Wireless Network data collection

 Introduction
 Literature review
 Design and methodology
 Propose solution
 Open roaming
 Wifi 6
 Wifi 6E
 Combining all three
 Conclusion

Introduction It should give readers enough information to appreciate

your specific objectives within a larger theoretical framework. A
helpful strategy in this section is to go from the general, theoretical
framework to your specific question. Remember to present only the
most relevant ideas and get quickly to the point of the paper. After
placing your work in a broader context, you should state the specific
question(s) to be answered.
The Internet plays a major role in today’s communications, especially when its efficient
and cost effective manner is considered. Unlike, other communication tools, Internet has
been decentralized in such a way that any user can share, retrieve, sell or exchange
goods and services with any other Internet user within seconds.[ CITATION AlA06 \l 1033
]
Today the Internet has touched our life in a significant manner. It became part of our
daily routine due to the huge benefits we gain. Most companies went online and used the
Internet to apply e-commerce, which includes advertising, selling, buying, distributing
products and providing customer services. In addition, companies use the Internet in
business-to-business and business to consumer transactions. Individuals also use the
Internet for communication, entertainment, sharing information, buying and selling goods
and services. [ CITATION AlA06 \l 1033 ]
WiFi is the popular name for the wireless Ethernet 802.11b standard for WLANs and it
reefers to the technology surrounding the radio transmission of the Internet protocol
data from an Internet connection wirelessly to a host computer. Most often the Internet
connection is a higher speed one such as satellite, DSL or cable rather than slower dial-
up connections. It is essentially a wireless connection between your computer and the
Internet connection (E.g. DSL router or cable modem) in your house[4][ CITATION AlA06 \l
1033 ] [ CITATION Wek06 \l 1033 ]
New research directions will lead to fundamental changes in the design of future WiFi
networks. However, with an explosion of wireless mobile applications and services, there
are still some challenges on the spectrum crisis and high energy consumption. Wireless
system designers have been facing the continuously increasing demand for high data rates
and spectrum sharing required by new wireless applications and therefore have started
research on future WiFi wireless technologies that are expected to be deployed beyond
2020.[ CITATION Moh14 \l 1033 ]
Security has been a long trade off with Wi-Fi. Early wireless networks heavily leaned on
VPNs to provide Layer 3 security, which – aside from the additional overhead of
encapsulation and challenges of roaming, Quality of Service, client support and scalability –
left the IP network vulnerable to attacks.[ CITATION Wek06 \l 1033 ]
Some serious disadvantages are yet to overcome though. Wi-Fi networks have limited
range. Interference of a closed or encrypted access point with other open access points on
the same or a neighboring channel can prevent access to the open access points by others in
the area. This can pose a problem in high-density areas, such as large apartment buildings,
where many residents are operating Wi-Fi access points. Access points could be used to
access personal information transmitted from Wi-Fi users. Interoperability issues between
brands or deviations in the standard can cause limited connection or lower throughput
speeds. Technology is rapidly evolving in this area. All these problems are the major area of
research. Hopefully, these problems will be able overcome in near future.[ CITATION Wek06
\l 1033 ]
Research question: With increasing demand of Wi-Fi there are issues related to speed,
efficiency and security, how can such issues be solve by implementing various strategies
such as Open roaming, wifi 6 and wifi 6E?

Literature Review This section may include background information

about the problem such as a summary of any research that has been
done on the problem in the past and how the present experiment will
help to clarify or expand the knowledge in this general area. All
background information gathered from other published sources must,
of course, be appropriately cited in IEEE referencing format.

From global research [1] , in 2017 (20.3Mbps) the WiFi connection speeds generated from
dual mode devices will increase 3 times to speeds in 2012(7.7Mbps)[ CITATION Moh14 \l
1033 ].
[ CITATION Moh14 \l 1033 ].
The immediate future looks bright for the wireless hardware market. In the first quarter of
2019, spending on wireless technologies increased 6.9 percent overall, with enterprise
outpacing consumer growth (7.1 percent versus 6.6 percent)[ CITATION Nag19 \l 1033 ]

Design and methodology The author describes the proposed solution

to the problem identified in the Introduction. You must clearly state
the originality of your proposal and what novel contributions your
design brings to the body of knowledge. The author describes the
architectural design, the apparatus, methods of gathering data and
type of control. The general rule to remember is that the Materials and
Methods section should be detailed and clear enough so that any
reader knowledgeable in basic scientific techniques could duplicate
the study if she/he wished to do so
Open Roaming
There are two different classes of infrastructure operation. These are basic service set (BSS)
and extended services set (ESS). In BSS configuration each wireless node is associated with
an access-point and this association remains unchanged indefinitely, whereas, in ESS a
mobile node can roam around and disassociate from current access-point and associate
with a new access-point or re-associate with the previous access-points. The ESS is basically
meant to provide roaming support.[ CITATION Wek06 \l 1033 ].
Using the underlying technology behind HotSpot 2.0, an established industry standard, Cisco
expects to lead a broad federation of identity providers and wireless access networks that
will enable seamless and secure wireless access for all users. All Wi-Fi connections will be
secured over the air with industry-standard, enterprise grade security protocols. This focus
on security specifically addresses man-in-the-middle attacks or over the air sniffing.
Additionally, OpenRoaming will not share any personal identifiable information with the
owner of the Wi-Fi network unless you explicitly allow it.
To help ensure a high quality of service, networks supporting OpenRoaming will be asked to
meet certain standards, helping to ensure a faster and safer connection. Wi-Fi networks and
identity providers can apply policies to ensure that you connect only when a certain
performance threshold is met.
[ CITATION Mac19 \l 1033 ]
OpenRoaming brings together a federation of trusted identity providers, allowing users to
join any network managed by a federation member. The network is able to automatically
authenticate devices by using established identity providers, such as a service provider,
device manufacturer, cloud ID or even loyalty memberships.  OpenRoaming bridges the gap
between Wi-Fi and cellular networks and allows users to seamlessly and securely roam
between Wi-Fi networks without the use of splash pages or sign-in screens.  For users who
are customers of these ‘identity providers’ this means they will simply automatically
connect.[ CITATION Wir20 \l 1033 ]
OpenRoaming leverages secure authentication protocols such as RadSec, EAP-Transport
Layer Security (EAP-TLS), EAP-Tunneled TLS (EAP-TTLS),EAP-SIM or EAP-Authentication and
Key Agreement (AKA). All authentication traffic is TLS encrypted. OpenRoaming networks
are secure networks and leverage Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)2-Enterprise or WPA3 over-
the-air encryption, and as such offer enterprise-grade protection, unlike current open
wireless guest networks.[ CITATION Wir20 \l 1033 ]

Wi-Fi 6
According to IDC, “The enterprise WLAN is now dominated by the 802.11ac standard, which
makes up 86.4 percent of dependent access point (AP) shipments and 93.1 percent of
enterprise WLAN dependent AP revenues. The next iteration of the standard, 802.11ax also
known as WiFi 6, will increase in the market throughout the rest of 2019 and into 2020.In
the consumer WLAN market, the 802.11ac standard accounted for 58 percent of shipments
and 79.2 percent of revenue in 1Q19.”[ CITATION Nag19 \l 1033 ]
Wi-Fi 6 is the next evolution of wireless local area network (WLAN) technology. The
name Wi-Fi 6 is part of a new naming convention the Wi-Fi Alliance imposed on Wi-Fi
standards to make them more easily understood by Wi-Fi users, making it much like the
3G/4G/5G naming convention used by cellular data networks. The new designations have
nothing to do with speed, bandwidth capabilities, or other technical benchmarks--they're
purely generational.
Behind the Wi-Fi 6 name is the latest version of the 802.11 wireless networking standard:
802.11ax. This new Wi-Fi standard is reportedly up to 30% faster than Wi-Fi 5, but speed
hasn't been the main benefit touted by the Wi-Fi Alliance and other industry experts; Wi-Fi
6 also brings lower latency, more simultaneously deliverable data, and improved power
efficiency. In order to provide these changes, Wi-Fi 6 is improving on and introducing new
technology.[ CITATION Nag19 \l 1033 ]
Wi-Fi 6 is the first iteration of 802.11 to include Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple
Access (OFDMA), which is an improvement on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
(OFDM).
The major difference between OFDM and OFDMA is how it handles serving multiple
connected devices. OFDM only transmits traffic to a single recipient at a time, which can
create lag while users wait their turn for data. OFDMA can transmit data to multiple devices
at the same time, splitting traffic into smaller packets to eliminate queueing.[ CITATION
Nag19 \l 1033 ]
Wi-Fi 6 extends the capabilities of Multi-User Multi-Input/Multi-Output (MU-MIMO). MU-
MIMO was previously available only for downstream connections and allowed for a device
to send data to multiple receivers at the same time; Wi-Fi 6 adds MU-MIMO capabilities to
upstream connections as well--this will allow more simultaneous devices on one network.
[ CITATION Nag19 \l 1033 ]
The opening of the 6GHz spectrum to Wi-Fi will add 14 80MHz channels and seven 160MHz
channels. As TechRepublic sister site CNET explained, the 6GHz spectrum will be ideal for
the high speed, short distance communication needs of future Wi-Fi devices. Other 6GHz
benefits mentioned by the Wi-Fi Alliance include wider channels, reduced interference, low
latency, gigabit speeds, and high capacity for managing more devices.[ CITATION Nag19 \l
1033 ]
 In addition to OFDMA, MU-MIMO and beamforming, some other key technology additions
to WiFi6 include Target Wake Time, which can improve battery performance in mobile
devices by signaling when radios can be turned on and off, support for wider frequency
channels of transmission, and something called spatial frequency reuse, which lets more
devices peacefully co-exist on different channels on the same network or across neighboring
networks.[ CITATION ODo20 \l 1033 ]

Wi-Fi 6E
Signal modulation techniques like OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access)
and transmission technologies like beamforming and MU-MIMO (Multi-User Multiple Input,
Multiple Output), for example, are a key part of both WiFi 6/6E and 5G.[ CITATION ODo20 \l
1033 ]
The other interesting new connection between WiFi 6, or more specifically, WiFi 6E, and 5G
is the availability of new spectrum, or open airwaves, that can be used to transmit more
data on each of these networks. [ CITATION ODo20 \l 1033 ]
Specifically, the FCC enabled the use of frequencies from 5.9 to 7.1 GHz for unlicensed WiFi
use, and devices that can support those new frequencies can be labelled with the brand
new WiFi 6E standard (a name created by the WiFi Alliance industry consortium). The catch
is that, right now, those frequencies are only available as unlicensed spectrum in the US,
and it could take (although hopefully won’t) several years for other countries to make the
same move.[ CITATION ODo20 \l 1033 ]
 The good news is, new 6E-capable devices and routers will likely use that new set of
frequencies exclusively, freeing up the older, lower frequency bands to be used solely by
older devices. That doesn’t really matter right now, of course, but eventually that will make
a big difference in improving overall WiFi speeds, reducing WiFi network congestion and
reducing network response time (i.e., improvements in latency). WiFi mesh routing systems,
in particular, are likely to be the earliest benefactors of the new 6 GHz spectrum. Both WiFi
6 and WiFi 6E devices and routers can take advantage of all the new technologies described
above. The key difference is that WiFi 6E-equipped components can use them both on
existing 2.4 and 5 GHz frequencies as well as the new 6 GHz frequencies, whereas “normal”
WiFi 6 devices can only use those technologies at the older 2.4 and 5 GHz bands.[ CITATION
ODo20 \l 1033 ]

Combination of all three

As 5G, Wi-Fi 6 and other next-generation wireless technologies take hold, immersive and
bandwidth-intensive applications will become the norm. In order to ensure that those
applications are available as people are on the move, seamless roaming between networks
will become even more be necessary. Combining the convenience of mobile roaming with
Wi-Fi 6 connectivity, OpenRoaming allows devices to connect automatically to Wi-Fi and
seamlessly roam from one hotspot to another without the need for the user to log in,” the
Canary Wharf Group said in a statement. “The joint initiative will also provide up to four
times faster wireless speeds by deploying Cisco Wi-Fi 6 access points, along with
sophisticated location-based analytics to allow clients to build unique services for their
customers.[ CITATION Coo20 \l 1033 ].
OpenRoaming will also help accelerate the adoption of other emerging wireless access
technologies that will help 5G and Wi-Fi 6 networks work better together. With the ability to
access more applications through more bandwidth and reliability, users will gain an
enhanced wireless experience as they move between 5G and Wi-Fi 6 networks.[ CITATION
Mac19 \l 1033 ]

Conclusion
s.Higher speed and higher capacity Wi-Fi supported by additional spectrum will facilitate the
continued development of wireless connected computing supporting high end-to-end
connectivity speeds, improved quality of service in contested environments, higher mobile
traffic offload and support the development of cloud computing applications. The future of
Wi-Fi security will be very bright if we overcome the security problems in the present
technologies such as modulation spectrum technique, default password settings, wireless
equivalent privacy, service set identifier etc. And if we protect Wi-Fi from these security
problems, we have long way to produce great technologies under Wi-Fi Networking in
future. The security requirements vary depending on the amount of network traffic and the
level of secrecy required for the information being exchanged and the application being
used. Wi-Fi protected access is designed to meet these different requirements by running in
two different modes, enterprise and home.Although the future is uncertain, the Wi-Fi
industry will track record in innovation over the years. This has been first-rate and it shows
no signs of slowing down now. [ CITATION Moh14 \l 1033 ]