La Excellence Upsc

MAINS 2019-GENERAL STUDIES II APPROACH
1. Do you think that constitution of India does not accept principle of strict separation of
powers rather it is based on the principle of checks and balances? Explain.
Approach:
Underlying theme: About principle of checks and balances.
Keyword: ‘Explain’: make (an idea or situation) clear to someone by describing it in more detail or
revealing relevant facts.
Introduction: Give a brief introduction on’ separation of powers’. Example: ‘Separation of powers’
is a constitutional principle that limits the powers vested in any person or institution. It divides
governmental authority into three branches: legislative (Parliament or Senate), executive (President or
Prime Minister and the Cabinet), and judiciary (Chief Justice and other judges).
Body: Give supporting arguments for the statement given in the question. Example: In India, we
follow a separation of functions and not of powers. And hence, we don’t abide by the principle in its
rigidity.
• Write more such statements and write some examples if possible to prove the statement.
Example: An example of it can be seen in the exercise of functions by the Cabinet ministers, who
exercise both legislative and executive functions.
• Art.74 (1) wins them an upper hand over the executive by making their aid and advice mandatory
for the formal head.
• The executive, thus, is derived from the legislature and is dependent on it, for its legitimacy, this
was the observation made by the Honble S.C. in Ram Jawaya vs. State of Punjab.
• Write more such statements and write about principle of checks and balances. Example: The
system of checks and balances is one of the most striking aspects of Indian constitutional
scheme.
• The three organs can practically not be segregated into three incontrovertible compartments due
to their interdependence on each other to ensure effective governance.
• They have to work in harmony and in consonance to attain a meaningful sustenance and
purposeful progress of inhabitants. Though, minimum infringement is always desirable.
• The aim of checks and balances is to safeguard that different branches of government control
each other internally (checks) and serve as counter weights to the power possessed by the other
branches (balances).
• The most noticeable example of a check is the power of the judiciary to appraise executive
conduct and ordinary laws for the compliance with the Constitution and the Bill of Rights.
• Write more such statements with more examples.
HYDERABAD (ASHOK NAGAR) BANGALORE MADHAPUR

9052192929 9121442929 9052492929
©CivilsPrep 8448449709 civilsprep.help@gmail.com Page 1 of 24
Conclusion: Summarize the arguments made in the answer and write way forward. Example: Thus,
the separation of functions and this principle of checks and balances are to limit the power and to
make the branches of government accountable to each other.
2. “The central administrative tribunal which was established for redressal of grievances and
complaints by or against central government employees nowadays is exercising its power as
independent judicial authority.” Explain.
Approach:
Underlying theme: About the functions of central administrative tribunal.
Keyword: ‘Explain’: make (an idea or situation) clear to someone by describing it in more detail or
revealing relevant facts.
Introduction: Give a brief introduction on Administrative tribunals. Example: The Administrative
Tribunals Act in 1985 enacted by the Parliament authorises the central government to establish central
administrative tribunal and the state administrative tribunals.
Body: Give supporting arguments for the statement given in the question. Example: Part XIV-A of
the constitution provides for the tribunals. The provision was added through 42nd Amendment Act,
1976. Article 323A and 323B provide for Administrative Tribunals and Tribunals related to other
matters respectively.
• Administrative Tribunals Act owes its origin to Article 323-A of the Constitution which
empowers Central Government to set-up by an Act of Parliament, Administrative Tribunals for
adjudication of disputes and complaints with respect to recruitment and conditions of service of
persons appointed to the public service and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union and
the States.
• Write more such statements and write about CAT by addressing the question. Example: The
CAT was set-up on 1 November 1985.
• The Central Administrative Tribunal has been established for adjudication of disputes with
respect to recruitment and conditions of service of persons appointed to public services and posts
in connection with the affairs of the Union or other local authorities within the territory of India
or under the control of Government of India and for matters connected therewith or incidental
thereto.
• These Benches also hold circuit sittings at other seats of High Courts. In brief, the tribunal
consists of a Chairman, Vice-Chairman and Members.
• The Members are drawn, both from judicial as well as administrative streams so as to give the
Tribunal the benefit of expertise both in legal and administrative spheres.
• These tribunals take a functional rather than a theoretical and legalistic approach. The traditional
judiciary is conservative, rigid and technical. It is not possible for the courts of law to decide the
cases without formality and technicality.
• On the other hand, administrative tribunals are not bound by the rules of evidence and procedure
and they can take a practical view of the matter to decide the complex problems.
• Administrative authorities can take preventive measures and they can also take effective steps for
enforcement of the aforesaid preventive measures.

9052192929 9121442929 9052492929
• CAT is not bound by the procedure laid down in the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, but is
guided by the principles of natural justice.
• Write more such statements.
Conclusion: Summarize the arguments made in the answer and write way forward. Example: Thus,
the enactment of Administrative Tribunals Act in 1985 opened a new chapter in the sphere of
administering justice to the aggrieved government servants. And by the above statements we can also
say that CAT is exercising its power as an independent judicial authority.
3. What are the methods used by farmers organisations to influence the policy makers in India
and how effective are these methods?
Approach:
Underlying theme: About farmer’s organisations.
Keyword: ‘What’: asking for information specifying something.
Introduction: Give a brief introduction on. Example: Small family farms make up 85 per cent of all
farms worldwide, and the people who live on them constitute the majority of the rural poor.
Body: Give supporting arguments for the statement given in the question. Example:Farmer’s
organisation: To mitigate the challenges that come with working in isolation − and to increase
profitability and productivity − these smallholders form organizations which are called as farmers
organisations.
• Types of organizations: Farmer organizations can be grouped into two types: one is the
community-based and resource-orientated organization; the other is the commodity-based and
market-orientated organization.
• Community-Based, Resource-Orientated Farmer Organizations: This type could be a village-
level cooperative or association dealing with inputs needed by the members, the resource owners,
to enhance the productivity of their businesses based on land, water, or animals.
• Commodity-Based, Market-Orientated Farmer Organizations: TheseOrganizations specialize in a
single commodity and opt for value-added products which have expanded markets.
• Write more such statements and write about the methods used by Farmers organisations to
influence the policy makers in India. Example: As cracks appear in the alliance of farmers’
groups leading the nationwide strike, various farmer leaders and groups are trying to ensure that
they remain together even on non-agrarian issues and become a potent force that can influence
policy decisions.
• Shetti’s organisation is part of All India Kisan Sangharsh Coordination Committee (AIKSCC), a
coalition of 193 farmer organisations from across the country.
• It has been lobbying for enactment of two private Bills — Farmers’ Freedom from Debt Bill and
Guaranteed Fair and Remunerative Prices Bill — to ensure comprehensive debt relief and
remunerative prices for farm produces.
• The Bills, submitted by Shetti and KK Ragesh in the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha,
respectively.

