
4. In the contact Tab complete the name, and contact details of the person you
spoke with as per example below.
• Click in the Response tab and the following screen will display:
• You have the option on the screen to complete the ‘Promise’ section
• Save your work and a Call ID number will appear in the top left hand box.
• Click on Topics. On the Main screen ensure the Invoice number has pulled
through otherwise select it from the List of Values. Complete the remaining fields
then click on the Notes and input notes regarding the call and response. All the
information you input here as well will pull through onto the Collectors Follow Up
Report.
If you have logged a dispute then ensure you run of the Disputed
Invoice Report on a regular basis.
Once you have logged a call and follow up is required we recommend you run this
report on a weekly basis to assist with the recovery of debt.
3. In the parameters fields input ‘Default Collector’ unless your department has
set up Collectors in which case select the relevant collector using the list of
values in Collector Name low and high. For the Follow Up Date fields select
the date parameters.
4. Click on OK
5. Check your printer options are set up correctly. You may wish to run zero
copies incase there are a few pages and then print it.
The report will show you the last time you called the customer, relevant
notes, and what the customer response was last time you called and what
follow up is required
If a bespoke dunning letter is sent then a comment must be added to the notes
screen of the relevant transaction.
When you produce a standard Dunning letter, Statement or log a call on CUFS a
record of this correspondence will be produced automatically in Collections,
Customer Accounts. You can also access this via Collections, Account Details
• Find your customer by either searching for the Customer name or inputting the
Customer number and then click on find as per screen below
o The calls screen shows information relating to the call but for detailed
information click on the Call button. Then use the up and down arrows to
view all the calls logged. You can also view details by clicking on Topics.
o Account Details will take you through to the screen that displays all the
transactions loaded for that customer.
If after all possible recovery approaches have been completed, the debt is still
outstanding then there are various options available to departments.
Interest: If an invoice becomes 60 days old you may advise the customer that
interest will be charged if payment not received within x number of days eg 14. Care
many factors need to be taken into consideration.
Payment Plans: This should not be agreed by departments at the time of billing.
Any proposals from the customer must be made in writing and should not be agreed
or disagreed with until further investigation and consultation with the Accounts
Receivable team in the Finance Division.
Legal Recovery: Before departments go down this route it is vital that every effort
has been made with the customer to collect the debt eg calls, letters, all financial
procedures and regulations have been adhered to and evidence can be provided of
recovery attempts.
You must contact the AR team to receive further information on the costs, feasibility,
process and documentation required. The department must bear the costs of any
legal action they take. If is it suitable for pursuing in the Courts then all required
documentation must be authorised by the Head of Department and sent to Legal
Services. Formal consent must then be obtained from the Registrary in accordance
with financial regulations.
Bad Debt Provision: All invoices that are 60+ days overdue will have a bad debt
provision posted against them to account for the risk of non settlement. The
information is transferred into the General Ledger module at the end of the month
once AR module has closed. The value of the bad debt is determined by the age
and the balance due.
Account Analysis Report can be run within GL responsibility using transaction code
FJNA (Bad Debt Provision code).
Writing off Debts: If after all reasonable recovery attempts have been taken and the
debt is still overdue then the invoice can be written off. Information such as invoice
number, balance due and reason for the write off must be sent to the AR team and in
return a form will be sent to the department which must be signed by the Head of
Department. The form then needs to be returned back to the AR team for the
adjustments to be made on CUFS.
For more detailed guidance on any of the above please refer to sections 5.7-
5.10, Chapter 8 of the Financial Procedures Manual or the Accounts Receivable
team.
University of Cambridge
Finance Division
The Old Schools,
Trinity Lane
Cambridge
Cambridgeshire
CB2 lTS
United Kingdom
Dear Sir/Madam,
I write with regard to the invoice(s) detailed below, which, according to our records,
appear to be outstanding.
Total 127.84
Please arrange for payment to be made within the next 7 days. If payment has been
made within the last 5 days, please disregard this reminder.
Should you have any unresolved problems concerning your account or require any
further details, please do not hesitate to contact me immediately.
Yours faithfully
Department of XX
University of Cambridge
Finance Division
The Old Schools,
Trinity Lane
Cambridge
Cambridgeshire
CB2 lTS
United Kingdom
Dear Sir/Madam,
It would appear from our records that despite previous correspondence, the account
detailed below still remains unpaid.
Total 127.84
Should there be any issues relating to this account that are causing delay in
payment, I would appreciate your call to this office urgently, so that I can help to
resolve the problem.
Failure to reply immediately with either your query or remittance will lead to your
account being forwarded to our debt management section [and may result in interest
being charged if payment continues to be outstanding.]
Yours faithfully
Department of XX
1. What report should you run at the end of every month once the Accounts
Receivable module has closed?
2. What does this report show and how will you use it?
4. Name as many of the different recovery methods and when you would use
them.
7. What report would you run that detailed actions required after a call has been
made?
9. How old must a debt be before we may start charging them interest?
10. Who does Legal need to get formal consent from should they pursue the
debt in the Courts?