7saunders 8TH

Test-Taking
Strategy: Note the subject, medication calculations. Review the label for the
correct reconstitution, which states 200 mg in 5 mL. Calculate the prescribed number of
milligrams per milliliter. Use a calculator to verify the answer and make sure that the answer
makes sense.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
Integrated Process: Nursing Process—Implementation
Content Area: Skills: Dosage Calculations
Health Problem: N/A
Priority Concepts: Clinical Judgment; Safety
Reference: Potter et al. (2017), pp. 978-979.
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Index
Note: Page numbers followed by f indicate figures, t indicate tables, and b indicate boxes.
Abacavir 912
Abacavir/lamivudine 912
Abbreviations, common measurement 502b
ABCs
physiological integrity questions and 33
prioritizing nursing actions and 29, 30b, 83b
in triage 86
Abdomen
assessment of 161–162
in newborn 343
wall defects of 414–415
Abdominal aneurysm resection, positioning clients in 211–212
Abdominal aortic aneurysm 725
resection of 725–726, 726f
Abdominal girth, measurement in cirrhosis 633f
Abdominal pain, in rheumatic fever 454f

Abducens nerve 163–164t
Abduction
child 969–970
of newborn 347, 347b
ABGs See Arterial blood gases (ABGs)
Abnormal thought processes
in dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease 948
in schizophrenia 942–943, 942b
Abnormality, determination of 33b
ABO typing 272
Abortion 281, 282b, 334
Abruptio placentae 292–293, 293f
Absence seizure 840b
Absorptiometry, dual-energy x-ray 871
Abuse
assessment questions for 969b
child 970–971, 970b
further questions related to 43b
older adult 252, 971–972, 972b
victims of, care for 49
Abusive behaviors 967–968
Accelerations, in fetal heart rate 307–308
Acceptance, pregnancy and 269
Access to resources, further questions based on 43b
Accessory muscles of respiration 659
Accidents, older client and 172, 172b
Accommodation
in conflict resolution 79
ocular, assessment of 154b
Accountability 74–75
Acculturation 51–52
Acetabular dysplasia, developmental dysplasia of hip 478b
Acetaminophen 126, 860b, 861
poisoning, in children 419
Acetylcholine 869
Acetylsalicylic acid 126
side and adverse effects of 126b
Acid-base balance 110–119, 111f
arterial blood gases and 114–116, 115t, 116b
compensation in 116
hydrogen ions, acids, and bases in 110
metabolic acidosis and 113t, 114, 114b
metabolic alkalosis and 113t, 114, 114b
regulatory systems for 110–111, 111–112f

respiratory acidosis and 111–112, 112b, 113t
respiratory alkalosis and 112–113, 113b, 113t
Acidity, homeostasis of 757
Acidosis
kidneys and 111
metabolic 113t, 114–115, 114b, 115t
metabolic, with chronic kidney disease 765
potassium response to 111, 112f
respiratory 111–112, 112b, 113t, 115, 115t
role of lungs in 111
Acids 110
Acinus 658
Acitretin 523–524, 523b
Acne products 524–526, 524b, 525f
Acne vulgaris 514
Acoustic nerve 163–164t
Acoustic neuroma 812
Acquaintance rape 972
Acquired immunity 898
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) 904–905, 906b
in children 487, 488b, 488f
medications for 912–913, 913b
in pregnancy 286–287
Acrocyanosis, in newborn 342, 342f
Acromegaly 581
Actinic keratosis 522, 522b
Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) 129
heparin administration and 737
Active phase, of labor 309, 309t
Active transport 95
Activity intolerance, with chronic kidney disease 763
Acute kidney injury (AKI) 761–762, 761–762b
Acute lymphocytic leukemia 387
Acute pancreatitis 637
Acute respiratory distress syndrome 664, 1043
Acute respiratory failure 663–664, 1042
Acute/transient pain 124
Acyclovir 291
Adalimumab 893
Adam’s test 480
Adapalene 525
Addicted newborn 352–353
Addictions 953–963
alcohol misuse 955–956, 957b

alcohol withdrawal 956–957, 956b
drug dependency 957–960, 957–958b
eating disorders 953–954, 954f
in health care professionals 960
substance use disorders 954–955, 954b, 957b
Addisonian crisis 583–584, 584b
Addison’s disease 583, 583t, 608
Adenocarcinoma, esophageal 544
Adenoiditis 426, 426f
ADHD See Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Adhesive transparent film 517t
Administration
of medications, ophthalmic 819–820, 820f
of otic medication 824–825
pediatric 500–506
Administrative staff, roles of 79
Admission
client rights and 924b
involuntary 924–925
voluntary 924
Admission agreement 63b
Adolescents
developmental considerations for administering medications to 504b
eczema in 373b
growth and development of
characteristics of 237–238
communication approaches in 228
Erikson’s theory of 220b, 220t
Freud’s theory of 223b
hospitalized 227–228
vital signs of 237b
HIV in 489
nutrition and 139b
Adrenal cortex
anatomy and physiology of 578, 579b
insufficiency of 583
Adrenal glands 757
anatomy and physiology of 578–579
disorders of 583–586, 583–584b, 583t, 584f, 586b
in fluid and electrolyte balance 96
Adrenal medulla, anatomy and physiology of 579
Adrenalectomy 584–586, 586b
Adrenergic agonists 748, 748b
α-Adrenergic agonists 822b

β2-Adrenergic agonists 679b
Adrenergic blockers 743, 743b
α-Adrenergic blockers, peripherally acting 742–743, 742b
β-Adrenergic blockers
for cardiac disorders 745, 745b
for eye disorders 822b, 823
Advance directives 62, 67–68
Adventitious crisis 965b
Adventitious sounds 158, 159t
Advocate 58
AED See Automated external defibrillator (AED)
African Americans
end-of-life care in 239b
risk factors in 42–43
Afterbirth pains 327
Afternoon body temperature 120
Aganglionic megacolon 413
Age
burn injury and 1025
cancer development and 532
developmental, oral medication administration and 500, 501f
temperature and 120
Age-related macular degeneration 804, 824
Agencies of the mind, in Freud’s theory, of psychosexual development 222
Aggression 967
Aggressive behavior 939b
Aging, definition of 248
Agitation
in dementia and Alzheimer’s disease 948
management of 1056
Agnosia, in stroke 842b
AICD See Automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD)
AIDS See Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Air embolism
as complication
in hemodialysis 769b
in intravenous therapy 998–1000t
in parenteral nutrition 1004, 1005–1006t
Airborne precautions 175–176
Airway
obstruction, with epiglottitis 432f
suction of, in newborn 344
AKI See Acute kidney injury (AKI)
Akinetic seizure 840b

Alaska Natives, risk factors in 45
Alba 325
Albiglutide 613
Alcohol misuse 955–956, 957b
Alcohol withdrawal 956–957, 956b
Aldosterone 579b
in fluid and electrolyte balance 96, 757
hypersecretion of 584
Alertness, in differentiating delirium, depression, and dementia 250t
Alginate dressing 517t
Alike options, elimination of 34, 34b
Alkalosis
kidneys and 111
metabolic 113t, 114–116, 114b, 115t
potassium response to 111, 112f
respiratory 112–113, 113b, 113t, 115, 115t
role of lungs in 111
Alkylating medications 569–570, 569b
Allen’s test 114, 116b
Allergic reactions, to insulin therapy 590
Allergic rhinitis 427
Allergy 900
latex 900–902, 901–902b, 901f
intravenous therapy and 996
Allis sign 478
Allogeneic stem cell donor 535
Allograft, for burn injury care 1029b
Allopurinol 891–892
Alopecia 390t
Alosetron 652
Altered thought processes
depression and 940b
Altretamine 572
Aluminum compounds, as antacids 650t
Alveolar ducts 658
Alveoli 658
Alzheimer’s disease 947, 947b
Amantadine 689t
Ambenonium chloride 856b
Ambivalence, pregnancy and 269
Ambulation, safety during 172
Ambulatory care 203–204, 203b

American Hospital Association, Client’s (Patient’s) Bill of Rights 62b
American Indians, risk factors in 45
American Nurses Association Code of Ethics 58, 62b
American Red Cross (ARC) 83–84
Amino acids 137
in parenteral nutrition 1003
Aminoglycosides
adverse effects of 915–916t
nephrotoxic 761b
5-Aminosalicylates (5-ASAs), for inflammatory bowel disease 652, 652b
Aminosalicylic acid 687
Amish 239b
Amnesia, dissociative 937
Amniocentesis 275
Amnion 260–261
Amniotic fluid 261
test of, in pregnancy 274
Amniotic fluid embolism, in labor and birth 320
Amniotic fluid index 274
Amniotic membranes, for burn injury care 1029b
Amniotomy 312
Amobarbital 858–859
Amphetamines 859, 859b
Amphiarthrosis 870t
Amylin mimetic 613–614
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 846
Anal stage, of psychosexual development 223b
Analgesia, patient-controlled 996
Analgesics
epidural catheter for 1001, 1002f
intrathecal opioid, for labor and birth 311
nonopioid 860–861, 860–861b
opioid 861–863, 862b
for maternity and newborn medications 363
urinary tract 790, 790b
Analysis, questions on examination associated with 31, 31b
Anaphylactic reaction, to antineoplastic medications 569, 569b
Anaphylactic shock 1057
Anaphylaxis 900, 900b, 901f, 1054b, 1056, 1057f
Anasarca 93
Androgens 609, 609b
Android pelvis 258
Anemia 556–557
aplastic 383
in chronic kidney disease 763–764
folate deficiency 557–558
high-iron diet for 143
iron deficiency 557
in pediatric patient 383
medications to treat 572
sickle cell 380–381, 381b, 381f
vitamin B12 deficiency 557
Anergy panel 906b
Anesthesia
for labor and birth 311
topical, ophthalmic 822
Aneurysm
abdominal, resection of 211–212
aortic 725–726, 726f
cerebral 839, 840b
positioning clients with 212
Anger 967
Angina 712–713
Angiography
cerebral 833
positioning clients in 212
fluorescein 800
pulmonary 660
Angioplasty
laser-assisted 703
percutaneous transluminal coronary 702–703, 702f
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors 448, 743–744, 743b
Angiotensin II 757
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) 743–744, 743b
Angles of injection 185, 186f
Animal tissue, for burn injury care 1029b
Anion 94b
Ankle edema, in pregnancy 270
Annuloplasty, mitral 719
Anorexia
in dying client 241b
as radiation therapy side effect 390t
Anorexia nervosa 953
Anorexiants 859, 859b
Antacids 649, 650f, 650t
Anterior cord syndrome 1051
Anterior fontanel, in dehydration, pediatric 398t

Anthrax 176–177, 176f, 177b
Anthropoid pelvis 258
Antiandrogens, for malignancy 571b
Antianginal medications 744–745, 744b
Antianxiety/anxiolytic medications 983
for bipolar disorder 938
Antiarthritic medications 892–893, 892b, 892f
Antibiotics 914, 915b
for acne vulgaris 524b, 525
effects in surgical patient 197b
hearing loss due to 825b
second-line medications for tuberculosis 686–687
Antibodies, for organ rejection prevention 791b
Anticholinergics 679–680, 679b, 790, 790b
for eye disorders 820–821, 820b
for Parkinson’s disease 857, 857b
Anticholinesterase medications 855
Anticipatory grief 964
Anticoagulants, effects in surgical patient 197b
Anticonvulsants, effects in surgical patient 197b
Antidepressants
tricyclic 979–980, 979b
Antidiarrheal medications 653b
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 96
in fluid and electrolyte balance 756
syndrome of inappropriate 582–583
as oncological emergency 555, 1031
Antidotes, for opioids 363
Anti-dsDNA antibody test 898
Antidysrhythmic medications 747–748
Antiemetics 652, 653b
Antiestrogens, for malignancy 571b
Antifungals
for HIV 913
Antihistamines 681, 681b, 825–826, 825b
Antihypertensive medications 741–742, 741–742b
Anti-infective medications
for ears 825, 825b

for eyes 821, 821b
for HIV 913
Anti-inflammatory medications
for eyes 821–822, 821b
for HIV 913
Antilipemic medications 748–749, 749b
Antimetabolite medications 570, 570b
Antimicrobials, for inflammatory bowel disease 652, 652b
Antimyasthenic medications 855, 856b
Antimycobacterials, adverse effects of 915–916t
Antineoplastic medications 567–569
adverse effects of 567
alkylating 569–570, 569b
anaphylactic reaction to 569
antimetabolite medications 570, 570b
antitumor antibiotic medications 570, 570b
description of 567, 568f
health promotion and maintenance and 568
hormonal medications and enzymes 571, 571b
immunomodulator agents: biological response modifiers 572, 572b
mitotic inhibitor medications 570–571, 571b
nephrotoxic 761b
physiological integrity and 567–568
psychosocial integrity and 568
safe and effective care environment and 568
targeted therapy 572
topoisomerase inhibitors 571, 571b
Antinuclear antibody (ANA) determination 898
Antiparkinsonian medications 856–857, 857b
Antiplatelet therapy, for angina 713
Antipsychotic medications 984–985, 984b
neuroleptic malignant syndrome due to 985–986
side and adverse effects of 985b
Antipyretics, for increased intracranial pressure 836b
Antiretroviral medications, for HIV/AIDS 487
Antirheumatic drugs 481b
Antiseizure medications 857–859, 858–859b, 858t
for increased intracranial pressure 836b
Antiseptics, urinary tract 788
Antisocial personality disorder 945–946
Antispasmodics 790, 790b
Antithymocyte globulin 914
equine 792
Antithyroid medications 606–607, 606b

Antitumor antibiotic medications 570, 570b
Antitussives 682, 682b
Antiviral medications
for HIV 913
for influenza 689–690, 689t
Antrectomy 628
Anus
assessment of 167
in newborn 343
imperforate 416–417, 416b
Anxiety 933, 934b
in Freud’s theory, of psychosexual development 222
generalized anxiety disorder 934, 934b
NCLEX-RN® examination and 25
separation of
in hospitalized adolescent 227–228
in hospitalized infant and toddler 226
in hospitalized preschooler 226–227
in hospitalized school-age child 227
Aorta, coarctation of 450
Aortic aneurysms 725–726, 726f
Aortic insufficiency 719, 719t
Aortic semilunar valve 696
Aortic stenosis 450, 719, 719t
Apgar scoring system 340, 341t
Aphasia, in stroke 842
Apheresis, for stem cell harvesting 535
Apical heart rate
of adolescent 237b
of newborn and infant 232b
of preschooler 235b
of school-age child 237b
of toddler 234b
Aplastic anemia 383, 558
Aplastic crisis, in sickle cell anemia 381b
Apneustic respiration 834b
Appearance, in mental status exam 148
Appendectomy 412–413
Appendicitis 640
in children 412–413
Appendicular skeleton 869
Apraxia, in stroke 842b
aPTT See Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
Aqueous humor 799–800

ARBs See Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
ARC See American Red Cross (ARC)
Arm, peripheral sites in 996, 996f
Arterial blood gases (ABGs) 114–116, 661
in acid-base imbalances 115, 115t
analysis of results in 116b
compensation and 116
normal values for 115t
specimen collection for 114–115, 116b
Arterial disease, peripheral, positioning clients in 212
Arterial disorders 723–725, 724f
Arterial pressure 697
Arterial vascular grafting, positioning clients in 212
Arteries
anatomy and physiology of 698
coronary
anatomy and physiology of 697, 697f
atherectomy of 703
bypass grafting of 703–705, 703f, 1045–1046
disease of 711–712, 712f
laser-assisted angioplasty 703
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of 702–703, 702f
stents 703
peripheral
assessment of 161b
Arteriolar vasodilators, direct-acting 746–747, 746b
Arterioles 698
Arteriovenous fistula, for hemodialysis 768–769, 768f
Arteriovenous graft, for hemodialysis 768f, 769
Arteriovenous shunt, external, for hemodialysis 767–768, 768f
Arthritis, rheumatoid 881–882, 881b, 892f
medications for 892–893, 892b, 892f
Arthrocentesis 870–871
Arthrodesis 882
Arthroplasty 882
Arthroscopy 871
Artificial skin, for burn injury care 1029b
Aschoff bodies, with rheumatic fever 454
Ascites 631
Asian Americans
risk factors in 45
Asperger syndrome 473

Aspiration
as complication, of gastrointestinal tube feedings 1014
meconium, in newborn 349
needle, of thyroid tissue 580
pneumonia 434
Aspirin 860b
poisoning, in children 419
Reye’s syndrome and 471
side/adverse effects of 861b
Assault
as legal risk 61
sexual 972
Assessment
of adult client 148–170, 148b
body systems assessment 151–167 See also Body systems assessment
documentation of findings 167
in emergency department 86
environment/setting for 148
health history in 148
mental status exam in 148–151, 151b
physical exam in 151
techniques for 151
vital signs in 151
questions on examination associated with 30–31, 31b
strategic words associated with 28b
types of 148b
words, on examination 28b
Assignments
process of 81–82
questions on examination regarding 34–35, 35b
Assimilation, in Piaget’s theory 219
Assist-control ventilation 1039
Asterixis 632, 633f
Asthma 664–666, 664f, 665b
in children 435–438, 436–437b, 436t
laboratory tests for 436b
precipitants triggering 436b
respiratory acidosis due to 112b
triggers of 665b
Astigmatism 801
Asystole 1045
Ataxic respiration 834b
Atazanavir 912
Atelectasis
postoperative 199–200, 199f
Atherectomy 703
Atherosclerotic coronary artery 712f
Atom 94b
Atonic seizure 840b
Atopic dermatitis, in child 373, 373b
Atresia
esophageal 408–409, 409f
tricuspid 451
Atrial fibrillation 706, 706f
Atrial septal defect (ASD) 449, 449b
Atrioventricular (AV) canal defect 449
Atrioventricular (AV) node 696
Atrioventricular valves 696
Atrium 696
Atropine toxicity 820–821
ATT See Authorization to Test (ATT)
Attention, in differentiating delirium, depression, and dementia 250t
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 473
medications for 986, 986b
Attention span, in mental status exam 151b
Attitude, in labor and birth 304
Audio questions 9, 11f
Audiometry 807
Audit, in quality improvement 77
Auditory assessment 155
Auscultation 151
abdominal 161–162
in heart assessment 160, 160f
in lung assessment 158, 158–159f
Authorization to Test (ATT) 24
form 15
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) 473–474
Autocratic leadership 75
Autograft(ing)
for burn injury 1029b, 1030
Autoimmune disease
pemphigus 903–904
polyarteritis nodosa 903
scleroderma 903
systemic lupus erythematosus 902–903
systemic sclerosis 903

Autologous blood donation 1007
Autologous stem cell donor 535
Automated external defibrillator (AED) 709
Automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) 709–710
Automated peritoneal dialysis 771, 771b
Autonomic dysreflexia 1054
manifestations of 1052b
in spinal cord injury 1056b
in spinal cord injury client 838b
Autonomic nervous system 831
assessment of 834
role in cardiovascular function 697
Autonomy 58b
Avascular necrosis 876
Aversion therapy 926
Avian influenza A (H5N1) 668
Avoidance, in conflict resolution 79
Avoidant personality disorder 946
Awareness, in Freud’s theory, of psychosexual development 221–222
Axial skeleton 869
Axillary lymph nodes 161
Axillary measurement, of temperature 121
Axons 831
Azathioprine 792, 893, 914
for dermatitis 521b
Azelaic acid 525
Babinski reflex 834b
Babinski’s sign, in newborn 346
Bacillus anthracis 176
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine 671
Backache, in pregnancy 271
Backward failure, of heart 715
Baclofen 890, 891b
Bacteria, urinary, antiseptics for growth inhibition of 788
Bacterial infection
of amniotic cavity 282
croup 431, 432f
impetigo 373–374
meningitis 470
pneumonia 434–435
pyelonephritis, during pregnancy 293
Bacterial vaginosis, during pregnancy 295

Balanced suspension traction 874–875, 874f
Ballard scale 340
Balloon valvuloplasty 719
Ballottement 266
Barbiturates 858–859, 983–984, 984b
Bariatric surgery 629, 630b, 630f
Barium swallow 623
Barlow’s test 478
Baroreceptors 697
Barrier protection 176
Basal cell carcinoma 513, 513b
Basal ganglia 830
Bases 110 See also Acid-base balance
Basic care and comfort, subcategories on examination 5t, 6b
Basiliximab 792, 914
Bathing, of newborn 347
Battered individuals, care for 49
Battery, as legal risk 61
Baxter resuscitation formula 1027t
Bed boards, for proper positioning 213b
Bed positions 209f
Bee sting 512
Behavior therapy 926
Behaviors
abusive 967–968
in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 473
with bipolar disorder 939b
in dehydration, pediatric 398t
of effective leader and manager 75b
in mental status exam 151
substance use disorders 955
suicidal 965–967, 966b
Bell’s palsy 846
Beneficence 58b
Benign prostatic hyperplasia 780–781, 781f, 793, 793b
Benzodiazepines 859, 983, 983b
Benzoyl peroxide 525
Betamethasone 363
Bethanechol chloride 790
Bexarotene 572
Bicarbonate
in acid-base balance 110, 111f
normal values of 115t
renal regulation of 111

value changes in acid-base imbalances 115, 115t
Biceps reflex, during pregnancy 290b
Bicuspid (mitral) valve 696
Bile acid sequestrants 651, 651b, 748
Bile duct, common 623
Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) 1038–1039, 1039f
Biliary obstruction 631
Bilirubin
assessment of, in newborn 344
in hyperbilirubinemia 350
Bill of Rights, Client’s 61, 62b
Billroth I procedure 545b, 628, 628f
Billroth II procedure 545b, 628, 628f
Biological dressing 517t
Biological response modifiers 572, 572b
Biological warfare agents 176–178, 176–177f, 177b
Biophysical profile, in pregnancy 274
Bioprosthetic valves 720
Biopsy
of bladder 760
bone or muscle 871–872
for cancer diagnosis 532–533
liver 625–626
positioning clients and 210, 211b
lung 661
renal 760
skin 509
Biosynthetic materials, for burn injury 1029b
Bioterrorism 178
BiPAP See Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP)
Bipolar disorder 937–938, 938b
Birth canal 258
Birth control 261
Birth trauma 341
Birthmarks 342, 343t
Bishop score 312, 312t, 364
Bisphosphonates 894
Bites and stings 511–512
Black widow spider bite 511
Blackheads 514
Bladder
cancer of 551–555
metastatic 531b
continuous irrigation 550, 551b
enuresis and 461
exstrophy 463
trauma of 782
Bladder control
in preschooler 236
in toddler 235, 235b
Bladder exstrophy 463
Bladder ultrasonography 759
Bleeding
assessment in dark-skinned client 152
gastrointestinal, with chronic kidney disease 763b, 764
with leukemia 387, 389b, 537
postoperative 200
postpartum 333, 334b, 334f
during pregnancy 281
Bleeding disorders
hemophilia 381
von Willebrand’s disease 382
Bleomycin 570
Blind spot 799
Blindness, legal 801
Block
lumbar epidural 311
subarachnoid 311
Blood
cleaning spills of 175
pediatric disorders of
aplastic anemia 383
hemophilia 381–382
iron deficiency anemia 383
sickle cell anemia 380–381, 381b, 381f
β-thalassemia major 382–383, 382b
Blood bank precautions 1009b
Blood coagulation factors 698
hemophilia due to deficiency of 381
Blood glucose
cardiovascular testing of 699
in diabetes mellitus, pediatric 400
in diabetic ketoacidosis 402
in hyperglycemia, pediatric 401
in hypoglycemia, pediatric 401

in newborn, with hypoglycemia 354
self-monitoring of 591, 592b
Blood glucose monitoring
in diabetes mellitus 401
lessening pain of 401b
Blood pressure (BP) 123–124
of adolescent 237b
cardiac surgical unit postoperative monitoring of 704, 1046
control of 697–698
factors affecting 123
in hypertension 727
medications, for increased intracranial pressure 836b
of newborn 232b, 340
in postpartum vital signs 326t
in preeclampsia 289t
of preschooler 235b
of toddler 234b
Blood products administration 1006–1011
blood warmers in 1008
compatibility in 1007–1008, 1007t
cryoprecipitates 1007
fresh-frozen plasma 1007
granulocytes 1007
infusion pumps for 1008
packed red blood cells 1006–1007
platelet 1007
precautions and nursing responsibilities in 1008, 1009b
types of donations 1007
Blood salvage 1007
Blood specimen collection, pseudohyperkalemia and 99
Blood supply, to brain 831
Blood transfusion
complications of 1010b
consent for 63b
reactions to 1008–1010, 1010b
Blood type, in antepartum diagnostic testing 272
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 131, 699, 758
Blood vessels, ocular 800
Blood warmers 1008
Bloodborne metastasis 531
Blue spells 451, 451b
BMT See Bone marrow transplantation (BMT)

BNP See B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Body fluids 93–94 See also Fluid and electrolyte balance
compartments 93, 94f
constituents of 94
description of 93–94
intake and output of 96, 96f
movement of 95
third-spacing of 93
transport of 94–95
Body image
changes in, during pregnancy 269
disturbed, with rheumatoid arthritis 881
Body language, in mental status exam 151
Body measurements, of newborn 341
Body mechanics, positioning clients and 211b
Body surface area (BSA)
calculating pediatric 502–503, 503b, 503f
chemotherapy dosing based on 567
Body systems assessment 151–167
abdomen 161–162
breasts 160–161
ears 155–156, 156b
eyes 153–155, 154b, 154f
female genitalia and reproductive tract 165–166
head, neck, and lymph nodes 152–153
heart 159–160, 160f, 161b
integumentary system 151–152, 152b, 152t
lungs 157–159, 157b, 158–159f, 159t, 160b
male genitalia 166–167
musculoskeletal system 162–163, 162t
neurological system 163–165, 163–164t, 165b
in newborn 344–347, 345f
nose, mouth, and throat 156–157
peripheral vascular system 160f, 161b
and peripheral vascular system 159–160
rectum and anus 167
Body temperature 120
conversion of 121b
Body weight
calculating pediatric dosages by 502, 502b
percentage of body fluid 93
Bone marrow suppression, as radiation therapy side effect 390t
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) 535
Bone mineral density measurement 871