9052192929 9121442929 9052492929
• In Maharashtra, the All India Kisan Sangh, which is striking for the rights of dairy farmers, has
decided to up the ante.
• Such Farmers organisations methods played an efficient role in influencing the government
policies.
Conclusion: Summarize the arguments made in the answer and write way forward. Example:
Government and other service providers greatly benefit from working with farmers in FOs as it is
more cost effective to deal with a group of farmers than dealing with individual farmers. Thus, the
unity among farmers has at least forced the government to talk about agrarian issues. The aim is to
ensure that 15-20 farmer leaders get elected so that farmer’s voice is not suppressed in Parliament and
this will make a difference.
4. From the resolution of contentious issues regarding distribution of legislative powers by the
courts,’ Principle of Federal Supremacy’ and ‘Harmonious Construction’ have merged.
Explain.
Approach
Underlying theme : Separation of powers between various organs, Federalism, Judiciary
Keyword : Explain means to Bring out things clearly as if the examiner does not know what it is
Introduction : Give a brief introduction about the principle of division of powers between state and
central govt. Union and state spheres of power for legislation and implementation has clearly
demarcated by schedule 7(seven). But many times litigation occurs, and the court needs to find an
amicable solution even though ambiguity persists. The substance of the legislation takes into account
– objective, authority
Body: Explain the Principle of Federal Supremacy and Harmonious construction with relevant
judgements.
Harmonious construction: The Supreme Court laid down five principles of rule of Harmonious
Construction in the landmark case of CIT v Hindustan Bulk Carriers:
I. The courts must avoid a head on clash of seemingly contradicting provisions and they must
construe the contradictory provisions so as to harmonize them.
II. The provision of one section cannot be used to defeat the provision contained in another
unless the court, despite all its effort, is unable to find a way to reconcile their differences.
When it is impossible to completely reconcile the differences in contradictory provisions, the
courts must interpret them in such as way so that effect is given to both the provisions as
much as possible.
III. Courts must also keep in mind that interpretation that reduces one provision to a useless
number or dead is not harmonious construction.
IV. To harmonize is not to destroy any statutory provision or to render it fruitless.Cases on
Harmonious Construction:-
1. Venkataramana Devaru V. State of Mysore
2. Calcutta Gas Company Pvt. Limited v State of West Bengal

9052192929 9121442929 9052492929
Beneficial Construction in Socio – Economic legislations
Beneficial Construction – A tendency rather than a rule
Federal Supremacy: U.S. Constitution which dictates that federal law is the "supreme law of the
land." But no such provision in Indian constitution. Courts accords primacy to national interest and
objectivity.
1.S.R. Bommai v Union of India, “pragmatic federalism”
Conclusion: Court derives doctrines to maximize the justice. While evaluating cases based on the
above said doctrines, court make use of the ‘Doctrine of pith and substance’.
5. What can France learn from India's constitutional approach to secularism?
Introduction: French constitution has been one of the most dynamic constitutions in the world since
the French revolution. However recently, the French left is at war over secularism. But the real
problem is a failure to take sides with the victims of racism and defend Muslims against attempts to
stigmatize them. The ideas enshrined in the preamble of both the nation viz liberty, equality, fraternity
are same, infact India adopted these ideas from French constitution.
Body: Secularism in India vs Secularism in France
• The term Secularism has different connotations in India and France. The concept of Secularism
has evolved differently in both the countries.
• France was a largely homogeneous Catholic country, where the clergy had an unduly high degree
of influence over the state’s apparatus. This bred resentment in the people which manifested
itself in anti-Clericalism during French Revolution. Thus, Secularism in France came to denote a
strict division between Religion and State. This was given statutory backing by a law passed in
1905.
• On the other hand, India was a very diverse nation with a lot of different religions. Even the
majority religion, Hinduism, was divided into a number of sub-sects. Thus, no single religion had
a perverse influence on the state. Thus the Indian concept of Secularism evolved to denote equal
respect to all religions.
Issues in France in this regard
• Multiculturalism as implemented in Western democracies like France is stressed.
• This can be seen in the banning of Islamic clothing, kosher or halal meals and “burkinis” in
France
• the backlash against migrants
• Rising Islamophobia
• Europe has not yet found a middle way between secularism and state religion that combines
national and religious identity, and where ethnic and religious minority groups can co-exist
within a state’s institutions.
But India’s experiences can perhaps shine a light
• Secularism - there is a clear distinction between church & state. It is neither pro religion nor anti
- religion whereas in India the state is equidistant from religious matters . In a culturally diverse

9052192929 9121442929 9052492929
country it is necessary for a government to cater to society's needs by giving equal respect to
every religion.
• Accommodating differences: in accommodating religious diversity should we encourage more
religion in public life, for both majorities and minorities
• To create a comfortable and non-alienating public culture, the Indian constitution gave each
individual the right to observe their religious practices, and gave minorities the right to set up
their own religious and educational institutions.
• Minority educational institutions could receive funds from the state, if they so desired. Although
no firm obligation was placed on the state, this allowed subsequent governments to support
minority schools.
• Fundamental rights to religious minorities - mention article 29, 30,
• Fundamental rights to religion - Article 25-28
• India’s founding framework went far beyond the idea of liberal secularism; it made a deliberate
effort to give minorities the space to continue with their distinct religious and cultural practices
and to pass them on. Culture and religion-related anxieties can be exploited to nurture
resentment, and this had to be avoided.
• This difference of the concept has led to difference in its practice as well. In India – state
provides Hajj subsidy to Muslims, administrative support for Amarnath Yatra to the pilgrimages,
and allows Sikhs to carry Kripans along with them.
• Whereas in France, people are not supposed to wear any religious signs in the public institutions
like Schools, instances of banning Muslim girls from wearing headscarves in schools.
• Also, in India the various religious laws are given importance and identification like Sharia-
based personal law of Muslims whereas in France only uniform civil law prevails.
• Indian constitution allows the right to preach and spread his/her religion and individuals can
convert to another religion. Where as in France, any act which shows signs of preaching one‘s
religion, the act is banned in the society.
Conclusion :
• There is greater cultural diversity in France today than in the past, which is why the country
needs secularism now more than ever, for it enables all citizens, whatever their philosophical or
religious beliefs, to live together, enjoying freedom of conscience, freedom to practise a religion
or to choose not to, equal rights and obligations, and republican fraternity.
• The lesson is the importance of creating a diverse public sphere that is inclusive and welcoming
to all. And, most of all, one where cultural choices – in dress codes, food habits and modes of
address in social interaction – are not shaped entirely by the culture of the majority. This is the
opposite to what we see in modern-day France, for instance.
• In that regard, France has much to gain by adopting some of India’s constitutional ways towards
secularism.

