Problems - Timber & Construction: Situation: Problem 1 To 3 (May 2000)

Part 6 – Structural Timber Formulas
& Construction Principles

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Problems – Timber & Construction
Set 19
Situation: Problem 1 to 3 (May 2000)
Given the following data for a building to be constructed:
Problem 1 
Which of the following gives the critical path of the project:
A. a-c-i-m-n C. a-b-d-f-j-k-m-n
B. a-b-d-g-l-n D. a-b-d-g-k-m-n
Problem 2 
Which of the following gives the duration of the project in weeks.
A. 65 C. 72
B. 63 D. 59
Problem 3 
Which of the following gives the earliest start of activity m in weeks:
A. 39 C. 31
B. 45 D. 57
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Situation: Problem 4 to 6
Using the information given below:
Problem 4 
Which of the following gives the normal duration of the project.
A. 15 C. 19
B. 17 D. 21
Problem 5 
Which of the following gives the normal cost of the project.
A. P12,750 C. P10,760
B. P13,850 D. P15,550
Problem 6 
Which of the following gives the least cost of completing the jb in the least possible time.
A. P15,200 C. P13,100
B. P14,100 D. P16,200
Situation: Problem 7 to 9 (CE November 2000)

A project has been bid out by the Department of Public Works and Highways. The approved
agency estimate (AAE) is 500 million pesos. The results of responsive bids are as follows:
Bidder A – P550,234,451.98
Bidder B – P610,345,763.12
Bidder C – P454,218,557.98
Bidder D – P389,122,897.44
Bidder E – P284,758,426.54
The implementing rules and regulations of P.D. 1594 states that no award of contract shall be
made to a bidder whose bid price is higher than the allowable government estimate (AGE) or
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the Approved Agency Estimate (AAE), whichever is higher, or lower than 70% of the AGE. The
AGE is defined as one half the sum of the AAE and the average of all responsive bids. for the
purposes of determining the average of responsive bids, bids higher than 120% of the AAE or
lower than 60% of the AAE shall not be considered. No negotiation will be allowed to bring down
the bid to the level of the AAE/AGE.
Problem 7 
Which of the following gives the responsive bidders for the project.
A. Bidders A,C,D, and E only C. Bidders A, C, and D only
B. Bidders A, B, C, and D only D. Bidders C and D only
Problem 8 
Which of the following most nearly gives the average of all the responsive bids in pesos.
A. P489,356,200.00 C. P443,978,100.00
B. P501,789,600.00 D. P464,525,300.00
Problem 9 
Which of the following most nearly gives the value of the approved government estimate (AGE)
in pesos.
A. P482,262,700.00 C. P476,456,200.00
B. P501,789,900.00 D. P456,332,100.00

Bidder A – P550,234,451.98
Bidder B – P610,345,763.12
Bidder C – P454,218,557.98
Bidder D – P389,122,897.44
Bidder E – P284,758,426.54
made to a bidder whose bid price is higher than the allowable government estimate (AGE) or
AGE is defined as one half the sum of the AAE and the average of all responsive bids. for the
purposes of determining the average of responsive bids, bids higher than 120% of the AAE or
lower than 60% of the AAE shall not be considered. No negotiation will be allowed to bring down
the bid to the level of the AAE/AGE.
Problem 10 
Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum bid price for the project in pesos.
A. P500,000,000 C. P550,000,000
B. P600,000,000 D. P650,000,000
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Problem 11 
Which of the following most nearly gives the minimum bid price for the project in pesos.
A. P350,000,000 C. P300,000,000
B. P250,000,000 D. P400,000,000
Problem 12 
Which of the following gives the bidder to which the award can be made.
A. Bidder D C. Bidder A
B. Bidder C D. Bidder E
Situation: Problem 13 to 15 (May 2000)