Bone scan 871
Bones
biopsy of 871–872
characteristics of 869
growth of 869
healing of 870, 870f
osteosarcoma of 391
types 869
Borderline personality disorder 946
Bordetella pertussis 491
Borrelia burgdorferi 904
Botulism 177
Bowel, perforation of 625b
Bowel control
in preschooler 236
in toddler 235, 235b
Bowel elimination, in dying client 241b
Bowel sounds, assessment of 161
Bowman’s capsule 756
Bracelets, information, in newborn 347
Braces, for scoliosis 480
Brachytherapy 534–535
Bradycardia
fetal 307
sinus 697, 705–706
Brain
cancer of, metastatic 531b
tumors of, pediatric 392–393, 393b
Brain attack 841–843, 841–842b, 842f
Brain trauma, respiratory acidosis due to 112b
Brainstem 830
involvement in pediatric head injury 469b
Breach of duty 60
Breast
cancer of 542–544, 543f
metastatic 531b
discomfort, from engorgement 327
mastitis 335, 335f
physiological maternal changes of 268–269
in postpartum period 325, 326b
tenderness 270
Breast-feeding
engorgement in 325, 326b
in newborn 345
parent teaching 347–348, 347f
nutrition and 139b, 232
in postpartum period 327–328
procedure in 328b
Breast self-examination (BSE) 542, 543f
Breath sounds
abnormal 158, 159t
in asthma 437
normal 158
Breathing
preoperative 194–195, 195b
techniques, for labor and delivery 307, 307b
Breech presentation, in labor and birth 304
Bricker’s procedure 552
Bronchi, mainstem 658
Bronchiectasis 112b
Bronchioles 658
Bronchiolitis 433–434
Bronchitis
in children 433
Bronchodilators 678–679, 679b
for cystic fibrosis 440
Bronchogenic cancer 547
Bronchophony 160b
Bronchoprovocation testing 436b
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, in newborn 349
Bronchoscopy 211, 659–660
Bronze baby syndrome 351
Brown recluse spider bite 511
Brown-Séquard syndrome 1051–1052, 1051f
Brudzinski’s sign 165, 470, 835b, 847, 847f
BSA See Body surface area (BSA)
BSE See Breast self-examination (BSE)
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) 699
Bubonic plague 177
Buck’s traction 874, 874f
Buddhism, end-of-life care and 239b
Buerger’s disease 725
Bulimia nervosa 953–954
Bulk-forming laxatives 652, 653b

Bullying 968
BUN See Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
BUN/creatinine ratio 758
Bundle of His 696–697
Bureaucratic leadership 75
Burn injury 1023, 1023b
age and general health and 1025
chemical, ocular 805–806, 805b
in child 376, 376b, 377f
depth of 1023–1025
full-thickness 1024–1025, 1024f
deep 1025, 1025f
inhalation injuries 1025–1026
location of 1025
management of 1026–1027, 1026t
pathophysiology of 1026
priority nursing actions 1023b
rule of 9 for estimation, of burn percentage 1024f
superficial partial-thickness 1024, 1024f
superficial-thickness 1023–1024
Burn products 526, 526b
Busulfan 569
Butorphanol tartrate 363
Butterfly sets 993
Bypass grafting, coronary artery 703–705, 703f, 1045–1046
Bypass surgery, for peripheral arterial disease 724f
Cadaver donors, kidney 772
Calcipotriene 523, 523b
Calcitonin-salmon, for osteoporosis 893
Calcium
as antacids 650t
diet for high intake of 143
disorders in, medication to 607b
food sources of 138b
in hypercalcemia 102–103, 103t
in hypocalcemia 102, 103f, 103t See also Hypocalcemia
for osteoporosis 893
serum 102
Calcium canaliculi 778b
Calcium channel blockers 745–746, 745b
Calculation
of correct dosage 187
of pediatric body surface area 502–503, 503b, 503f
pediatric medication 500–506
percentage and ratio solutions in 187
pharmacological 36
standard formula for 187b
Caloric testing, of neurological system 833
Calorie intake
high, diet for 142
postpartum 327
Canal of Schlemm 800
Canaliculi, renal 777–778, 778b
treatment options for 778–779, 779f
Cancer 531–532
antineoplastic medications for 567–569
bladder 551–555
breast 542–544, 543b, 543f
cervical 540–541, 540b
chemotherapy for 533–534
classification of 531
colorectal 546
diagnostic testing of 532–533, 532b
early detection of 532
endometrial 542
esophageal 544
factors influencing development of 532
gastric 544–545, 545b
grading and staging of 531, 532b
laryngeal 548, 548f
lung 547–548
metastatic 531, 531b
ovarian 541–542
pain control in 533
pancreatic 545, 545f
prevention of 532
prostate 549–551
radiation therapy for 534–535, 534b
skin 512–513, 513b
surgery in 533
testicular 539–540, 539f
uterine 542
warning signs of 532b
Candida albicans
integumentary 509–510
in vaginal candidiasis 295
Candidate performance report, following failure of examination 19
Candidiasis, vaginal, during pregnancy 295
Canes 877
Cannulas
intravenous 993
nasal 433t
Cantor tube 1012f
CAPD See Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)
Capillaries 698
Capillary filling time 152b
Capreomycin sulfate 686
Capsule endoscopy 623–624
Capsules 185
Caput succedaneum 341
Car safety seats, guidelines and 228–229
Carbamide peroxide 826
Carbidopa-levodopa 857
Carbohydrates
diet for consistent intake of 142
metabolic acidosis due to insufficient metabolism of 114b
nutrition and 137
Carbon dioxide (CO2), partial pressure of
normal range of 115t
value changes in acid-base imbalances 115–116, 115t
Carbon monoxide poisoning 1025, 1026t
Carbonic acid 757
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system
in acid-base balance 110
metabolic alkalosis and 114
respiratory alkalosis and 112–113
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 822b, 823–824
Carboprost tromethamine 366
Carcinogen 532
Cardiac catheterization 701–702, 701f
in angina 713
in coronary artery disease 712
Cardiac diet 141, 141b
Cardiac disease, in pregnancy 281–282, 282b
Cardiac dysrhythmias 705–708, 705–708f, 706–707b
management of 708–710
medications for 747–748
Cardiac glycosides 740–741
Cardiac markers 698
Cardiac output 1057
in atrial septal defect 449b
heart rate and 697, 705
signs and symptoms of 449b
Cardiac tamponade 704, 718, 1045
Cardiogenic shock 717, 1043, 1044f, 1056
Cardiomyopathy 720, 721t
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
for adults 708
guidelines of, for infants 355
Cardiotonic medications 739–740, 740b, 740f
Cardiovascular defects, interventions for 452, 452b
Cardiovascular disorders, in children 447–458
aortic stenosis 450
atrial septal defect 449, 449b
atrioventricular canal defect 449
cardiac catheterization 452–453
coarctation of aorta 450
defects with decreased pulmonary blood flow 450–451
defects with increased pulmonary blood flow 449–450
heart failure 447–449, 448b
hypoplastic left heart syndrome 451–452
interventions for 452, 452b
Kawasaki disease 454–455, 455b
mixed defects 451–452
obstructive defects 450
patent ductus arteriosus 449–450
pulmonary stenosis 450
rheumatic fever 454, 454b, 454f
surgery for 453
tetralogy of Fallot 451
total anomalous pulmonary venous connection 452
transposition of great arteries/vessels 452
tricuspid atresia 451
truncus arteriosus 452
ventricular septal defect 450
Cardiovascular findings, in liver dysfunction 633f
Cardiovascular medications 737–754
adrenergic agonists 748, 748b
adrenergic blockers 743, 743b
β-adrenergic blockers 745, 745b

angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors 743–744, 743b
angiotensin II receptor blockers 743–744, 743b
antianginal medications 744–745, 744b
anticoagulants 737–738, 738b
antidysrhythmic medications 747–748
antihypertensive medications 741–742, 741–742b
antilipemic medications 748–749, 749b
antiplatelet medications 739, 739b
calcium channel blockers 745–746, 745b
cardiac glycosides 740–741
centrally acting sympatholytics 743, 743b
diuretics 741–742, 741–742b
peripherally acting α-adrenergic blockers 742–743, 742b
positive inotropic and cardiotonic medications 739–740, 740b, 740f
thrombolytic medications 738–739, 738b
vasodilators
direct-acting, arteriolar 746–747, 746b
miscellaneous 747
peripheral 746, 746b
Cardiovascular system 696–736
acidosis manifestations in 113t
alkalosis manifestations in 113t
anaphylaxis manifestations in 901f
changes in, with aging 248
chronic kidney disease manifestation in 763b
diagnostic tests and procedures 698–702
disorders of
angina 712–713
aortic aneurysms 725–726, 726f
arterial 723–725, 724f
cardiac dysrhythmias 705–708, 705–708f, 706–707b
cardiac tamponade 704, 718, 1045
cardiogenic shock 717, 1043, 1044f
cardiomyopathy 720, 721t
coronary artery disease 711–712, 712f
diagnostic tests and procedures 698–702
embolectomy for 726–727
heart failure 715–716, 716b, 716t
hypertension 727–728, 728b
hypertensive crisis 729
inflammatory 717–718, 718b
myocardial infarction 713–715, 714b

pacemakers for 710–711, 711b
therapeutic management of 699b, 702–705, 702–703f, 705b
valvular 718–720, 719t, 720b
vascular 720–723, 722b
vena cava filter and ligation for 727, 727f
fluid volume deficit and excess findings in 97t
hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia findings in 103t
hypokalemia and hyperkalemia findings in 99t
hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia findings in 104t
hyponatremia and hypernatremia findings in 101t
interventions in spinal cord injury 1053
physiological maternal changes in 267–269, 268f
positioning clients in 211–212
postoperative care of 198, 198f
Cardioversion 708–709
Carditis, in rheumatic fever 454f
Caregiving, in health disparities 42
Caring, as Integrated Process subcategories 6
Carisoprodol 890, 891b
Carotid artery, assessment of 160
Carotid sinus massage 708
Cartridge, prefilled medication 186
Case management 73
Case manager 73
Case method, nursing 74
Case studies 14
Casts 875
CAT See Computer adaptive testing (CAT)
Cataracts 802, 802f, 803b
surgery for, positioning clients in 212
Catatonic posturing, in schizophrenia 941
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors, for Parkinson’s disease 857b
Catecholamines, urinary, normal values of 581
Catheter/catheterization
cardiac 701–702, 701f
in angina 713
epidural 1001–1002, 1002f
femoral 1001f
for hemodialysis 767

Hickman 1001f
infection at site of 1004b
for parenteral nutrition 1002
for peritoneal dialysis 770f
subclavian 1001f
urinary 1016, 1017b
of urinary stoma 554b
Catheter embolism 998–1000t
Catholic Church
end-of-life care and 239b
organ donation and transplantation and 63
Cation 94b
Cauda equina syndrome 1051f, 1052
CBI See Continuous bladder irrigation (CBI)
CD4+ lymphocyte count, in HIV/AIDS 489t
Celiac crisis 412
Celiac disease 411–412
Cell cycle, antineoplastic medications 567, 568f
Cellular response 898
Cellulitis 511
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 230
Central cord syndrome 1051, 1051f
Central nervous system
Central nervous system depressants 957–958
intoxication 957b
Central nervous system stimulants 859–860, 859b, 958
intoxication 958b
Central venous catheters
access sites for 1001f
infection at site of 1004b
for intravenous therapy 1000–1001, 1001f
peripherally inserted 1001–1002, 1001f
tunneled 1000–1001, 1002f
vascular access ports for 1001
Central venous pressure (CVP) 1043, 1057
Centralization 77
Centrally acting sympatholytics 743, 743b
Cephalhematoma 341
Cephalic presentation, in labor and birth 304
Cephalosporins, adverse effects of 915–916t
Cerebellar function, assessment of 164–165

Cerebellum 830
Cerebral aneurysm 839, 840b
Cerebral angiography 833
Cerebral cortex 830, 831b
Cerebral palsy 467, 468f
Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) 1057
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 830–831
imbalance, in hydrocephalus 469
Cerebrum 830
Cerumen 813
Ceruminolytic medication 826
Cervical cerclage 290
Cervical collar 878
Cervical disk herniation 878–879
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 540b
Cervical skin traction 874
Cervical spine injuries 1052
traction for 1054
Cervix 258
cancer of 540–541
dilation of, in labor and birth 309, 309t
incompetent, in pregnancy 290
physiological maternal changes of 268
in postpartum period 325
ripening of, prostaglandins for 364
Cesarean delivery 313
CF See Cystic fibrosis (CF)
Chadwick’s sign 266
Change
process of 78, 78b, 78f
of shift report 80
Chaplain, roles of 79
Charismatic theory, of leadership and management 75b
Chart/exhibit questions 9, 10b, 27
Checklist, preoperative 196, 196b
Chelation therapy 418–419
Chemical burn, ocular 805–806, 805b
Chemical carcinogens 532
Chemical restraints 173
Chemical warfare agents 178
Chemistry panel 906b
Chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) antagonist 913

Chemotherapy 533–534
for bladder cancer 552
for leukemia, in children 388–389
Chest
assessment of, of newborn 342
examination of
in heart assessment 159
in lung assessment 157, 157b
Chest injuries 662–663
Chest pain 744b
Chest physiotherapy (CPT) 1035, 1036b
for asthma 437
Chest tube 1021–1023, 1022f
Chest x-ray
for asthma 436b
in cardiovascular assessment 699
film 659
Cheyne-Stokes respiration 834b
Chickenpox 491, 491f
Chief complaint 148
Childhood obesity 399
Children
abduction 969–970
abuse 970–971, 970b
eczema in 373b
grief in 965b
increased intracranial pressure in 388b
protection from bleeding 389b
Chlamydia pneumoniae 434
Chlamydia trachomatis 367
Chlamydial infection, in pregnancy 272, 273t, 293
Chloasma 269
Chlorambucil 569, 569b
Chlordiazepoxide 956
Chloride
quantitative sweat test 439b
shift 110
Chlorzoxazone 890, 891b
Cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic retrograde 624–625
Cholecystectomy 631
Cholecystitis 630–631, 631b

Choledocholithotomy 631
Cholelithiasis 630
Cholesteatoma 811
Cholesterol, medications for reduction of 748
Cholinergic agonists, for eye disorders 822b
Cholinergic crisis 856b
in myasthenia gravis 844
Cholinergics 790–791
Chorea, in rheumatic fever 454f
Chorioamnionitis, in pregnancy 282
Chorion 261
Chorionic villus sampling 275
Choroid 799
Christmas disease 381
Chronic/episodic pain 124
Chronic illness
individuals with 52
Chronic kidney disease 762, 763–764b, 763t, 764f
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 666–667, 666–667f
client education in 667b
client positioning 667f
Chronic pancreatitis 637–638
Chronic/persistent noncancer pain 124
Chvostek’s sign 103f, 588
Ciliary body 799
Cimetidine 649
Ciprofloxacin 789, 789b
Circle of Willis 831
Circulation
fetal 261, 262f
near-death physiological manifestations in 240
Circulatory overload 98
in blood products administration 1010
in intravenous therapy 998–1000t
Circumcision, care of, in newborn 344–345, 348
Circumflex artery 697, 697f
Cirrhosis 631–632
Cisplatin 569, 569b
Citrate toxicity 1011
Civil law 60b
CK-MB (creatine kinase, myocardial muscle) 698
in myocardial infarction 714

Classical conditioning 926
Cleansing breath, in labor and birth 307b
Clear liquid diet 140
Cleft lip and palate 407f
Client and family teaching
discharge 81, 81b
as legal safeguards 67
postpartum 327
preoperative 194–195, 195b
setting priorities for 82–83
Client care, prioritizing 73–89
Client education
in Addison’s disease 583
in automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) 709–710
in cardiac surgery 705b
in cataract surgery 803b
in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 667b
in degenerative joint disease 881b, 882
in dumping syndrome 629b
in guidelines during illness 594b, 1033b
in halo fixation device 1054b
in hearing aids 809b
in hypertension 728b
in myringotomy 810b
in pacemakers 711b
in rheumatoid arthritis 881b
in self-monitoring of blood glucose level 592b
in thrombophlebitis 336b
in tuberculosis 673b
Client history, of tuberculosis 671
Client identity, in blood products administration 1009b
Client instructions
for cystitis 775, 775b
for kidney transplantation 774b
Client needs, questions on examination and 4–6, 5t
test-taking strategies 33–34, 34b
Client (Patient) Self-Determination Act 67
Client-focused care 74
Client’s rights/Bill of Rights 61–64, 62b, 924b
Clindamycin 525
Clinical Judgment Situations 14, 36, 37b
Clonazepam 858t, 859
Clonus reflex, during pregnancy 290b
Clorazepate 859
Closed-ended words, elimination of options containing 34, 34b
Closed fracture 872b
Closed head injury 467, 468f, 838, 1047
Closed reduction, of fracture 482
Clostridium difficile, health care-associated 174
Clothing, in newborn 347–348
CLOZE item 12b
Clubfoot, congenital 479–480, 479f
Cluster respiration 834b
Coagulation factors, assessment of 698
Coal tar 523, 523b
Coarctation of aorta 450
Cochlea 807
Cochlear implantation 809
Code of Ethics for Nurses 58
Codeine 861
Codeine sulfate 127
Codependency 955
Coercive power 76b
Cognitive ability, examination questions and 4, 4t, 5b
Cognitive changes
in early adulthood 238
in middle adulthood 238
Cognitive development, Piaget’s theory of 219–221
Cognitive disorders, pediatric 467–477
Cognitive level of functioning, assessment of 151b
Cognitive therapy 926
Colchicine 891–892
Cold application, on pain 125
Cold stress, in newborn 345, 345f
Colitis, ulcerative 638–639, 639b
Collaboration, health care team 79–80
Collar, cervical 878
Collateral circulation 711
Collective bargaining 61
Colloids 993
Colon 622
Colonization 494
Colonoscopy, fiberoptic 624, 625b
Colony-stimulating factors for malignancy 572, 572b
Color vision, assessment of 154
Colorectal cancer 546
metastatic 531b
Colostomy 546–547
irrigation 639b
Coma, myxedema 586–587, 587b
Comedones 514
Comfort, positioning clients for 209
Comminuted fracture 872b
Commissurotomy 719
Common bile duct 623
Communicating hydrocele 415
Communication
approaches in 228, 228b
in autism spectrum disorders 474
disturbances, in schizophrenia 943, 943b
and documentation, as integrated process subcategories 6
facilitating with hearing loss 809b
guidelines for 228, 228b
ineffective, in ethnic minorities 42
with intellectually disabled individuals 48
in mental health nursing 921
operational definition of 921f
questions about 33, 34b
therapeutic and nontherapeutic techniques in 922t
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) 494
Compact bone 869
Comparable options, elimination of 34, 34b
Compartment syndrome 875–876
Compatibility, in blood transfusion 1007–1008, 1007t, 1009b
Compensation
in arterial blood gases 116
defense mechanisms 923b
Compensatory mechanisms, in heart failure 715–716
Competition, in conflict resolution 79
Complementary and alternative therapies, for pain 125–126, 125b
Complete abortion 282b
Complete assessment 148b
Complete blood count 698, 906b
Complete fracture 872b
Complex partial seizure 840b
Compound fracture 872b
Compression fracture 872b
Compromise, in conflict resolution 79
Compulsions 935–936
Compulsive behavior 936, 936b

in schizophrenia 942
Compulsive overeating 953
Computed tomography (CT) 625
electron-beam, of cardiovascular system 701
of eye 800
of neurological system 831–832
spiral (helical) 661
Computed tomography pulmonary angiography 661
Computer adaptive testing (CAT) 3
Computerized medical records, confidentiality of 66
Concrete operational stage, of cognitive development 219
Concurrent (“at the same time”) audit, in quality improvement 77
Concussion 837b
Conditioning, in bone marrow transplantation 535
Conductive hearing loss 155, 808, 808f
Conductivity 697
Condyloma acuminatum, in pregnancy 272, 273t, 294
Cones, ocular 799
Confidentiality 64–66, 65b
in racial and ethnic minorities 42
right to 924
Conflict 78–79
Confrontation test 153–154
Congenital aganglionosis 413
Congenital clubfoot 479–480, 479f
Congenital heart defects, cardiac catheterization for diagnosis of 452
Conization, for cervical cancer 540
Conjunctivae 800
Conn’s syndrome 584–585
Consciousness, in differentiating delirium, depression, and dementia 250t
Consent 63–64, 63b
minors and 64
for organ donation and transplantation 62
before surgery 194
types of 63b
Constipation
in children 415–416, 416b
in irritable bowel syndrome, treatment for 652, 653b
postoperative 201
in pregnancy 268, 271
Consultation, with health care team 80
Contact precautions 176
Containers, intravenous 994

Continuing care nurse 79
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) 771
Continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) 550, 551b
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 1038, 1040t
Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) 1047, 1047b
Contraception 261
Contraceptives 610
for newborn 367–368
oral 526
Contract law 60b
Contractility 697, 705
myocardial, medications for stimulation of 739
Contraction stress test 276b
Contractions
in labor and birth 304
of muscle 869
Contracts, employee 59
Control, loss of
in hospitalized adolescent 228
in hospitalized preschooler 227
Control surgery, for cancer 533
Controlled substances, legal liability and 61
Controlled ventilation 1039
Controlling, as function of management 76b
Contusion 837b
ocular 805
pulmonary 662, 1041
Conus medullaris syndrome 1051f, 1052
Conversion defense mechanisms 923b
Conversion disorder 936
Conversions, drug measurement systems 183–184, 184–185b
Coordination, assessment of 165
COPD See Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Coping mechanisms 920, 923, 926
Cornea 799
assessment of 154
staining of 801
transplantation of 806
Corneal light reflex 154
Corneal reflex 834b
Corneal ring 801
Coronary arteries
anatomy and physiology of 697, 697f
angioplasty of
laser-assisted 703
percutaneous transluminal 702–703, 702f
stents 703
Coronary artery bypass grafting 703–705, 703f, 1045–1046
Corrosives, poisoning 419–420
Corticosteroids
as endocrine medication 607–608b
for eye disorders 821b
for inflammatory bowel disease 652, 652b
for juvenile idiopathic arthritis 481b
for nephrotic syndrome 461
for poison ivy 521
as respiratory medications 679b, 680
Corticosterone 579b
Cortisol 579b
Cortisone 579b
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 492
Cotton gauze dressing 517t
Cough(ing)
preoperative 195, 195b, 196f
whooping 491–492
Cover test 154
CPAP See Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
CPR See Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
CPT See Chest physiotherapy (CPT)
Crackles 159t
Cranial nerves
assessment of 153, 163–164t
in function of ears 807
Craniotomy 838–839, 1048–1049
client positioning 212, 839b, 1049b
nursing care following 839b, 1049b
positioning after 393b
Crawling, in newborn 347
Creatine kinase, in myocardial infarction 714
Creatinine, serum 758
Creatinine clearance test 759
Credentialing agency, for foreign-educated nurse 19

Criminal law 60b
Crisis
phases of 964
types of 964, 965b
Crisis theory and intervention 964–977
abusive behaviors 967–968
bullying 968
child abduction 969–970
child abuse 970–971, 970b
family violence 968–969, 968f
grief and loss
communication during 966b
nurse’s role in 965
latchkey child 971
older adult, abuse of 971–972, 972b
rape and sexual assault 972
suicidal behavior 965–967, 966b
Critical pathway 74
Crohn’s disease 639–640
“Cross-eye,” 424
Crossmatching 1007
Croup, bacterial 431, 432f
CRRT See Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)
Crutch walking 876–877
Cryoprecipitates 1007
Cryosurgery, for cervical cancer 540
Cryptorchidism 462
CSF See Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Cuff
endotracheal tubes 1016, 1018f
tracheostomy tubes 1019b
Cuffed fenestrated tube 1019b
Cullen’s sign 637
Cultural assessment, in perioperative nursing care 196b
Cultural competency, in mental health nursing 921
Cultural preferences 42
Culture
skin/wound 509
for burn injury care 1029b
urine 759
in pregnancy 274
Cushing’s disease 580, 583t, 584, 584f
Cushing’s syndrome 583t, 584, 584f, 609
Cutaneous stimulation 125

