IMMUNE SYSTEM

Define:
● Pathogen: a bacterium, virus, or other microorganisms that can cause disease
● Antigen: a toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in
the body, especially the productions of antibodies
● Antibodies: a body protein produces in response to and counteracting as a specific
antigen
● Lymphocytes: (define and name the types and the functions of each) a form of small
leukoctye (white blood cell) with a single round nucleus, occuring especially in the
lymphatic. There are three main types known as T cells, B cells, and natural killer
cells. Lymphocytes are part of our immune defense and act to recognize antigens,
produce antibodies and destory cells that could cause damage
● Humoral response: the aspect of immunity that is mediated by macromolecules
found in extracellular fluids such as secreted antibodies, complement proteins, and
certain antimicrobial peptides

Watch Bozeman Science: The Immune System

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3M0vU3Dv8E

1. Our “castle wall” is our ______________________

2. How does the skin protect us against infection (list at least 3 ways)?

3. If an invader gets through our skin, ___________________ occurs to

combat the invader
4. The “big eaters” in our immune system are
_______________________
5. The word “antigen” means ________________
_____________________
6. Antibodies counteract antigens in two ways:

• ______________________
 • _____________________

7. The two types of lymphocytes are:

8. B lymphocytes are responsible for the _____________________
response, which means it happens in the _____________________ of
the body.
9. Antibodies are produced by _________________________
10. T lymphocytes are produced by the ________________________
response.
11. Where are B cells and T cells made?

12. Which cell initiates both the humoral and cell mediated responses?

13. Which cells of the immune system are attacked by HIV?

____________________________________________

You will have to conduct your own research to find the answers to a-c
that relate to #13.

a. What is the job of the cells that HIV attacks?

HIV attacks a specific type of immune system cell in the body. It's known as
the CD4 helper cell or T cell. When HIV destroys this cell, it becomes harder
for the body to fight off other infections.
b. How does the attack of the above cells affect the other white blood cells in your body
and their ability to help combat pathogens?
c. What is the average length of time before a human who contracts HIV begins to
realize something might be wrong with their immune system?

14. What do memory cells do?

a. How do they effect the response time of your immune system?