The implementing rules and regulations of P.D. 1594 states that foe a unit price contract,
quantity overruns or under runs of not more than fifteen percent (15%) of the estimates per
major pay item (i.e. pay item which represents at least 20% of the total estimated cost of the
contract) and twenty-five percent (25%) per minor pay item in the bill of quantities need not be
covered by a Change Order provided that the same is authorized by the Approving Authority for
the contract. The quantities and contract prices for a project are as follows:
Quantity Unit Price (pesos)
Item 1 100 1,000
Item 2 200 600
Item 3 500 100
Item 4 250 400
Item 5 150 700
Problem 13 
Which of the following most nearly gives the total contract price of the project:
A. P475000 C. P5600
B. P2800 D. P550000
Problem 14 
Which of the following is not considered as a major pay item of the project.
A. Item 4 C. Item 3
B. Item 2 D. Item 5
Problem 15 
Which of the following may not be covered by a Change Order:
A. Decrese in quantity from 200 to 150 for Item 2.
B. Decrese in quantity from 250 to 160 for Item 4.
C. Increase in quantity from 150 to 200 for Item 5.
D. Increase in quantity from 500 to 600 for Item 3.
The implementing rules and regulations of P.D. 1594 states that for unit price contract, quantity
overruns and underruns of not more than fifteen percent (15%) of the estimates per major pay
item (i.i. pay item which represents at least 20% of the total estimated cost of the contract) and
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twenty-five percent (25%) per minor pay item in the bill of quantities need not be covered by a
Change Order provided that the same is authorized by the Approving Authority for the contract.
The quantities unit prices, and approved agency estimates (AAE) of aproject are given as
follows:
Quantity Unit Price AAE
Item 1 120 P80.00 P100.00
Item 2 50 2,500.00 2,400.00
Item 3 600 150.00 150.00
Item 4 80 900.00 1,000.00
Item 5 800 45.00 150.00
Item 6 500 90.00 80.00
Item 7 25 1,100.00 1,200.00
Item 8 3,500 18.00 20.00
Problem 16 
Which of the following most nearly gives the Approved Agency Estimate (AAE) of the project.
A. P460,000 C. P480,000
B. P500,000 D. P490,000
Problem 17 
Which of the following items are considered as major pay items.
A. Items 2, 3, 4, and 8 only C. Items 2, 3, and 4 only
B. Items 2, and 3 only D. Item 1 only
Problem 18 
Which of the following should be covered by a change order.
A. Increase in item 1 from 120 to 135
B. Decrease in item 3 from 600 to 500
C. Decrease in item 2 from 50 to 45
D. Increase in item 8 from 3500 to 4300
Problem 19 (CE November 1997)
Bidder A – P354, 368,183.35 Bidder D – P583, 584,369.64
Bidder B – P639, 748,264.45 Bidder E – P295, 638,824.53
Bidder C – P483, 592,536.94 Bidder F – P385, 392,503.81
made to a bidder whose bid price is higher than the allowable government estimate (AGE) of
allowable government estimate (AGE) is defined as one half the sum of the AAE and the
average of all responsive bids. for the purposes of determining the average of responsive bids,
bids higher than 120% od the AAE or lower than 60% of the AAE shall not be considered.
Which of the following gives the bidder to which award can be made:
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A. Bidder F C. Bidder E
B. Bidder A D. Failure of Bid
Problem 20(CE November 1997)
The implementing rules and regulations of P.D. 1594 states that for a unit price contract,
quantity overruns or under runs of not more than 15% of the estimates per major pay item and
25% per minor item need not be covered by a Change Order provided that the same is
authorized by the approving authority of the contract. The quantities and contract prices of a
project are as follows:
Quantity Unit Price (Pesos)
Item 1 100 1,000
Item 2 50 10,000
Item 3 500 5,000
Item 4 60 6,000
Item 5 1,000 3,000
Item 6 400 1,500
Item 7 3,000 2,000
Item 8 20 25,000
Which of the following need not be covered by a change order:
A. Decrease in quantity from 50 to 37 for Item 2
B. Decrease in quantity from 1,000 to 650 for Item 5
C. Increase in quantity from 500 to 625 for Item 3
D. Increase in quantity from 20 to 25 for Item 8
Problem 21 (CE November 1997)
According to the Implementing Rules and regulations of P.D. 1594, to insure the transparency of
the bidding process representatives from the private sector may be members of the
Prequalification, Bid and award Committee (PBAC) of a government office/agency/corporation.
One is representative from a contractor’s association duly recognized by the Construction
Industry Authority of the Philippines and another from any of the following: End-user froup or
non-government organization to be designated by the head of the office/agency/orporation or
association of certified public accountants or civil engineers duly recognized by the Professional