CVP See Central venous pressure (CVP)
Cyanosis 152b
in newborn 342
tetralogy of Fallot and 451
Cyberbullying 968
Cyclobenzaprine 891, 891b
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inhibitor 860b
Cyclophosphamide 569, 914
Cycloplegic medications 820–821, 820b
Cycloserine 687–688
Cyclosporine 791, 893, 914
for dermatitis 521b
for psoriasis 524
Cystectomy, for bladder cancer 552
Cystic fibrosis (CF) 438–440, 439b, 439f
Cystitis 774–775, 774–775b
postpartum 333
Cystoscopy 778
of bladder 760
Cytarabine 570
Cytomegalovirus, during pregnancy 291
Cytoreductive surgery, for cancer 533
Dabigatran etexilate 738, 738b
Damage, in proof of liability 60
Dantrolene 891, 891b
Dapsone 525
Daunorubicin 570
Dawn phenomenon 591
DCT See Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
De-escalation techniques 939b
Death 241
fetal, in utero 285
postmortem care in 241, 242b
Debridement, of burn injury 1029
“Debulking” surgery, for cancer 533
Decelerations, in fetal heart rate
early 308, 308f
late 308, 308f
variable 308, 308f
Decentralization 77
Decerebrate (extensor) posturing 834

in head injury 468, 468f
Decision making 76
Decompressive laminectomy 1055
Decongestants 825–826, 825b
Decorticate (flexion) posturing 834
Deep full-thickness burn 1025, 1025f
Deep tendon reflexes, assessment of 165, 165b
magnesium sulfate in 363t
Deep vein thrombophlebitis 720, 722b
Deep vein thrombosis 212
Deep-breathing, preoperative 195, 195b
Deer fly fever 177
Defamation 61
Defense mechanisms 923, 923b
in Freud’s theory, of psychosexual development 222
Deferoxamine, for iron overload 1011
Defibrillation 709
Defibrillator
automated external 709
automated implantable cardioverter- 709–710
Degenerative joint disease 881b, 882
Dehiscence, wound, postoperative 202–203, 203f
Dehydration 96
in children 397–398, 398t
hypertonic 96–97
hypotonic 97
isotonic 96–97
Delavirdine 912
Delayed hypersensitivity 898
Delegation
principles and guidelines of 81b
process of 81–82
questions on examination associated with 34–35, 35b
Delirium 250t
management of 1056
withdrawal 956, 956b
Delivery
cesarean 313
forceps 313
Delivery systems
health care 73–74
nursing 74
Delusions, in schizophrenia 943–944, 943b
Dementia 250t, 946–947
Democratic leadership 75
Dendrites 831
Denial defense mechanisms 923b
Denileukin diftitox 572
Dense bone 869
Dental care
for preschooler 235
for toddler 234
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), genetic testing 274
Dependent personality disorder 946
Depersonalization/derealization disorder 937
Depressants, central nervous system, respiratory acidosis due to 112b
Depressed fracture 872b
Depression 940b
in bipolar disorder 938b
in older client 249, 250t
postpartum 328b
Depressive disorders 938–940
Dermatitis
in child 373, 373b
medications to treat 521, 521b
Dermatological findings, in liver dysfunction 633f
Descent, in labor 306b
Desensitization 926
Designated donation 1007
Despair
Desquamation, dry or moist, as radiation therapy side effect 390t
Detachment
Developmental age, oral medication administration and 500
Developmental dysplasia of hip 478–479, 478b, 479f
Dexamethasone 363, 580, 1055
Dexmedetomidine 1056
Diabetes insipidus 582, 605, 757
Diabetes mellitus 589–590, 608
acute complications of 591–594, 592–594b, 593f, 594t
care of client with undergoing surgery 596
in children 399–402, 399b, 399f
sick day rules for 402b

chronic complications of 594–596, 596b
diet and 590
exercise and 590
gestational 283
medications for 610–614, 611–612t, 612b, 612f
metabolic acidosis in 114, 114b
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) 114, 114b, 590, 593–594, 593f, 594t, 1032–1033, 1032f,
1033t
in children 402
Diabetic mother, newborn of 353–354
Diabetic nephropathy 595
Diabetic neuropathy 595–596, 596b
Diabetic retinopathy 594–595
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders 924
Dialysate bath 767
Dialysate solution 770–771
Dialysis
hemodialysis 766–767
access for 767–769, 768f
complications of 769, 770b
principles of 766–767
peritoneal 770–771, 770f
complications of 772
renal diet and 143, 143b
Diarrhea
fluid and electrolyte imbalance due to 95
in irritable bowel syndrome, treatment for 652, 653b
medications to control 653, 653b
metabolic acidosis due to 114b
Diarthrosis 870t
Diascopy 509
Diastolic blood pressure, in preeclampsia 289t
Diastolic failure 715
Diastolic pressure 123
in hypertension 727
Diazepam 859, 891, 891b
DIC See Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Diclofenac sodium 522, 522b
DID See Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
Didanosine 912
Diencephalon 830
Diet
carbohydrate-consistent 142
cardiac 141, 141b
for child
with diabetes mellitus 400
with gastroesophageal reflux disease 410
diabetes mellitus and 590
fat-restricted 142
following bariatric surgery 630b
gluten-free 143, 412, 412b
high-calcium 143
high-calorie, high-protein 142
high-iron 143
high-residue, high-fiber 141
liquid
clear 140
full 140
low-purine 143
low-residue, low-fiber 141
mechanical soft 140
potassium-modified 143
protein-restricted 142
renal 143, 143b
sodium-restricted 141b, 142
soft 140–141
vegan and vegetarian 144
during pregnancy 276–277
Diffusion 94
Digoxin 448, 740–741
Dilation of cervix, in labor and birth 309, 309t
D-dimer 662
Diphtheria 492
Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (DTaP) 231
Direct-acting arteriolar vasodilators 746–747, 746b
Directing, as function of management 76b
Disasters, in safe and effective care environment 176
Disasters and emergency response planning
American Red Cross and 83–84
description of 83–86
levels of 84–85, 84b
phases of 84
triage in 85–86, 85–86b
types of 83b
Discharge planning 81, 81b
in mental health nursing 925
Discharge teaching
in pediatric cardiac catheterization 453
postoperative 203–204, 203b
Disciplinary action 59–60
Discomforts, postpartum 327, 328b
Disease progression, of tuberculosis 671
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) 892–893
Disenfranchised grief 964
Disk herniation 878–880
Disk surgery 879b
Diskectomy 879b
Diskectomy with fusion 879b
Dislocation
developmental dysplasia of hip 478b
of joint 878
Displacement defense mechanisms 923b
Disposal, of infectious wastes 172
Dissecting aortic aneurysms 725
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
as oncological emergency 555, 1030–1031
in pregnancy 284, 284b, 284f
Dissociation defense mechanisms 923b
Dissociative amnesia 937
Dissociative disorder 937
Dissociative identity disorder (DID) 937
Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) 756
Distal splenorenal shunt, for esophageal varices 634, 1034, 1035f
Distress
fetal, in labor and birth 320–321
respiratory, in newborn 349
Disulfiram 957
Diuretic phase, of acute kidney injury 761, 762b
Diuretics 741–742, 741–742b
metabolic alkalosis due to 114b
osmotic 863–864
Divalproex sodium 858t, 859
Diverticulitis 640
Diverticulosis 640
Dix-Hallpike maneuver 156b
DKA See Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

DMARDs See Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
Do not resuscitate (DNR) prescriptions 67
Dobutamine 740b, 748
Documentation
do’s and don’ts of 67b
of health and physical assessment findings 167
as legal safeguards 67
with use of safety devices 174, 174b
Documents, needed by foreign-educated nurse 19, 19b
Domestic violence screening 148
Donepezil 986
Donor
of eyes 806
of heart 705
of kidney 772–773
of organ 62–63
Dopamine 740b, 748
Dopaminergic medications 856–857, 857b
Doppler blood flow analysis, in pregnancy 274
Dosage
calculation of 187, 187b
pediatric 502, 502b
infusion prescribed by unit dosage per hour 188, 188b
Double lumen urinary catheter 1016
Double-lumen tube, of tracheostomy 1019b
Dowager’s hump 249f
Down syndrome 474
Doxorubicin 570
DPI. see Dry powder inhaler (DPI)
Drag and drop question 14, 15b, 27
Drainage
postural, positioning clients for 211
wound 509
Drainage system, chest tube 1021–1023, 1022f
Dressings
materials used for 517t
postoperative care of 198
types of 517t
Drip chambers, in intervenous therapy 995, 995f
Drop arm test 872
Drop attacks seizure 840b
Droplet precautions 176
Dropping, in labor and birth 304
Drops
ear, instillation of 824
eyes 820
Drug dependency 957–960, 957–958b
Dry powder inhaler (DPI) 678, 679f
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry 871
Dumping syndrome 629, 629b
Duodenal ulcers 628b, 629
pathophysiological components of 650f
Duodenum 622
Dura mater 830
Durable power of attorney 67
Duration, in differentiating delirium, depression, and dementia 250t
Duty, in proof of liability 60
Dynamic exhibit and constructed response 12b, 14
Dysfunctional grief 964
Dysplasia, bronchopulmonary, in newborn 349
Dyspnea, in dying client 241b
Dyspraxia, in stroke 842b
Dysreflexia, autonomic 1054
manifestation of 1052b
in spinal cord injury 838b, 1056b
Dysrhythmias, cardiac 705–708, 705–708f, 706–707b
Dystocia, in labor and birth 320
Ear drops, instillation of 824
Ear problems 799–818
acoustic neuroma as 812
cerumen and foreign bodies in 813
external otitis 810
fenestration 811
hearing loss
conductive 808, 808f
facilitating communication in 809b
hearing aids for 809
mixed 808–809
sensorineural 808, 808f
signs of 809b
labyrinthitis 811
mastoiditis 810–811
medications for
administration of 824–825
anti-infective 825, 825b
antihistamines and decongestants for 825–826, 825b
ceruminolytic 826
Meniere’s syndrome 811–812
otitis media 425–426
chronic 810, 810b
otosclerosis 811
presbycusis 809–810
risk factors for 808b
trauma as 812–813
Early adulthood
developmental stages of 238
Erikson’s stages of development in 220b, 220t
Early decelerations, in fetal heart rate 308, 308f
Ears
assessment of 155–156, 156b
in newborn 342
diagnostic tests for 807–808
irrigation of 824–825, 825f
Eating disorders 953–954, 954f
Eating habits, examination and 22
EBCT See Electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT)
Ebola virus disease (EVD) 178
EBUS See Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)
Echocardiography 700
Eclampsia 289, 289t, 290b
Economic exploitation 969b
ECT See Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Ectopic pregnancy 284, 285f
Eczema, in child 373, 373b
Edema
ankle, in pregnancy 270
of croup 432f
fluid and electrolyte and 93
pulmonary
with heart failure 716, 716b
Edrophonium 855
Edrophonium chloride 856b
Edrophonium (Tensilon) test 845, 855
Efavirenz 912
Ego, in Freud’s theory, of psychosexual development 222

Egophony 160b
Eighth cranial nerve 807
Electrical safety 171–172
Electrocardiography 699–700, 699b
in angina 713
changes, in electrolyte imbalances 99t
stress test 700
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) 940b
Electroencephalography, of neurological system 833
Electrolytes 93 See also Fluid and electrolyte balance
cardiovascular testing of 698–699
components of 94b
definition of 93
imbalances in, electrocardiographic changes in 99t
measurement of 93
overload of intravenous therapy 998–1000t
properties of 94b
Electromyography (EMG) 872
Electron 94b
Electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT) 701
Electronic IV infusion devices 995–996
Electronystagmography (ENG) 807–808
Electrophysiological studies 701
Elimination
preoperative 194
ELISA See Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Emancipated minor 64
Embolectomy 726–727
Embolism
air
as complication, in hemodialysis 769b
with intravenous therapy 998–1000t
of amniotic fluid, in labor and birth 320
catheter 998–1000t
fat 875, 875b
pulmonary
with fractures 875
postoperative 200
postpartum 335
Embryonic period, in fetal development 260b
Emergencies
oncological 555–556, 1030
spinal cord injury 1052–1053
Emergency department triage 86, 86b
Emergency response planning 83–86, 83–85b, 176
EMG See Electromyography (EMG)
Emollients, as laxatives 653, 653b
Emotional changes, postpartum 327, 328b
Emotional characteristics, in schizophrenia 941
Emotional lability, pregnancy and 269
Emotional violence 969b
Emotionally incompetent clients, informed consent issues with 63, 63b
Emphysema 112b
Employee guidelines 59
Empowerment 76
Empyema 669
Emtricitabine 912
Emtricitabine/tenofovir 912
Encephalitis 846–847
Encephalopathy, portal systemic 632
Encopresis 415–416
End-of-life care 239–241, 239b
Endarterectomy, carotid artery, for stroke 841
Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) 660
Endocarditis 717–718, 718b
Endocardium 696
Endocrine disorders
of adrenal gland 583–586, 583–584b, 583t, 584f, 586b
of pancreas 589–591, 592b
of parathyroid glands 588–589
of pituitary gland 581–583, 581b
risk factors of 578b
of thyroid gland 586–588, 586t, 587–588b, 587f
Endocrine findings, in liver dysfunction 633f
Endocrine glands
anatomy and physiology of 578–579, 578b
pancreatic 623
Endocrine medications 605–619
androgens 609, 609b
antidiuretic hormones 605
antithyroid 606–607, 606b
contraceptives 610
corticosteroids as 607–608b
for diabetes mellitus 610–614, 611–612t, 612b, 612f
parathyroid 607, 607b
pituitary 605, 606b
progestins 609–610, 610b
thyroid hormones 606, 606b
Endocrine system 578–604
anatomy and physiology of 578–579, 578–579b, 579f
diagnostic tests of 579–581
physiological maternal changes in 268
problems of 397–405
Endolymphatic hydrops 811
Endometrial cancer 542
Endorsement, interstate 19
Endoscopic injection, for esophageal varices 634, 1034
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) 624–625
Endoscopic ultrasonography, gastrointestinal 625
Endoscopic variceal ligation 634, 1034
Endoscopy
capsule 623–624
upper gastrointestinal 624
Endotracheal tubes 1016, 1018f
Enema
for constipation and encopresis in children 415
Enfuvirtide 913
ENG See Electronystagmography (ENG)
Engagement, in labor and birth 304, 306b
Engorgement, in breast 325, 326b, 327
Enoxaparin 737–738, 738b
Enteral nutrition 144
Enteric-coated tablets 185
Enterocolitis, necrotizing, in newborn 350
Enucleation, ocular 805
Enuresis 461–462
Environment, for health and physical assessment 148
Environmental factors, in cancer development 387
Environmental safety 171–174, 171b, 171t
Environmental temperature 120
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 286, 489t
Enzymes
for cancer 571, 571b

liver, in preeclampsia 289t
pancreatic
intestinal juice 622
Epicardial pacing
invasive 710–711
wires 704, 1046
Epicardium 696
Epididymitis 780
Epidural block, lumbar, for labor and birth 311
Epidural catheter 1001–1002, 1002f
Epidural hematoma 837b
Epiglottis 658
Epiglottitis 431–432, 432f
Epinephrine 748
Episiotomy 327
in labor and birth 312–313
Episodic/follow-up assessment 148b
Epispadias 462–463, 462f
Epistaxis 427
Epstein-Barr virus 493
Equilibrium 807
Equivalents 184b
ERCP See Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
Ergonomic principles 209, 211b
Ergot alkaloid 365–366
Erikson’s theory, of psychosocial development 219, 220b, 220t
Erysipelas 511
Erythema 152b
Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) 493, 493f
Erythema marginatum, of rheumatic fever 454f
Erythema migrans, of Lyme disease 904f
Erythroblastosis fetalis, in newborn 351, 351f
Erythrocyte protoporphyrin test 418
Erythromycin 525
Erythropoietic growth factors 792–793, 792b
Erythropoietin, for colony-stimulating factors 572b
Escharotomy, for burn injury 1028
Esophageal atresia 408–409, 409f
Esophageal tube 1015
Esophageal varices 632, 634f, 1034, 1035f
Esophagoduodenostomy 628
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy 624
Esophagojejunostomy 545b, 628

Esophagus 622
cancer of 544
Essential fatty acids 137
Essential hypertension 728
ESSR method, of feeding 408
Estrogens 609–610, 609b
for malignancy 571b
ESWL. see Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
Etanercept 893
Ethambutol 685
Ethical and legal issues 58–72, 58b
advance directives 67–68
client’s rights 61–63, 62b
collective bargaining 61
confidentiality/information security 64–66, 65b
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and 64, 65b
informed consent 63–64, 63b
legal liability 60–61, 60–61b, 60f
legal risk areas 61
legal safeguards 66–67, 66–67b
regulation of nursing practice 59–60
reporting responsibilities 68
Ethical codes 58
Ethical reasoning 58
Ethics 58–59
codes of 58
dilemma 58
principles of 58, 58b
Ethionamide 687
Ethnic groups 45
Ethnicity, in mental health nursing 921
Ethosuximide 858t, 859
Etravirine 912
Evaluation, questions on examination associated with 32–33, 32b
EVD See Ebola virus disease (EVD)
Event, as ingredients of question 26, 27b
Event query
as ingredients of question 26, 27b
positive and negative 29, 29–30b
Evidence-based practice 77, 77t
Evisceration, wound, postoperative 202–203, 203b, 203f
Ewald tube 1015
Exam results, NCLEX-RN® examination and 25
Exanthema subitum 490, 490f

Excisional biopsy 532
Exenatide 613
Exenteration
ocular 805
pelvic 541, 541b
Exercise
challenges, in asthma 436b
diabetes mellitus and 590
in children 400
preoperative 195, 195b
Exercise electrocardiography testing (stress test) 700
Exhibit questions 9, 10b, 27
Exocrine gland 623
dysfunction in cystic fibrosis 438, 439f
Exophthalmos 587f
Expectorants and mucolytic agents 682
Expert power 76b
Expulsion, in labor 306b
Extension, in labor 306b
Extensor posturing 834
External beam radiation 534, 534b
External disasters 176
External ear 806
External fixation, of fracture 873, 873f
External jugular vein, in dehydration, pediatric 398t
External otitis 810
External rotation, in labor 306b
External version, in fetus 312
Extracellular compartment 93
Extracellular fluid 94f
buffer systems in 110–111
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 349
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) 778–779
Extraocular muscle, assessment of 154, 154f
Extremities
assessment of, in newborn 343–344
lower
amputation of, positioning clients for 211–212
peripheral sites in 996, 996f
Extubation, of endotracheal tubes 1018
Exudative macular degeneration 804
Eye(s)

assessment of 153–155, 154b, 154f
of newborn 342
donation of 806
irritation of, with chronic kidney disease 766
muscles of 800
prophylaxis of, for newborn 367
Eye problems 799–818
cataracts as 802, 802f, 803b
chemical burns 805–806, 805b
contusions 805
donation in 806
enucleation and exenteration 805
foreign bodies 805
glaucoma 802–803
hyphema 805
legal blindness 801
macular degeneration 804
ocular melanoma 804–805
pediatric 424–430
conjunctivitis 424–425
strabismus 424
penetrating objects 805
refractive errors 801
retinal detachment 803–804, 804f
Face
assessment of 152
changes, in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders 353, 353f
Face tent 1038
for oxygen delivery system 433t
Facial expression, in mental status exam 151
Facial nerve 163–164t
Facial paralysis 846
Failure of examination, candidate performance report following 19
Falling test, in vestibular assessment 156b
Fallopian tubes 258
Falls, prevention of 172, 173b
False imprisonment 61, 924
False labor 306, 306b
False pelvis 258
Family, as extension of mental health client 921

Family history 148
Family planning 261–262
Family therapy 927
Family violence 968–969, 968f
Famotidine 651
Fantasy defense mechanisms 923b
Farsightedness 801
Fasciotomy, for burn injury 1028–1029
FASDs See Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs)
Fasting blood glucose 131
Fat, metabolic acidosis due to high intake of 114b
Fat embolism 875, 875b
Fat emulsion, in parenteral nutrition 1003, 1003b
Fat-soluble vitamins 137, 138b
Fatigue
with leukemia, pediatric 387–388
in pregnancy 270
with rheumatoid arthritis 881
Fats
diet for restriction of 142
nutrition and 137
Fear
associated with dying 241b
of injury, pain and
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 84, 84b
Feeding
in newborn 347
in pediatric patient
with cleft lip and palate 408
ESSR method of 408
Feet, peripheral sites in 996, 996f
FEMA See Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
Female genitalia, assessment of 165–166
in newborn 343
Female reproductive system
family planning 261–262
fertilization and implantation 259–260
fetal circulation 261, 262f
fetal development 260, 260b

fetal environment 260–261
infertility 261–262
menstrual cycle 258, 259b
pelvis and measurements 258–259
structures of 258
Female-to-male (FTM) 46
Femoral catheter 767, 1001f
Femoral thrombophlebitis 336b
Fencing, in newborn 346
Fenestrated tube, of tracheostomy 1019b
Fentanyl 363
Fern test 275
Fertility medications 368–369, 368b
Fertilization 259
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) 353, 353f
Fetal circulation 261, 262f
Fetal circulation bypass 261, 262f
Fetal death in utero 285
Fetal demise, intrauterine, in labor and birth 321
Fetal distress, in labor and birth 320–321
Fetal heart rate (FHR) 261
fetal distress and 320
monitoring, in labor and birth 307–309
nonreassuring
during oxytocin infusion 365b
patterns of 309, 309b
variability in 307b
Fetal lie 304, 305f
Fetal movement counting 275
Fetal period, in fetal development 260b
Fetal presentation 304, 305b, 305f
α-Fetoprotein screening 274
Fetor hepaticus 632
Fetus
biophysical profile of 274
development of 260, 260b
environment of 260–261
external version in 312
monitoring, in labor and birth 307–309, 307b, 308f
position of 304, 305b, 305f
relationship with, in pregnancy 269
Fever
in children 397
deer fly 177

hemorrhagic 178
rabbit 177
respiratory alkalosis due to 113b
in rheumatic fever 454, 454f
Rocky Mountain spotted 494
in roseola 490
scarlet 492–493, 493f
FHR See Fetal heart rate (FHR)
Fiber, in high-residue, high-fiber diet 141
Fiberoptic colonoscopy 624, 625b
Fibrillation
atrial 706, 706f
ventricular 707–708, 708f
Fibroblastic phase, of wound healing 508
Fibronectin test, in pregnancy 275
Fidelity, ethical 58b
Fifth disease 493, 493f
Figure questions 9, 10b
Fill-in-the-blank questions 8, 8b, 27
Filters
in intravenous therapy 995
vena cava 727, 727f
Filtration 95
Financial status, further questions based on 43b
Fire extinguishers 171t
Fire safety 171, 171t
First-line medications, for tuberculosis 683–685, 683b
Fistula
arteriovenous, for hemodialysis 768–769, 768f
trachea-innominate artery 1020–1021t
tracheoesophageal 408–409, 409f, 1020–1021t
Fixation, of fracture 873
external 873, 873f
internal 873, 873f
Fixation defense mechanisms 923b
Flaccid posturing 834
Flail chest 662, 1041
Flatulence, in pregnancy 268
Flexion, in labor 306b
Flexor posturing 834
Floating 59
Flow rates 187–188, 188b
Flu shots 688

Flu vaccine 495
Fludrocortisone acetate 607
Fluid and electrolyte balance 93–109
in cardiac surgical unit postoperative interventions 704, 1046
concepts of 93, 94b, 94f, 96f
description of 96
fluid volume deficit in 96–98, 97t
fluid volume excess in 97t, 98
in hypercalcemia 102–103, 103t
in hyperkalemia 99–100, 99t, 100b
in hypermagnesemia 104t
in hypernatremia 101–102, 101t
in hyperphosphatemia 105
in hypocalcemia 102, 103f, 103t
in hypokalemia 98–99, 99t
in hypomagnesemia 103–104, 104t
in hyponatremia 100–101, 101t
in hypophosphatemia 104–105
in liver dysfunction 633f
maintaining 96, 97t
postoperative 198
Fluid overload, see also Circulatory overload 98
Fluid volume deficit 96–98, 97t
Fluid volume excess 97t, 98
Fluoride supplementation, for infant 233
Fluoroquinolones
as renal medications 788–789, 789b
Fluorouracil 522, 522b
Flutter mucus clearance device 439
Foam dressing 517t
Focused assessment 148b
Folate deficiency anemia 557–558
Folic acid supplements, in pregnancy 276
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), in menstrual cycle 258
Folliculitis 510
Fontanels 341, 341t
Food
gas-forming 141, 141b
high-fiber 416b
for hypoglycemia 402b
for infant 233
iron-rich 138b
nutrients in 138b
sodium in 101
Foot boots, for proper positioning 213b
Foot care, preventive 595, 596b
Forceps delivery, in labor and birth 313
Foreign bodies
aspiration, in children 441, 441f
in ears 813
ocular 805
Foreign-educated nurse
credentialing agency for 19
documents needed by 19
licensure requirements for 19
National Council of State Boards of Nursing and 19
visa for 19
Formal operations, of cognitive development 221
Formal organizations 76–77
Formula feeding, of newborn 347
Forward failure, of heart 715
Forward side-lying position 210f
Fosamprenavir 912
Fosfomycin 788, 789b
Fosphenytoin 858
Foster children, care for 49–50, 50b
Foundation, of pathways to success 20–23
Fowler’s position 209
high 211
semi 209
Fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), in mechanical ventilation 1040t
Fractures 872–874, 872b
casts for 875
complications of 875–876, 875b
fixation of 873, 873f
initial care of 872–873
reduction of 873
traction for 873, 874f
types of 872b
Fraud 61
Fremitus, tactile and vocal 157
Fresh-frozen plasma 1007
Freud’s theory, of psychosexual development 221–222, 222–223b
Friedman curve 309, 310f
Frontal lobe 831b
Frontline manager 76
Frostbite 512
Full liquid diet 140
Full-thickness burn 1024–1025, 1024f
deep 1025, 1025f
Functional nursing 74
Fundal height, physiological maternal changes in 325, 326f
Fundal massage, for uterine atony 334f
Furuncles 510
Fusiform aortic aneurysms 725
Fusion inhibitors 913
Gag reflex 157, 834b
Gait belt 172
Gaits, crutch 876, 876t
Galantamine 986
Galeazzi sign 478
Gallbladder
inflammation of 630
surgical removal of 631
Gallstones 630
Gas-forming foods 141, 141b
Gastrectomy 628
subtotal 545b
Gastric analysis 624
Gastric cancer 544–545
Gastric protectants 649
Gastric resection 628
Gastric tube 1015
Gastric ulcers 627–629, 628b
pathophysiological components of 650f
Gastrin 622
Gastritis 627, 627b
Gastroduodenostomy 545b, 628, 628f
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) 626–627
Gastrointestinal (GI) findings, in liver dysfunction 633f
Gastrointestinal medications 649–656
antacids 649, 650f, 650t
antiemetics 652, 653b
bile acid sequestrants 651, 651b
to control diarrhea 653, 653b
gastric protectants 649

for Helicobacter pylori infection 651, 651b
for hepatic encephalopathy 651–652
histamine (H2)-receptor antagonists 649–651
for irritable bowel syndrome 652, 653b
laxatives 652–653, 653b
pancreatic enzyme replacements as 652
prokinetic agent 651
proton pump inhibitors 651, 651b
Gastrointestinal problems See also Gastrointestinal system
abdominal wall defects 414–415
appendicitis 412–413
celiac disease 411–412
cleft lip and cleft palate 407–408, 407f
constipation and encopresis 415, 416b
diarrhea 406–407
esophageal atresia 408–409, 409f
gastroesophageal reflux disease 409–410
hepatitis 417–418, 417b
Hirschsprung’s disease 413–414, 413f
hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 410–411, 410f
imperforate anus 416–417, 416b
intestinal parasites 420
intussusception 414, 414f
irritable bowel syndrome 416
lactose intolerance 411
poison, ingestion of 418–420, 418b, 419t
tracheoesophageal fistula 408–409, 409f
umbilical hernia 415
vomiting 406
Gastrointestinal system 622–648
anatomy and physiology of 622–623, 622b
anthrax transmission and symptoms in 177b
assessment of, in newborn 343, 345
bleeding in, with chronic kidney disease 764
chronic kidney disease manifestation in 763b
cystic fibrosis in 438
disorders of
appendicitis 640
bariatric surgery for 629, 630b, 630f

cirrhosis 631–632
Crohn’s disease 639–640
diagnostic procedures in 623–626, 623b, 625b
diverticulosis and diverticulitis 640–641
dumping syndrome 629, 629b
esophageal varices 632–634, 634f, 1034, 1035f
gastritis 627, 627b
gastroesophageal reflux disease 626
hemorrhoids 641
hepatitis 634, 635b, 637b
hiatal hernia 630
pancreatitis 636–638
peptic ulcer disease 627–629, 628b, 628f
risk factors of 622b
ulcerative colitis 638–639, 639b
vitamin B12 deficiency 629
positioning clients in 210–211, 211b
Gastrointestinal tract
physiological maternal changes of, in postpartum period 326
radiation therapy side effect in 390t
Gastrointestinal tube feedings 1012–1014
Gastrojejunostomy 545b, 628, 628f
Gastrostomy tube
administering medications via 1014b
for esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula 409
Gauges, intravenous 993–994
Gauze dressing, cotton 517t
Gaze, six cardinal positions of 154, 154f
Gaze nystagmus evaluation 156b
Gemfibrozil 749
Gender, further questions based on 43b
General anesthesia, for labor and birth 311
General background questions, for special populations needs 43b
Generalized anxiety disorder 934, 934b
Generalized edema 93
Generalized seizures 840b

Generic name 184
Genetic predisposition, in cancer development 532
Genital herpes simplex virus (HSV-2), in pregnancy 272, 273t
Genital stage, of psychosexual development 223b
Genitals, assessment of, in newborn 343
Genitourinary system, changes in older clients 172b
Gerontology 248
Gestation, multiple 291
Gestational diabetes mellitus 283
Gestational hypertension, in pregnancy 288
GFR See Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Giardiasis, in children 420
GLAAD Media Reference Guide: Transgender 46
Glasgow Coma Scale 835, 835b
Glaucoma 802–803
tonometry for diagnosis of 801
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 759, 763t
Glomerulonephritis 459–460, 459–460b, 776
Glomerulus 756
Glossopharyngeal nerve 163–164t
Gloves, in standard precautions 175
Glucagon 614
Glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) receptor agonists 613
Glucocorticoids 579b, 893
as endocrine medication 608–609, 608b
as respiratory medications 679b, 680
topical 521–523
Glucose, blood
in diabetes mellitus, pediatric 400
in diabetic ketoacidosis 402
in hyperglycemia, pediatric 401
in hypoglycemia, pediatric 401
in newborn, with hypoglycemia 354
Glucose challenge test, in pregnancy 274
Gluteal folds, asymmetry of, in developmental dysplasia of hip 478
Gluten-free diet 143, 412, 412b
Glycosides, cardiac 740–741
Glycosuria, in pregnancy 274
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HgbA1C) 131, 131t
diagnostic testing of 580
Gold salts 892
Gonorrhea, in pregnancy 272, 273t, 294