9052192929 9121442929 9052492929
6. Despite consistent experience of high growth, India still goes with the lowest indicators of
human development. Examine the issue that make balanced & inclusive development
elusive.
India ranks 130 in HDI . The Human Development Index HDI is defined as the composite statistics
used to rank countries by level of human development. The HDI is a measure of health, education and
income.
1. Gender Disparity - despite all efforts taken by the government, gender disparity is prevalent in
all sectors of health, education and economy as well. This is because the low and secondary status
attributed to women in our society as compared to the treatment of women in the west.
2. Rising inequalities - in sharing of fruits of development across regions, rural-urban settings, caste
and class. For instance it is evident that mineral rich belt is lacking in overall development
3. Huge population is a burden on India - Though economic reforms, distributive policies of Govt
have resulted in increase in per capita income, though the increase in insignificant due to huge
population. Unemployment, lack of infrastructure, skills, rising NPAs catch the growth, thus
reduction in per capita income.
Health aspects:
• Huge losses of output inherent in the incapacity of the aged increasingly vulnerable to non-
communicable diseases (e.g. diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer).
• Only 54.9 % of infants aged between 0-5 months are exclusively breastfed which is very
essential for a child’s optimal growth, development and health at least till 6 months of age.
• Female mortality rate in India is 139 and 212 for male per thousand respectively.
• India being a tropical country is always under a constant threat of climate related epidemics such
as dengue, malaria etc. Incidence of malaria is 18.8 people per thousand at 2016 levels.
• India remains to be the highest TB burden country according to WHO, with as many as 211
people per lakh suffering from either newly contacted or relapsed TB.
• India spends 3.9% of its GDP on health expenditure
• Relative to those who were not afflicted with NCDs, those who did display higher probabilities
of being not employed and just employed, had much lower probabilities of part-time and full-
time employment.
Education:
• The ASER report by Pratham shows poor arithmetic and reading skills among primary school
children.
• Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in pre-primary was 13% of pre-primary school age children
showing acute under admission and lack of importance given to early years of schooling in India
during 2012-17.
• Primary school dropout rate in India during 2007-2016 was 9.8%.
• Survival rate to the last grade of lower secondary general education during 2016-16 was 97%.
• Total government expenditure on education is a paltry 3.8% of total GDP.

9052192929 9121442929 9052492929
Social constraints:
• Brahmins and other “forward” castes showed notably lower probabilities of being not employed,
or just employed, but higher probabilities of being employed part-time and full-time, compared
to Other Backward Classes (OBCs).
• Dalits and tribals displayed patterns similar to OBCs’.
• India has a huge gender disparity leading to poor women labour force participation.
• Ageing population:
○ Indian population is estimated at 1339.2 million in 2017 and is estimated to reach 1513
million by 2030.
○ The aged (60 years and above), with their growing vulnerability to NCDs and disabilities
(such as the inability to walk and dress, apart from speech and vision impairment), and caste
and education barriers impeding their employment.
○ Old age acts as a barrier to part-time and full-time employment.
○ This can impede the growth and even fail the benefits of demographic dividend.
• Unemployment:
○ Unemployment touched a 45-year high of 6.1% in 2017-18 according to the recently released
first periodic labour force survey (PLFS) report.
○ This has resulted in slowing of gross domestic product growth.
○ Deepening crisis in agriculture, the paralysis of the informal sector, sputtering manufacturing
growth and slowing exports are all causes for high unemployment rate in India.
• Lack of investments in agriculture:
○ There is neither renewed emphasis on investment-driven growth, nor higher outlays on
agriculture, are likely to substantially boost employment
Way forward -
• Reorganization of the health system with much greater emphasis on primary medical centres or
PMCs
• Any improvement in the life of the majority would require a re-alignment of the growth process
so that it is less damaging.
• This would very likely require that we have slower growth but the process can be configured to
channel more of it towards poorer groups.
• India could and should aspire to double-digit growth. Without sustained growth at all levels it
has little hope of employing the roughly one million young people who join its workforce every
month.
• And unless it takes advantage of its current, favourable demographics it is never likely to emerge
as an upper-middle-income economy with a prosperous and thriving middle class.
The success of national development programs like Skill India, Digital India, Ayushman Bharat,
Make in India and BetiBachaoBetiPadhao aimed at bridging gaps in human development, will be
crucial in ensuring the success of Agenda 2030. Human development is crucial in order to be

9052192929 9121442929 9052492929
benefitted from demographic dividend hence work on improving it must be done on a war footing
level.
7. There is a growing divergence in the relationship between poverty and hunger in India. The
shrinking of social expenditure by the government is forcing the poor to spend more on non-
food essential items squeezing their food budget- Elucidate.
Approach : Underlying theme: Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the
Centre and States and the performance of these schemes.
Keyword: Elucidate: Therefore explain in detail about the issue by giving examples.
Introduction: Start the answer how poverty and hunger relationship getting diverged.
○ Poverty and hunger are usually interrelated one but not in the case of India where poverty as
per official estimates around 22%( as per 2011-12 estimates) and is constantly decreasing
where as India ranked 103 out of 119 countries in Global Hunger Index-2018.
Body : India’s performance in combating hunger and malnutrition:
• Positives:
○ The percentage of undernourished people in the population has dropped from 18.2% in 2000
to 14.8% in 2018.
○ Child mortality rate has halved from 9.2% to 4.3%,
○ Child stunting has dropped from 54.2% to 38.4% over the same period.
• Negatives
○ The prevalence of child wasting has actually worsened in comparison to previous reference
years. It stood at 17.1% in 2000, and increased to 20% in 2005
○ At least one in five Indian children under the age of five are wasted, which means they have
extremely low weight for their height, reflecting acute under-nutrition.
○ (Talk about how less government expenditure is forcing the poor to spend more on non- food
essential items)
• Reasons
○ Less spending on education: National education policy-2019 stressed up on increase in public
spending from current level to 6% of GDP
○ Less public spending on health: Around 70% of healthcare expenses in India are met by out
of pocket expenditure by the individual
○ Less spending on elderly age people in terms of pensions, healthcare etc.
○ Spending on farmers welfare is low: for example subsidies, price deficiency payments etc.
• Measures that can be taken to improve the situation are the following:
○ First should be the realisation that nutrition security is the bigger whole of which food
security is a part. Along with this should be the realisation at the family level that food
security is about stark hunger while nutrition security is about hidden hunger, and what this
could imply in terms of child survival, gender dignity, health and education.

