Chronology June 16, 1962-September 15, 1962

Source: Middle East Journal, Vol. 16, No. 4 (Autumn, 1962), pp. 476-507
Published by: Middle East Institute
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 CHRONOLOGY*
June 16, 1962-September 15, 1962

General accused Britain of suppression in Oman and asked

1962
June 17: At the end of a conference in Cairo of the
Casablanca group, it was decided that the seat of
an African common market be established in
Casablanca. The market will begin operating by
January 1, 1963.
June 22: It was announced that the US has declined
an invitation to send observers to the fourth Arab
Petroleum Congress to be held in Beirut in Novem-
ber. The Soviet Union accepted a similar invita-
tion.
June 28: In a letter addressed to Max Bressler, presi-
dent of the Zionist Organization of America, Presi-
dent Kennedy said that the US sought peace and
prosperity for all Middle Eastern countries, "firm
in our belief that a new spirit of comity in that
important part of the world would serve the
highest aspirations and interests of all nations."
The organization began its 65th annual convention
in Washington.
June 29: An office of the Arab Information Center
was opened in London, headed by Edward Rizk.
July 1: The Zionist Organization of America urged
the US, in a resolution at the close of its conven-
tion, that it continue to send aid to Middle East
states and insisted that such aid not be utilized for
an arms build-up that would "threaten the
stability" of the area.
July 8: Delegates from nearly 30 nonaligned coun-
tries met in Cairo to discuss the effect of the
European Economic Community on their economies.
July 11: Eleven Arab states were reported to have
for renewed debate at the UN General Assembly
in September.
July 12: The Indian delegate to the Cairo conference
urged poorer countries to show the world they are
determined to work hard for their own betterment.
July 18: The Cairo conference ended. A statement
was issued deploring "discriminatory economic
barriers," and expressing "apprehension" that re-
gional economic groupings of industrial countries
might "adversely affect the interests of (leveloping
countries." The report indorsed a UN sponsored
world-wide economic conference early next year.
The chairman of the conference, UAR. Minister
of Economy Qaysuni, was asked to send to the
UN Secretariat the text of a 69-point "Cairo
Declaration" adopted by the conference, with a
request for its inclusion as a separate item on
the General Assembly agenda.
July 23: Representatives of social organizat:ionsfrom
27 countries met in Rabat to "assert the importance
of the family in a changing society."
July 29: Gabriele Acacio Cardinal Coussa, Secretary
of the Congregation of the Eastern Church, died
in Rome.
July 30: Dr. Husayn K. Salim, Director of the
Arab Information Center in Washington, died in
New York.
Aug. 11: It was reported that Saudi Arabia, Iraq
and Jordan have aligned themselves with Syria
in the latter's complaint to the Arab ILeague of
alleged UAR interference in Syrian internal affairs.
Aug. 16: Algeria was elected the 13th member of
the Arab League.

* The quarterly chronology of the Journal is compiled from a large number of sources: somewhat mnorethan
half of the items are drawn from the New York Times; other sources include Mideast Mirror of Beirut,
Middle East Economic Digest of London, Daily Report of the Foreign Broadcast Information Service of
Washington, Arab News and Views of New York, bulletins of the United Nations Office of Public
Information, United Nations, New York, United Nations Newsletter, Middle East Economic Survey of
Beirut, Economic Intelligence of the Chamber of Commerce of Washington, International Financial News
Survey of the IMF in Washington, Middle East Press Review, Middle East Economist and Financial
Service, and Middle East Newsletter of New York, regular and occasional bulletins from the offices of
press attaches of Middle Eastern Embassies in Washington, Kashmir Affairs of Rawalpindi, Israel Digest
of Jerusalem, Iran Review of London, and The Egyptian Economic and Political Review of Cairo.