Regulation Commission. Which of the following is not authorized to be a member of the PBAC:
A. Representative of road Engineering Asso. Of the Philippines
B. Representative of the Philippine Contractors Association
C. Representative of Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers
D. Representativeof Philippine Institute of Certified Public Accountants
A concrete column and footing is shown in figure ES-02. It is desired to estimate the required
amount of concrete, forms, and excavation for its construction. As a usual practice, the footing
can be poured directly without any forms.
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Problem 22 
Which of the following most nearly gives
the required volume of excavation in cubic
meters?
A. 10
B. 15
C.
D. 12
E. 10
Problem 23 
Which of the following most nearly gives
the required volume of concrete in cubic
meters?
A. 4.3
B. 4.8
C. 4.6
D. 4.1
Problem 24 
Which of the following most nearly gives the required area of plywood needed for the
column?
A. 7.52 m2 C. 8.11 m2
B. 6.12 m2 D. 5.85 m2
Situation: Problem 25 to 27 (CE May 1998)
A piece of equipment was purchased for P4,000,000. The useful life is estimated at 5
years with no salvage value. The equipment is estimated to be used 1,000 hours every
year. Maintenance and repair are estimated to be 100% of the annual straight-line
depreciation. Fuel consumption is estimated at 10 liters per hour. Fuel cost is P10 per
liter. Oil consumption is estimated at 1 liter per hour. Oil cost is P20 per liter. Grease
consumption is 2 liters per hour. Great cost is P5 per liter. The equipment uses 6 tires
costing P60,000 each. The estimated life of the tires is 4,000 hours. Cost of money is
15% per year. Cost of insurance, taxes, storage, etc. is 15% per year. The Interest table
relevant to this problem is given as Figure CO – 4.
Problem 25 
Which of the following most nearly gives the cost of using the equipment, in pesos per
hour.
A. 1,700 C. 2,400
B. 3,300 D. 1,200
Problem 26 
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Which of the following nearly gives the cost of using the tires, in pesos per hour:
A. 330 C. 120
B. 240 D. 170
Problem 27 
Which of the folloing most nearly give the cost of using the equipment and tires, in pesos per
hour.
A. 2,700 C. 1,900
B. 1,500 D. 3,500
Problem 28 (CE May 1995)
A 1.0 m3 design mix was proportional at 1:2 ¼:3 ¼. Water content was specified at 137 kg. per
cubic meter, and cement content is 9 bags per cubic meter (40 kg per bag of cement). The
specific gravity of cement is 3.15 and that of the fine sand 2.65 and coarse aggregate is 2.68.
the requirement in kilogram of fine sand perm3 is:
A. 965 C. 954
B. 1134 D. 681
A concrete mixture is specified as 1:2:4 by loose volume with 6 gal of water per sack of cement.
It is required to produce 20 m3 of concrete. Use the following data of cement, sand, and stone,
respectively: percent solid, 48.5, 62, and 64; specific gravity, 3.10, 2.62, and 2.66.
Problem 29 
Which of the following most nearly gives the required of bags of cement.
A. 160 C. 140
B. 120 D. 130
Problem 30 
Which of the following most nearly gives the required weight of gravel in kilograms.
A. 26800 C. 22400
B. 28500 D. 32500
Problem 31 
Which of the following most nearly gives the density of concrete in kg/m3.
A. 2630 C. 2960
B. 2170 D. 2430
Situation 9 – As the engineer on a large project you have observed, and sampled, concrete
operations for about one month. During this period, test cylinders have been taken from each
pour for quality control. The test cylinders are 6” x 12”. The specifications for the job call for a
Class “B” mix with a maximum compressive strength of 3000 psi at 28 days.
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The results of 125 compressive test are tabulated in the following table:
Problem 32 
Which of the following most nearly gives the mean value of the test in psi.
A. 3290 C. 3380
B. 3140 D. 3410
Problem 33 
Which of the following most nearly gives the median value.
A. 3200 C. 3300
B. 3100 D. 3400
Problem 34 
Which of the following most nearly gives the standard deviation of the tests. Use the value of the
mean value obtained in the first question, rounded-off to the nearest 10 psi.
A. 192 C. 196
B. 175 D. 183
A bill of quantities is to be prepared for the isolated column footing shoen in Figure 08. Unit
weight of steel is 7860 kg/m3. Minimum concrete cover for reinforcement is 100 mm.
Problem 35 
Which of the following most nearly gives the unit weight of the 16-mm-diameter reinforcing bar,
in kg/m.
A. 2.57 C. 3.24
B. 0.96 D. 1.58
Problem 36 
26. which of the following most nearly gives the quantity of 16-mm-diameter bars in meters.
A. 19.9 C. 32.4
B. 24.5 D. 14.7
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Problem 37
Which of the following

most nearly gives the quantity of
16-mm-diameter bars in kg.
A. 31.4
B. 47.5
C. 24.8
D. 18.6
Situation Problem 38 to 40 (CE November 2003)

Situation 10 – Government construction contracts are governed by Presidential decree
1594 which prescribes that change orders are limited to 25% of the original contract
price provided that no major pay item shall be increased by more than 100%
Of its original cost. Major items is defined as pay items representing at least 20% of the
or specified in the Institution to Bidders. For this problem, the AAE of a certain
government project is 15 million pesos.
Problem 38
Which of the following most nearly gives the amount at which an items becomes a
Major item?
A. P4million C. P6million
B. P5million D. P3million
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Problem 39
A certain major items has an original quantity of 4,000 units. The winning bidder
bid a unit price of P1,000 for this item. If the only change involves this item,
which of the following most nearly gives the maximum amount of the Change
order?
A. P5million C. P4million
B. P3million D. P6million
Problem 40
Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum increase in quantity of
The item if the unit price is unchanged?
A. 4,000 C. 3,000
B. 5,000 D. 6,000
For government projects, bidding is governed by Presidential Decree No.1594
which states that for purposes of determining the average of responsive bids,
bids higher than 120% of the AAE or lower than 60% of the AAE shall not be
considered.
The approved agency estimate (AAE) of the government project is P280,000,000
The results of the bidding are as follows:
Bidder A – P 321,000,000
Bidder B – P 337,000,000
Bidder C – P 374,000,000
Bidder D – P 300,000,000
Bidder E – P 294,000,000
Problem 41
Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum bid, in millions of pesos,
That can be considered a responsive bid:
A. 370 C. 283
B. 336 D. 235
Problem 42
Which of the following most nearly gives the minimum bid, in millions of pesos,
that can be considered a responsive bid:
A. 235 C. 80
B. 302 D. 168
Problem 43
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Which of the following gives the complete list of the responsive bids:
A. Bidders A,C,D C. Bidders A,B,D
B. Bidders B,C,E D. Bidders A,D,E
The following are the activities for the construction of a residential house,
gving the nodes of the Network Diagram/CPM, time duration and cost (in pesos)
for a normal and an accelerated program:
0-1 A Earthwork 4 6,000 3 6,800

1-2 B Concrete Works 10 22,000 8 24,200
1-3 C Rough-in Work 3 8,000 3 8,000
3-2 D Mansory Work 5 9,600 3 12,000
2-4 E Roofing Work 3 6,000 3 6,500
2-5 F Interior Carpentry 8 10,000 6 15,000
2-6 G Doors &Windows 6 10,000 5 12,000
5-4 H Electrical Work 5 4,000 4 4,900
4-7 I Ceiling Works 4 2,400 4 2,400
7-8 J Painting Works 8 4,800 6 7,600
6-8 K Plumbing fixtures Installation 5 15,000 4 16,800
8-9 L Architectural Finishes 2 2,000 2 2,000
Problem 44
Which of the following gives the critical path of the project:
A. A-B-E-I-J-L C. A-B-G-K-L
B. A-B-F-H-I-J-L D. A-C-D-E-G-K-L
Problem 45
Which of the following activities is the most cost effective in converting to the
accelerated program:
A. Activity A C. Activity B
B. Activity H D. Activity J
Problem 46
If the budget for the project is P103,700, which of the following gives the reduction
In the number of days to complete the project, compared to the normal program:
A. 6 C. 4
B. 3 D. 5
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Solution: Problem 47 to 49 (CE November 2002, similar to May 2002)