9052192929 9121442929 9052492929
○ Second should be the realisation that however good is the macro-policy, poor implementation
can nullify it. We need laws that truly guarantee the marginalized people’s rights in full
without rights-violating riders. An important strategy for providing, defending and expanding
the rights of the poor in any law that claims to guarantee a particular right is to fine-tune it to
the other related laws.
○ The WHO says: “First three years are forever”. The cognitively all-important 0-3 cohort (the
first 1,000 days of life) hardly figures in the Anganwadi centre. For that to happen, the crying
need is the conversion of the Anganwadi centres into full-time crèches. The key to the
success of the ICDS programme is to enhance the attention of the system to the 0-3 cohort in
terms of early childhood care and stimulation needs.
○ Reform PDS by following Shanta Kumar Committee recommendations. This should also
lead to the emergence of an autonomous public distribution system (PDS) based on
community-led procurement and storage. Such a system would not depend on grains moving
across the country with all the accompanying evils of leakage and corruption, but would
support nutritional needs of all sections of our people across the country, whether in the PDS
or Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) or Mid Day Meal (MDM) or rural
employment programmes.
○ Strengthen Integrated Child Development Services
○ Provide healthy food during Mid day meal programmes
○ Promote MGNREGA
○ Involve local governments in the process and give a greater role to them.
○ Involve SHGs in operating Fair Price Shops wherever they have the capacity to do so
○ Malnutrition: Food fortification can be done.
○ Implement ‘One Nation, One Ration Card’ across the country
• (Mention the challenges of PDS which is the government’s major scheme to fight hunger) The
challenges in PDS are the following:
○ Leakages in PDS: leakage of food grains during transportation to the ration shop and from
the ration shop itself into the open market.
○ Storage Issues: a performance audit by the Comptroller and Auditor General has revealed a
serious shortfall in the government’s storage capacity. Given the increasing procurement and
incidents of rotting food grains, the lack of adequate covered storage is bound to be a cause
for concern.
○ Quality of food grains: A survey conducted in 2011 had noted that people complained about
receiving poor quality food grain (containing alien substances such as pebbles) impacting
their health.
○ Identification Issues: Expert Studies have shown that PDS suffers from nearly 61% error of
exclusion and 25% inclusion of beneficiaries, i.e. the misclassification of the poor as non-
poor and vice versa.
○ Procurement Issues: Ability of FCI to procure large volumes of food grains is limited.

9052192929 9121442929 9052492929
○ Financial Impact: The centre bears a large financial burden, the food subsidy, because the
cost of procuring and delivering food grains is about six times its sale price.
• Mention measures to address the challenges
• Cash Transfer: This could reduce large scale movement of food grains thereby reducing
transportation costs and leakages.
• Aadhar related issues need to be addressed: Authentication failure, lack of connectivity,
biometric issues shouldn’t lead to exclusion.
• Quantity fraud issues need to be tackled: While identity fraud can be tackled using Aadhar,
quantity fraud (giving a fraction of their entitlement) need to be addressed.
• States can tailor it according to their strengths and weaknesses: Several states have implemented
reforms to address gaps in implementation. It is important to note that while the centre plays a
big role in implementing TPDS, states have flexibility to tailor TPDS according to their own
priorities.
○ Some examples are: Tamil Nadu implements a universal PDS, such that every household is
entitled to subsidised food grains.
○ States such as Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh have implemented IT measures to
streamline TPDS, through the digitisation of ration cards, the use of GPS tracking of
delivery, and the use of SMS based monitoring by citizens.
• Conclusion
○ As said in SDGs to reach zero % hunger by 2030 India needs to spend more on social welfare
like education, health etc.
8. Implementation of information &communication based projects & programs usually suffers
in terms of certain vital factors. Identify these factors and suggest measures for their
effective implementation.
As India pushes hard towards a digital society, the government schemes aims to cover a wide range of
applications. All programmes are now co-ordinated under the umbrella scheme – The Digital India. It
aims to transform the entire ecosystem of public services through the use of information technology.
It has the vision to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy.
• Benefits of using ICT in projects &programs :
• Health care sector - timely service, reduced medical errors
• Better administration - PM through video conferencing has inaugurated & taken many such steps
• Promotion of literacy - helps people in improving their digital skill sets & technological gap
• Efficiency & transparency
• Eliminates middlemen
Major issues
• Cyber security - possible risk of hacking some database could leak private information leading to
violation of privacy
• Literacy - illiteracy rate in India has grown to be 74% acc to 2011 census which hinders the
technology friendly schemes. This makes people more prone towards cyber threats &

9052192929 9121442929 9052492929
complexities. Despite government’s schemes like internet sathietc, people in rural areas do not
feel technologically comfortable.
• Lack of internet connectivity - this can make activities
• Infrastructure - huge demand -supply gap between connectivity infrastructure & technology in
low developed areas, rural areas.
• Electronics manufacture - low as compared to China, US, Japan. Economy still relies on
imported goods.
Way forward:
• Stable source and supply of electricity and internet services in every rural area, so as to facilitate
IT innovations applied.
• Incorporating block chain technology to curb governances glitches.
• Government to bring the much awaited data protection bill which will not only ensure security
but also privacy of citizens.
Conclusion -
• in the era of digitization it is of prime importance to curb the loopholes that hinders ITC based
growth. ITC provides an opportunity for industry to reach out to global markets, and consumers
to gain with the economies of scale. It can help in better service delivery, faster access to services
and deeper penetration of digital services.
9. ‘The time has come for India and Japan to build a strong contemporary relationship, one
involving the global and strategic partnership that will have a great significance for Asia
and the world as a whole’. Comment.
• Introduction
○ India- Japan relationship is a cornerstone of Act East policy and the 21st century can decoded
as Asia’s century and India- Japan ties will play a key role in shaping it.
• Body
○ Significance of India-Japan relationship for Asia
■ North east India integration: Japan promised India to invest in North east in various
development projects. North East plays a key role in Act East Policy, a policy devised
by India to integrate India with South East Asia nations.
■ Both countries support each other at UNSC, climate, disaster risk management, SDG’s
etc.
■ Japan and India each other supports each other in the issue of UN security council
reforms and their desire to become permanent members in the UNSC.
■ Official Development Assistance (ODA)- Japan is the leading donor to India.
■ Sharing similar interests in Indo-Pacific. Hence both countries called for a free, open,
transparent, rule based and inclusive Indo pacific region.
○ Significance of India-Japan relationship for World
■ Asia-Africa Growth Corridor (AAGR)