Good Samaritan laws 61
Goodell’s sign 266
Goodpasture’s syndrome 904
Gout 883–884
Gowns, in standard precautions 175
Grading, of cancers 531, 532b
Graduate’s perspective, NCLEX-RN® examination from 24–25
Graft(ing)
arterial vascular, positioning clients in 212
arteriovenous, for hemodialysis 768f, 769
coronary artery bypass 703–705, 703f, 1045–1046
skin, positioning clients with 209
Graft rejection
of donor eye 806, 806f
of donor kidney 774, 774b
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 572b
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor 572b
Granulocytes 1007
Granulomatous inflammation 671
Graphic item option questions 9, 11b
Grasp, palmar-plantar, in newborn 346
Gravida 266
Gravidity 266
Greenstick fracture 872b
Grief 964, 965b
in children 965b
in older client 250
Group A β-hemolytic streptococci 492
Group B Streptococcus (GBS), during pregnancy 291
Group development and group therapy 926–927
Group of clients, prioritizing when caring for 83, 83b
Growth, of bone 869
Growth and development
characteristics of stages of
in adolescent 237–238, 237b
in infant 232–234, 232–233b
in later adulthood 239
in middle adulthood 238–239
in preschooler 235–236, 235b
in school-age child 236, 237b
in toddler 234–235, 234b
stages of 226–247
communication approaches in 228, 228b
end-of-life care in 239–241, 239b
theories of 219–225
Erikson’s theory, of psychosocial development 219, 220b, 220t
Freud’s theory, of psychosexual development 221–222, 222–223b
Kohlberg’s theory, of moral development 221, 221b
Piaget’s theory, of cognitive development 219–221
Growth hormones, as endocrine medication 605, 606b
Guillain-Barré syndrome 846
Gums 157
Guns, safety in, for preschooler 236
Gynecoid pelvis 258
H1 blockers 681
HAART See Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
Habitual abortion 282b
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) 470
Haemophilus vaginalis 295
Hair
loss of, as radiation therapy side effect 390t
pediculosis capitis in 374
Hallucinations, in schizophrenia 943b, 944
Hallucinogens 958–959
intoxication 958b
Halo traction 1054
Haloperidol 1056
Hand hygiene, in standard precautions 175
Hand rolls, for proper positioning 213b
Hand washing, in standard precautions 175
Hand-wrist splints, for proper positioning 213b
Hands
assessment of arteries in 161b
Harassment, sexual 68
Hard palates 157
Harlequin sign 342
Harness, Pavlik 478, 479f
Harvesting, in bone marrow transplantation 535

HBsAG See Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG)
HDAg See Hepatitis D antigen (HDAg)
Head
assessment of 152
of newborn 341, 341f, 341t
lice in 374
Head circumference
of infant 232
of newborn 341
of toddler 234
Head halter traction 874f
Head injury, in children 467–469, 468f
Head lag, of newborn 341
Headaches, in pregnancy 270–271
Healing
of bone 870, 870f
wound
complications of 203f
by intention 508–509
phases of 508–509
Health care considerations
for battered individuals 49
for foster children 50
for homeless 47
for immigrants and refugees 52
for individuals with chronic illness 52
for individuals with mental illness 50–51
for intellectually disabled individuals 49
for LGBTQ population 46–47
for military veterans 51
for prisoners 51
for racial and ethnic minorities 45
for single parents 49
for socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals and families 48
for victims of abuse or neglect 49
Health care delivery systems 73–74
Health care provider (HCP), roles of 79
Health care provider (HCP) assistant, roles of 79
Health care team
collaboration among 79–80
consultation with 80
roles of 79
Health care workers, body mechanics for 211b
Health care-associated (nosocomial) infections 174–175

Health history 148
Health insurance coverage, further questions based on 43b
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) 64
Health promotion and maintenance
in antineoplastic medications administration 568
questions on examination associated with 4, 5t, 6b, 33–34
Hearing 807
Hearing aids 809, 809b
Hearing loss 155
cochlear implantation 809
conductive 808, 808f
facilitating communication in 809b
hearing aids for 809
mixed 808–809
presbycusis 809–810
sensorineural 808, 808f
signs of 809b
Heart
assessment of 159–160, 160f, 161b
changes in, during pregnancy 267, 268f
transplantation of 705
Heart chambers 696
Heart failure (HF) 715–716, 716b, 716t
Heart rate 697
in Apgar scoring 341t
apical
of adolescent 237b
of newborn and infant 232b
of preschooler 235b
of toddler 234b
fetal 261
monitoring, in labor and birth 307–309
nonreassuring, patterns of 309, 309b
variability in 307, 307b
in newborn 340
6-second strip method for 706b
Heart sounds 160, 697
Heartburn, in pregnancy 268, 270
Heat application, on pain 125

Heat loss, in newborn 346–347
Heavy metals, potentially nephrotoxic 761b
Heel-to-shin test 165
Hegar’s sign 266
Height
changes in, with aging 248, 249f
of infant 232
of preschooler 235
of school-age child 236
of toddler 234
Helicobacter pylori
gastric cancer associated with 532
infection, medications for 651, 651b
HELLP syndrome 287
Hematocrit 130, 130t
levels of, in antepartum diagnostic testing 273
Hematological disorders 531–566 See also Oncological disorders
anemia 556–557
bone marrow transplantation for 535
leukemia 387–389
lymphoma 538
multiple myeloma 538–539
pediatric 380–386
aplastic anemia 383
β-thalassemia major 382–383, 382b
Hematological findings, in liver dysfunction 633f
Hematological medications 567–576
Hematological system, changes in, with aging 248–249
Hematoma
cerebral 838, 1047–1048
as complication, in intravenous therapy 998–1000t
epidural 837b
postpartum 333, 334f
in pregnancy 285–286, 285b
subdural 837b
Hematopoietic growth factors 792–793, 792b
Hemianopsia, in stroke 842b, 843
Hemicanes 877
Hemodialysis 766–767
access for 767–769, 768f
complications of 769, 770b
principles of 766–767
Hemodynamic monitoring 1043, 1044f, 1057
Hemoglobin 130, 130t
levels of, in antepartum diagnostic testing 273
Hemoglobin system, in acid-base balance 110
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome 461, 461b
Hemophilia 381–382
Hemorrhage
intracerebral 837b
intraventricular, in newborn 350
postoperative 200
postpartum 333–334, 334b
medications used to 365–366, 365b
subarachnoid 837b
Hemorrhagic fever 178
Hemorrhoidectomy 210
Hemorrhoids 641
in pregnancy 268, 271
HepA See Hepatitis A vaccine (HepA)
Heparin, in parenteral nutrition 1004
Heparin sodium 737, 738b
Hepatic ducts 623
Hepatic encephalopathy, medications for 651–652
Hepatic system, assessment of, in newborn 344
Hepatitis 634, 635b
home care instructions 637b
Hepatitis A 634–635
in children 417
Hepatitis A vaccine (HepA) 231
Hepatitis B 635–636
in children 417
in pregnancy 285
pregnancy and 273–274
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG) 635
testing 906b
Hepatitis B vaccine 230, 274
for newborn 367
Hepatitis C 636
in children 417
transmission by blood transfusion 1011
Hepatitis D 636
in children 417
Hepatitis D antigen (HDAg) 636
Hepatitis E 636
in children 417
Hepatorenal syndrome 632
Herbal substances, effects in surgical patient 197b
Hernia
hiatal 630
intervertebral disk 878–880
umbilical 415
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 510
in pregnancy 273t, 291
Herpes zoster (shingles) 510
HESI/Saunders Online Review for the NCLEX-RN® Examination 2
Heterograft, for burn injury care 1029b
HHS See Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)
Hiatal hernia 630
Hickman catheter 1001f
High-calcium diet 143
High-calorie, high-protein diet 142
High-fat diet, metabolic acidosis due to high intake of 114b
High-fiber (high-residue) diet 141, 141b
High-fiber foods 416b
High Fowler’s position 211
High-iron diet 143
High-output failure, of heart 715
High-risk conditions, for sudden infant death syndrome 441
Highlighting items 14, 16b
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) 912
Highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) 698
Hinduism, end-of-life care and 239b
Hip
developmental dysplasia of 478–479, 478b, 479f
fractured 877–878
replacement of, positioning clients for 213
HIPAA See Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Hispanics/Latino
risk factors in 43–45
Histamine (H2)-receptor antagonists 649–651
Histamine antagonists 681
Histoplasmosis 670
Histrionic personality disorder 945

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors 748–749, 749b
Hodgkin’s disease 538
in children 389–390, 389f, 390t
Hoffman II 873f
Holter monitoring 700
Home care instructions
after cardiac surgery 453b
for asthma 438
for cardiac surgery 1047b
cystic fibrosis 440
digoxin administration in children 449b
for hepatitis 637b
in neural tube defects 473
in parenteral nutrition 1006b
Homeless individuals, care for 47, 48b
Homeostasis
of acidity 757
fluid and electrolyte and 93
of potassium 757
of sodium 757
of water 756–757
Homocysteine 698
Homograft, for burn injury care 1029b
Homonymous hemianopsia, in stroke 842b, 843
Horizontal lie, in labor and birth 304, 305f
Hormonal medications
for acne vulgaris 524b, 526
for cancer 571, 571b
Hormones, ovarian 258
Horns, of spinal cord 830
Hospice care 239–240
Hospital staffing 59
Hospital-acquired infections 174
Hospitalization
client’s rights during 62b
developmental stages in
of adolescent 227–228
of infant and toddler 226
of preschooler 226–227
Hospitalized client, with tuberculosis 672–673
Hot spot questions 9
enhanced 14, 14b
24-hour urine collection 758

Household systems 183, 184b
hsCRP See Highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP)
HSV See Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
infection, in children 487, 488b, 488f
life cycle of 905f
mother with, newborn of 353–354
in pregnancy 272, 273t, 286–287
progression of, tests for 906b
testing 898–899
Human papillomavirus
during pregnancy 273t, 294
vaccine 232
Humoral response 898
Hunchback 162b
Hydantoins 858
Hydatidiform mole, in pregnancy 287
Hydrocele
communicating 415
noncommunicating 415
Hydrocephalus 469–470, 470f
Hydrochloric acid 622
Hydrocodone/homatropine 862
Hydrocolloidal dressing 517t
Hydrogel dressing 517t
Hydrogen ions 110
concentration in blood
regulatory systems for 110–111, 111–112f
in respiratory acidosis 111
in respiratory alkalosis 112–113
Hydromorphone 127, 861
Hydromorphone hydrochloride 363
Hydronephrosis 777, 777f
Hydrostatic pressure 95
Hydrotherapy, for burn injury 1029
Hydroxychloroquine 893
Hygiene care, depression and 940b
Hyperaldosteronism 114b
primary 584–585
Hyperbilirubinemia, in newborn 350–351
Hypercalcemia 102–103, 103t
cardiac changes with 699
electrocardiographic changes in 99t

as oncological emergencies 555–556, 1031
Hypercortisolism 584, 584f
Hypercyanotic spell 451, 451b
Hyperemesis gravidarum, in pregnancy 287
Hyperglycemia 589, 605
as complication of parenteral nutrition 1004, 1005–1006t
in diabetic child 401, 402b
Hyperhemolytic crisis 381b
Hyperkalemia 99–100, 99t, 100b
with chronic kidney disease 764, 764f
as complication of blood transfusion 1011
potassium-modified diet for 143
Hyperlipidemia 447
Hypermagnesemia 104t
with chronic kidney disease 764–765
Hypernatremia 101–102, 101t
Hyperopia 801
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) 594, 594t, 1033–1034, 1033t
Hyperosmotic agent, for increased intracranial pressure 836b
Hyperparathyroidism 589
Hyperphosphatemia 105
with chronic kidney disease 765
Hyperpituitarism 581
Hyperplasia 780–781, 781f
Hypersensitivity 900
delayed 898
Hypertension 727–728, 728b
classifications of 123, 123b
gestational, in pregnancy 288
medications for 741–742, 741–742b
portal 631
Hypertensive crisis 729
Hypertensive disorders, of pregnancy 287–290, 288t
Hyperthermia 837
Hyperthyroidism 580, 586t, 587, 587f, 606
Hypertonic contractions, during oxytocin infusion 365, 365b
Hypertonic dehydration 96–97
Hypertonic overhydration 98
Hypertonic solutions 95, 993, 994t
Hypertonic uterine activity, in fetal heart rate 308–309

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 410–411, 410f
Hypertrophy, benign prostatic 780–781, 781f
Hyperventilation
neurogenic 834b
Hypervolemia 98
Hyphema 805
Hypocalcemia 102, 103t
as complication of blood transfusion 1011
test for 103f
Hypoglossal nerve 163–164t
Hypoglycemia 591–593, 592–593b
in diabetes mellitus, in children 401, 401b
food items for treatment of 402b
in newborn 354
Hypoglycemic medications, oral 590
Hypokalemia 98–99, 99t
Hypomagnesemia 103–104, 104t
Hyponatremia 100–101, 101t
Hypoparathyroidism 588
Hypophosphatemia 104–105
Hypophysectomy 581–582
Hypopituitarism 581
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 451–452
Hypospadias 462–463, 462f
Hypotension
in cardiogenic shock 1043
postural (orthostatic) 704, 1046
supine, in labor and birth 318–319
Hypothalamus 830
hormones of 578b
Hypothyroidism 580, 586, 586t, 606
in newborn 354
Hypotonic dehydration 97
Hypotonic overhydration 98
Hypotonic solutions 95, 993, 994t
Hypoventilation, respiratory acidosis due to 112b
Hypovolemia 96
Hypovolemic shock 1056
Hypoxemia
in newborn 344
postoperative 200
Hypoxia
Hysterectomy 541
Hysteria, respiratory alkalosis due to 113b
IBS See Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
ICP See Increased intracranial pressure (ICP)
Icteric stage, of hepatitis 635b
Id, in Freud’s theory, of psychosexual development 222
Identification (ID)
client, in blood products administration 1009b
needed for taking examination 16
of newborn 347
Identification defense mechanisms 923b
Idiopathic pain 124
Idiopathic scoliosis 480
Ileal conduit 552, 554b
Ileocecal valve 623
Ileostomy 546–547
permanent, total proctocolectomy with 639
Ileum 622
Ileus, postoperative paralytic 201
Illness, temperature and 121
Illusions, in schizophrenia 943
Iminostilbenes 859
Imiquimod 5% cream 522, 522b
Immediate postoperative period 197
Immigrants, care for 51–52
Immigration, further questions related to 43b
Immune globulin
hepatitis A 635
hepatitis B 636
Immune medications 912–918

Immune system
assessment of, in newborn 344–345
disturbances, in liver dysfunction 633f
functions of 898, 899f
immune response 898
laboratory testing in 898–900, 901f
T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in 898
Immune system disorders 898–911
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 904–905, 905f, 906b
in children 487, 488b, 488f
anaphylaxis 900, 900b, 901f
autoimmune disease 902–904
pemphigus 903–904
polyarteritis nodosa 903
scleroderma 903
systemic lupus erythematosus 902–903
systemic sclerosis 903
components of 488f
Goodpasture’s syndrome 904
hypersensitivity and allergy 900
immunodeficiency syndrome 904–906
Kaposi’s sarcoma 905–906
latex allergy as 900–902, 901–902b, 901f
Lyme disease 904, 904f
posttransplantation immunodeficiency 906
Immunity
acquired 898
innate 898
Immunizations/vaccines 229–230, 229b
childhood and adolescent 230–232, 231b
consent for 63b
contraindications and precautions 230
guidelines for administration 230, 230b
Immunodeficiency 904–906
posttransplantation 906
Immunoglobulin
for hepatitis, in children 417
quantitative 906b
Immunological medications
antibiotics as 914, 915b, 915–916t
human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 912–913,

913b
immunosuppressants 913–914, 914b

Immunomodulators 572, 572b
Immunosuppressants 913–914, 914b
for dermatitis 521, 521b
for inflammatory bowel disease 652b
for nephrotic syndrome 461
ophthalmic 821b
posttransplant immunodeficiency due to 906
Impacted fracture 872b
Impaired nurse, reporting of 68
Imperforate anus 416–417, 416b
Impetigo, in child 373–374, 374f
Implantable port, for intravenous therapy 1001, 1001f
Implantation 259
Implementation, questions on examination associated with 31–32, 32b
Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) 231, 488
Incarcerated hernia 415
Incarceration, further questions related to 43b
Incentive spirometry 195, 665b
Incision
for kidney transplantation 773f
preoperative splinting of 195, 196f
Incisional biopsy 532
Incompetent cervix, in pregnancy 290
Incomplete abortion 282b
Incomplete fracture 872b
Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) 832, 835–836, 836b, 862
in leukemia, pediatric 387, 388b
medications for 1050b
Incus 807
Indiana pouch 552
Indinavir 912
Indomethacin 449
Induced abortion 282b
Induction, in labor and birth 312
Inevitable abortion 282b
Infant
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for 355
choking 355, 355b, 355f
eczema in 373b
growth and development of

Erikson’s theory of 220b, 220t
Freud’s theory of 223b
hospitalized 226
Kohlberg’s theory of 221b
skills of 233b
vital signs of 232b
HIV and 286
increased intracranial pressure in 388b
nutrition and 139b
Infarction, myocardial 713–715, 714b
Infection
of amniotic cavity 282
at central venous catheter site 1004b
with fractures 876
health care-associated (nosocomial) 174–175
as intravenous therapy complications 998–1000t
with leukemia, pediatric 387, 388b
in older client 250, 251b
opportunistic, in pediatric, HIV/AIDS 487
postpartum 334–335
sepsis 352
sexually transmitted, pregnancy and 272–273, 273t, 293–295
standard precautions for prevention of 175
TORCH, in newborn 352
transmission-based precautions for prevention of 175–176
urinary tract 774–775, 774–775b
West Nile virus 847
wound 201–202, 202b
Infectious and communicable diseases 487–499
care of child with HIV and AIDS 487–489
chickenpox (varicella) 491, 491f
community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) 494
diphtheria 492
erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) 493, 493f
infectious mononucleosis 493–494
influenza 495
mumps 491
pertussis (whooping cough) 491–492

poliomyelitis 492
Rocky Mountain spotted fever 494
roseola (exanthema subitum) 490, 490f
rubella (German measles) 490–491, 490f
rubeola (measles) 489–490, 490f
scarlet fever 492–493, 493f
Infectious hepatitis 634
Infectious mononucleosis 493–494
Infectious wastes, disposal of 172
Infective endocarditis 718b
Infertility 261–262
Infiltration, prevention and intervention for 998–1000t
Inflammation
in wound healing 508
Inflammatory bowel disease, medications for 652, 652b
Inflammatory diseases of the heart 717–718, 718b
Infliximab 893
Influenza 668
in children 495
medications for 688–690, 689t
vaccine 231
Information bracelets, of newborn 347
Information security 64–66, 65b
Information technology, security and 66
Informational power 76b
Informed consent 62–64, 63b
before surgery 194
Infusions, prescribed by unit dosage per hour 188, 188b
Infusion pumps, for blood products administration 1008
Infusion time 188b
Ingenol mebutate 522, 522b
Inguinal hernia 415
Inhalants 959
intoxication 959b
Inhalation
anthrax transmission and symptoms 177b
injury due to 1025–1026
Inhalation devices
medication 678
respiratory 679f
Inhaled nonsteroidal antiallergy agent 679b, 680
Injectable medications, in powder form 187, 187b
Injection
angles of 185, 186f
endoscopic, for esophageal varices 634, 1034
for parenteral medication 185, 500
Injection site, for pediatric parenteral medication administration 500, 502f, 502t
Injury
fear of, pain and
to health care worker, prevention of 173, 173b
musculoskeletal 872
in proof of liability 60
spinal cord, positioning clients with 213
Innate immunity 898
Inner ear 807
Inotropic and cardiotonic medications 739–740, 740b, 740f
INR See International normalized ratio (INR)
Insensible loss 96
Insomnia, with chronic kidney disease 763
Inspection 151
of abdomen 161
of breast 161
of chest in lung assessment 157
Institutional policies 59
Insulation defense mechanisms 923b
Insulin/insulin therapy 590
administration of 591
complications of 590–591
deficiency of, in diabetes mellitus 400
injection sites for 612–613, 612f
medications for 610
storing for 612b
time activity of 612t
Insulin lipodystrophy 590–591
Insulin pumps 591
Insulin syringe 186–187, 187f
Insurance, liability 60–61
Integrase inhibitor 913
Integrated process 6, 7b
Integumentary disorders 508–520
acne vulgaris 514

actinic keratoses 512
bites and stings 511–512
Candida albicans 509–510
cellulitis 511
erysipelas 511
frostbite 512
herpes zoster (shingles) 510
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 510–511
pediatric 373–379
burn injuries 376, 376b
eczema (atopic dermatitis) 373, 373b
impetigo 373–374, 374f
pediculosis capitis (lice) 374–375, 375b
scabies 375–376, 375b, 375f
poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac 511
pressure injury 515, 516b
psoriasis 513–514
psychosocial impact of 508
risk factors for 508
skin cancer 512–513, 513b
wound healing phases in 508–509
Integumentary medications 521–529
for acne vulgaris 524–526, 524b, 525f
for actinic keratosis 522
for burn products 526, 526b
for dermatitis 521, 521b
for poison ivy 521, 521b
for psoriasis 523–524, 523b
sunscreens 522–523
topical glucocorticoids 521–522
Integumentary system
assessment of 151–152, 152b, 152t
burn injury 1023b, 1024f
chronic kidney disease manifestations in 763b
inhalation injuries 1025–1026
Intellectual disability (mental retardation) 474

care for 48–49
Intellectualization defense mechanisms 923b
Intention, wound healing by 508–509
Interferons, for malignancy 572
Interleukins, for malignancy 572
Intermittent infusion devices 995
Intermittent sequential compression 198f, 201
Internal disasters 176
Internal fixation of fracture 873, 873f
Internal jugular veins, catheterization for parenteral nutrition 1003
Internal rotation, in labor 306b
International normalized ratio (INR) 129, 738
Interpersonal conflict 78
Interpersonal psychotherapy 926
Interstate endorsement 19
Interstitial fluid 94f
Interventions
Intervertebral disk herniation 878–880
Intestinal obstruction, in cystic fibrosis 438
Intestinal tubes 1014–1015
Intestinal tumors 545–547
Intoxication, water 98
Intracellular compartment 93
Intracellular fluid 94f
Intracerebral hemorrhage 837b
Intracranial pressure (ICP), increased. see Increased intracranial pressure
Intractable angina 713
Intradermal injection, of parenteral medication 185, 186f
Intramuscular injection, of parenteral medication 185, 186f
in pediatric patient 500, 502f, 502t
Intraoperative pressure 801
Intrapersonal conflict 78
Intrathecal opioid analgesics, for labor and birth 311
Intrauterine fetal demise, in labor and birth 321
Intravascular compartment 93
Intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) 702
Intravenous (IV) containers 994
Intravenous (IV) fluids, for increased intracranial pressure 836b
Intravenous (IV) gauges 993–994
Intravenous (IV) medications

administration of 185, 186f, 500–501
calculations of
dosage 187b
flow rates 187–188, 188b
pediatric 500
Intravenous (IV) therapy 993–1002, 994t
central venous catheters for 1000–1001, 1001f
complications of 997–1000, 998–1000t
devices for 993
epidural catheter for 1001–1002, 1002f
initiation and administration of 996–997, 997b
latex allergy and 996
peripheral sites for 996, 996b, 996f
precautions in 997
types of solutions and 993, 994t
Intravenous (IV) tubing 994–995, 994–995f
flow rates and 188
Intravenous urography 759–760
Intraventricular hemorrhage, in newborn 350
Intrinsic factor 622
Introjection defense mechanisms 923b
Intubation procedures 1013b
Intussusception 414, 414f
Invasion of privacy 61
Invasive pacing
epicardial 710–711
transvenous 710
Inversion, uterine, in labor and birth 321
Involuntary admission 924–925
Involution, of uterus 325, 326f
Iodine, radioactive, uptake 580
Ionizing radiation, as warfare agent 178
Ions 94b
nephrotoxic 761b
iPLEDGE program 526
Irinotecan 571b
Iris 799
Iron
high intake of, diet for 143
overload, due to blood transfusion 1011
supplementation of, for infant 233
Iron deficiency anemia 557
Irrigation
of chemical eye injury 805b
continuous bladder 550, 551b
of ear 824–825, 825f
in nasogastric tubes 211, 1012
self-irrigation of urinary stoma 554b
Irritability, reflex, in Apgar scoring 341t
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) 416, 638
medications for 653b
treatment for 652
Ishihara chart 154
Islam
Isolation
defense mechanisms 923b
in older client 250
Isoniazid 295, 683–684
Isotonic dehydration 96–97
Isotonic overhydration 98
Isotonic solutions 95, 993, 994t
Isotretinoin, for acne vulgaris 525–526
Itch mite 375
IVUS See Intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS)
J point 699b
Jackson-Pratt device 543, 543f
Jaundice 152b
with cirrhosis 632
in hyperbilirubinemia 350
in newborn 344
Jehovah’s Witnesses
Jejunostomy tube, administering medications via 1014b
Jejunum 622
Joints
degenerative disease of 881b, 882
dislocation and subluxation of 878
juvenile idiopathic arthritis of 480
rheumatoid arthritis of 881–882, 881b
types of 869, 870t
Jones criteria for diagnosis of rheumatic fever 454b
Judaism
Judgment, in mental status exam 151b
Justice 58b
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis 480–481, 481b
Kaposi’s sarcoma 905–906
Keratolytics 523, 523b
Keratomileusis, laser-assisted in-situ 801
Keratosis, actinic 512
Keratotomy
photorefractive 801
radial 801
Kernig’s sign 165, 470, 835b, 847, 847f
Ketoacidosis, diabetic 114, 114b
in children 399f, 402
Kick counts 275
Kidney 756
acute injury of 761–762, 761–762b
chronic disease of 762, 763–764b, 763t, 764f
excretion of acids from 111
functions of 756
polycystic disease of 776–777
transplantation of 772–774, 773f, 774b
tumors of 779–780
Kidney, ureters, and bladder (KUB) radiography 759
Knee, total replacement 878
Knee jerk reflex 362
Kock pouch 552
Koebner phenomenon 514
Kohlberg’s theory, of moral development 221, 221b
Koplik’s spots 490
Kupffer cells 623
Kyphosis 162b
Labels
IV bag 994
medication 184
Labor and birth 304–317
anesthesia for 311
breathing techniques for 307, 307b
definition of 304
fetal monitoring in 307–309, 307b, 308f, 309b
four stages of 309–311, 309t, 310f
4 P’s of 304
interventions during, in diabetes mellitus 283–284
Leopold’s maneuvers during 306
mechanisms of 304–306, 306b
obstetrical procedures in 312–313, 312t
problems with 318–324, 318b
amniotic fluid embolism 320
dystocia 320
fetal distress 320–321
intrauterine fetal demise 321
precipitous labor and delivery 319–320
premature rupture of the membranes 318
preterm labor 319
prolapsed umbilical cord 318
rupture of the uterus 321
supine hypotension 318–319
uterine inversion 321
process of 304, 305b, 305f
true versus false 306b
Labor curve 309, 310f
Laboratory findings
in fluid volume deficit and excess 97t
in hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia 103t
in hypokalemia and hyperkalemia 99t
in hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia 104t
in hyponatremia and hypernatremia 101t
Laboratory reference intervals 127–132, 127f, 128t
Laboratory tests, for asthma 436b
Laboratory value, in acid-base imbalances 115t
Labyrinthitis 811
Lacerations, perineal 327
Lacrimal gland 800
Lactose intolerance
in children 411
in pregnancy 277
Lactulose 632
Laissez-faire leadership 75
Laminectomy 879b
decompressive 1055
Laminotomy 879b
Lamivudine 912
Lamivudine/zidovudine 912
Lamivudine/zidovudine/abacavir 912
Language disturbances, in schizophrenia 943, 943b
Lanugo, in newborn 342
Laparoscopy 624
Large for gestational age 348–349
Large intestine 622–623
Laryngectomy 548
speech rehabilitation following 549b
Laryngectomy stoma 548
Laryngoscopy 659–660
Laryngotracheobronchitis 432–433, 432b, 433t
Larynx 658
cancer of 548–549, 548f
Laser-assisted angioplasty 703
Laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) 801
Laser therapy
for cervical cancer 540
for lung cancer 547
for varicose veins 723
LASIK See Laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
LATCH, assessing 327
Latchkey child 971
Late decelerations, in fetal heart rate 308, 308f
Latency stage, of psychosexual development 223b
Latent phase, of labor 309, 309t, 310f
Later adulthood
developmental stages of 239
Lateral (side-lying) position 210, 210f
Latex allergy 900–902, 901–902b, 901f, 996
Lavacuator tube 1012f, 1015
Lavage tubes 1015
Laws 60
client’s rights and 62, 62b
Good Samaritan 61
types of 60, 60b, 60f
Laxatives 652–653, 653b
Lead poisoning 418–419
Leadership 75, 75b
Leflunomide 893
Left atrium 696
Left ventricle 696