The activities, duration, and cost under normal and accelerated conditions
for a network diagram are shown in the accompanying table.
Problem 47
Which of the following gives the critical path of the network.
A. B-C-E-F C. C-D-E-F
B. A-C-E-F D. B-E-F
Problem 48
Which of the following is the activity that is most cost efficient in converting to the
Accelerated program:
A. Activity C C. Activity A
B. Activity F D. Activity E
Problem 49
If the maximum budget is P22,600.00, which of the following most nearly gives
The reduction in the number of days to complete the project:
A. 4 C. 5
B. 7 D. 6
0-1 A Clearing and Grabbing 5 1,000 3 1,600

0-2 B Procurement of pipe/other 5 3,000 4 4,000
materials
1-2 C Roadway and drainage 7 2,000 5 2,500
excavation
0-3 D Delivery of base course 3 12,000 2 12,000
2-3 E Excavate, lay pipe and backfill 4 1,000 3 1,500
3-4 F Spread and compact base 5 2,000 3 2,800
course
A certain equipment has a first cost of P900,000, life of 8years, and
a salvage value of P200,000.
Problem 50
Which of the following gives the book value of equipment afer 5 years using the
Straight- line method.
A. P421,800.00 C. P345,800.00
B. P462,500.00 D. P498,200.00
Problem 51
Which of the following gives the book value of the equipment after 5 years using
the sum-of-the-years-digit method.
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A. P389,325.00 C. P267,329.00
B. P412,345.00 D. P316,667.00
Problem 52
Which of the following gives the book value of the equipment after 5years using
The double declining balance method.
A. P325,982.00 C. P253,235.00
B. P245,389.00 D. P213,574.22
Situation Problem 53 to 55 (CE May 2002)
Three alternative pipe systems are under consideration. Each has been designed to
meet the project specifications. The installation, annual maintenance, & hourly operating
Cost are summarized in the ff table. Each pipe system is to be used for 500hrs per year
and has a project life of 10years and then will become valueless. Use interest rate of
15%.
Pipe system → 100-mm pipe 150-mm pipe 250-mm pipe

Installation Cost P 800,000.00 P 1,200,000.00 P1,600,000.00
Annual 136,000.00 88,000.00 280,000.00
Maintenance
Operation cost 480.00 360.00 280.00
Per hour
Problem 53
Which of the following gives the capitalized cost of the 150-mm pipe.
A. P2,856,452.00 C. P3,380,683.00
B. P3,107,524.00 D. P3,654,452.00
Problem 54
Which of the following gives the annual cost of the 100-mm pipe.
A. P475,205.00 C. P589,452.00
B. P452,478.00 D. P535,403.00
Problem 55
Which of the following gives pipe systems is the most economical
A. 100-mm pipe C. 250-mm pipe
B. 150-mm pipe D. Not enough data
In order to meet local legislation, an oil company must install anti pollution equipment in
a new refinery. Two types are being considered. The investment and annual operating
costs of these types are as follows:
Type A Type B
Investment P 760,000 P1,600,00020
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Life in years 10 20
Annual power P68,000 P126,000
Annual Labor P45,000 P50,000
Annual Maintenance P600,000 P370,000
Annual Taxes & Insurance P15,000 P28,000
Assume a return of 20% of its capital is expected. No salvage value
either type.
Problem 56
Which of the following gives the capitalized cost of Type A.
A. P4,329,349.3 C. P4,546,386.5
B. P5,125,987.7 D. P4,786,234.9
Problem 57
Which of the following gives the annual cost of Type B.
A. P978,345.78 C. P1,123,987.32
B. P902,570.45 D. P876,983.24
Problem 58
Which of the following statements is true for the two types:
A. Type A is more economical than Type B
B. Type A is as economical as Type B
C. Either types cannot be evaluated because there is no salvage value
D. Type B is more economical than Type A
The activities, duration, and normal cost of a project is given in the ff table:
Activity Duration Immediately Normal Cost
(days) Follows (Pesos)
Activity
A 4 12,500
B 4 A 10,600
C 4 A 8,300
D 5 A 14,200
E 5 D 16,200
F 3 B 7,400
G 9 C,D 18,400
H 3 E 8,200
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I 5 F 13,200
J 6 G,H,I 11,100
Problem 59
Which of the following gives the normal cost of the project.
A. P110,000.00 C. P120,100.00
B. P130,000.00 D. P125,000.00
Problem 60
Which of the following gives the critical path
A. A-C-G-J C. A-B-F-I-J
B. A-D-G-J D. A-D-E-H-J
Problem 61
Which of the following gives the project duration.
A. 24 C. 18
B. 28 D. 21
A project has been bid out by the Department of Public Works and Highways. The
approved agency estimate (AAE.) is P425M. The results of the responsive bids are as
follows.
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Bidder A – P410M Bidder E – 520M

