TIMBER DESIGN REVIEW MATERIAL

TIMBER DESIGN

BENDING STRESS (fb)

Mc
f b=
I

6M
f b=
b d2

M
f b=
S

where:
b d2
S= (section modulus)
6

b d3
I=
12

d
c=
2

SHEARING STRESS ( f V )

VQ
f v=
Ib
Q = Ay
Q=bd2/8

where:
V = maximum vertical shear
Q = statistical moment of area
I = moment of inertia
b = width under point of consideration
A = area above the point of consideration
y = distance between the neutral axis to center of that area

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 TIMBER DESIGN REVIEW MATERIAL

FOR RECTANGULAR SECTION

3V
f v=
2 bd

FOR TRIANGULAR SECTION

N.A.
d/2
d/4

d/2

f v=
VQ b d3 b d2
; I= ; Q=
Ib 36 24

3V
f v=
2A

FOR CIRCULAR CROSS-SECTION

π r4
I=
4

4V
f v=
3A

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 TIMBER DESIGN REVIEW MATERIAL

ALLOWABLE BENDING STRESS

Size Factor Adjustment (C f )

When the depth of a rectangular lumber bending member exceeds 300mm, the allowable
bending stress fb shall be multiplied by the size factor C f
1
C f = 300
( )
d
9

where:
d = depth of the beam
if d>300
For beams of circular section having a diameter greater than 340mm the size factor Cf may be
determined on the basis an equivalent conventionally loaded square beam.

π d2
= d2
4
π
d2 = (350)2
4
d = 301.3 > 300mm

ALLOWABLE BENDING STRESS CONSIDERING LATERAL STABILITY

Slenderness Factor (Cs)

When depth of a bending member exceeds its width, lateral support may be required and the
slenderness factor Cs shall be computed using

Le d
Cs =

where:
√ b2

Le = effective length
d = depth of beam
b = width of beam

TYPE OF BEAM SPAN AND NATURE OF LOAD EFFECTIVE LENGTH(Le)

1.single span beam, load concentrated at center
Le=1.61 Lu
2. Single span beam, uniformly distributed load
Le=1.92 Lu
3. Single span beam, equal end moments
Le=1.84 Lu
4. Cantilever beam, load concentrated at unsupported
end Le=1.69 Lu

5. Cantilever beam, uniformly distributed load

Le=1.06 Lu

*Lu=unsupported length of beam (mm)

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 TIMBER DESIGN REVIEW MATERIAL

I. SHORT UNBRACED BEAM

when Cs<10
Use fb'=fb

II. INTERMEDIATE UNBRACED BEAM

when C s >10<C k
C k=0.811 E
√ fb
1 Cs
4
For visually graded beam

fb'=fb[1- ( )
3 Ck
]

C k=0.956 E
√ fb
1
1 Cs 4
For Glued-Laminated beam and machine stress rated lumber

fc'=fb[1- ( )
3 Ck
]

III. LONG UNBRACED BEAM

When Cs>C k<50
0.438 E
fb'= Visually graded
C s2
0.438 E
fb'= Glued-Laminated beam and machine stress-rated
C s2

WOODEN COLUMNS

Buckling Factors

2018 I COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

 Theoretical Value
Recommended Value
TIMBER DESIGN REVIEW MATERIAL

FOR VISUALLY GRADED

Case I. SHORT COLUMNS

When Le/d = 11 or less,
fc’= fc

Case II. INTERMEDIATE COLUMNS

When Le/d > 11 < k
E
k=0.671
√fc
4
Le

[ ( )]
f = fc
1−
1 d
3 k
Case III. LONG COLUMNS
When Le/d > k
0.30 E
2
fc’= L e
( )
d

where:
fc= allow compressive stress parallel to the grain
L =unsupported length/height of column
E = modulus of Elasticity
d = least dimension of the column

FOR MACHINE STRESS GRADED

Case I. SHORT COLUMNS

When Le/d = 11 or less,
fc’= fc

Case II. INTERMEDIATE COLUMNS

When Le/d > 11 < k
E
k=0.792
√ fc
Case III. LONG COLUMNS
When Le/d > k
0.418 E
2
fc’= L e
( )
d

2018 I COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

 TIMBER DESIGN REVIEW MATERIAL

TAPERED COLUMNS

D 2−D 1
D=D 1 +
3

D= equivalent diameter of circular section

PURLINS

A. BY BENDING
6 Mn
f n= 2
bd

6 Mt
f t=
db 2

f T =f n −f t

B. BY SHEAR
3Vn
V n=
2 bd

3Vt
V t=
2bd

VT = Vn2 + Vt2

WIND LOAD, DUCHEMIN’S FORMULA

2 Psinθ
P n=
1+sin 2 θ

Pitch =h/L

P= wind pressure perpendicular to vertical surface

Pn= wind pressure perpendicular to normal surface

2018 I COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

 TIMBER DESIGN REVIEW MATERIAL

TIMBER
DESIGN

2018 I COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING