DATA MODELS

By
Dr. Parteek Bhatia
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science &
Engineering
Thapar University
Patiala
Data Models

A model is a representation of reality, ‘real

world’ objects and events, and their
associations.

Data Model can be defined as an
integrated collection of concepts for
describing and manipulating data,
relationships between data, and
constraints on the data in an organization.
Simplified Approach To DBMS
By Parteek Bhatia
Broad Categories of Data Models

Object Based Data Models

Physical Data Models

Record Based Data Models

The object based and record based data
models are used to describe data at the
conceptual and external levels, the physical
data model is used to describe data at the
internal level.
Simplified Approach To DBMS
By Parteek Bhatia
Object Based Data Models

Object based data models use concepts such

as entities, attributes, and relationships.

Covered in detail in Chapter-5 Entity-
Relationship Model.

Simplified Approach To DBMS

By Parteek Bhatia
Physical Data Models

Physical data models describe how data is

stored in the computer.

Most common is Unifying Model.

Not in scope at this moment of time.

Simplified Approach To DBMS

By Parteek Bhatia
Record Based Logical Models

Record based logical models are used in

describing data at the logical and view levels.

The three most widely accepted record based
data models are:

Hierarchical Model

Network Model

Relational Model
Simplified Approach To DBMS
By Parteek Bhatia
Hierarchical Model

Hierarchical Database model is one of the

oldest database models.

Information Management System (IMS) is
based on this model

Simplified Approach To DBMS

By Parteek Bhatia
Example

Simplified Approach To DBMS

By Parteek Bhatia
Sample Database

Simplified Approach To DBMS

By Parteek Bhatia
Equivalent Hierarchical Model

Simplified Approach To DBMS

By Parteek Bhatia
Network Model

The Network model represents data with a

graph.

The main difference of the network model
from the hierarchical model, is its ability to
handle many to many (N:N) relations.

Simplified Approach To DBMS

By Parteek Bhatia
Equivalent Network Model

Simplified Approach To DBMS

By Parteek Bhatia
Relational Model

Relational model stores data in the form of

tables.

This concept purposed by Dr. E.F. Codd, a
researcher of IBM in the year 1960s.

Simplified Approach To DBMS

By Parteek Bhatia
Example

Simplified Approach To DBMS

By Parteek Bhatia
Comparisons of Record Based
Data Models

Hierarchical model suffers from insertion, updation,
deletion and retrieval anomalies.

Network model does not has any insertion, updation,
deletion and retrieval anomalies. But, it is complex and
difficult to implement.

Relations model again does not has any insertion,
updation, deletion and retrieval anomalies. But, it is very
simple and easy to implement, that why relational model
is very among all these models.

So, the winner is Relational Model.

Simplified Approach To DBMS

By Parteek Bhatia
References

Simplified Approach to DBMS

By
Parteek Bhatia, Kalyani Publisher

Simplified Approach To DBMS

By Parteek Bhatia