9052192929 9121442929 9052492929
■ Joint projects in some third countries like Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka and in
Africa as well will be taken jointly.
■ Quadrilateral Security Dialogue- strategic dialogue between India, United States, Japan
and Australia.
• Conclusion
○ A strong Indo- Japan will arrest the inconsistency being witnessed in the Asian region thus
contributing to peace and prosperity in the region and the world.
10. ‘Too little cash, too much politics, leaves UNESCO fighting for life’. Discuss the statement in
the light of US’ withdrawal and its accusation of the cultural body as being ‘anti-Israel
bias’.
• Intro
○ UNESCO is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris, France. Its
declared purpose is to contribute to promoting international collaboration in education,
sciences, and culture in order to increase universal respect for justice, the rule of law, and
human rights along with fundamental freedom proclaimed in the United Nations Charter.
○ UNESCO's aim is "to contribute to the building of peace, the eradication of poverty,
sustainable development and intercultural dialogue through education, the sciences, culture,
communication and information"
• Body
○ Withdrawal of USA and Israel
■ The United States and Israel officially quit the U.N.’s educational, scientific and cultural
agency in January 2019, the culmination of a process triggered more than a year ago
amid concerns that the organization fosters anti-Israel bias.
■ The withdrawal is mainly procedural yet serves a new blow to UNESCO, co-founded by
the U.S. after World War II to foster peace.
■ The Trump administration filed its notice to withdraw in October 2017 and Israeli Prime
Minister Benjamin Netanyahu followed suit.
○ Issues of UNESCO
■ Financial issues:
● Funding crunch ever since 2011 when both Israel and the U.S. stopped paying
dues after Palestine was voted in as a member state.
● Since then officials estimate that the U.S. — which accounted for around 22
percent of the total budget — has accrued $600 million in unpaid dues, which was
one of the reasons for President Donald Trump’s decision to withdraw.
● Israel owes an estimated $10 million.
■ Too much politics:
● UNESCO has been used by middle-eastern Arab countries and Israel to complain
against each othersactions rather than focussing on its core non-political goals.

9052192929 9121442929 9052492929
● Focussing on issues Israel-Palestine issue is political and is not the goal of
UNESCO.
○ Is UNESCO ‘anti-Israel’?
■ The Paris-based organization has been denounced by its critics as a crucible for anti-
Israel bias:
● blasted for criticizing Israel’s occupation of East Jerusalem,
● naming ancient Jewish sites as Palestinian heritage sites and
○ In recent years, Israel has been infuriated by repeated resolutions that ignore and diminish its
historical connection to the Holy Land and that have named ancient Jewish sites as
Palestinian heritage sites.
● granting full membership to Palestine in 2011.
○ The United States and Israel were among the 14 nations out of the 194 UNESCO members
that voted against admitting Palestinian into the body.
● Earlier in June 2011, UNESCO's World Heritage Committee, at Jordan's
insistence, censured Israel's decision to demolish and rebuild the Mughrabi Gate
Bridge in Jerusalem for safety reasons. Israel stated that Jordan had signed an
agreement with Israel stipulating that the existing bridge must be dismantled for
safety reasons; Jordan disputed the agreement, saying that it was only signed
under U.S. pressure. Israel was also unable to address the UNESCO committee
over objections from Egypt.
■ Is the move wrong and is UNESCO not anti-Israel
● it is regrettable for the United States and Israel to withdraw from the United
Nations agency promoting education for peace and protecting culture under
attack.
● Sooner or later they may see Palestine in every UN agency. Will the US and Israel
respond to that by withdrawing from the WHO or the World Intellectual Property
Organization? They will be hurting only themselves.
• Conclusion
○ UNESCO is about promoting our ideals and values through culture, education and science.
○ It should focus on that.
○ US instead of leaving UNESCO, US could play a role as a mediator between the Palestinians
and the Israelis. And could have worked from within demanding “reform” in the agency if
required.
○ As the world superpower, withdrawal is not in keeping with such a stature.
11. On what grounds a people’s representative can be disqualified under the Representation of
Peoples Act, 1951? Also mention the remedies available to such person against his
disqualification.
• Introduction

9052192929 9121442929 9052492929
○ The Representation of the People Act, 1951(RPA) is an act of parliament of India, which
provides for conducting elections, qualifications and disqualifications for membership of
legislature etc.
• Body
○ Grounds for disqualifications under RPA, 1951
○ The Parliament has laid down the following disqualifications in the Representation of People
Act (1951):
1. He must not have been found guilty of certain election offences or corrupt practices in the
elections.
2. He must not have been convicted for any offence resulting in imprisonment for two or
more years. But, the detention of a person under a preventive detention law is not a
disqualification.
3. He must not have failed to lodge an account of his election expenses within the time.
4. He must not have any interest in government contracts, works or services.
5. He must not be a director or managing agent nor hold an office of profit in a corporation
in which the government has at least 25 per cent share.
6. He must not have been dismissed from government service for corruption or disloyalty to
the State.
7. He must not have been convicted for promoting enmity between different groups or for
the offence of bribery.
8. He must not have been punished for preaching and practising social crimes such as
untouchability, dowry and sati.
○ Remedies available
○ By way of appeal: In case of Indira Gandhi, initially high court disqualified but through
appeal Supreme court withheld the judgement of the High court.
○ Exemption of certain office of profit: Certain office of profit can be exempted from
disqualification.
○ According to Section8(4) when an elected member is disqualified under this section there
was a provision to withhold his/her if she/he files for appeal. However in Lilly Thomas case
Supreme court struck down this provision.
○ On the question whether a member is subject to any of the above disqualifications, the
president’s decision is final. However, he should obtain
○ the opinion of the election commission and act accordingly.
• Conclusion
○ These disqualification measures and the remedies available act as checks and balances in the
system to aid in ensuring free and fair election takes place.