Bidder B – 370M Bidder F – 285M
Bidder C – 495M Bidder G – 250M
Bidder D – 390M
The implementing rules and regulations of P.D. 1594 states that no reward of contract
shall be made to a bidder whose bid price is higher than the allowable government
estimate (AGE) or the Approved Agency Estimate (AAE), whichever is higher , or lower
than 70% of the AGE. The allowable government estimate (AGE) is define as one half
the sum of the AAE and the average of all responsive bids. For the purposes of
determining the average of responsive bids, bids higher than 120% of the AAE or lower
than 60% of the AAE shall not be considered. No negotiation will be allowed to bring
down the bid to the level of the AAE/AGE.
Problem 62
Which of the following are not considered as responsive bidders:
A. Bidders E and G C. Bidders F and G
B. Bidders E and C D. Bidders B and E
Problem 63
Which of the following most nearly gives the value of the Approved Government
Estimate (AGE) in millions of pesos.
A. 450 C. 407.5
B. 453.5 D. 510
Problem 64
Which of the following gives the bidder to which the award can be made.
A. Bidder G C. Bidder F
B. Bidder B D. Bidder C
The implementing rules and regulations of P.D. 1594 states that for a unit price contract,
quantity overruns or underruns of not more than fifteen percent (15%) of the estimates
per major per item (i.e. pay item which represents at least 20% of the total estimated
cost of the contract) and twenty-five percent (25%) per minor pay item in the bill of
quantities need not be covered by a Change Order provided that the same is authorized
by the Approving Authority for the contract.
The quantities and contract prices for a project are as follows:
Quantity Unit Price (pesos)
Item 01 500 450.00
Item 02 410 380.00
Item 03 350 520.00
Item 04 600 390.00
Item 05 120 650.00
Item 06 430 300.00
Item 07 160 750.00
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Problem 65
Which of the following gives the total contract price of the project.
A. P3,440 C. P1,450,210
B. P1,123,800.00 D. P856,630
Problem 66
Which of the following gives the minimum price of an item in order for it to qualify as a
major pay item.
A. P224,760 C. P210,860
B. P235,870 D. P258,740
Problem 67
Which of the following is considered as a major pay item.
A. Item 1,4 and 3 C. Item 4
B. Item 1, 4, 3, and 2 D. Items 1 and 4

The labor and material cost for a riprapping work is as follows:
Labor:
1 Foreman @ P50.00 per hour
1 Skilled worker @ P40.00 per hour
5 Unskilled workers @ P35.00 per hour
Materials (For every 1 cu. m. volume)

Portland cement = 3 bags @ P150.00 per bag
Sand = 0.25 cu. m. @ P300.00 per cu. m.
Boulder = 1 cu. m. @ P250.00 per cu. m.
The accomplishment of the above laborers is 0.45 cubic meter per hour. Profit,
overhead, and miscellaneous expenses is 30% of the labor and material cost. Value
Added Tax (VAT) is 10% of the labor cost.
Problem 68
Which of the following gives the labor cost per cubic meter.
A. P265.00 C. P678.00
B. P589.00 D. P521.00
Problem 69
Which of the following gives the cost of materials per cubic meter.
A. P565.00 C. P775.00
B. P865.00 D. P655.00
Problem 70
Which of the following gives the total cost of riprapping per cubic meter.
A. P1,832.00 C. P1,982.00
B. P1,754.00 D. P1,635.00
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Situation 1 – The implementing rules of PD 1594 defines an unbalanced bid as a bid
containing one or more pay items that are 30% higher than the unit allowable
government estimate (AGE) in respect to major items whereas other pay items are
priced lower than the unit of AGE. AGE is defined as one-half the sum of the AAE and
the average of all responsive bids. For purposes of determining the average of all
responsive bids, bids higher than 120% of the AAE or lower than 60% of the AAE shall
not be considered. Major items are defined as pay items representing at least 20% of
the AAE or those indicated or specified in the instruction to bidders. The responsive bids
for a government project 8 bid items are as follows (all cost figures are in thousand of
pesos):
Qty AAE Bid A Bid B Bid C

Item 1 100 1,000 1,000 500 800
Item 2 100 20,000 27,000 16,00 19,000
Item 3 500 5,000 4,000 3,000 5,000
Item 4 60 6,000 5,000 6,000 5,000
Item 5 1,000 3,000 2,000 2,500 3,000
Item 6 400 1,600 2,000 1,500 1,200
Item 7 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,500 2,500
Item 8 20 25,000 24,000 12,000 33,000
Problem 71
Which of the following most nearly gives the amount, in thousand of pesos, above which
an item becomes a major item?
A. P13,550 C. P11,520
B. P12,920 D. P14,650
Problem 71
Which of the following give the complete list of major item?
A. Items 2 and 8 C. Items 2, 4, and 8
B. Item 8 D. Items 2, 3, 4, and 8
Problem 73
Which if the following gives the complete list of unbalanced bids?
A. Bid B C. Bids A, B, and C
B. Bid A and C D. Bids B and C
Situation 2 – For a given project. It is estimated that 4 m of 610-mm-diameter reinforced
concrete pipe can be installed in one hour using the following equipment and labor:
Rate per hour
1 backhoe……………………….P 800.00
1 plate compactor………………P 120.00
1 foreman………………………..P 50.00
2 skilled laborers………………..P 40.00
10 unskilled laborers…………...P 35.00
____________________________________________________________________________
The pipe cost P570.00 per meter. For every meter of pipe, the following materials are
required:
0.07 bag of portland cement @ P130.00 per bag
0.15 cu. m. of sand @ P300.00 per cu. m.
Value added tax is 10% of the cost of equipment and labor. Profit, overhead,
contingency, miscellaneous, and insurance is 30% of the cost of equipment, labor, and
materials.
Problem 74
Which of the following most nearly gives the cost of labor and equipment per meter, in
pesos?
A. 587 C. 350
B. 428 D. 295
Problem 75
Which of the following most nearly gives the cost materials per meter, in pesos?
A. 915 C. 534
B. 863 D. 624
Problem 76
Which of the following most nearly gives the unit price for installing the pipe per meter,
in pesos?
A. 1,230 C. 1,650
B. 1,510 D. 1,300

A simply supported timber beam has a span of 6 m long and carries a uniformly
distributed load of 25 kN/m over its entire span. This load already includes an allowance
for beam weight. The timber is 80% stress grade Apitong. The allowable deflection is
1/240 of the span. The properties of Philippine woods are given in Table 4-3.
Problem 77
Which of the following gives the smallest dimension of the beam such that the allowable
shear stress is not exceeded:
A. 220 mm x 440 mm C. 250 mm x 500 mm
B. 150 mm x 300 mm D. 200 mm x 400 mm
Problem 78
bending stress is not exceeded:
A. 220 mm x 440 mm C. 250 mm x 500 mm
B. 150 mm x 300 mm D. 200 mm x 400 mm
Problem 79
deflection is not exceeded:
____________________________________________________________________________
A. 220 mm x 440 mm C. 250 mm x 500 mm

B. 150 mm x 300 mm D. 200 mm x 400 mm

Situation 5 – A square timber column with dimension B = 150 millimeters has height of
3.60 meters. The column is fixed at both ends (effective length factor = 0.67). the timber
is 80% stress grade Apitong. The properties of structural timber of Philippine woods are
given in Table 4-3. The provisions of the 1992 Natural Structural Code of the Philippines
relevant to this problem is as follows:
The effective length Le shall be used in design formulas given in this section.
Actual length shall be multiplied by the appropriate effective length factor to
determine the effective length Le.
Allowable unit stresses of cross-sectional area of square or rectangular solid

columns shall be determined by the following formulas, but such unit stresses
shall not exceed the values for compression parallel to grain F c.
Short columns (Le/D of 11 or less):
F’c = Fc
Intermediate columns (Le/D greater than 11 but less than K):
F ' c =F c ¿ where K = 0.671√ E/ F c

Long columns (Le/ D of K or greater but less than 50):
0.30 E
F’c =
¿¿
Le/D shall not exceed 50.
Problem 80
Which of the following gives the classification of this column:
A. Long C. Intermediate
B. Short D. Not allowed by 1992 NSCP
Problem 81
Which of the following most nearly gives the allowable stress compressive stress, in
MegaPascals:
A. 8.19 C. 6.46
B. 7.76 D. 9.22
Problem 82
Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum compressive load, in
kiloNewtons:
A. 265 C. 438
B. 382 D. 9.22
____________________________________________________________________________
Situation # - A timber with an unsupported length of 5 m is shown in Figure TD-14. The
beam cross-section is 150 mm x 300 mm. the beam is 80% stress grade Yakal have the
following properties:
Bending and tension parallel to grain = 24.5 MPa
Modulus of elasticity in bending = 9.78 x 103 MPa
Compression parallel to grain = 15.8 MPa
Compression perpendicular to grain = 6.27 MPa
Shear parallel to grain = 2.49 MPa
Use the provisions of 2001 NSCP for bending.
Problem 83
Which of the following most nearly gives the value of the effective length of beam ,in
millimeters:
A. 9100 C. 9000
B. 9200 D. 7500
Problem 84
Which of the following most nearly gives the allowable bending stress in MegaPascals:
A. 22.7 C. 26.3
B. 19.6 D. 20.8
Problem 85
Which of the following most nearly gives the safe value of the uniform load w in kN/m
A. 16.3 C. 25.4
B. 19.6 D. 37.5
A laminated beam is composed of three planks, each 150 mm by 60 mm, glued
together to form a section 150 mm wide by 180 mm high. The allowable shear stress in
the glue is 0.6 MPa, the allowable shear stress in the wood is 0.9 MPa, and the
allowable flexural stress in the wood is 8 MPa. Span length is 2m, simple span.
Problem 86
Which of the following most nearly give the uniformly distributed load the beam can
carry without exceeding the allowable flexural stress, in kN/m
A. 10.58 C. 16.2
B. 12.15 D. 12.96
____________________________________________________________________________

Problems - Timber & Construction: Situation: Problem 1 To 3 (May 2000)

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Part 6 – Structural Timber Formulas

& Construction Principles

Problems – Timber & Construction

Situation: Problem 7 to 9 (CE November 2000)

Situation: Problem 10 to 12 (CE November 2000)

Situation: Problem 13 to 15 (May 2000)

Which of the following

Situation Problem 38 to 40 (CE November 2003)

0-1 A Earthwork 4 6,000 3 6,800

Solution: Problem 47 to 49 (CE November 2002, similar to May 2002)

0-1 A Clearing and Grabbing 5 1,000 3 1,600

Pipe system → 100-mm pipe 150-mm pipe 250-mm pipe

Bidder A – P410M Bidder E – 520M

Situation: Problem 68 to 70 (CE November 2001)

Materials (For every 1 cu. m. volume)

Situation: Problem 71 to 73 (CE May 2004)

Qty AAE Bid A Bid B Bid C

Situation: Problem 77 to 79 (CE November 2003)

A. 220 mm x 440 mm C. 250 mm x 500 mm

Situation: Problem 80 to 82 (CE May 2003)

Allowable unit stresses of cross-sectional area of square or rectangular solid

F ' c =F c ¿ where K = 0.671√ E/ F c

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