Left ventricular failure 715
Leg cramps, in pregnancy 271
Leg exercises, preoperative 195
Legal and ethical issues, in end-of-life care 239
Legal blindness 801
Legal liability 60–61, 60–61b, 60f
Legal risk, areas of 61
Legal safeguards 66–67, 66–67b
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease 481–482
Legionnaire’s disease 668–669
Legitimate power 76b
Legs
assessment of arteries in 161b
Length, in newborn 341
Lens 800
cataracts of 802, 802f, 803b
Leopold’s maneuvers, for labor and delivery 306
Leprostatics, adverse effects of 915–916t
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning (LGBTQ) community See

LGBTQ community
Leukapheresis, for stem cell harvesting 535
Leukemia 536b
Leukopoietic growth factors 792b, 793
Leukotriene modifiers 679b, 680
Level of consciousness
in neurological system assessment 163–164
Levin tube 1011, 1012f
Lewin’s basic concept of the change process 78, 78f
LGBTQ community 45–47
family members of 46
health care considerations for 46–47
risk factors in 46
Liability, legal 60–61, 60–61b, 60f
proof of 60
Liability insurance 60–61
Libel 61
Lice, in child 374–375
Licensure requirements, for foreign-educated nurse 19, 19b
Ligation
endoscopic variceal, esophageal 634, 1034
of inferior vena cava 727
Light reflex
corneal 154
pupillary 154b
Light touch, assessment of 165
Lightening, in labor and birth 304
Limbic system 831b
Lincosamides, adverse effects of 915–916t
Lindane 375
Linea nigra 269
Lip, cleft 407–408, 407f
Lipids 130, 130t
levels, in coronary artery disease 712
medications for reduction of 748–749
in parenteral nutrition 1003, 1003b
serum 698
Lipodystrophy, insulin 590–591
Lipoprotein-α 698
Lips, assessment of 156
Liquid diet 140
Liraglutide 613
List, in pathways to success 20
Lithium 981–982, 981b
toxicity 982
hyponatremia and 101
Lithium carbonate, for bipolar disorder 938
Lithotomy position 209, 209f
Lithotripsy
extracorporeal shock wave 778–779
percutaneous 779
Liver
laboratory studies of 626
Liver biopsy 625–626
positioning clients and 210
client undergoing 211b
Liver enzymes, in preeclampsia 289t
Living situation, further questions based on 43b
Lobectomy, for lung cancer 547
Local anesthesia, for labor and birth 311
Lochia 325, 326b
Longitudinal lie, in labor and birth 304, 305f
Loop diuretics 741–742, 741–742b
Lopinavir/ritonavir 912
Lorazepam 858t, 859
Lordosis 162b
Loss 964–965
perinatal, postpartum 336
Loss of control
Lou Gehrig’s disease 846
Lovastatin 748, 749b
Low-output failure, of heart 715
Low-purine diet 143
Lower extremities
amputation of 211–212
Lower respiratory airway 658–659
Lubricants, ophthalmic 822, 822b
Lumbar disk herniation 879
Lumbar epidural block, for labor and birth 311
Lumbar puncture 832
Lumbar spine injuries 1052
interventions for 1055
Lumpectomy 543b
Lung biopsy 661
Lung scan, ventilation-perfusion 661
Lung surfactants 366–367
Lungs
assessment of 157–159, 157b, 158–159f, 159t, 160b
cancer of 547–548
metastatic 531b
physiological maternal changes in 268f
water loss from 96
Lupus 902–903
Luteal phase, of menstrual cycle 259b
Luteinizing hormone (LH), in menstrual cycle 258
Lyme disease 904, 904b, 904f
Lymph nodes
assessment of 153
Hodgkin’s disease and 389, 389f
Lymphocyte immune globulin 914
Lymphocyte screen 906b

Lymphocytic leukemia, acute 387
Lymphoma 389
Macewen’s sign 467–468
Macrodrip chamber, in intravenous therapy 995, 995f
Macrodrip set, in intravenous therapy 188
Macrolides, adverse effects of 915–916t
Macula lutea 799
Macular degeneration 804
medications for 824
Mafenide acetate, for burn injury 526
Magnesium
as antacids 650t
in hypermagnesemia 104t
in hypomagnesemia 103–104, 104t
serum 103
Magnesium sulfate 361–363, 362t
for preeclampsia 289
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
of cardiovascular system 700–701
in musculoskeletal disorders 870
of neurological system 832
ocular 801
Mainstem bronchi 658
Male genitalia, assessment of 166–167
in newborn 343
Male reproductive structures 258
Male-to-female (MTF) 46
Malleus 807
Malnutrition, metabolic acidosis due to 114b
Malpractice 59–60
Managed care 73
Management
of care subcategories on examination 4, 5t
functions of 76b
leadership and 75, 75–76b
Mania, in bipolar disorder 937, 939b
Manipulative behavior, with bipolar disorder 939b
Mannitol 824, 863
Mantoux test interpretation 442, 442b
MAOIs See Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
MAP See Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Maraviroc 913
Marfan syndrome 481
Marijuana (Cannabis sativa) 959
Marital rape 972
Mask
oxygen 433t
of pregnancy 269
in standard precautions 175
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory 29, 30b, 30f
Massage, fundal, for uterine atony 333, 334f
Mast cell stabilizers, ophthalmic 821b
Mastectomy 209, 544b
Mastitis, postpartum 335, 335f
Mastoidectomy 810
Mastoiditis 810–811
Maternity nursing
care of the newborn 340–360, 355b
labor and birth 304–317
problems with 318–324
maternity and newborn medications 361–371
postpartum period 325–332
prenatal period 266–280
reproductive system 258–265
risk conditions related to pregnancy 281–303
Matrix items 14, 17b
Maturational crisis 965b
MCV See Meningococcal vaccine (MCV)
MDI See Metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
MDR-TB See Multidrug-resistant strain of tuberculosis (MDR-TB)
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) 1044, 1057
Measles 489–490
Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine 231
Measurement abbreviations 502b
Measurement systems, for drug administration 183, 184b
Mechanical prosthetic valves 719
Mechanical soft diet 140
Mechanical ventilation 662, 1038–1041, 1039f, 1040b, 1040t
Mechanical ventilators, respiratory alkalosis due to overventilation by 113b
Mechlorethamine 569, 569b
Meconium aspiration syndrome, in newborn 349
Meconium stool 345
Medicaid 48
Medical records, confidentiality of 65

Medication cartridge, prefilled 186
Medication label 184
Medication reconciliation, process of 80b
Medications
administration of 183, 184b
pediatric 500
preoperative 196–197
via nasogastric, gastrostomy, or jejunostomy tube 1014b
antineoplastic 567–569
for asthma 437, 437b
calculation of 183–193
conversions in 183–184, 184–185b
dosage calculation in 187, 187b
infusions prescribed by unit dosage per hour in 188, 188b
of injectable medications in powder form 187, 187b
intravenous flow rate in 187–188, 188b
measurement systems in 183, 184b
medication labels in 184
of oral medications 185
of parenteral medications 185–187, 186–187f
pediatric 500
percentage and ratio solutions in 187
prescriptions for 184–185, 185b
cardiovascular 737–754
intravenous, intermittent infusion devices for administration of 995
maternity and newborn 361–371
musculoskeletal 890–896
nephrotoxic 761b
neurological 855–867
in older client 251–252, 251–252b
ophthalmic 819–820, 820f
parenteral 185–187
pediatric 500–506
preoperative precautions 196–197, 197b
prescription for
components of 66b
legal safeguards 66–67, 66b
psychiatric 978–990
questions about 35b, 36
renal 788–797
for spinal cord injuries 1055
Stevens-Johnson syndrome 514

Medicine cup 185
Medulla oblongata 830
Melanoma 513, 513b
ocular 804–805
Memantine 986–987
Memory
changes 835b
in mental status exam 151b
Meniere’s syndrome 811–812
Meningeal irritation 165, 835b
Meninges 830
Meningitis 847–848
Meningocele 472
Meningococcal vaccine (MCV) 231–232
Menstrual cycle 258, 259b
menstrual phase of 259b
temperature and 120
Menstruation, in postpartum period 325
Mental health 922–923
assessment of 148–151, 151b
concerns
in foster children 50b
in older client 249–250, 250t
Mental health disorders 933–952
anxiety 933, 934b
depression 938–940, 940b
dissociative disorder 937
electroconvulsive therapy for 940b
generalized anxiety disorder 934, 934b
individuals with 50–51
mood disorders 937–938
obsessive-compulsive disorder 935–936, 936b
paranoid personality disorder 945, 945b
personality disorders 944–946
phobia 935, 935b
post-traumatic stress disorder 935, 935b
schizophrenia 941–944, 942b, 942f, 944b
Mental health nursing 920–932
coping and defense mechanisms in 923–924, 923b
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders 924
mental health in 922–923
nurse-client relationship in 920–921

psychiatric-mental health illness in 923
therapeutic communication process in 921, 921f, 922t
types of mental health admissions and discharges
client rights and 924b
discharge planning and follow-up care 925
involuntary admission 924–925
right to confidentiality 924
voluntary admission 924
voluntary release 925
Mental Health Systems Act 62, 62b
Mentally ill
informed consent issues with 63, 63b
rights for 62, 62b
Meperidine 862–863
Mephobarbital 858–859
Mercaptopurine 570
Mesocaval shunting, for esophageal varices 634, 1034
Metabolic acidosis 113t, 114, 114b
Metabolic alkalosis 113t, 114, 114b
Metabolic syndrome 589
Metabolic system
problems of 397–405
Metastasis 531, 531b
Metaxalone 891, 891b
Metered-dose inhaler (MDI) 678, 679f
for asthma 437
Metformin 701
Methadone 862
Methenamine 788, 789b
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
community-associated, pediatric 494
Methimazole 607
Methocarbamol 891, 891b
Methotrexate 893, 914
for dermatitis 521b
for malignancy 570
for psoriasis 523
Methsuximide 859
Methylergonovine maleate 365
Methylxanthines 678, 679b

Metoclopramide 651
Metric system
conversion between 183, 184b
for drug calculation 183, 184b
for measurements of fluids 93
Microalbuminuria 698
Microdrip chamber, in intravenous therapy 995, 995f
Microdrip set, in intravenous therapy 188
Microprocessor ventilator 1038
Microshock, risk reduction of 711
Midbrain 830
MIDCAB See Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB)
Middle adulthood
developmental stages of 238–239
nutrition and 139b
Middle ear 807
Middle manager 76
Milieu therapy 925–926
Military veterans
care for 51
Miller-Abbott tube 1012f
Milliequivalent (mEq) 93, 183
Milliliters per hour 188, 188b
Milrinone lactate 740b
Mineralocorticoids 579b
as endocrine medication 607–608
Minerals 137
density measurement in bone 871
Mini-Hoffman system 873f
Minidrip set, in intravenous therapy 188
Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) 704, 1046
Minnesota tubes 211, 1015
Minocycline 525
Minors, consent and 64
Miotics 803
for eye disorders 822b
Misoprostol 649
Missed abortion 282b
Mitigation, in disaster management 84

Mitotic inhibitor medications 570–571, 571b
Mitral annuloplasty 719
Mitral insufficiency 718
Mitral stenosis 718
Mitral valve 696
prolapse of 718
Mixed hearing loss 808–809
3-mL syringe 185
5-mL syringe 186, 186f
Mnemonics
PERRLA 154b
REEDA 202
MNPI See Myocardial nuclear perfusion imaging (MNPI)
Modeling 926
Modified Brooke resuscitation formula 1027t
Modified Parkland resuscitation formula 1027t
Modified-paced breathing, in labor and birth 307b
Modular nursing 74
Molding, of head, in newborn 341, 341f
Molecule 94b
Mongolian spots, as birthmark 343t
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) 980–981, 980b, 981f
Monobactams, adverse effects of 915–916t
Monoclonal antibodies 679b
for malignancy 572, 572b
as respiratory medications 680–681
Mononucleosis 493–494
Mood disorders 937–938
Mood stabilizers 981–982, 981b
Moral development, Kohlberg’s theory of 221, 221b
Morals 58
Mormons, end-of-life care and 239b
Moro reflex, in newborn 346
Morphine 862–863
Morphine sulfate 127
for head injury 838, 1048
Motor activity, in schizophrenia 941
Motor behaviors, in schizophrenia 942b
Motor function, assessment of 164
Motor neurons 831
Motor response, in meningeal irritation 835b
Mourning 965
Mouth

of newborn 342
care of, in client with mucositis 537b
Moving, in change process 78, 78f
MRI See Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome 454
Mucosal ulceration, as radiation therapy side effect 390t
Mucositis, with leukemia 389
Mucous membranes, in dehydration, pediatric 398t
Multidrug-resistant strain of tuberculosis (MDR-TB) 683
Multiple-choice questions 26
Multiple gestation, in pregnancy 291
Multiple myeloma 538–539
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) 1059, 1059–1060t
Multiple personality disorder See Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
Multiple-response questions 8, 8b, 26
enhanced 12b
Multiple sclerosis 843–844
Multiple-choice questions 8
Mumps 491
Murmur, grading of 160b
Murphy’s sign 631
Muscle cramps, with chronic kidney disease 765
Muscle relaxants 890–891, 891b
Muscle strength 162, 162t
Muscle tone
assessment of 162
Muscles
anatomy and physiology of 869–870, 870f, 870t
biopsy of 871–872
of eye 800
skeletal 870
strain of 872
Musculoskeletal medications 890–896
antiarthritic 892–893, 892b, 892f
antigout 891–892
to prevent and treat osteoporosis 893–894, 893b
skeletal muscle relaxants 890–891, 891b
Musculoskeletal problems 869–889
amputation of a lower extremity 880–881, 880f
canes and walkers for 877

crutch walking for 876–877, 876t
fractures 872–874, 872b
complications of 875–876, 875b
hip 877–878
gout 883–884
injuries 872
intervertebral disk herniation 878–880
joint dislocation and subluxation 878
osteoarthritis 882
osteoporosis 882–883, 883b
osteosarcoma 391–392
pediatric 478–486
congenital clubfoot 479–480, 479f
developmental dysplasia of hip 478–479, 478b, 479f
idiopathic scoliosis 480
juvenile idiopathic arthritis 480–481, 481b
Marfan syndrome 481
total knee replacement for 878
Musculoskeletal system
assessment of 162–163, 162b, 162t
changes in, older clients 172b
changes in, with aging 248, 249f
with chronic kidney disease 763b
Mustard gas 178
Myasthenia gravis 844
Myasthenic crisis, in myasthenia gravis 844
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 295, 442
Mycophenolate mofetil 792, 914
Mycophenolic acid 914
Mycoplasma pneumoniae 434
Mydriatic medications 800, 820–821, 820b
Myelomeningocele 472
Myelosuppression, as radiation therapy side effect 390t
Myocardial infarction 713–715, 714b
Myocardial muscle 698

Myocardial nuclear perfusion imaging (MNPI) 700
Myocarditis 717
Myocardium
anatomy of 696
contractility of, medications for stimulation of 739
transmyocardial revascularization 703
Myoclonic seizure 840b
Myoglobin 698
Myopia 801
MyPlate 138–139, 139b, 139f
Myringoplasty 810
Myringotomy 425–426, 810
Myxedema coma 586–587, 587b, 606
N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist 986
Nadir 388
Näegele’s rule, for date of delivery 266, 267b
Nails, assessment of 151–152
Nalbuphine 363, 862
Naloxone 363
Narcissistic personality disorder 945
Nasal cannula 1035, 1036–1037t, 1037f
for children 433t
Nasal decongestants 681–682, 681b
Nasal high-flow (NHF) respiratory therapy 1035, 1037b
Nasal spray vaccine, for influenza 688
Nasal stuffiness, in pregnancy 270
Nasogastric tubes 1011, 1012f, 1013b
Nasotracheal tubes 1016
National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN)
development of test plan by 3
foreign-educated nurse 19
pass-or-fail decisions by 18
Web site for 3, 19
website, exam results in 25
Native Americans, end-of-life care in 239b
Native Hawaiian, risk factors in 45
Native immunity 898
Natural disasters 83b
Natural immunity 898
Nausea
in hyperemesis gravidarum 287
NCLEX-RN® examination 1–19
additional information regarding 3
applying for 24
Authorization to Test (ATT) form for 15
candidate performance report following failure of 19
changing of appointment for 15–16
completion of 18
computer adaptive testing in 3
day of 16, 22, 22b
difference of 24
final preparation for 22
from graduate’s perspective 24–25
identification needed for taking 16
interstate endorsement and 19
length of 18
NCSBN practice test questions 14
Next Generation Item Types 11–14, 12b
Nurse Licensure Compact and 19
pass-or-fail decisions following 18
pathways to success for 20–23
process of 3
processing results of 18–19
Pyramid to Success 2, 20, 21b, 21f, 23b, 23f
registering to take 14
scheduling appointment for 15
test plan for 3–6
client needs categories in 4–6, 5t
development of 3
health promotion and maintenance category in 4, 5t
integrated process in 6, 7b
level of cognitive ability and 4, 4t, 5b
psychosocial integrity category in 5t, 6b
safe and effective care environment category in 4, 5b
testing accommodations for 17
testing center for 17–18
testing time for 18
test-taking strategies for 26–39 See also Test-taking strategies
types of questions on 7–11
NCSBN See National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN)
Near-death physiological manifestations 240–241

Near vision, assessment of 153
Nearsightedness 801
Nebulizer 678
Neck, assessment of 152–153
of newborn 342
Necrosis, avascular 876
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), in newborn 350
Needle aspiration, of thyroid tissue 580
Needle biopsy 532
Needleless infusion devices 995
Needles
disposal of 172
safety 187
standard precautions and 175
Negative event queries 29, 29–30b
Negative-feedback loop 579
Neglect 970b
developmental 969b
educational 969b
older adult 971
physical 969b
victims of, care for 49
Neglect syndrome, in stroke 842b, 843
Negligence 60, 61b
Neisseria gonorrhoeae 294, 367
Neisseria meningitidis, in meningitis 470
Nelfinavir 913
Neobladder 552–553
Neodermis 1029b
Neostigmine bromide 856b
Nephrectomy
radical, for kidney tumors 779–780
for renal canaliculi 779
Nephroblastoma (Wilms’ tumor) 390–391
Nephrolithiasis 777
Nephrolithotomy 779
Nephrons 756
Nephrostomy, percutaneous 553
Nephrostomy tube 1015f, 1016
Nephrotic syndrome 460–461, 460f, 461b, 776
Nephrotoxic substances 761b
Nerve tracts 830
Nerves
ocular 800
spinal 831
Nervous system, changes in older clients 172b
Nesiritide 747
Nesting, in labor 306
Neural tube defects 472–473
Neuralgia, trigeminal 845–846
Neuroblastoma 391
Neurocognitive disorders 946–948
Neurogenic hyperventilation 834b
Neurogenic shock 1052b, 1053, 1057
Neurolemma 831
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome 985–986
Neurological changes, with chronic kidney disease 766
Neurological findings, in liver dysfunction 633f
Neurological lateral sclerosis, hyperthermia 837
Neurological medications 855–867
Neurological problems 830–854
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 846
Bell’s palsy (facial paralysis) 846
cerebral aneurysm 839, 840b
craniotomy for 838–839, 839b, 1048–1049, 1049b
encephalitis as 846–847
Guillain-Barré syndrome 846
increased intracranial pressure 832, 835–836, 836b
meningitis 847–848
multiple sclerosis 843
myasthenia gravis 844
neuroblastoma 391
Parkinson’s disease 845
pediatric 467–477
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 473
autism spectrum disorders 473–474
cerebral palsy 467, 468f
head injury 467–469, 468f
hydrocephalus 469–470, 470f
intellectual disability (mental retardation) 474
neural tube defects 472–473
Reye’s syndrome 471
seizure disorders 468b, 471–472, 472b
submersion injury 471
seizures as 839–841
spinal cord injury 1050–1051
stroke (brain attack) 841–843, 841–842b, 842f

traumatic head injury 837–839, 1047
trigeminal neuralgia 845–846
unconscious client 835, 836b
West Nile virus infection 847
Neurological system
assessment of 163–165, 163–164t, 165b, 833–835, 834b, 834f, 836b
in newborn 345
in stroke 842b
botulism manifestations in 177
with chronic kidney disease 763b
medications
antimyasthenic medications 855, 856b
antiparkinsonian medications 856–857, 857b
antiseizure medications 857–859, 858–859b, 858t
nonopioid analgesics 860–861, 860–861b
opioid analgesics 861–863, 862b
opioid antagonists 863, 863b
osmotic diuretics 863–864
Neuroma, acoustic 812
Neuromuscular system
Neurons 831
Neurotransmitters 831
Neutron 94b
Nevada State Board of Nursing 24
Nevirapine 912
Nevus flammeus, as birthmark 343t
Nevus vasculosus, as birthmark 343t
New graduate RN 25
New learning, in mental status exam 151b

Newborn
abduction of 347, 347b
addicted 352–353
Apgar scoring system in 340, 341t
birthmarks in 342, 343t
body systems assessment of 344–347, 345f
bronchopulmonary dysplasia in 349
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines for 355
choking 355, 355b
of diabetic mother 284, 354
erythroblastosis fetalis in 351, 351f
eye prophylaxis for 367
feeding of 347, 347f
fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in 353, 353f
hyperbilirubinemia in 350–351
hypoglycemia in 354
hypothyroidism in 354
identification 347
initial care of 340
intraventricular hemorrhage in 350
large for gestational age 348–349
meconium aspiration syndrome in 349
of mother with human immunodeficiency virus 353–354
necrotizing enterocolitis in 350
parent teaching in 347–348, 347f
physical assessment of 340, 341–342f, 341t, 343t
postterm 348
preterm 348
respiratory distress syndrome in 349
retinopathy of prematurity in 350
safety 347
sepsis 352
small for gestational age 348
syphilis in 352, 352f
TORCH infections in 352
transient tachypnea in 349–350
uncircumcised 348
vital signs 232b, 340
Nifedipine 362t
90-degree-90-degree traction 482
Nitrates 744, 744b
Nitrazine test 275
Nitrofurantoin 788, 789b

Nits 374, 375b
Nizatidine 651
NNRTIs See Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
Nocturnal enuresis, primary 461
Nodules, of acne vulgaris 514
Nomogram, for estimation of body surface area in infants and children 502, 503b, 503f
Noncommunicating hydrocele 415
Non-heart-beating donors, kidney 772
Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation 1038–1039, 1039f
Noninvasive transcutaneous pacing 710
Nonmaleficence 58b
Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) 912
Nonopioid analgesics 126–127, 860–861, 860–861b
Nonreassuring fetal heart rate
during oxytocin infusion 365, 365b
pattern 309b
Nonrebreather mask 1036–1037t, 1037, 1038f
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 126, 860–861, 860–861b
for gout 891
nephrotoxic 761b
ophthalmic 821b
for rheumatoid arthritis 893
side and adverse effects of 126b, 861b
Nonstress test, in pregnancy 276b
Norepinephrine 748
Normal sinus rhythm 705, 705–706f, 706b
Normothermia, inducement of 837
Nose 658
of newborn 342
Nosebleed 427, 427b
Nosocomial infections 174–175
NRTIs See Nucleoside-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
NSAIDs. see Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Nuchal rigidity 838, 1048
Nucleoside-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) 912
Nurse Licensure Compact 19
Nurse Practice Act 35, 59
Nurse practitioner, roles of 79
Nurse’s role
in advance directives 67–68
in disaster planning 85, 85b
in exposure to warfare agents 178–179

in grief and loss 965
Nursing process
as Integrated Process subcategories 6
prioritizing nursing actions and 29–33, 31–33b, 83b
Nursing school, graduating from 24
Nutrients 93, 137, 138b
Nutrition 137–147
for adolescent 237
in degenerative joint disease 882
depression and 940b
enteral 144
for infant 232–233
in leukemia 387–388
MyPlate 138–139, 139b, 139f
nutrients 137, 138b
preoperative 194
for preschooler 235–236
for school-age child 236–237
therapeutic diets 140–143, 141b, 143b
for toddler 234
vegan and vegetarian diets 144
Nutritionist 79
Nystagmus 807
Obesity
childhood 399
in pregnancy 296
Oblique fracture 872b
Obsessive-compulsive disorder 935–936, 936b, 946
Obstruction
intestinal, in cystic fibrosis 438
tube, of tracheostomy 1020–1021t
Obstructive shock 1056–1057
Occipital lobe 831b
Occupational lung disease 670–671
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) 68
Occupational therapist 79
Occurrence reports 66, 66b
Ocular irritation, with chronic kidney disease 766
Ocular melanoma 804–805
Oculomotor nerve 163–164t

Oculovestibular reflex, of neurological system 833
Ocusert system 824
Ofloxacin 789, 789b
Ointments, for eyes 820
Older adults
abuse of 252, 971–972, 972b
accidents and 172, 172b
care of 51, 51b, 248–255
infection in 250, 251b
medications in 251–252, 251–252b
mental health concerns in 249–250, 250t
nutrition and 139b
pain in 250
physiological changes in 248–249, 249f
psychosocial concerns in 249
Olfactory nerve 163–164t
Oliguria, in acute kidney injury 761
Omalizumab 680
Omphalocele 414
Oncological disorders 531–566
bladder cancer 551–555
bone marrow transplantation for 535
breast cancer 542–544, 543f
cervical cancer 540–541, 540b
chemotherapy for 533–534
classification of 531
diagnostic testing of 532–533, 532b
early detection of 532
endometrial cancer 542
factors influencing development of 532
grading and staging of 531, 532b
intestinal tumors 545–547
laryngeal cancer 548–549, 548f
leukemia 536–538, 536b
lymphoma 538
metastatic 531, 531b
ovarian cancer 541–542
pain control in 533
pancreatic cancer 545, 545f
pediatric 387–396
brain tumors 392–393, 393b
Hodgkin’s disease 389–390, 389f, 390t
lymphoma 389
nephroblastoma (Wilms’ tumor) 390–391
neuroblastoma 391
pelvic exenteration for 541, 541b
prevention of 532
prostate cancer 549–551
radiation therapy for 534–535, 534b
surgery in 533
uterine cancer 542
warning signs of 532b
Oncological medications 567–576
Open fracture 872b
Open head injury 1047
Open reduction, of fracture 482
Operant conditioning, in behavior therapy 926, 926f
Operating room, arrival in 197
Ophthalmia neonatorum, prevention of 344, 367
Ophthalmic medications
administration of 819–820, 820f
β-Adrenergic blocker 822b, 823
anesthetic, topical 822
anti-inflammatory 821–822, 821b
anticholinergics 820–821, 820b
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 822b, 823–824
cycloplegic 820–821, 820b
for glaucoma 822–823, 822b
lubricants 822, 822b
mydriatic 820b
Ocusert system 824
osmotic 824
Ophthalmoscopy 155
Opioid analgesics 126–127, 861–863, 862b
intrathecal, for labor and birth 311
Opioid antagonists 682–683, 682b, 863, 863b
Opioids 958
for cancer pain 533
intoxication 958b
Opisthotonos 467, 468f
Opportunistic infection, in HIV/AIDS 487
Optic disc 799
Optic nerve 163–164t
Oral contraceptives 526

Oral hypoglycemic medications 590
Oral medications
administration of 185
dosage calculation for 187, 187b
pediatric measurement and administration of 500, 501b, 501f
Orbit 799
Ordered-response questions 9, 9f, 27
Organ, donation
client’s rights and 62–63
religious beliefs regarding 63
Organ of Corti 807
Organ rejection, medications for preventing 791–792, 791b
Organizational conflict 78
Organizations, formal 76–77
Organizing, as function of management 76b
Orientation
in differentiating delirium, depression, and dementia 250t
Orotracheal tubes 1016
Orphenadrine 891, 891b
Orthodox Church
Orthostatic hypotension 704, 1046
Ortolani’s test 478, 479f
Oseltamivir 689t
OSHA See Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
Osmolality 95
Osmosis 94–95
Osmotic diuretics 741–742b, 742, 863–864
Osmotic pressure 94–95
Osmotics
for eye disorders 824
as laxatives 653, 653b
Osteoarthritis 882
Osteogenic sarcoma 391–392
Osteomyelitis, with fractures 876
Osteoporosis 882–883, 883b
medications to prevent and treat 893–894, 893b
Osteosarcoma 391–392
Ostium primum 449
Ostium secundum 449
Otic medications
administration of 824–825
antihistamines and decongestants for 825–826, 825b
ceruminolytic 826
Otitis, external 810
Otitis media 425–426, 810, 810b
Otosclerosis 811
Otoscopic exam 155–156
Ovarian function, in postpartum period 325
Ovarian hormones 258
Ovaries 258
cancer of 541–542
changes in, during menstrual cycle 259b
Overcompliance, in schizophrenia 942
Overdose, tricyclic antidepressants 979b
Overeating, compulsive 953
Overhydration 98
Overnight dexamethasone suppression test 580
Oxalate canaliculi 778b
Oxygen
partial pressure of 115t
for respiratory system disorders 659, 1035–1038, 1036–1037t, 1037b, 1037–1038f
Oxygen hood 433t
Oxygen mask 433t
Oxygen tent 433t
Oxytocin 312, 364–365, 365b
P wave 699b, 705f
p24 antigen testing 489t
Pacemakers 710–711, 711b
PACG See Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG)
Pacific Islander, risk factors in 45
Packed red blood cells (PRBCs) 1006–1007
Paclitaxel 571b
PaCO2 See Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2)
Pad electrodes 709
Pain 124–126
abdominal
with peritoneal dialysis 772
in rheumatic fever 454f
afterbirth 327
in angina 713
assessment of 124–125, 125f

in neurological examination 165
care of, in dying client 241b
chest 744b
fear of injury and
nonverbal indicators of 124b
in older client 250
types of 124
Pain management
in burn injury 1028
in degenerative joint disease 882
in oncological disorders 533
postoperative 199
Palate
assessment of 157
cleft 407–408, 407f
Palliative care, in end-of-life care 239–240
Palliative surgery, for cancer 533
Pallor 152b
Palmar-plantar grasp, in newborn 346
Palpation 151
abdominal 162
of breasts 161
of chest
in lung assessment 157, 157b
Pampering, positive 21–22
Pancreas
anatomy and physiology of 579, 623
cancer of 545, 545f
diabetes mellitus and 589–590
acute complications of 591–594, 592–594b, 593f, 594t
care of client with undergoing surgery 596
chronic complications of 594–596, 596b
diet and 590
exercise and 590
disorders of 589–591, 592b
laboratory studies of 626

Pancreas transplants 591
Pancreatic enzyme
intestinal juice 622
replacements for 652
Pancreatic insufficiency, in cystic fibrosis 440
Pancreatitis 636–638
Pancrelipase 652
Panic 933
PaO2 See Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)
Papanicolaou (Pap) smear (test) 166, 273
Papules, of acne vulgaris 514
Paracentesis 210, 625, 625b
Paralysis, facial 846
Paralytic ileus, postoperative 201
Paranoid personality disorder 945, 945b
Paraplegia 1052
Parasites, intestinal 420
Parathyroid glands
disorders of 588–589
Parathyroid medications 607, 607b
Parathyroidectomy 589
Parent teaching, of newborn 347–348, 347f
Parenteral medications
calculation and administration of 185–187, 186–187f
pediatric 500–502, 502f, 502t
Parenteral nutrition (PN) 1002–1004
administration of 1002, 1002f, 1004
complications of 1004, 1005–1006t
components of 1003
description of 1002
discontinuation of 1004
home care instructions in 1006b
indications for 1002
nursing considerations of 1004–1006
Parietal lobe 831b
Parietal pericardium 696
Parity 266
Parkinson’s disease 845
medication for 856–857, 857b
Parkland resuscitation formula 1027t
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2)

value changes in acid-base imbalances 115t
Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) 115t
Partial rebreather mask 1035–1037, 1036–1037t
Partial-thickness burn
deep 1024, 1024f
superficial 1024, 1024f
Participative management 75
PASS mnemonic 171b
Password, information security and 66
Past pointing, test for 156b
Pastia’s sign 492
Patellar reflex
magnesium sulfate in 362, 363t
during pregnancy 290b
Patent ductus arteriosus 449–450
Pathological fracture 872b
Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) 996
Pattern-paced breathing, in labor and birth 307b
PAWP See Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP)
PCA See Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)
PCT See Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
Peak airway inspiratory pressure 1040t
Peak expiratory flow rate measurement 436b
Pearson Vue 24
Pediatric disorders
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 487, 488b, 488f
cardiovascular 447–458
aortic stenosis 450
atrial septal defect 449, 449b
atrioventricular canal defect 449
cardiac catheterization for diagnosis of 452
coarctation of aorta 450
defects with decreased pulmonary blood flow 450–451
defects with increased pulmonary blood flow 449–450, 449b
heart failure 447–449, 448b
hypoplastic left heart syndrome 451–452
interventions for 452, 452b
mixed defects 451–452
obstructive defects 450
patent ductus arteriosus 449–450
pulmonary stenosis 450
rheumatic fever 454, 454b, 454f

total anomalous pulmonary venous connection 452
transposition of great arteries/vessels 452
tricuspid atresia 451
truncus arteriosus 452
ventricular septal defect 450
of eyes, ears, and throat 424–430
allergic rhinitis 427
conjunctivitis 424–425
epistaxis 427
otitis media 425–426
strabismus 424
tonsillitis and adenoiditis 426–427, 426f
gastrointestinal 406–423
abdominal wall defects 414–415
appendicitis 412–413
celiac disease 411–412
cleft lip and cleft palate 407–408, 407f
constipation and encopresis 415–416, 416b
diarrhea 406–407
esophageal atresia 408–409, 409f
gastroesophageal reflux disease 409–410
hepatitis 417–418, 417b
hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 410–411, 410f
imperforate anus 416–417, 416b
intestinal parasites 420
intussusception 414, 414f
lactose intolerance 411
poison, ingestion of 418–420, 418b, 419t
tracheoesophageal fistula 408–409, 409f
umbilical hernia 415
vomiting 406
hematological 380–386
aplastic anemia 383
β-thalassemia 382–383, 382b
infectious and communicable diseases 487–499
care of child with HIV or AIDS 487–489
chickenpox (varicella) 491, 491f
community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) 494

diphtheria 492
infectious mononucleosis 493–494
influenza 495
mumps 491
pertussis (whooping cough) 491–492
poliomyelitis 492
roseola (exanthema subitum) 490, 490f
rubella (German measles) 490–491, 490f
rubeola (measles) 489–490, 490f
scarlet fever 492–493, 493f
burn injuries 376, 376b
eczema (atopic dermatitis) 373, 373b
impetigo 373–374, 374f
pediculosis capitis (lice) 374–375, 375b
scabies 375–376, 375b, 375f
musculoskeletal 478–486
congenital clubfoot 479–480, 479f
developmental dysplasia of hip 478–479, 478b, 479f
idiopathic scoliosis 480
Marfan syndrome 481
neurological and cognitive 467–477
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 473
autism spectrum disorders 473–474
cerebral palsy 467, 468f
head injury 467–469, 468f
hydrocephalus 469–470, 470f
intellectual disability (mental retardation) 474
neural tube defects 472–473
seizure disorders 468b, 471–472, 472b
submersion injury 471
oncological 387–396
brain tumors 392–393, 393b
Hodgkin’s disease 389–390, 389f, 390t
lymphoma 389
nephroblastoma (Wilms’ tumor) 390–391
neuroblastoma 391
renal and urinary 459–466
bladder exstrophy 463
cryptorchidism 462
enuresis 461–462
epispadias and hypospadias 462–463, 462f
glomerulonephritis 459–460, 459b
hemolytic-uremic syndrome 461, 461b
nephrotic syndrome 460–461, 460f, 461b
respiratory 431–446
asthma 435–438, 436–437b
bronchiolitis 433–434
bronchitis 433
in children 436t
cystic fibrosis 438–440, 439b, 439f
epiglottitis 431–432, 432f
foreign body, aspiration of 441, 441f
laryngotracheobronchitis 432–433, 432b, 433t
pneumonia 434–435
respiratory syncytial virus 433–434, 434b
sudden infant death syndrome 440–441
tuberculosis 442–443, 442b
Pediatric medication administration and calculation 500–506
calculation of body surface area 502–503, 503b, 503f
developmental considerations in 503–504, 504b
oral medications 500, 501b, 501f
parenteral medications 500–502
Pediculosis capitis, in children 374–375, 375b
PEEP See Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
Peer review 77
Pegaspargase 572
Pelvic exenteration 541, 541b
Pelvic inlet diameters 259
Pelvic midplane diameters 259
Pelvic outlet diameters 259
Pelvic thrombophlebitis 336b
Pelvic traction 874, 874f
Pelvis, female, measurement and 258–259
Pemphigus 903–904
Penetrating objects, ocular 805
Penicillamine 893
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins, adverse effects of 915–916t
Penicillins, adverse effects of 915–916t
Penis 258
assessment of 166
epispadias and hypospadias of 462, 462f
Pepsin 622
Peptic ulcer disease 627–629, 628b, 628f
Peramivir 689t
Percentage and ratio solutions 187
Perceptions, in mental status exam 151b
Percussion 151
abdominal 162
chest
in lung assessment 157, 158f
Percutaneous lithotripsy 779
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) 702–703, 702f
Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling 274
Perforation, bowel 625b
Performance improvement 77
Pericardial effusion 718, 1045
Pericardial friction rub 717
Pericardial sac 696
Pericardial space 696
Pericarditis 717
Perinatal loss, postpartum 336
Perineal discomfort, postpartum 327
Perineal lacerations 327
Perineal procedure, positioning clients in 209
Perineal prostatectomy 550
Perioperative nursing care 194–208
ambulatory care or 1-day stay surgical units 203–204, 203b
postoperative care in 197–199, 198f
postoperative complications in 199b
constipation 201
hemorrhage 200
hypoxemia 200
paralytic ileus 201
pneumonia and atelectasis 199–200, 199f
pulmonary embolism 200
shock 200
thrombophlebitis 200–201
urinary retention 201
wound dehiscence and evisceration 202–203, 203b, 203f
wound infection 201–202, 202b
preoperative care in 194–197, 195–197b, 195–196f
wrong site and wrong procedure surgery in 197

Peripheral arterial disease 212, 723–724, 724f
Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation 535
Peripheral intravenous line
insertion of 997b
removal of 997b
site selection for 996, 996b, 996f
Peripheral vascular system 160, 161b
Peripheral vasodilators 746, 746b
Peripheral vision, assessment of 153
Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) 1001, 1001f
Peritoneal dialysis 770–771, 770f
automated 771, 771b
complication of 772
infusion 771
Peritoneum 623
Peritonitis 625b
due to perforated appendix 412
with peritoneal dialysis 772
Permanent pacemakers 711
Permethrin 375
Personal health information (PHI)
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and 64
uses or disclosures of 64, 65b
Personal power 76b
Personal protective equipment (PPE) 175, 175t
Personality characteristics, in psychiatric-mental health illness 923
Personality disorders 944–946
Perspiration, water loss by 96
Pertussis (whooping cough) 491–492
pH
carbonic acid-bicarbonate system in regulation of 110, 111f
Phallic stage, of psychosexual development 223b
Pharmacist, roles of 79
Pharmacological and parenteral therapies, subcategories on examination 5–6, 6b
Pharynx, anatomy and physiology of 658
Phenobarbital 858–859, 858t
Phenylketonuria 345, 398–399
Phenytoin 858, 858t
Pheochromocytoma 585
PHI See Personal health information (PHI)
Phlebitis 720
as intravenous therapy complications 998–1000t
Phlebothrombosis 720
Phobia 935, 935b
Phosgene 178
Phosphate buffer system 110–111
Phosphorus
in hyperphosphatemia 105
in hypophosphatemia 104–105
serum 104
Photochemotherapy 524
Photometer 351
Photorefractive keratotomy 801
Phototherapy
for hyperbilirubinemia 350
for psoriasis 523b, 524
Physical abuse, of older adult 972b
Physical changes
Physical development
of adolescent 237
of infant 232
of preschooler 235
of toddler 234
Physical examination 151
of newborn 340–344, 341–342f, 341t, 343t
techniques for 151
vital signs in 151
Physical exercise, temperature and 120
Physical restraints 173
Physical therapist 79
Physical therapy, for bum injury 1030
Physical violence 969b
Physiological adaptation, subcategories on examination 5t, 6b
Physiological integrity, questions on examination associated with 5–6, 5t, 6b, 33
Physiological maternal changes, in prenatal period 267–269, 268f
Phytonadione 367
PI See Protease inhibitors (PI)
Piaget’s theory, of cognitive development 219–221
Pica, pregnancy and 277
PICC See Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)
Pillows, for proper positioning 213b
Pilocarpine 824
Pilot balloon, endotracheal tubes 1016
Pimecrolimus 521, 521b
“Pink eye,” 424
Pinna 806
Pinworm, infestation, in children 420
Pitting edema scale 152t
Pituitary adenectomy 581–582
Pituitary gland
hormones of 578b, 579f
Pituitary medications 605, 606b
Placenta 261
Placenta accreta 292
Placenta previa 292, 292f
Placental abnormalities 292
Plague 177
Plan, for preparation 20–21, 21b
Planned change 78
Planning
discharge 81, 81b
emergency response 83–86, 83–85b
as function of management 76b
questions on examination associated with 31, 32b
Plantar reflex
assessment of 165
in newborn 346
Plasma
fresh-frozen, administration of 1007
osmolality of 95
Plasma cells, abnormal in multiple myeloma 538
Plasma expanders 993
Plasma protein system, in acid-base balance 110
Plastic cannulas 993
Platelet count 129–130
antineoplastic medications and 567
following platelet transfusion 1007
in leukemia 387
Platelets
transfusion 1007
Platypelloid pelvis 259
Play
adolescent 238
infant 233
preschooler 236
school-age child 237
toddler 235
Pleural effusion 669
Pleural friction rub 159t
Pleurectomy 669
Pleurisy 669
Pleurodesis 547, 669
PN See Parenteral nutrition (PN)
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) 231, 471, 690
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia 487
Pneumonia 667–668
Pneumocystis jiroveci 487
postoperative 199–200, 199f
Pneumonic plague 177
Pneumothorax 662–663, 663b, 663f, 1041, 1042b, 1042f
POAG See Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)
Poison Control Center 174
Poison ivy 511
treatment 521, 521b
Poison oak 511
Poison sumac 511
Poisons
ingestion, by children 418–420, 418b, 419t
safety measures in 174
Policies
of formal organizations 77
institutional 59
Polio vaccine, inactivated 488
Poliomyelitis 492
Polyarteritis nodosa 903
Polyarthritis, in rheumatic fever 454f
Polycystic kidney disease 776–777
Polymerase chain reaction 489t
Polypharmacy 251
Pons 830
Port-wine stain 343t
Portacaval shunt, for esophageal varices 634, 634f, 1034, 1035f
Portal hypertension 631
Portal systemic encephalopathy 632

Positioning
after craniotomy 839b, 1049b
tripod 431
Positioning clients 209–216, 210f
in bed 209f
in cardiovascular system 211–212
devices for 213b
in endocrine system 209–210
ergonomic principles in 209, 211b
with gastroesophageal reflux disease 410
in gastrointestinal system 210–211, 211b
guidelines for 209
in integumentary system 209
lateral (side-lying) position 210f
lithotomy position 209f
in musculoskeletal system 213
in neurological system 212–213
pressure points in 210f
prone position 210f
in reproductive system 209
in respiratory system 211
in sensory system 212
Sims’ position 210f
supine position 210f
Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 1040t
Positive event queries 29, 29–30b
Positive inotropic and cardiotonic medications 739–740, 740b, 740f
Positive momentum 21
Positive pampering 21–22
Post-traumatic stress disorder 935, 935b
Postcardiac arrest care 1045
Posterior cord syndrome 1051, 1051f
Postherpetic neuralgia 510
Posticteric stage, of hepatitis 635b
Postmortem care 241, 242b
Postoperative care 197–199, 198f
Postoperative complications 199b
constipation 201
hemorrhage 200
hypoxemia 200
paralytic ileus 201
pneumonia and atelectasis 199–200, 199f
shock 200
thrombophlebitis 200–201
urinary retention 201
wound dehiscence and evisceration 202–203, 203b, 203f
wound infection 201–202, 202b
Postoperative interventions
in appendicitis 412–413
bladder cancer surgery 554–555
in cardiac surgical unit 704, 1046
in esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula 409
in Hirschsprung’s disease 413–414
in hydrocele 415
ileostomy 546
in imperforate anus 416–417
for kidney transplantation 773–774
prostate cancer surgery 550
in umbilical hernia 415
Postpartum blues 328b
Postpartum depression 328b
Postpartum hemorrhage, medications for 365–366, 365b
Postpartum period 325–332
breast-feeding in 327–328, 328b
cystitis 333
hematoma 333, 334f
hemorrhage and shock 333–334, 334b
infection 334–335
mastitis 335, 335f
perinatal loss 336
subinvolution 335
thrombophlebitis 335–336, 336b
uterine atony 333, 334f
discomforts in 327, 328b
interventions in 326–327, 326f
nutritional counseling in 327
physiological maternal changes in 325–326, 326b, 326f, 326t
Postpartum psychosis 328b
Postterm newborn 348
Posttransplantation immunodeficiency 906
Postural drainage 211
Postural (orthostatic) hypotension 704, 1046
Posture
abnormalities of 162b
in cerebral palsy 467, 468f

assessment of, in neurologic system 834
changes of, with aging 248, 249f
decerebrate 834
decorticate 834
flaccid 834
Potassium
cardiovascular testing of 698–699
diet for modified intake of 143
excessive intake of 99–100
homeostasis of 757
in hyperkalemia 99–100, 99t, 100b See also Hyperkalemia
in hypokalemia 98–99, 99t See also Hypokalemia
intravenously administered, precautions with 100b
as oral supplements 99
in heart failure, pediatric 448
serum 98
Potassium-retaining diuretics 741–742b, 742
Potential for injury, with chronic kidney disease 766
Pouch, Kock 552
Powder form, injectable medications in 187, 187b
Power 76, 76b
PPE See Personal protective equipment (PPE)
PR interval 699b
Practice analysis study 3
Pramlintide 613–614
PRBCs See Packed red blood cells (PRBCs)
Preadolescent, eczema in 373b
Precipitous labor and delivery 319–320
Prednisone 792
Preeclampsia 287–289, 289t
Preembryonic period, in fetal development 260b
Prefilled medication cartridge 186
Pregnancy
adolescent 271
discomforts of 269–271
ectopic 284, 285f
maternal risk factors 271–272
nutrition and 139b
physiological changes during 267–269, 268f
psychological changes during 269
risk conditions related to 281–303, 296–297t
abortion 281, 282b
abruptio placentae 292–293, 293f

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) 286–287
bleeding during 281
cardiac disease 281–282, 282b
chorioamnionitis 282
diabetes mellitus 282
disseminated intravascular coagulation 284, 284b, 284f
fetal death in utero 285
gestational hypertension 288
hematoma 285–286, 285b
hepatitis B 285
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 286–287
hydatidiform mole 287
hyperemesis gravidarum 287
hypertensive disorders 287–290, 288t
incompetent cervix 290
infections 291
multiple gestation 291
obesity 296
placenta previa 292, 292f
placental abnormalities 292
pyelonephritis 293
sexually transmitted infections 293–295, 294b
tuberculosis 295
urinary tract infection 295–296
signs of 266–267
temperature and 120
Preicteric stage, of hepatitis 635b
Preinfarction angina 713
Preluxation, developmental dysplasia of hip 478b
Premature rupture, of membranes, in labor and birth 318
Premature ventricular contractions 706–707, 707b, 707f
Prematurity, retinopathy of 350
Prenatal period 266–280
antepartum diagnostic testing 272–275, 273t
discomforts of pregnancy 269–271
fundal height 267, 267b, 267f
gestation 266, 267b
gravidity and parity 266, 267b
maternal risk factors 271–272
nutrition 276–277
physiological maternal changes 267–269, 268f
pregnancy signs 266–267
psychological maternal changes 269
Preoperational stage, of cognitive development 219

Preoperative care 194–197, 195–197b, 195–196f
Preoperative checklist 196, 196b
Preoperative interventions
in esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula 408–409
in Hirschsprung’s disease 413
in imperforate anus 416
for kidney transplantation 773
in tonsillectomy 426
Preovulatory phase, of menstrual cycle 259b
Preparedness, in disaster management 84
nurse’s role in 85, 85b
Presbycusis 809–810
Presbyopia 801
Preschooler
developmental stages of
hospitalized 226–227
vital signs of 235b
nutrition and 139b
Prescriptions 184–185, 185b
components of 66b
legal safeguards 66–67, 66b
Pressoreceptors 697
Pressure injury 515, 516b
Pressure support 1040t, 1041
Pressure-cycled ventilator 1038
Preterm labor 319
prevention of 361
Preterm newborn 348
Preventive Pediatric Health Care 229, 229b
Primary adrenal insufficiency 583
Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) 803
Primary assessment, in emergency department 86
Primary hyperaldosteronism 584–585
Primary hypertension 728
Primary nursing 74
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) 803
Prioritizing 82–83, 82–83b
examination questions associated with 27, 29–33, 30–33b, 30f
strategic words associated with 28b
Prisoners, care for 51
Privacy, invasion of 61
Probenecid 891–892
Problem-solving process 76, 76t
Procedures, of formal organizations 77
Proctocolectomy, with permanent ileostomy 639
Prodromal labor 306
Professional liability insurance 60–61
Professional responsibilities 74–76
Progestins 609–610, 610b
for malignancy 571b
Projection defense mechanisms 923b
Prokinetic agent 651
Prolapsed umbilical cord, in labor and birth 318, 319f
Proliferative phase, of menstrual cycle 259b
Prone position 210f, 212
Proof of liability 60
Prophylactic surgery, for cancer 533
Prophylaxis, for care of child with HIV infection and AIDS 487
Propionibacterium acnes 514
Propofol 1056
Proportion 184b
Proprioception alterations, in stroke 842b
Prostaglandin analogs, for eye disorders 822b
Prostaglandins 363–364, 364b
contraindications of 364b
Prostate gland 258, 757
cancer 549–551
metastatic 531b
transurethral resection of 550
Prostatectomy
perineal 550
retropubic 550
suprapubic 550
Prostatitis 780
Protease inhibitors (PI) 912–913
Proteins
diet for high intake of 142
diet for restricted intake of 142–143
nutrition and 137
urinalysis for, in pregnancy 274
Protestant, end-of-life care and 239b
Prothrombin time (PT) 129, 738
Protocols, of formal organizations 77
Proton 94b
Proton pump inhibitors 651, 651b
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) 756
Proximate cause, in negligence and malpractice 60
Pruritus 375b
Pseudoaneurysm 725
Pseudohyperkalemia 99
Psoriasis 513–514
Psychiatric medications 978–990
for Alzheimer’s disease 986–987, 986b
antianxiety or anxiolytic medications 983
antipsychotic medications 984–985, 984b
for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 986, 986b
barbiturates 983–984, 984b
monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) 980–981, 980b, 981f
mood stabilizers 981–982, 981b
sedative-hypnotics 983–984, 984b
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) 978–979, 979b
tricyclic antidepressants 979–980, 979b
Psychiatric-mental health illness 923
Psychological changes
maternal, in prenatal period 269
Psychomotor activity, in differentiating delirium, depression, and dementia 250t
Psychosexual development, Freud’s theory of 221–222, 222–223b
Psychosis, postpartum 328b
Psychosocial care, of dying client 241, 241b
Psychosocial concerns, in older client 249
Psychosocial development, Erikson’s theory of 219, 220b, 220t
Psychosocial impact, with integumentary problems 508
Psychosocial integrity
with antineoplastic medication administration 568
questions on examination associated with 4–5, 5t, 6b, 33, 34b
with spinal cord injury 1053
Psychosocial preparation, preoperative 195, 196b
Psychosocial problems, with chronic kidney disease 766
Psychotherapy, interpersonal 926
PT See Prothrombin time (PT)
PTCA See Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
Ptyalism, in pregnancy 268
Pull-to-sit response, in newborn 346
Pulmonary angiography 660
Pulmonary artery(Swan-Ganz) catheter, in cardiogenic shock 1043