9052192929 9121442929 9052492929
12. “Parliament’s power to amend the Constitution is a limited power and it cannot be enlarged
into absolute power.” In light of this statement explain whether Parliament under Article
368 of the Constitution can destroy the Basic Structure of the Constitution by expanding its
amending power?
• What is Basic Structure of Constitution?
○ The basic structure doctrine is an Indian judicial principle that the Constitution of India has
certain basic features that cannot be altered or destroyed through amendments by the
parliament.
• Why is Parliament’s power to amend the Constitution a limited power?
○ Thus it gives extra power to court to review and strike down any constitutional amendments
and act enacted by the Parliament.
• Logic behind allowing for Constitutional Amendment
○ Ambedkar, chairman of the Constitution drafting committee, clearly indicates that he expects
the Constitution to be amended by future generations, saying, “ What I do say is that the
principles embodied in the Constitution are the views of the present generation, or if you
think this to be an overstatement, the views of the members of the Constituent Assembly”
○ He also says “The Assembly has not only refrained from putting a seal of finality and
infallibility upon this Constitution as in Canada or by making the amendment of the
Constitution subject to the fulfilment of extraordinary terms and conditions as in America or
Australia, but has provided a most facile procedure for amending the Constitution.
• Why it should not be an absolute power?
○ The Supreme Court ruled in Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala that Parliament’s power
to amend the Constitution was not unlimited, that the Constitution’s basic structure was
infrangible.
○ This was upheld in other cases like Minerva Mills case 1980.
○ Amendment of the constitution shouldn’t change the basic philosophy of the constitution and
this can be safeguarded through Judicial Review.
○ Even if a legislature were bestowed with the widest of powers to amend the Constitution, its
authority is always subject to a set of inherent constraints. Parliament is, after all, a creature
of the Constitution. It could not, therefore, make changes that had the effect of overthrowing
or obliterating the Constitution itself.
• Worst case scenario with absolute power to parliament to amend the constitution without any
limitations could even be
○ if the legislature were to amend Article 1, for example, by dividing India into two.
○ Could a constitutional amendment abolish Article 21 thereby removing the guarantee of a
right to life?
○ Or could Parliament use its power to abolish the Constitution and reintroduce… the rule of a
Moghul emperor or of the Crown of England?

9052192929 9121442929 9052492929
○ The answer to such possible misuse by the parliament is to limit the powers of the parliament
to amend the constitution.
13. The reservation of seats for women in the institutions of local self-government has had an
impact on the patriarchal character of the Indian political process. Comment.
• Intro
○ Local self-government in India was brought in to build democracy at the grass root level.
○ It was constitutionalized through the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992.
○ Local Self Government is the management of local affairs by such local bodies who have
been elected by the local people.
• Body
○ How it empowers women and fights against the patriarchal character of the Indian political
process
■ One-third of the total number of seats to be reserved for women.
■ One third of the seats reserved for SCs and STs also reserved for women.
■ One-third offices of chairpersons at all levels reserved for women (Article 243D).
■ At 1.4 million, India has the most women in elected positions. Seats and
sarpanch/pradhan positions were also reserved for SC/ST candidates.
■ Creates women leaders for participation in national politics.
■ Increases participation of women not in elected positions as well Eg; in gram saba.
■ Women’s role in rural development through their role in local self govt has increased
■ Women as Change agents: raising voice against injustice and atrocities in society
■ Reduction in violence against women since women leaders take up such issues
aggressively.
■ Decision Making: taking a call on how to use local resources
■ Research using PRIs has shown that having female political representation in local
governments makes women more likely to come forward and report crimes.
■ Women’s representation transforming our democratic setup from representative
democracy to participatory democracy.
○ Issues (just touch upon)
■ Though women have got representation in PRIs through reservation mandated by 73rd
amendment but there is a presence of Panch-Pati and Proxy representation in case of
women
■ Lack of adequate political awareness amongst the women especially in rural areas
■ Illiteracy and lack of education amongst many women in rural areas
■ Political violence against women
○ Conclusion
■ This is a great step forward - to empower them fully, educate and train them. Create more
political awareness. Give them recognition to honour them for exemplary works so they
may inspire more such women.

9052192929 9121442929 9052492929
14. The Attorney-General is the chief-legal adviser and lawyer of the Government of India”.
Discuss.
• Intro
■ The Constitution (Article 76) has provided for the office of the Attorney General for
India. He is the highest law officer in the country.
• Body
■ Mention some info about the Office of AG
■ Appointment and Term
● The AG is appointed by the President.
● Term is not fixed by the Constitution.
● Constitutions doesn’t mention procedure or grounds for his removal.
● He holds office during the pleasure of the President.
■ Role as Chief-legal adviser and lawyer of the GoI
● As a Chief Legal adviser of the government Attorney General of India has to give
the advice to the government of India upon such legal matters which assigned to him
by the President.
● As lawyer from the government side Attorney general is required to appear on
behalf of the government of India in Supreme Court in which the government of
India is concerned.
● He may also be required to appear in any High Court on behalf of the government of
India which the Government of India is concerned.
● In the performance of his duties, the Attorney general of India has right to audience
in any Court in the territory of India.
● The Attorney General of India has right to speak and take a part in the proceeding of
any house of Parliament, without the right to give vote (Article 88). The Attorney
General of India is entitled to get all the immunities and privileges as a Member of
Parliament.
• Conclusion
■ Such roles and duties are fulfilled by the AG, and hence he is the chief legal advisor and
lawyer for GoI.
15. Individual parliamentarian’s role as the national law maker is on decline, which in turn, has
adversely impacted the quality of debates and their outcomes. Discuss.
• Introduction
The Parliament is the legislative organ of the Union government. The role of parliamentarians in
enacting laws, budget and holding executive accountable for their actions, etc.
• BODY :
Individual Parliamentarian role on decline:
• Anti defection Law which abridges the right of free speech of the legislators

9052192929 9121442929 9052492929
• Whip creates a ‘forced consensus’ and undermines Participatory Governance.
• Discipline and decorum leading to frequent disruption of the sitting
• Decline in parliamentary sitting – ( reduced from 120 days/year to 65-70 days/year)
• Parliamentary privileges
• Political tussle
• It forces unnecessary authoritarian ship on party members
• It puts party interest over public interest
• Forces all members to the party lines no matter their personal opinion or the constituency opinion
• Anti-defection law’s discrimination between an independent member and a nominated member is
illogical.
• Thus, in the name of party discipline the law enforces party’s or party leadership’s tyranny
Implications of poor functioning of Parliament
• The law goes against Free speech guaranteed under Article 19 of the Constitution.
• Silencing of counter opinions.
• Discourages debates and discussions - which are a hallmark of a liberal democracy.
• Curbs the legislator’s right to dissent and his/her freedom of conscience.
• Passage of bills and budgets without due diligence and debate (For example, the time spent on
discussing the Budget has reduced from an average of 123 hours in the 1950s to 39 hours in the
last decade)
• Lack of accountability of the government (In the 16th Lok Sabha, question hour has functioned
in Lok Sabha for 77% of the scheduled time, while in Rajya Sabha it has functioned for 47%.
Time lost indicates a lost opportunity to hold the government accountable for its actions)
• Low productivity
• High cost to public exchequer in the form of wasting of taxpayer money.
• Delay in policy making leading to rise of unconstitutional bodies to fill the legislative gap
• Declining faith in democratic process
• Increase in Judicial intervention
Suggestion/Way forward
• Parliament (Enhancement of Productivity) Bill, 2017 should be taken up which seeks to fix the
minimum number of days (100 days for Rajya Sabha)
• Performance related pay
• Stricter Rules of Procedure and conduct of business to deal with the unruly behavior –
• Reviewing the Anti-Defection Law as it gives sweeping powers to the political parties
Conclusion : Parliament's functioning is based on 3Ds -- Debate, Dissension and Decision. Therefore
it is important that every issue should be debated and members may express their disagreements but
finally a decision has to be taken by the House. The role of the individual parliamentarian is important
here as he represents his own and his constituency’s views and ideas, and they need to be heard.

9052192929 9121442929 9052492929
16. ‘In the context of neo-liberal paradigm of development planning, multi-level planning is
expected to make operations cost-effective and remove many implementation blockages’.
Discuss.
Approach:
1. Underlying theme: About the neo-liberal paradigm of development planning.
2. Keyword: ‘Discuss’: talk or write about (a topic) in detail, taking into account different issues or
ideas.
3. Introduction: Give a brief introduction on developmental planning. Example: The orientation of
development planning is as per the dominant ‘value’ in macro policy. It is neo- liberalism at
present in India, as is all over the world.
4. Body: Give supporting arguments for the statement given in the question. Example:
Accordingly, roll back of the state, control of fiscal expenditure and tie-ups with the voluntary
and the private corporate sector inform development planning in India today.
• As articulated in the Tenth Plan, in the neo- liberal dispensation, the state would largely “roll
back” in areas where it is performing inefficiently and the civil society is relatively well
institutionalised. This would be part of the wider goal of “good governance”.
• Write more such statements and write about the importance of multilevel planning. Example:
Multi-level planning: The alternate to the top down approach being considered presently, is
multi-level planning, which involves involving decision makers at all spatial levels in the
planning process through negotiations, deliberations, and consultations by way of
communication through information flows and mutual partaking of perspectives which makes
polices relevant and need based, and, set up process mechanisms/institutions for affecting such
cooperation at each required stage.
• Multi level planning is also expected to make operations cost effective by providing better
linkages between relevant sectors and ready access to required information, which would remove
many implementation blockages, for example, by way of delayed decisions.
• Multi- level planning is expected to improve the position with regard to constraints in policy
formulation and increase the efficiency of resource use in economic sectors.
• Multi level planning is expected to reduce regional disparities and bring more equity in
development.
• Write more such points.
Conclusion: Summarize the arguments made in the answer and write way forward. Example: Thus
multi-level planning would lead to better interest articulation with regard to local development needs
and better inter sector linkages and coordination in planning and implementation respectively at the
local level.
17. The need for cooperation among various service sectors has been an inherent component of
development discourse. Partnership bridges the gap among the sectors. It also sets in motion
a culture of ‘collaboration’ and ‘teamspirit’. In the light of statements above examine
India’s development process.

9052192929 9121442929 9052492929
Approach:
1. Underlying theme: Cooperation among service sectors
2. Keyword: ‘Examine’: Look in close detail and establish the key facts and important issues
surrounding a topic.
3. Introduction: Give a brief introduction on. Example: Services sector is the largest sector of India.
Gross Value Added (GVA) at current prices for Services sector is estimated at 92.26 lakh crore
INR in 2018-19. Services sector accounts for 54.40% of total India's GVA of 169.61 lakh crore
Indian rupees.
4. Body: Give supporting arguments for the statement given in the question. Example: Foreign
direct investment (FDI) in services sector grew 36.5 per cent to $9.15 billion in 2018-19,
according to the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT).
• Components of Service Sector: Economic Service and Social Service. Economic Services
includes the following items, such as: Transport, Storage and Communication, Trade, Hotels
and Tourisms, Banking and Insurance Services.
• Social Service includes following items, such as: Education, Health, and Administration.
• Write more such points and address the statements given in the question. Example:
Service sectors should function well together by cooperating with each other so that these may
become more productive and can provide greater value to the Nation. Partnership bridges the gap
among the sectors.
• Recently Commerce and Industry Minister Suresh Prabhu told thathuge scope exists between
businesses of India and European country Monaco to boost cooperation in services sector and
high-end technologies.
• "India has identified 12 champion services sectors and tremendous scope is there for
increasing cooperation for both the countries.
• These sectors include IT & ITeS, tourism, medical value, etc. He said that if there is such
cooperation between the service sectors services sector are expected to contribute USD USD
3 trillion in the country's economy once the GDP reach USD 5 trillion in the coming years.
• India’s National Accounts Statistics indicate that the set of “new” and high productive
services together accounted for only 28.5% of total gross value added (GVA) in 2016-17.
• These services include transport, storage and communication, financial services, and real
estate and professional services.
• On the other hand, traditional services like trade, repair services and hotels and restaurants,
dominated by the retail trade, account for 11.1% of GVA and ‘other services’ for another
6.9%.
• This composition suggests that, while ‘new’ modern services do play an important role in the
Indian economy, so do the traditional unorganized service which proves that cooperation
between the service sectors is very crucial.

