SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED

DISEASES
MMC-CAST_COMPUB Lab
E.Lugue
What are STDs?

• Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), also known as sexually transmitted

infections or STIs

• Infections passed from one person to another through sexual activity

including vaginal, oral, and anal sex. They can also be passed from one
person to another through intimate physical contact, such as heavy
petting, though this is not very common.

• STDs don’t always cause symptoms or may only cause mild symptoms,
so it is possible to have an infection and not know it. That is why it is
important to get tested if you are having sex. If you are diagnosed with
an STD, know that all can be treated with medicine and some can be
cured entirely.

• STDs are preventable. If you have sex, know how to protect yourself and
your sexual partner from STDs.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
• STDs are diseases and infections spread from
person to person through :
- Sexual intercourse
- Oral-genital contact or non sexual ways
- IV drug
- Congenitally transmitted
Common Sexually Transmitted
Infections
• Gonorrhoea
• Chlamydia
• Genital Herpes (HSV-2)
• Genital warts (HPV)
• Hepatitis B
• HIV and AIDS
• Pubic Lice
• Syphilis
• Trichomoniasis
What is gonorrhea
• A sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by
infection with the Neisseria gonorrhoeae
bacterium.
• Infects the mucous membranes of the reproductive
tract, including the cervix, uterus, and fallopian
tubes in women, and the urethra in women and
men.
• Can also infect the mucous membranes of the
mouth, throat, eyes, and rectum.
How common is gonorrhea?
• CDC estimates that approximately 1.14 million new
gonococcal infections occur in the United States
each year, and as many as half occur among young
people aged 15-24.

• In 2018, 583,405 cases of gonorrhea were

reported to CDC.
How is gonorrhea spread?
• You can get gonorrhea by having vaginal, anal, or
oral sex with someone who has gonorrhea. A
pregnant woman with gonorrhea can give the
infection to her baby during childbirth.
Pathogenesis
Pathogenesis
Disseminated gonococcal
Infection
Opthalmia neonatorum
How can I reduce my risk of
getting gonorrhea?
• The only way to avoid STDs is to not have vaginal,
anal, or oral sex.
• If you are sexually active, you can do the following
things to lower your chances of getting gonorrhea:
- Being in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship
with a partner who has been tested and has negative
STD test results;
- Using latex condoms the right way every time you have
sex.
Presumptive Diagnosis
• Typical gram-negative intracellular
diplococcic on microscopic examination of a
smear of urethral exudate from men or
endocervical secretions from women
• Growth of a gram-negative,oxidase-positive
diplococcic from the urethral discharge
(men) or endocervical discharge (women) on
a selective medium (MTM) and gives positive
reaction to biochemical tests and serological
tests for Neisseria gonorrhoea.
Identification of N. gonorrhoeae
and Related Species
• The genus Neisseria contains a number of species
which are normal flora and pathogens of humans
and animals.
• Of these species, the species of human origin–and
particularly the pathogenic species,
• N. gonorrhoeae
• N. meningitidis
Gonococcal urethritis
Gram stain of urethral discharge
Gonorrhea - gram stain of urethral discharge