Pulmonary artery pressures, in cardiogenic shock 1044
Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) 1044
Pulmonary blood flow, defects with decreased 450–451
Pulmonary contusion 662, 1041
Pulmonary edema
with heart failure 716, 716b
Pulmonary embolism 669–670, 670b
with fractures 875
postoperative 200
postpartum 335
Pulmonary findings, in liver dysfunction 633f
Pulmonary function tests 436b, 660–661
Pulmonary stenosis 450
Pulmonary valve disorders 719t
Pulmonary venous connection, total anomalous 452
Pulmonic semilunar valve 696
Pulse 121–122
grading scale for 122b
Pulse deficit 122
Pulse oximetry 124
procedure of 124
Pulse points 122
Pulse pressure 123
Pulse qualities 122
Pulseless electrical activity 1045
Pupillary light reflex 154b
Pupils 799
assessment of 154, 154b
in neurological system examination 164, 834, 834f
Purine
calculi 778b
diet for low intake of 143
Purkinje fibers 697
Purulent exudate from wound 515
Pustules, of acne vulgaris 514
Pyelolithotomy 779
Pyelonephritis 776
acute 776
chronic 776
in pregnancy 293
Pyelostomy, percutaneous 553
Pyloric sphincter 622
Pyloric stenosis, hypertrophic 410–411, 410f
Pyloromyotomy 411
Pyloroplasty 628
Pyramid Point bullets 2
Pyramid to Success 2, 20, 21f, 23b, 23f
Pyrazinamide 685
Pyridostigmine 856b
Pyridoxine 295
Q wave 699b
QRS complex 699b, 705–706f
QT interval 699b
Quadripod cane 877
Quadruple therapies, for Helicobacter pylori infection 651, 651b
Qualities, of effective leader and manager 75b
Quality improvement 77–78
Quality study time 20–21
QuantiFERON-TB Gold test 672
Quantitative immunoglobulin 906b
Quantitative ultrasound for bone mineral density measurement 871
Quantum theory, of leadership and management 75b
Questions
avoiding reading into 26–28, 27b
on client needs 4, 5t, 33–34, 34b
cognitive ability and 4, 5b
ingredients of 26–28, 27b
on integrated process of caring 6
pharmacological 35–36, 35b
on physiological integrity 5–6, 5t, 6b
on prioritizing nursing actions 29–33, 30–33b, 30f
on psychosocial integrity 5t, 6b
on safe and effective care environment 4, 5b
subject of 28–29, 29b
Rabbit fever 177
RACE mnemonic 171b
Racial and ethnic minorities
assessment tool for 43b
care for 42–45
health care considerations for 45

Radial artery puncture, Allen’s test before 116b
Radial keratotomy 801
Radiation
ionizing, as warfare agent 178
safety 172
Radiation therapy 534–535, 534b
for bladder cancer 551–552
side effects in children 390t
Radioactive iodine uptake 580
Radioallergosorbent test 436b
Radiography
chest, in asthma 436b
intravenous urography 759–760
kidney, ureters, and bladder 759
in musculoskeletal disorders 870
skull and spinal 831
Radiosurgery, stereotactic 838, 1049
Rales 159t
Raloxifene 894
Raltegravir 913
Range of motion 162
Ranitidine 651
Rape 972
Rape trauma syndrome 972
Rapid response teams 80
Rash
of Lyme disease 904f
roseola 490
rubella 490, 490f
rubeola (measles) 490, 490f
scabies 375f
scarlet fever 492
Rate, in mechanical ventilation 1040t
Ratio and proportion 184b
Ratio solutions 187
Rationalization defense mechanisms 923b
Raynaud’s disease 724–725
Reaction formation defense mechanisms 923b
Reasoning, ethical 58
Recent memory, in mental status exam 151b
Reconstitution, of powder medication 187
Reconstructive level, in psychotherapy 926
Reconstructive surgery, in cancer treatment 533

Recovery
in disaster management 84
phase, of acute kidney injury 761–762, 762b
Rectal enema, irrigations and 211
Rectal measurement, of temperature 121
Rectal temperatures 120
Rectum, assessment of 167
Red blood cell count 698
Red blood cells, packed 1006–1007
Red reflex 155
Reduction
of fractures 873
in children 482
of risk potential subcategories on examination 5–6, 6b
Reed-Sternberg cells 389
REEDA, mnemonics 202
Re-educative level, in psychotherapy 926
Referent power 76b
Reflex irritability, in Apgar scoring 341t
Reflexes
assessment of
in neurologic system 834b
in newborn 346–347
during pregnancy 288–289, 290b
Babinski 834b
corneal (blink) 834b
corneal light 154
deep tendon 165, 165b
gag 157, 834b
patellar, magnesium sulfate in 362, 363t
plantar 165
pupillary light 154b
red 155
Reflux, gastroesophageal 626
Refraction 801
Refractive errors 801
Refreezing, in change process 78, 78f
Refugees, care for 51–52
Registering, to take examination 14
Regression defense mechanisms 923b
Regulation, of nursing practice 59–60
Rehabilitation, in burn injury 1030
Rehabilitative surgery, in cancer treatment 533
Reinforcer, in behavior therapy 926

Rejection
of donor eye 806, 806f
of donor kidney 774, 774b
Relational theory, of leadership and management 75b
Relationship-based practice 74
Relaxation, of muscle 869
Religions
Remote memory, in mental status exam 151b
Renal biopsy 760
Renal calculi 777–778, 778b
treatment options for 778–779, 779f
Renal cortex 756
Renal disorders, pediatric
bladder exstrophy 463
cryptorchidism 462
enuresis 461–462
epispadias and hypospadias 462–463, 462f
glomerulonephritis 459–460, 459b
hemolytic-uremic syndrome 461, 461b
nephrotic syndrome 460–461, 460f, 461b
Renal findings, in liver dysfunction 633f
Renal function studies 131
Renal insufficiency, metabolic acidosis with 114b
Renal medications 788–797
anticholinergics 790, 790b
antispasmodics 790, 790b
cholinergics 790–791
fluoroquinolones 789b, 855
hematopoietic growth factors 792–793, 792b
organ rejection prevention, medications for 791–792, 791b
sulfonamides 789–790, 789b
urinary tract analgesics 790, 790b
urinary tract antiseptics 788, 789b
Renal medulla 756
Renal problems 756–787
acute kidney injury 761–762, 761–762b
benign prostatic hypertrophy 780–781, 781f
bladder trauma 782
chronic kidney disease 762, 763–764b, 763t, 764f
continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for 771
cystitis 774–775, 774–775b
epididymitis 780
glomerulonephritis 776
hemodialysis for 766–767, 769b
hydronephrosis 777, 777f
hyperplasia 780–781, 781f
kidney transplantation for 772–774, 773f, 774b
kidney tumors 779–780
nephrotic syndrome 776
peritoneal dialysis 770–771, 770f, 771b
polycystic kidney disease 776–777
prostatitis 780
pyelonephritis as 776
renal calculi 777–778, 778b
uremic syndrome 766
ureteritis 776
urethritis 775
urinary tract infection 774–775, 774–775b
urosepsis 1047
Renal system
diagnostic tests for 757–760, 758t
normal function values for 758b
Renal tube 1016
Renin 757
Renography 760
Reports
of incident 66, 66b
nurse’s responsibilities in 68
types of 79–80, 80b
Repression defense mechanisms 923b
Reproductive system 258–265
in cystic fibrosis 438–439
physiological maternal changes in 268–269

Research consent 63b
Resin uptake test, T3 and T4 580
Resistance, to change 78, 78b
Respirations 122–123
of adolescent 237b
assessment of 834b
of preschooler 235b
of toddler 234b
Respiratory acidosis 111–112, 112b, 113t, 115, 115t
Respiratory alkalosis 112–113, 113b, 113t, 115, 115t
Respiratory distress, in newborn 344
Respiratory distress syndrome 363
in newborn 349
Respiratory medications 678–694
anticholinergics 679–680, 679b
antihistamines 681, 681b
antitussives 682, 682b
bronchodilators 678–679, 679b
expectorants and mucolytic agents 682, 682b
glucocorticoids 679b, 680
for influenza 688–690, 688b
inhalation devices for 678, 679f
inhaled nonsteroidal antiallergy agent 679b, 680
leukotriene modifiers 679b, 680
monoclonal antibody 680–681
multidrug-resistant strain of tuberculosis (MDR-TB) 683
nasal decongestants 681–682, 681b
opioid antagonists 682–683, 682b
pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 690
for tuberculosis 683, 683b
Respiratory problems 431–446
acute respiratory distress syndrome 1043
acute respiratory failure 1042
asthma 435–438, 436–437b
bronchiolitis 433–434
bronchitis 433
carbon monoxide poisoning 1025, 1026t
in children 436t
cystic fibrosis 438–440, 439b, 439f

epiglottitis 431–432, 432f
foreign body aspiration 441, 441f
laryngotracheobronchitis 432–433, 432b, 433t
mechanical ventilation for 1038–1041, 1039f, 1040b, 1040t
oxygen for 1035–1038, 1036–1037t, 1037b, 1037–1038f
pneumonia 434–435
pneumothorax 1041, 1042b, 1042f
respiratory syncytial virus 433–434, 434b
smoke inhalation injury 1025, 1025b
sudden infant death syndrome 440–441
Respiratory process 659
Respiratory rate 122–123
in dehydration. pediatric 398t
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 433–434, 434b
Respiratory system 658–677
acute respiratory distress syndrome 664
acute respiratory failure 663–664
asthma 664–666, 664f, 665b
chest injuries in 662–663
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 666–667, 666–667f, 667b
diagnostic tests in 659–662, 659b, 660f, 661b
empyema 669
histoplasmosis 670
influenza 668
Legionnaire’s disease 668–669
mechanical ventilation for 662
occupational lung disease 670–671
physiological maternal changes in 267–268, 268f
pleural effusion 669
pleurisy 669
pneumonia 667–668
pneumothorax 662–663, 663b, 663f
postoperative care of 197–198
pulmonary embolism 669–670, 670b
sarcoidosis 670
treatments for 662, 663b, 663f
tuberculosis 671–673, 671b, 672t, 673b
tubes for
endotracheal 1016, 1018f
tracheostomy 1019b, 1019f, 1020–1021t
Respiratory therapist, roles of 79
Respondeat superior 59
Respondent conditioning, in behavior therapy 926, 926f
Response, in disaster management 84
Responsibilities, professional 74–76
Restitution, in labor 306b
Restlessness, in dying client 241b
Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (RPC-IPAA) 638
Restraints 173–174, 174b
for infant, with cleft lip and palate 408
seclusion and 967–968
Restrictive airway disorders, medications for 679b
Resuscitation/emergent phase, for burn injury 1026–1027, 1026t
Retina 799
Retinal detachment 212, 803–804, 804f
Retinoids, for acne vulgaris 524b, 525
Retinopathy, of prematurity 350
Retraction(s), in epiglottitis 431, 432f
Retropubic prostatectomy 550
Retrospective (“looking back”) audit 77
Rett syndrome 473
Reuptake inhibitors 979b
Revascularization, transmyocardial 703
Reverse Trendelenburg’s position 210
Reward power 76b
Rh antigens, in erythroblastosis fetalis 351f
Rh factor, in antepartum diagnostic testing 272
Rheumatic fever 454, 454b, 454f
Rheumatoid arthritis 881–882, 881b, 892f
medications for 892–893, 892b, 892f
Rheumatoid factor 881

Rhinitis, allergic 427
Rho(D) immune globulin 351, 366
Rhonchi 159t
Rib fracture 662, 1041
Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) 1055b
Rickettsia rickettsii 494
Rifabutin 686
Rifampin 684–685
Rifapentine 686
Right atrium 696
Right ventricle 696
Right ventricular failure 715
Rimantadine 689t
Rinne test 155
Risk factors
in African Americans 42–43
in Alaska Natives 45
for alcohol misuse 955
in American Indians 45
in Asian American 45
in battered individuals 49
for cancer
breast 542
cervical 540
endometrial 542
laryngeal 548
for eye disorders 801b, 808b
in foster children 49–50, 50b
in Hispanics/Latino 43–45
in homeless 47
in immigrants and refugees 51–52
in individuals with chronic illness 52
in individuals with mental illness 50
for integumentary system 508
in intellectually disabled individuals 48–49
in LGBTQ population 46
in military veterans 51
for musculoskeletal system disorders 870b
in Native Hawaiian 45
for osteoporosis 883b
in Pacific Islander 45
in prisoners 51
for renal system disorders 757b
in single parents 49
in socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals and families 48
in victims of abuse or neglect 49
Risk management 66
Ritonavir 913
Rivaroxaban 737–738, 738b
Rivastigmine 987
Rods and cones 799
Roles
of health care team members 79
nurse’s
in advance directives 67–68
in disaster planning 85, 85b
in reporting 68
Romberg’s test 164
Rooting, in newborn 346
Roseola (exanthema subitum) 490, 490f
Rotation, in labor 306b
Rotator cuff injuries 872
Rotavirus 406
Rotavirus vaccine (RV) 230–231
RSV See Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Rubella
during pregnancy 291
Rubella titer, in antepartum diagnostic testing 272–273
Rubella vaccine 273
Rubeola (measles) 489–490, 490f
Rubra 325
Rule of 9 for estimation, of burn percentage 1024f
Run-Out-Of-Time (R.O.O.T) Rule 18
Rupture, of uterus, in labor and birth 321
Rupturing aneurysm 725
Russell’s traction 482, 874, 874f
Saccular aortic aneurysms 725
Sacral spine injuries 1052
Safe environment
emergency response plan and disasters 176
environmental safety 171–174, 171b, 171t
health care-associated (nosocomial) infections and 174–175
provision of 171–182
questions on examination associated with 4, 5b, 33
standard precautions in 175
transmission-based precautions in 175–176
warfare agents
biological 176–178, 176–177f, 177b
chemical 178
nurse’s role in exposure to 178–179
Safeguards, legal 66–67, 66–67b
Safety
accidents and 172, 172b
adolescent 238
during ambulation 172
with antineoplastic medication administration 568
electrical 171–172
falls and 172, 173b
fire 171, 171t
for health care worker 173b
infant 233–234
infection control and, subcategories on examination 4, 4t
newborn 347, 347b
for poisons 174
positioning clients for 209–213
preschooler 236
radiation 172
for restraints 173–174, 174b
toddler 235
Safety needles 187
Salem sump tube 1011–1012, 1012f
Salicylic acid
for acne vulgaris 525
for psoriasis 523
Sandbags, for proper positioning 213b
Saquinavir 913
Sarcoidosis 670
Sarcoma
Kaposi’s 905–906
osteogenic 391–392
Sarcoptes scabiei 375
Sarin 178
Saunders Comprehensive Review for the NCLEX-RN® Examination 2
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Saunders RNtertainment for the NCLEX-RN® Exam 2
Saunders Strategies for Test Success: Passing Nursing School and the NCLEX® Exam 2
Savant 473
Scabies, in child 375–376, 375b, 375f
Scalp, pediculosis capitis in 374
Scan
bone 871
kidney 760
thyroid 580
Scarring, bum injury 1030
Scheduling appointment, for examination 15
changing of 15–16
Schemata, in Piaget’s theory, of cognitive development 219
Schizoid personality disorder 945
Schizophrenia 941–944, 942b, 942f, 944b
risk factors in individuals with 50
Schizotypal personality disorder 945
School-age children
characteristics of 236
hospitalized 227
vital signs of 237b
growth and development of, Erikson’s theory of 220b, 220t
nutrition and 139b
Schultz-Charlton reaction 492
Schwann cells 831
SCLC See Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)
Sclera 799
assessment of 154
Scleral buckling procedure 804, 804f
Scleroderma 903
Sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral 846
Sclerotherapy 723
for esophageal varices 634, 1034
Scoliosis
assessment of 162b
in children, idiopathic 480
Scored tablets 185
Scorpion stings 511–512
Screening
sickle cell 273
targeted 418
universal 418
Scrotum 258
assessment of 166
Sealed radiation implant 534–535b
Seclusion, restraints and 967–968
Second-line medications, for tuberculosis 683b, 686–688
Secondary assessment, in emergency department 86
Secondary hypertension 728
Secretory phase, of menstrual cycle 259b
Security, information 64–66, 65b
Security devices 967–968
Sedation
levels of 1055b
Sedative-hypnotics 983–984, 984b
Seizures 839–841
disorders in children 468b, 471–472, 472b
with eclampsia 289, 290b
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) 978–979, 979b
Self-examination
breast 542, 543f
testicular 166–167, 539, 539f
Self-help 927b
Self-irrigation of urinary stoma 554b
Self-monitoring, of blood glucose level 591, 592b
Self-neglect, in older adult 252
Semicircular canals 807
Semi-Fowler’s position 209, 211–212
Semilunar valves 696
Semiprone position 210f
Sengstaken-Blakemore tube 211, 1012f, 1015
Senses, changes in, with aging 249
Sensitivity testing, urinary 759
Sensorimotor stage, of cognitive development 219
Sensorineural hearing loss 155, 808, 808f
Sensory function
assessment of 165
Sensory neurons 831
Sensory system
changes in older clients 172b
Separation anxiety

Sepsis 1058, 1058b
in newborn 352
as oncological emergencies 555, 1030–1031
Septal defect
atrial 449, 449b
ventricular 450
Septic shock 1057–1059
Septicemia, due to blood transfusion 1010–1011
Septicemic plague 177
Serosa 325
Serosanguineous exudate 515
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) 979
Serum calcium 102
Serum creatinine 131, 758
Serum lipids 698
Serum magnesium 103
Serum phosphorus 104
Serum potassium 98, 128–129
Serum sodium 100, 127–128
in syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone 555, 1031
Servant theory, of leadership and management 75b
Settings
for health and physical assessment 148
of pacemakers 710
Sexual abuse, child 970–971
Sexual assault, older adult 972
Sexual harassment 68
Sexual orientation 45
further questions based on 43b
Sexual violence 969b
Sexuality
in early adulthood 238–239
in middle adulthood 238–239
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) 463
pregnancy and 272–273, 273t, 293–295
Shaken baby syndrome 970, 970b
Shared theory, of leadership and management 75b
Sharps, disposal of 172
Shaving, of surgical site 194
Shingles 510
Shock 1056–1058
postoperative 200
spinal and neurogenic 1052b, 1053
stages of 1057
treatments for 1057–1058
types of 1056–1057
Shortness of breath, in pregnancy 271
Shoulder presentation, in labor and birth 304
Shunt(ing)
arteriovenous, for hemodialysis 767–768, 768f
for esophageal varices 634, 634f, 1034, 1035f
ventriculoperitoneal 837b, 1050b
SIADH See Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
Sibilant wheeze 159t
Sick day rules for diabetic child 402b
Sickle cell anemia 380–381, 381b, 381f
Sickle cell crisis 381b
Sickle cell screening, in pregnancy 273
Side rails, for proper positioning 213b
Side-lying position 210, 210f, 213
SIDS See Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Sighs, in mechanical ventilation 1040t
Silver sulfadiazine, for burn injury 526
Simple face mask 1035, 1036–1037t, 1037f
Simple fracture 872b
Simple partial seizure 840b
Sims’ position 210f
SIMV See Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV)
Single lumen urinary catheter 1016
Single parents, care for 49
Single-lumen tube, of tracheostomy 1019b
Sinoatrial (SA) node 696
Sinus bradycardia 697, 705–706
Sinus rhythm, normal 705, 705–706f, 706b
Sinus tachycardia 697, 706
Sinus venosus defect 449
Sinuses
assessment of 156
Sirolimus 791, 914
Situational crisis 965b
Situational leadership 75
Skeletal muscle relaxants 890–891, 891b
Skeletal muscles 870

Skeletal traction 873–874, 1054
Skills
adolescent 238
infant 233b
preschooler 236
toddler 235
Skin
anthrax transmission and symptoms in 177b
of newborn 342, 342f
care of, in dying client 241b
color
characteristics of 152b
cultured, for burn injury care 1029b
self-care with radiation therapy 534
Skin biopsy 509
Skin cancer 512–513, 513b
Skin culture 509
Skin graft, positioning clients with 209
Skin sensor, insulin pump and 591
Skin tests 661, 661b
in asthma 436b
in immune disorders 899–900, 900f
tuberculin, in pregnancy 273
Skin traction 874–875
Russell 482
Skin turgor 152
Skull
fractures 837b
radiography of 831
Skull tongs 1054
Slander 61
Sleep patterns
of adolescent 237
depression and 940b
of infant 232

of toddler 234–235
Slit lamp 800
Slow-paced breathing, in labor and birth 307b
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) 547
Small for gestational age 348
Small intestine 622
Smallpox 177, 177f
Smoke inhalation injury 1025, 1025b
Snake bites 512
Snellen eye chart 153
SOAP notes 149–150t
Social history 148
Social networks, confidentiality and information security and 65
Social worker, roles of 79
Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) 1055
Socioeconomic status (SES) 48
Socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals and families, care for 47–48
Sodium
diet for restricted intake of 141b, 142
homeostasis of 757
in hypernatremia 101–102, 101t
in hyponatremia 100–101, 101t
restriction of, in glomerulonephritis 459
Sodium bicarbonate 757
as antacids 650t
metabolic alkalosis due to excess ingestion/infusion of 114b
Soft diet 140–141
Soft palates 157
Solid tumor 531
Somogyi phenomenon 591
Sonorous wheeze 159t
Special consents 63b
Special populations
assessment tool for 42, 43b
battered individuals 49
care of 42–57
foster children 49–50, 50b
groups of 42, 43b
homeless 47, 48b
immigrants and refugees 51–52
individuals with chronic illness 52
individuals with mental illness 50–51

intellectually disabled individuals 48–49
lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals 45–47
military veterans 51
older adults 51, 51b
prisoners 51
racial and ethnic minorities 42–45
single parents 49
socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals and families 47–48
uninsured and underinsured individuals 48
victims of abuse or neglect 49
Special Populations Needs Assessment Tool 42, 43b
Specific gravity 758–759
Specimen collection, for arterial blood gases 114–115, 116b
Speculum examination, of internal genitalia 166
Speech
in differentiating delirium, depression, and dementia 250t
rehabilitation following laryngectomy 549b
Speech therapist 79
Spider bites 511
Spikes, of pacemakers 710
Spina bifida occulta 472
Spinal accessory nerve 153, 163–164t
Spinal block, for labor and birth 311
Spinal cord
compression with cancer 555, 1031
transection 1051
Spinal cord injuries 1050–1051
assessment of 1052
autonomic dysreflexia in 1056b
cervical 1052
lumbar 1052
medications for 1055
sacral 1052
spinal and neurogenic shock in 1052b, 1053
surgical interventions for 1055
syndromes in incomplete injury 1051–1052, 1051f
thoracic 1052
transection of cord in 1051
vertebrae involved in 1051
Spinal fusion 1055

Spinal nerves 831
Spinal shock 1052b, 1053
Spine
changes of, with aging 249f
radiography of 831
Spiral (helical) computed tomography (CT) scan 661
Spiral fracture 872b
Spirituality, mental health nursing and 921
Spirometry, incentive 195
Spironolactone, for acne vulgaris 526
Splenic Sequestration, in sickle cell crisis 381b
Splenorenal shunt, distal, for esophageal varices 634f, 1035f
Splint/splinting
hand-wrist, for proper positioning 213b
incision 195, 196f
with Pavlik harness 478
Spongy bone 869
Sprains 872
Sputum cultures 672
Sputum specimen 659
Squamous cell carcinoma 513, 513b
“Squint,” 424
SRS See Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)
SSRIs See Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Stabilizers, mood 981–982, 981b
Stable angina 713
Staffing, hospital 59
Staging of cancers 531
biopsy 532
Standard precautions 175
Standards
of care 59
for client’s rights 62, 62b
Stapes 807
Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant
community-acquired, pediatric 494
Startle reflex, in newborn 346
State Board of Nursing, Nevada 24
Station, in labor and birth 304
Stature changes, with aging 248, 249f
Status asthmaticus 435
Statutory rape 972

Stavudine 912
Stem cell transplantation 387
Stenosis
aortic 450, 719, 719t
hypertrophic pyloric 410–411, 410f
pulmonary 450
tracheal 1020–1021t
Stents, coronary arteries 703
Stepping, in newborn 346–347
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) 838, 1049
Stevens-Johnson syndrome 514–515, 789
Stillbirth 336
Stimulants
central nervous system 859–860, 859b
as laxatives 653, 653b
Stimulation tests, of endocrine system 579–580
Stings and bites 511–512
Stoma
care following laryngectomy 549b
laryngectomy 548
urinary 554b
Stomach
analysis 624
cancer of 544–545, 545b
resection of 628
ulcers of 627, 628b
Stool
specimens, testing of 626
Stork bites 343t
Strabismus 424
Strains 872
Strategic words, on examination 26, 28, 28b
Strawberry mark 343t
Strawberry tongue, in scarlet fever 492, 493f
Strength, assessment of 162, 162t
Streptococcus, group B, during pregnancy 291
Streptococcus pneumoniae 434
in meningitis 470
Streptomycin 688, 688b
Stress
adaptation to, in psychiatric-mental health illness 923
temperature and 121

Stress test
cardiovascular 700
in angina 713
contraction 276b
Stretch receptors 697
Striae gravidarum 269
Stroke 212, 841–843, 842f
manifestation of 841–842b
Study, plan for 20, 21b
Study session, length of 20
Study time, quality 20–21
Subarachnoid (spinal) block, for labor and birth 311
Subarachnoid hemorrhage 837b
Subclavian catheter 767, 1001f
Subclavian vein, catheterization for parenteral nutrition 1002f, 1003
Subcutaneous injection, of parenteral medication 185, 186f
Subcutaneous nodules, in rheumatic fever 454f
Subdural hematoma 837b
Subinvolution, postpartum 335
Subject, of question 28–29, 29b
Sublabial transsphenoidal pituitary surgery 581–582
Sublimation defense mechanisms 923b
Sublingual nitrates 744
Subluxation 878
developmental dysplasia of hip 478b
Submersion injury 471
Substance use disorders 954–955, 954b, 957b
in pregnancy 272
Substances, potentially nephrotoxic 761b
Substitution defense mechanisms 923b
Succinimides 859
Sucking, in newborn 346
Sucralfate 649
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) 440–441
Sufentanil 363
Suicidal behavior 965–967, 966b
assessment 966b
Suicide, in older client 250
Sulfasalazine 893
Sulfonamides 789–790, 789b
Sulfur, for psoriasis 523
Sunscreens 522–523
Superego, in Freud’s theory, of psychosexual development 222
Superficial partial-thickness burn 1024, 1024f
Superficial thrombophlebitis 336b
Superficial-thickness burn 1023–1024
Superior vena cava syndrome 556, 1031–1032
Supine hypotension, in labor and birth 318–319
Supine position 210f, 213
Supplemental oxygen delivery systems 1035–1038, 1036–1037t
Supplies, for disaster preparedness 85b
Support groups 927b
Supportive level, in psychotherapy 926
Suppression defense mechanisms 923b
Suppression tests, of endocrine system 579–580
Suprapubic prostatectomy 550
Surfactants
lung 366–367
in respiratory distress syndrome 349
Surgery
ambulatory 203–204, 203b
appendectomy 412–413
bariatric 629, 630b, 630f
for bladder cancer 552–554
for breast cancer 542, 543b
for colorectal cancer 546
consent for 63b
craniotomy 838–839, 839b, 1048–1049, 1049b
for hydrocephalus 469
for idiopathic scoliosis 480
kidney transplantation 773f
for laryngeal cancer 548
for lung cancer 547
for prostate cancer 550
for refractive errors 801
for spinal cord injury 1055
of ulcerative colitis 638–639
Surgical site
preoperative preparation 194
Suspected hypoglycemic reaction 592b
Sutures, in newborn 341
Swallowing reflex, in newborn 346
Swayback 162b
Sweat chloride test, in cystic fibrosis 438, 439b
Symbolization defense mechanisms 923b

Sympatholytics, centrally acting 743, 743b
Sympathomimetic bronchodilators 678
Synarthrosis 870t
Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) 1038
in weaning 1041
Syncope, in pregnancy 269–270
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) 582–583
as oncological emergencies 555, 1031
Syndrome X 589
Syngeneic stem cell donor 535
Synovectomy 882
Synovial fluid 869
Synthetic materials, for burn injury 1029b
Syphilis
in newborn 352, 352f
in pregnancy 272, 273t, 293–294
stages of 294b
Syringe
insulin 186–187, 187f
5-mL 186, 186f
for parenteral medication administration 185
parts of 186f
tuberculin 186, 186f
Syringe pump 995–996
Systemic biological medications, for psoriasis 523b, 524
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) 1059, 1059–1060t
Systemic lupus erythematosus 902–903
Systemic sclerosis 903
Systole 697
Systolic blood pressure, in preeclampsia 289t
Systolic failure 715
Systolic pressure, in myocardial infarction 715
T lymphocytes count 489t
T-tube 631b
T wave 699b
Tablets 185
Tachycardia
fetal 307
sinus 697, 706
ventricular 707, 707f
Tachypnea, transient, of newborn 349–350
Tacrolimus 521, 521b, 858–859, 914
Tactile fremitus 157

Talipes calcaneus 479
Talipes equinus 479
Talipes valgus 479
Talipes varus 479
Tamoxifen citrate 571
Tamponade, cardiac 704, 718, 1045
Tarantula spider bite 511
Targeted therapy, for cancer 572
Taxanes 571b
Tazarotene 523, 525
T-bar 1036–1037t, 1037, 1038f
Teaching and Learning, as Integrated Process subcategories 6
Team, health care
collaboration among 79–80
consultation with 80
rapid response 80
roles of 79
Team leader 74
Team nursing 74
Tears, in dehydration, pediatric 398t
Teeth, assessment of 156
TEF See Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)
Telangiectatic nevi, as birthmark 343t
Telephone prescription guidelines 66, 66b
Telephone reports 80
Teletherapy 534, 534b
Temperature 120–121, 121b
of adolescent 237b
in hyperthermia 837
in neurological assessment 833
postoperative assessment of, in cardiac surgical unit 704, 1046
of preschooler 235b
of toddler 234b
Temporal arteries
palpation of 152
temperature measurement 121
Temporal lobe 831b
Temporary pacemakers 710–711
Temporomandibular joint 152
Tenofovir 912
Tensilon test 845, 855
Terbutaline 362t
Teriparatide 894
Test-taking strategies 2, 26–39, 26b
avoiding reading into question 26–28, 27b
for client needs 33–34, 34b
elimination of comparable or alike options 34, 34b
elimination of options containing close-ended words 34, 34b
look for umbrella option 34, 35b
for pharmacology questions 35–36, 35b
for positive and negative event queries 29, 29–30b
for prioritizing nursing actions questions 29–33, 30–33b, 30f
strategic words and 28, 28b
subject of question and 28–29, 29b
using guidelines for delegating and assignment making 34–35
Testes
cancer of 539–540, 539f
metastatic 531b
cryptorchidism of 462
Testicular self-examination (TSE) 166–167, 539, 539f
Testing appointment 24–25
Testing centers 17–18, 24–25
Tet spell 451, 451b
Tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine 492
Tetany, signs of 588b
Tetracyclines, adverse effects of 915–916t
Tetralogy of Fallot 451
Thalamus 830
β-Thalassemia major 382–383, 382b
The Joint Commission
2018 National Patient Safety Goals 173b
abbreviations and documentation guidelines 67
rights of mentally ill policies 62
Theophylline 678
Theories, of leadership and management 75, 75b
Therapeutic diets 140–143
carbohydrate-consistent 142
cardiac diet 141, 141b
fat-restricted 142
high-calcium 143
high-calorie, high-protein 142
high-iron 143
high-residue, high-fiber 141, 141b

liquid diet
clear 140
full 140
low-purine 143
low-residue, low-fiber 141
mechanical soft 140
potassium-modified 143
protein-restricted 142–143
renal 143, 143b
sodium-restricted 141b, 142
soft 140–141
Thermal heat injury 1025–1026
Thermal regulatory system, assessment of, in newborn 345–346, 345f
Thiazide diuretics 741, 741b
Third-spacing 93
Thirst
measures to relieve 143b
Thoracentesis 660, 660f
for lung cancer 547
Thoracic aneurysm 725
repair of 726
Thoracic spine injuries 1052
Thoracotomy 547
Thought processes
abnormal, in schizophrenia 942–943, 942b
altered
depression and 940b
Threatened abortion 282b
Throat
tonsillitis and adenoiditis 426–427
Thromboangiitis obliterans 725
Thromboembolism, in mechanical prosthetic valves 719
Thrombophlebitis 720
as complication, in intravenous therapy 998–1000t
deep vein 720, 722b
postoperative 200–201
Thrombopoietic growth factor 572b, 793

Thrombosis
deep vein, positioning clients in 212
venous 720
Thyroid gland
assessment of 153
disorders of 586–588, 586t, 587–588b, 587f
Thyroid hormones, as endocrine medications 606, 606b
Thyroid scan 580
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, diagnostic testing of 580
Thyroid storm 587, 588b, 607
Thyroidectomy 588
positioning client in 209–210
Thyrotoxicosis 587
Thyroxine
Tick bites, Rocky Mountain spotted fever due to 494, 494b
Tidal volume, in mechanical ventilation 1040t
Time management 82
Time-cycled ventilator 1038
Tinnitus 811
Tipranavir 913
TIPS See Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)
Tissue
damage, due to intravenous therapy 998–1000t
examination for cancer diagnosis 533
Tizanidine 891, 891b
TMP-SMZ See Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ)
Tocolytics 361, 362t
Toddler
hospitalized 226
vital signs of 234b
nutrition and 139b
Toilet training 235, 235b
Tomography 807
Tongs, skull 1054
Tongue
assessment of 157
strawberry, in scarlet fever 492, 493f

Tonic neck, in newborn 346
Tonic-clonic seizure 840b
Tonometry 801
Tonsillectomy 426
Tonsillitis 426, 426f
Topical anesthetics, ophthalmic 822
Topical antibiotics, for acne vulgaris 524b, 525
Topical glucocorticoids 521–523
Topical immunosuppressants, for dermatitis 521, 521b
Topical ointments, nitrate 744–745
Topical retinoids, for acne vulgaris 524b, 525
Topoisomerase inhibitors 571, 571b
Topotecan 571b
TORCH infections, in newborn 352
Tort law 60b
Total body fluid 93
Total care, nursing 74
Total hip replacement 213
Total knee replacement 878
Total proctocolectomy, with permanent ileostomy 639
Toxicity
acetaminophen 419
acetylsalicylic acid 419
atropine 820–821
benzodiazepines 983
carbon monoxide 1025, 1026t
citrate 1011
lithium 982
nephrotoxic substances 761b
Toxoplasmosis, during pregnancy 290–291
T-piece 1036–1037t, 1037, 1038f
in weaning 1041
Trace elements, in parenteral nutrition 1003
Trachea
assessment of 153
Trachea-innominate artery fistula 1020–1021t
Tracheal stenosis 1020–1021t
Tracheal suctioning 1021b
Tracheobronchitis 433
Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) 408–409, 409f, 1020–1021t
Tracheomalacia 1020–1021t
Tracheostomy 1018–1021
complications of 1020–1021t
tubes for 1019b, 1019f
Tracheostomy collar 1036–1037t, 1037, 1038f
Traction
balanced suspension 874–875, 874f
for cervical spine 1054, 1054b
for fractures 873, 874f
in children 482
skeletal 873–874
skin 874–875
Trade name 184
Transactional theory, of leadership and management 75b
Transcellular fluid 94f
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) 125
Transcutaneous pacing, noninvasive 710
Transdermal patch, nitrate 744
Transesophageal echocardiography 700
Transfer reports 80, 80b
Transformational theory, of leadership and management 75b
Transfusion reactions 1008–1010, 1010b
Transient tachypnea, of newborn 349–350
Transition phase, of labor 309–310, 309t
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) 634, 1034, 1035f
Translingual medications, nitrate 744
Transmyocardial revascularization 703
Transplantation
bone marrow 535
client’s rights and 62–63
heart 705
immunodeficiency after 906
kidney 772–774, 773f, 774b
peripheral blood stem cell 535
religious beliefs regarding 63
Transposition of great arteries/vessels 452
Transurethral resection of bladder tumor 552
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) 550
Transvenous pacing, invasive 710
Transverse fracture 872b
Transverse lie, in labor and birth 304, 305f
Trapeze bar, for proper positioning 213b
Trauma
birth 341
of bladder 782
in ear disorders 812–813
spinal cord 1050–1051

Traumatic head injury 837–839, 1047, 1048b
description of 837
types of 837b
Treadmill testing 700
Trendelenburg test 723
Trendelenburg’s position 211
reverse 210
Trendelenburg’s sign 478, 479f
Treponema pallidum 293
Tretinoin 525
Triage 85–86, 85–86b
Trichomoniasis, in pregnancy 272, 273t, 294
Tricuspid atresia 451
Tricuspid valve 696
disorders of 719t
Tricyclic antidepressants 979–980, 979b
Trigeminal nerve 163–164t
Trigeminal neuralgia 845–846
Triiodothyronine
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) 789, 789b
Triple lumen urinary catheter 1016
Triple therapy, for Helicobacter pylori infection 651, 651b
Tripod positioning 431
Trochanter rolls, for proper positioning 213b
Trochlear nerve 163–164t
Troponin 698
in angina 713
Trousseau’s sign 103f, 588
True labor 306, 306b
True pelvis 258
Truncus arteriosus 452
TSE See Testicular self-examination (TSE)
TST See Tuberculin skin test (TST)
Tubal ectopic pregnancy 284, 285f
Tube(s) 1013b
chest 1021–1023, 1022f
endotracheal 1016, 1018f
esophageal 1015
gastric 1015
gastrostomy
for esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula 409
intestinal 1014–1015
jejunostomy 1014b
lavage 1015
Levin 1011, 1012f
nasogastric 211, 1011, 1012f, 1013–1014b
respiratory system 1016–1018
Salem sump 1011–1012, 1012f
tracheostomy 1018–1021, 1019b, 1019f, 1020–1021t
urinary and renal 1016
Tube dislodgment, of tracheostomy 1020–1021t
Tube feedings
positioning clients for 211
Tube obstruction, of tracheostomy 1020–1021t
Tuberculin skin test (TST) 442, 442b, 672, 672t
in pregnancy 273
Tuberculin syringe 186, 186f
Tuberculosis 671–673, 671b, 672t, 673b
medications for 683, 683b
in pregnancy 295
Tubing
for blood products administration 1009b
intravenous 994–995, 994–995f
flow rates and 188
Tubules 756
Tularemia 177–178
Tumor(s)
brain, pediatric 392–393
grading and staging of 531
intestinal 545–547
neuroblastoma 391
solid 531
Wilms’ 390–391
Tumor lysis syndrome 556, 1032
Tumor marker, in ovarian cancer 541
Tuning fork tests, for hearing assessment 155
Tunneled central venous catheters 1000–1001, 1002f
Turner’s sign 637
TURP See Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
Tympanic cavity 807
Tympanic measurement, of temperature 121

Tympanic membrane
assessment of 156
injury to 813
Type 1 diabetes mellitus 589
Type 2 diabetes mellitus 589
medications for 610–612, 611t
Tyramine 981, 981b, 981f
U wave 699b
Ulcerative colitis 638–639, 639b
Ulcers
duodenal 628b, 629
gastric 627–629, 628b
peptic 627–629, 628b, 628f
pressure 515, 516b
Ultrasound
bladder 759
endoscopic, gastrointestinal 625
ocular 801
in pregnancy 274
quantitative, for bone mineral density measurement 871
Umbilical blood sampling, percutaneous 274
Umbilical cord
in fetal circulation 261, 262f
prolapsed, in labor and birth 318, 319f
Umbilical hernia 415
Umbrella option 34, 35b
Uncircumcised newborn 348
Unconscious client 835, 836b
Undoing defense mechanisms 923b
Unfreezing, in change process 78, 78f
Uniform Anatomical Gift Act 62
Unilateral neglect 843
Uninsured and underinsured individuals, care for 48
Unit, in drug measurement 183
Unit dosage per hour, infusion prescribed by 188, 188b
100-unit insulin syringe 186, 187f
Unplanned change 78
Unstable angina 713
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy 624
Upper gastrointestinal tract study 623
Upper respiratory airway 658
Urea breath test 626

Urea nitrogen 758
Uremic syndrome 766
Ureteral tube 1015f, 1016
Ureteritis 776
Ureterolithotomy 779
Ureterostomy 553–554
Urethral orifice, epispadias and hypospadias of 462
Urethritis 775
Urinalysis 758, 758t
in pregnancy 274
Urinary catheters 1016, 1017b
Urinary diversion, for bladder cancer 552, 553f
Urinary elimination, in dying client 241b
Urinary retention, postoperative 201
Urinary tract
antiseptics 788, 789b
bladder, as radiation therapy side effect 390t
physiological maternal changes of, in postpartum period 325
Urinary tract infection 209, 774–775, 774–775b
Urinary urgency and frequency, in pregnancy 270
Urine
culture and sensitivity testing 759
24-hour collection of 758
production of 756
Urine culture, in pregnancy 274
Urine output
in acute kidney injury 761
in cardiogenic shock 1043
postoperative 199
Urine specific gravity 758–759
Urine testing, in diabetes mellitus 591
pediatric 401
Urography, intravenous 759–760
Urolithiasis 777
Urosepsis 1047
Uterine activity, suppressing, tocolytics in 361, 362t
Uterine atony, postpartum 333, 334f
Uterine contractions, in labor and birth 304
Uterus 258
cancer of 542
changes in, during menstrual cycle 259b
inversion of, in labor and birth 321
involution of, in postpartum period 325, 326f
rupture of, in labor and birth 321
subinvolution of, in postpartum period 335
Uveal tract 799
Uvula 157
Vaccine
hepatitis A 635
hepatitis B 636
for newborn 367
for influenza 688–689
pneumococcal conjugate 690
reactions to 232
rubella
pregnancy and 273
Vacuum extraction, in labor and birth 313
Vagal maneuvers 708
Vagina 258
physiological maternal changes of 268
Vaginal candidiasis, during pregnancy 295
Vaginal discharge, in pregnancy 270
Vaginal procedure, positioning clients in 209
Vaginal ring 368
Vaginosis, bacterial, during pregnancy 295
Vagotomy 628
Vagus nerve 163–164t
Valproates 859
Valproic acid 859
Valsalva maneuver 708
Valuables, safeguarding of client’s 66
Values 58
Values clarification 58
Valves, heart, anatomy and physiology of 696
Valvotomy 719
Valvular heart disease 718–720, 719t, 720b
Valvuloplasty, balloon 719
Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), 24-hour urine collection for 580–581
Variability, in fetal heart rate 307, 307b
Variable decelerations, in fetal heart rate 308, 308f

Variant angina 713
Variceal ligation, endoscopic, esophageal 634, 1034
Varicella (chickenpox) 491, 491f
vaccine 231
Varicose veins 723
in pregnancy 270
Vascular access port, for intravenous therapy 1001, 1001f
Vascular system
peripheral, assessment of 160, 161b
Vaso-occlusive crisis, in sickle cell anemia 381b
Vasodilation, causes of 1057
Vasodilators
direct-acting, arteriolar 746–747, 746b
miscellaneous 747
peripheral 746, 746b
Vasogenic shock 1056
Vastus lateralis muscle, pediatric injection in 502f, 502t
Vegan and vegetarian diets 144, 276–277
Vein stripping, for varicose veins 723
Veins
varicose
in pregnancy 270
Vena cava filter 727, 727f
Vena cava syndrome, in labor and birth 318–319
Veno-occlusive disease, hepatic 536
Venous insufficiency 722–723
Venous thrombosis 720
Vented tubing 994–995
Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) lung scan 661
Ventilator alarms, causes of 1040b
Ventilators, mechanical, respiratory alkalosis due to overventilation by 113b
Ventricles
of brain 831
of heart 696
Ventricular contractions, premature 706–707, 707b, 707f
Ventricular fibrillation 707–708, 708f, 1044–1045
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) 450
Ventricular tachycardia 707, 707f, 1044–1045

Ventriculoatrial shunt, for hydrocephalus 469
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt 837b, 1050b
for hydrocephalus 469, 470f
Ventrogluteal muscle, pediatric injection in 502t
Venturi mask 1035, 1036–1037t, 1037f
Venules 698
Veracity 58b
Vernix caseosa, in newborn 342
Vertical lie, in labor and birth 304, 305f
Vesicostomy 554
Vestibular assessment 156b
Vestibulocochlear nerve 163–164t
Video questions 9–11, 12f
Vinca alkaloids 570–571, 571b
Vincristine 571
Violence 967
assessment questions for 969b
cycle of 968f
family 968–969
types of 969b
Viral carcinogen 532
Viral hepatitis, in pregnancy 272
Viral infection
encephalitis 846–847
meningitis 470
pneumonia 434
respiratory syncytial virus 433
Visa 19
VisaScreen 19
Visceral pericardium 696
Vision, assessment of 153
Vital signs 120, 120b
of adolescent 237b
guidelines for measuring 120
in health and physical assessment 151
of neurological system 163
of newborn 340
of preschooler 235b
of toddler 232b, 234b
Vitamin B12 deficiency 557, 629
Vitamin D
for osteoporosis 893
supplementation of, for infant 232–233

Vitamin K, for newborn 367
Vitamins 137
Vitreous 799
Vitreous body 799
Vocal fremitus 157
Voice sounds 158, 160b
Voice (whisper) test, for hearing assessment 155
Volume-cycled ventilator 1038
Volume per hour 188
Voluntary admission 924
Vomiting
in children 406
in hyperemesis gravidarum 287
metabolic alkalosis due to 114b
VSD See Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Vulvar hematoma 333, 334f
Walkers 877
Walking, in newborn 346–347
Wandering, in dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease 947
Warfare agents
biological 176–178, 176–177f, 177b
chemical 178
nurse’s role in exposure to 178–179
Warfarin sodium 738, 738b
Warming, of blood before blood transfusion 1008
Wasp sting 512
Wastes, disposal of infectious 172
Watch test, for hearing assessment 155
Water
homeostasis of 756–757
intoxication 98
Water-soluble vitamins 137, 138b
Weakness, in dying client 241b
Weaning 1040
Weber test 155

Wedge pillow, for proper positioning 213b
Weight
of adolescent 237
calculating pediatric dosages by 502, 502b
of infant 232
of newborn 341
percentage of body fluid 93
of preschooler 235
of toddler 234
Weight gain, during pregnancy 276
Weight loss
in labor 306
in newborn 344
Weighted flexible feeding tube with stylet 1012f
West Nile virus infection 847
West nomogram, for estimation of body surface area in infants and children 503f
Western blot 489t
Wheeze 159t
Whipple procedure 545, 545f
Whispered pectoriloquy 160b
White blood cell (WBC) count 131–132, 698
White blood cells (WBCs), leukemia and 387
Whiteheads 514
Whooping cough 491–492
Wilms’ tumor 390–391
Withdrawal
alcohol 956–957
benzodiazepine 956
nursing care 959b
Withdrawal delirium 956, 956b
Wood’s light examination 509
Wound
care in burn injury 1029–1030
culture of 509
drainage from 509
postoperative dehiscence and evisceration 202–203, 203b, 203f
postoperative infection of 201–202, 202b
Wound dressing
materials used for 517t
types of 517t
Wound healing
complications of 203f
phases of 508–509
Xenograft, for burn injury care 1029b
Yeast infection 509
Yersinia pestis 177
Zanamivir 689t
Zidovudine 286, 912
Zinc, food sources of 138b
Last Page
United States (U.S.) Top 100 Prescription Medications (by
Generic Name)*
Acetaminophen
Acetaminophen; Hydrocodone Bitartrate
Albuterol
Alendronate Sodium
Allopurinol
Alprazolam
Amitriptyline
Amlodipine Besylate
Amoxicillin
Aspirin
Atenolol
Atorvastatin
Azithromycin
Bacitracin; Neomycin; Polymyxin B
Budesonide; Formoterol
Bupropion
Buspirone Hydrochloride
Carvedilol
Cetirizine Hydrochloride
Citalopram
Clonazepam
Clonidine
Clopidogrel Bisulfate
Cyclobenzaprine
Dextroamphetamine Saccharate
Diclofenac
Diltiazem Hydrochloride
Donepezil Hydrochloride
Duloxetine
Enalapril Maleate
Ergocalciferol
Escitalopram Oxalate
Esomeprazole
Estradiol
Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone
Ethinyl Estradiol; Norgestimate
Fenofibrate
Ferrous Sulfate
Finasteride
Fluoxetine Hydrochloride
Fluticasone
Folic Acid
Furosemide
Gabapentin
Glimepiride
Fluticasone Propionate; Salmeterol Xinafoate
Glipizide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide; Lisinopril
Hydrochlorothiazide; Losartan Potassium
Hydrochlorothiazide; Triamterene
Hydroxyzine
Ibuprofen
Insulin Aspart
Insulin Glargine
Insulin Human
Insulin Lispro
Lamotrigine
Latanoprost
Levetiracetam
Levothyroxine
Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate
Lisinopril
Loratadine
Lorazepam
Losartan Potassium
Lovastatin
Meloxicam
Metformin hydrochloride
Methylphenidate
Metoprolol
Metronidazole
Montelukast
Naproxen
Omeprazole
Ondansetron
Oxycodone
Pantoprazole Sodium
Paroxetine
Potassium
Pravastatin Sodium
Prednisone
Pregabalin
Propranolol Hydrochloride
Quetiapine Fumarate
Ranitidine
Rosuvastatin Calcium
Sertraline Hydrochloride
Simvastatin
Sitagliptin Phosphate
Spironolactone
Tamsulosin Hydrochloride
Tiotropium
Topiramate
Tramadol Hydrochloride
Trazodone Hydrochloride
Valsartan
Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
Warfarin
Zolpidem Tartrate
Prepared by: James Guibault, Jr., BS, PharmD

Information Sources:
Note: The data source (MEPS prescribed medicines file) is released annually by the U.S.
Government. This data release represents survey data from two years prior. The ClinCalc
DrugStats Database sanitizes and standardizes this data, and is typically released within a few
months of the MEPS release. There is an inherent delay in collecting the survey data (eg, in the
2017 calendar year), MEPS releasing the data from patients (August 2019), and the ClinCalc
DrugStats release (a few months later, classified as the 2020 drug list).
https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top200Drugs.aspx
* The list is based off total prescriptions issued in the most recent data made available by the U.S.
Government. There is always a lag time with this date, so these statistics are considered to be the
2019 list, but the rankings are from data from January to December 2017.
Instructions for online access

Thank you for your purchase. Please note that your purchase of this Elsevier eBook also includes
access to an online version. Please click here (or go to http://ebooks.elsevier.com) to request an
activation code and registration instructions in order to gain access to the web version.

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Abbreviations, common measurement 502b

physiological integrity questions and 33

prioritizing nursing actions and 29, 30b, 83b

wall defects of 414–415

Abdominal aneurysm resection, positioning clients in 211–212

Abdominal aortic aneurysm 725

resection of 725–726, 726f

Abdominal girth, measurement in cirrhosis 633f

Abdominal pain, in rheumatic fever 454f

of newborn 347, 347b

ABGs See Arterial blood gases (ABGs)

Abnormal thought processes

in dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease 948

in schizophrenia 942–943, 942b

Abnormality, determination of 33b

ABO typing 272

Abortion 281, 282b, 334

Abruptio placentae 292–293, 293f

Absence seizure 840b

Absorptiometry, dual-energy x-ray 871

assessment questions for 969b

child 970–971, 970b

further questions related to 43b

older adult 252, 971–972, 972b

victims of, care for 49

Abusive behaviors 967–968

Accelerations, in fetal heart rate 307–308

Acceptance, pregnancy and 269

Access to resources, further questions based on 43b

Accessory muscles of respiration 659

Accidents, older client and 172, 172b

ocular, assessment of 154b

Acetabular dysplasia, developmental dysplasia of hip 478b

Acetaminophen 126, 860b, 861

poisoning, in children 419

Acetylsalicylic acid 126

side and adverse effects of 126b

Acid-base balance 110–119, 111f

arterial blood gases and 114–116, 115t, 116b

hydrogen ions, acids, and bases in 110

metabolic acidosis and 113t, 114, 114b

metabolic alkalosis and 113t, 114, 114b

regulatory systems for 110–111, 111–112f