9052192929 9121442929 9052492929
Conclusion: Summarize the arguments made in the answer and write way forward. Example: Thus if
all service sectors are working well together, Indian service sector growth will be more efficient and
profitable.
18. Performance of the welfare schemes that are implemented for vulnerable sections is not so
effective due to absence of their awareness and active involvement at all stages of the policy
process. Discuss.
• Introduction
○ As per economic survey, total subsidies and welfare programmes cost about 1.6% of GDP to
central government.
• Body
○ Also, write about issues with the current welfare schemes
■ 1. Leakages: As per Shanta Kumar Committee report on FCI, only 42% of beneficiary
got food benefits from PDS system.
■ 2. Secrecy: 2nd ARC observed that even after 60 years of independence, bureaucratic
structure i.e. implementing agency of welfare is working under secrecy. CORRUPTION
= MONOPOLY + SECRECY - ACCOUNTABILITY
■ 3. Corruption: 2nd ARC observed that corruption has become systemic due to monopoly
of bureaucracy especially in welfare scheme, secret legal structure and lack of
accountability.
■ 4. Exclusion & Inclusion Error: Economic Survey, observed large scale exclusion and
inclusion error in welfare schemes.
■ Non-involvement of Public: In framing various schemes the participation of public is
nearly zero which results in lack of awareness in the public what they are entitled to get
from the government.
■ Suggestions
■ Social audit: recently meghalaya government enacted a law for compulsory social audit
in various developmental schemes. The same should be applied to welfare schemes also
■ Creating awareness in the public regarding the scheme and the entitlements what the are
supposed to get.
■ Displaying list of beneficiaries at the panchayat offices and uploading of the beneficiaries
list in the website. Recently Rajasthan’s initiative Jan Soochna Portal (JSP) is a right
direction in this regard.
• Conclusion
○ The involvement of the public in designing of the various welfare schemes is the much
needed step for last mile delivery and to make sure no exclusion and inclusion errors.

9052192929 9121442929 9052492929
19. ‘The long sustained image of India as a leader of the oppressed and marginalised nations
has disappeared on account of its new found role in the emerging global order.’ Elaborate
Approach
Underlying theme : Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s
interests.
Keyword : Elaborate means to Bring out things clearly . as if the examiner does not know what it is
Introduction
Introduce the answer by describing India’s role in the movement of oppressed and marginalised
nations and the slight change in earlier stand.
India was a torch bearer of the oppressed and marginalised nations post-independence National
interest is the guiding principle of any country’s foreign affairs. With the changed international
circumstances new friendships being made.
Body
Divide the answer into two parts. In the first, enumerate India’s activities as a leader of the oppressed
and marginalisednations. In the second, mention some changes with time.
• India’s role in decolonization process.
• Role as a leader and founding member of NAM – Effectiveness and failures
• India’s stand in UN in different issues affecting third world countries.
• India’s economic development-GDP growth, technology revolution ..etc and associations with
first world countries.
• Failures of regional groupings, South-south associations; And plethora of agreements with North.
• National interest and necessity of new relations.
Conclusion: India’s stand never against the oppressed and marginalised nations. Developing new
associations have its own relevance. India is developing and supporting developments in the region.
New global order requires changed strategies; and India is following that India’s national interest
always integrate the poor and marginalised.
20. ‘What introduces friction into the ties between India and the United States is that
Washington is still unable to find for India a position in its global strategy, which would
satisfy India’s national self esteem and ambitions.’ Explain with suitable examples.
Approach
Underlying theme: India’s relations with USA
Keyword: Explain means to Bring out things clearly
Introduction
• Briefly talk about the importance of having good relations between India and US for both the
countries.
Body of the answer
• Talk about the issues that caused friction between India and US
o Defense deals with Russia- CAATSA.

9052192929 9121442929 9052492929
o Relations with Iran
o Trade ties: Generalised system of Preferences(GSP) ended by US
o US challenged India in WTO over the issue of solar panels
o US administration constantly accusing India for its high import tariffs on some products.
For example Harely Davidson bikes
o US administration imposed tariffs on India products like Steel and Aluminium which India
also retailated with imposition of tariffs on USA’s products like Almonds, Walnuts etc.
• How US can satisfy India’s national self esteem and ambitions
o US restructured U.S. Pacific Command as Indo-Pacific Command, emphasizing the
strategic linkage between the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
o Giving more weightage to forums like QUAD to secure the IndoPacific and countering
Chinese accession in Asian geo politics.
o The listing of Jaish-e-Mohammed leader Masood Azhar as an international terrorist by the
UN is an example of uncritical American support to India.
o India has been accorded with “Strategic Trade Authorisation” which enables USA to export
sensitive defense items to India.
Conclusion : Relations between India and the US are not only for mutual benefit but also for the sake
of global peace.
*****

9052192929 9121442929 9052492929

La Excellence Upsc

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

La Excellence Upsc

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

MAINS 2019-GENERAL STUDIES II APPROACH

HYDERABAD (ASHOK NAGAR) BANGALORE MADHAPUR

HYDERABAD (ASHOK NAGAR) BANGALORE MADHAPUR

HYDERABAD (ASHOK NAGAR) BANGALORE MADHAPUR

HYDERABAD (ASHOK NAGAR) BANGALORE MADHAPUR

HYDERABAD (ASHOK NAGAR) BANGALORE MADHAPUR

HYDERABAD (ASHOK NAGAR) BANGALORE MADHAPUR

HYDERABAD (ASHOK NAGAR) BANGALORE MADHAPUR

HYDERABAD (ASHOK NAGAR) BANGALORE MADHAPUR

HYDERABAD (ASHOK NAGAR) BANGALORE MADHAPUR

HYDERABAD (ASHOK NAGAR) BANGALORE MADHAPUR

HYDERABAD (ASHOK NAGAR) BANGALORE MADHAPUR

HYDERABAD (ASHOK NAGAR) BANGALORE MADHAPUR

HYDERABAD (ASHOK NAGAR) BANGALORE MADHAPUR

HYDERABAD (ASHOK NAGAR) BANGALORE MADHAPUR

HYDERABAD (ASHOK NAGAR) BANGALORE MADHAPUR

HYDERABAD (ASHOK NAGAR) BANGALORE MADHAPUR

HYDERABAD (ASHOK NAGAR) BANGALORE MADHAPUR

HYDERABAD (ASHOK NAGAR) BANGALORE MADHAPUR

HYDERABAD (ASHOK NAGAR) BANGALORE MADHAPUR

HYDERABAD (ASHOK NAGAR) BANGALORE MADHAPUR

HYDERABAD (ASHOK NAGAR) BANGALORE MADHAPUR

HYDERABAD (ASHOK NAGAR) BANGALORE MADHAPUR

HYDERABAD (ASHOK NAGAR) BANGALORE MADHAPUR

HYDERABAD (ASHOK NAGAR) BANGALORE MADHAPUR

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen