Question # 01:

The rapid sand filter being designed for Eau Gaullie has the characteristics and sieve analysis
shown below. Using the Rose equation, determine the headloss for the clean filter bed in a
stratified condition.
Depth = 0.6 m
Filtration rate = 120 m3/d*m2 0.001389 m3/s*m2
Sand specific gravity = 2.5
Shape factor = 0.8
Stratified bed porosity = 0.42
Water temperature = 19 ⁰C

Sand Analysis
U.S. Standard Mass percent
Sieve No. retained
8--12 0.01
12--16 0.39
16--20 5.7
20--30 25.9
30--40 44
40--50 20.2
50--70 3.7
70--100 0.1

Solution:

(CD)(f)
Sieve No. % Retained Diameter m Renold No. CD
d
8--12 0.01 0.002 2.16132167 13.484934 0.6742467
12--16 0.39 0.00142 1.53453839 18.40165 50.539742
16--20 5.7 0.001 1.08066084 25.434502 1449.7666
20--30 25.9 0.000714 0.77159184 34.859817 12645.228
30--40 44 0.000505 0.54573372 48.378471 42151.539
40--50 20.2 0.000357 0.38579592 67.379004 38124.815
50--70 3.7 0.000252 0.27232653 94.218284 13833.637
70--100 0.1 0.000178 0.19235763 131.94777 741.27959
Sum = 56297.748
 ℎ_𝐿=(1.067× 〖 (0.00139) 〗 ^2×0.6×"56297.75 " )/(0.8×9.8× 〖 (0.42) 〗 ^4 )

hL = 0.2847 m

Question # 02:
Determine the height of the expanded bed for the sand used in Problem -1 if the backwash rate is
1,000 m/d.

Estimated
Sieve no. Dia., m Estimated Reynolds CD vs, m/s Fraction
vs, m/s number retained
8–12 0.002 0.3 466.472303 0.5303519 0.2720085 0.0001
12–16 0.00142 0.2 220.79689 0.6505918 0.2069376 0.0039
16–20 0.001 0.15 116.618076 0.8236039 0.1543442 0.057
20–30 0.000714 0.1 55.5102041 1.1750096 0.1091888 0.259
30–40 0.000505 0.07 27.4829932 1.7855219 0.0744925 0.44
40–50 0.000357 0.05 13.877551 2.874725 0.0493612 0.202
50–70 0.000252 0.03 5.87755102 5.6607702 0.0295537 0.037
70–100 0.000178 0.02 2.76773567 10.814611 0.0179702 0.001

1st, 2nd and 7th columns are selected from previous problems
3rd column calculated from graph
4th column is calculated by using formula

5th column is calculated by using formula

6th column is calculated by using formula

assuming the density of water is 1,000 kg/m 3
The density of the sand grain is the product of the specific gravity (fromExample 11-2) and the
density of water: ps= 2.5*1000 = 2500

8th column is calculated by using formula

9th column is calculated by using formula

10th column is calculated by using formula

final column is calculated by using formula f/(1 - €e)

By using Equation

we calculate the height of expanded bed

De = 0.752805 m

Question # 03:
Determine the number of filter beds for Eau Gaullie ( Problem 1 ,2) if the maximum day design flow rate
is 3,800 m 3 /d.

Solution.
By using Equation

N = 1.20206073

However, the design guidance for plants with a design capacity less than 8,000 m 3 /d is a minimum of
two filters.
Comment.Two filters provide more flexibility in operation.
U.S. STANDARD SIEVE SIZES
U.S. sieve Size of opening
designation (mm)
3 6.35
4 4.76
5 4
6 3.36
7 2.8
8 2.38
10 2
12 1.68
14 1.41
16 1.19
18 1
20 0.841
25 0.71
30 0.59
35 0.5
40 0.42
45 0.35
50 0.297
60 0.25
70 0.21
80 0.177
100 0.149
120 0.125
140 0.105
170 0.09
200 0.074
230 0.063
270 0.053
Reynolds Exponent Expanded f/(1 - €e)
number porosity
528.68506 0.4206518 0.2491956 0.0001332
285.56984 0.3955253 0.3016839 0.0055849
149.99436 0.3708605 0.3624398 0.0894033
75.763625 0.3463771 0.436917 0.4599677
36.55852 0.3220342 0.5237813 0.9239452
17.125304 0.2985155 0.6208886 0.5328249
7.2376433 0.2738816 0.743204 0.1440833
3.1085559 0.2516859 0.8628441 0.007291
Sum = 2.163233