PIM-DM Principle

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Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Foreword
 Multicast routing protocol is running on routers, it is used to
maintain multicast routes and forward multicast packets.
PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) is a typical inter-
domain multicast routing protocol, it has two models: DM
(Dense Mode) and SM (Sparse Mode).

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 Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Understand PIM-DM basic principle

 Understand PIM-DM working mechanism

 Master PIM-DM basic configuration

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 Contents
1. PIM-DM Overview and Configuration

2. PIM-DM Protocol Mechanism

3. PIM-DM Configuration Verification

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 Contents
1. PIM-DM Overview and Configuration

2. PIM-DM Protocol Mechanism

3. PIM-DM Configuration Verification

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PIM-DM Overview

IGMP
Receiver

PC1
PIM-DM

Source
IGMP
PC2

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Packet Forwarding in PIM-DM

IGMP
Receiver

PC1
PIM-DM

Source Receiver
IGMP
PC2

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PIMv2 Packet Header Format
0 7 15 31

Versio
Type Reserved Checksum
n
 Version
 The version filed indicates the version information. It is 2
at present.
 Type
 0: Hello
 3: Join/Prune
 5: Assert
 6: Graft
 7: Graft response

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PIM-DM Basic Configuration
RTB RTC
IGMP

S0/0
PC1
S1/0 PIM-DM
S0/1
RTD RTE
RTA
Source
IGMP
PC2
[RTA]multicast routing-enable
[RTA]interface Serial0/0
[RTA-Serial0/0]pim dm
[RTA]interface Serial0/1
[RTA-Serial0/1]pim dm
[RTA]interface Serial1/0
[RTA-Serial1/0]pim dm

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 Contents
1. PIM-DM Overview and Configuration

2. PIM-DM Protocol Mechanism

3. PIM-DM Configuration Verification

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Neighbor Discovery Hello Message
RTB RTC

Hello
PIM-DM PIM-DM
Hello

RTB RTC
Hello

Hello

The router with highest

priority or biggest IP IGMPv1 PC1
address will become
DR.

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 Construct SPT — Flooding
Receiver

Multicast source

multicast packet Every router in the

network will create
(S, G) items

Receiver

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Construct SPT — Prune
Receiver

Multicast source

There is no multicast
Multicast packet member on down-stream
node, it will send Prune
Prune message message to up-stream
node

Receiver

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 SPT Establishment

multicast packet

Multicast source

Every router in the

network will hold the
(S, G) item
Note: flooding-prune
periodically! Repeat the
operation for every 3 minutes.
Receiver

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Graft Mechanism
Receiver

Multicast source

Multicast packet

Graft message
Receiver

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 New SPT

Multicast source

Multicast packet

Receiver

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RPF Detection

Source
151.10.3.21

RPF detection fails!

Packet is received from
wrong interface!
Multicast packet

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Assert Mechanism

Router A Router B Router C

Ethernet

SPT Router D

Receiver
Assert

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PIM-DM Protocol Mechanism

 PIM-DM working process:

 Neighbor discover

 Flooding

 Pruning

 Graft

 Assert mechanism

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 Contents
1. PIM-DM Overview and Configuration

2. PIM-DM Protocol Mechanism

3. PIM-DM Configuration Verification

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Display PIM-DM Multicast
Routing Table RTB

E0/0 E0/1

E0/0
PC1
E1/0 IGMP
PIM-DM
E1/0
RTC RTE
RTA
Source E0/0 E0/1

[RTC]display pim routing-table PC2

PIM-DM Routing Table
Total 1 (S,G) entry
(192.168.1.2, 224.1.1.1)
Protocol 0x40: PIMDM, Flag 0x4: SPT
Uptime: 00: 05: 54, Timeout in 204 sec
Upstream interface: Ethernet0/0, RPF neighbor: 10.2.2.1
Downstream interface list:
MP NBR, never timeout
Matched 1 (S,G) entry

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Display PIM Neighbor
RTB

E0/0 E0/1

E0/0
PC1
E1/0 IGMP
PIM-DM
E1/0
RTC RTE
RTA
Source E0/0 E0/1

PC2
<RTC>display pim neighbor
Neighbor's Address Interface Name Uptime Expires
10.2.2.1 Ethernet0/0 00: 17: 15 00:
01: 34
172.16.1.1 Ethernet0/1 00: 17: 11 00:
01: 39

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Display PIM Interface Configuration
[RTC]display pim interface
PIM information of interface Ethernet0/0:
IP address of the interface is 10.2.2.2
PIM is enabled
PIM version is 2
PIM mode is Dense
PIM query interval is 30 seconds
PIM neighbor limit is 128
PIM neighbor policy is none
Total 1 PIR (designated router) is 10.2.2.2
PIM information of interface Ethernet0/1:
IP address of the interface is 172.16.1.3
PIM is enabled
PIM version is 2
PIM mode is Dense
PIM query interval is 30 seconds
PIM neighbor limit is 1e
Total 1 PIM neighbor on interface
PIM DR (designated router) is 172.16.1.3

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 Questions
 What is the principle of PIM-DM?

 What is the function of graft in PIM-DM?

 What is the function of assert in PIM-DM?

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Thank you
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