476

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 CHRONOLOGY
Aug. 22: A meeting of the Arab League Council
was held in Shtoura, Lebanon, to hear Syria's
complaint of interference by the UAR. Iraq was
not represented.
Vice President Johnson left Washington for a
19-day tour of the Middle East, Greece and Italy.
Aug. 27: Syria accused President Nasir of having
worked "secretly" with the US to "liquidate the
Palestine question." The accusations were lodged
at the Arab League Council meeting.
Aug. 28: The UAR walked out of the League
Council meeting and threatened to withdraw from
the Arab League. The Council met with Secretary
General Hassunah, then sent him to Beirut in an
attempt to persuade the Egyptians to return to the
conference.
Sept. 1: The Arab League Council meeting was
postponed for the time being, it was reported.
The Egyptian delegation returned to Cairo.
Sept. 6: 'Abd al-Khaliq H{assunah announced that
he would not carry on his duties as Secretary
General of the Arab League after his term expired
on September 15. This, he said, was in accordance
with the League charter.
Over 200 delegates representing 32 countries
and several international organizations attended
the opening session of the Second Oil Symposium
in Tehran, under the auspices of the UNESCO and
the ECAFE.
Sept. 13: The Arab League Council met in Cairo and
was reported to have agreed that Hassanah should
remain Secretary General. The Council adjourned
till the day after tomorrow when it will discuss
the UAR's boycott of the League.
Sept. 15: Hassunah was re-elected for a third 5-year
term. The decision was reported unanimous.
Aden
(See also, Syria)
1962
June 19: Robert Edwards, a member of the British
Parliament, promised more than 8,000 Arabs in
Aden that he would seek a "constructive and
peaceful" solution to their problems through the
Parliament and the trade union movement.
June 22: Twenty-three Adenis were found guilty of
taking part in an illegal strike and fined ?7 each
or 14 days in jail.
June 23: Robert Edwards said he would try to
bring Sultan Muhammad ibn Aydrus to London,
and to get a parliamentary debate on the colony.
He had met with the Sultan in Southern Yemen,
where the latter leads about 200 rebel shaykhs.
June 30: It was reported that the Indian High Com-
missioner to Aden had instructed Indian residents
there to "associate freely with the Arabs."
July 2: Mrs. J. F. K. Petrie announced that she had
resigned as principal of Aden Girls' College which
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477
has been closed since Februaryafter a strike by its
pupils.
July 3: The 23 Adenis found guilty of violating the
industrialrelationsordinancedecidedto go to jail
ratherthanpay the fine.
July 6: It was announcedthat an oil concession
agreementhad been signed between the Indiana
Standardsubsidiary,Pan Am International,and the
MahraSultanof Qishn and Socotra.
July 7: Seven Jordanianwomen teachers left for
home after failing to have their contractsrenewed
with the Aden Girls' College.
July 12: A new political party,the National Socialist
Party, was announced,with 'Abdallah al-Asnaj,
general secretaryof the Aden Trades Union Con-
gress, as president.
July 23: Talks on a proposedmergerof the Federa-
tion of South Arabia and Aden Colony began in
London. A general strike in protest was called
in Aden.
Aug. 16: Agreementwas reachedin Londonon the
proposedmerger.
Aug. 20: A draft treatyfor the proposedmergeron
or before next March was publishedas part of a
BritishWhite Paper.In Aden, the National Social-
ist Party called for demonstrationson the day the
legislative council opens. This was made at a
mass meeting.
Aug. 25: A high government security official in
Aden confirmedthat 'Abdallahal-Asnaj had been
summoned to the Colony Secretariatwhere his
attention was drawn to the criminal intimidation
act following a meeting when he was alleged to
have used "inflamatory words."
Two Ministers-Bayumi and MuhammadSa'id
Husayni-cabled Acting SecretaryGeneralU Thant
declaringthat Muhammad'All Luqman,a founder
of the People's Socialist Partv,now in New York
to addressthe UN special committeeon colonial-
ism, "does not representthe people of Aden."
Aug. 27: The Minister for Electricity, 'Abdallah
al-Saffl, warned Adenis in a broadcastthat Aden
could look forward with confidenceto an "ex-
panding and prosperous future" provided "no
irresponsibleactions" caused shipping to bunker
elsewhere.
Sept. 5: All processions were banned throughout
Aden after a mass demonstrationin Aden last
night, protestingthe mergeragreement.
Sept. 8: After a short hearing,al-Asnajand 4 other
membersof the National Socialist Party pleaded
not guilty to chargesof taking part in an illegal
processionon September3.
Sept 9: A Federationgovernmentutility truck was
blown up outside al-Ittihad, allegedly in protest
to the mergeragreement.
Sept. 15: It was reported that 3 petitions from
oppositiongroups have been presentedto the UN
special committee on colonialism, all of which
oppose the merger. A fourth petition endorses
the merger.
478 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
Afghanistan
(See also, Iran, Pakistan)
1962
July 19: Three Czechprofessors,specialistsin pediat-
rics, arrived in Kabul for 3 months' visit at
Kabul University,in accordancewith the Afghan-
Czechoslovakcultural exchange agreement.
July 20: The King was reportedto have invited the
Shah of Iran to visit Kabul on July 26 for talks
on the dispute between Afghanistanand Pakistan.
July 27: Formal talks were held in Kabul between
the Shah of Iran and King Zahir Shah on Afghan-
Pakistanrelations.
July 31: The Shah returnedto Tehran by way of
Rawalpindi, where he held a second round of
talks with President Ayub Khan on Afghan-
Pakistanrelations.
Aug. 1: A joint communiqueissued in Tehran and
Kabul said that the Shah would continue his
efforts towards normalizing relations between
Afghanistanand Pakistan.
Aug. 15: President Ayub Khan said that high
Pakistani and Afghan officials "might soon be
meeting in Tehran to discuss further the resump-
tion of normalrelations."
Sept. 12: A meeting between the Foreign Ministers
of Afghanistan and Pakistan, scheduled to take
place in Tehran today, was reportedto have been
cancelled"forlack of time."
Algeria
(See also, General,Israel,Jordan,Morocco,Syria)
1962
June 16: Fifty-fivemembersof the OAS were cap-
tured and up to 11 others killed in 2 related
operationsyesterdayand today near Oran, official
sourcesin Algiers announced.
At Rocher-Noir,'Abd al-RahmanFaris resumed
talks with formerAlgiers mayorJacquesChevalier
and other Europeanleaders. Earliercontactswere
broken 2 days ago because of disagreementon
European demands of further guaranteesbeyond
those of the cease-fireagreed at Evian-les-Bains.
French military sources said that units of the
Moroccan army had penetrated 15 miles into
Algerian territoryand set up camp in Fort Affa.
It was reportedthat if the National Liberation
Front dominates the political development of
Algeria it will follow the platform adopted by
the National Council of the Algerian Revolution
in Tripoli at the beginning of this month, which
provides for a democraticgovernment "with a
Socialisteconomicsystem."
June 17: OAS leadersorderedmembersto "suspend
combatand to halt destruction"after Dr. Shawqi
Mustafl'i, a leading official in the transitional
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executive council, yielded on 3 demands by the
OAS, namely:amnestyto OAS prisoners,participa-
tion in the police forces, and some recognition
after independence.MustafA'i,makingit plain that
he spoke in the name of the Algerian nationalist
leadership,stipulatedthat the concessionswill be
made only if OAS terrorismdid not resume after
tonight.
President de Gaulle hailed the agreementand
called for Europeansand Muslims in Algeria to
undertake"their task, which is to constructto-
getherthe new Algeria."
June 18: Leadersof the OAS in Oran rejectedthe
truce announcedby the spokesmanof the organiza-
tion in Algiers. They declared that "the fight
continues."
Ministers of the Provisional Government in
Tunis maintainedsilence on the concessionsan-
nouncedby Mustafa'iin Algiers.
June 19: Premier Yuisif ibn Khidda told a press
conferencein Cairothat Mustafa'i'sconcessionsdid
not representthe ProvisionalGovernment'sviews.
He emphasizedthat the function of the transi-
tional executivewas limited to safeguarding,secur-
ing and providing suitable conditionsfor holding
the self-determinationreferendumJuly 1.
In Algiers, Jean-JacquesSusini, the political
head of the OAS, demandedthat Europeansbe
includedin the new Muslim police force. He said
that if his request was not met in 48 hours
terrorismwould continuein Oran.
In Paris, French Deputies from Algeria who
oppose the approachingMuslim assumption of
power in that countryadvised all Algerianswho
wished to remain French to leave for France.
June 20: Members of the OAS in the west and
east of Algeria reportedlycontinuedtheir terrorist
attacksand sabotage. In Oran they halted the flow
of gas from the Saharaby blowing up a decom-
pressionstation near the end of the pipeline lead-
ing from the Hassi R'Mel gas field to the Medi-
terraneancoast east of Oran.
Europeanlabor unions in Algeria declaredthat
they would order a general exodus of Europeans
from Algeria, unless self-governing zones were
set up for Europeansin the western part of the
country by June 30, it was reported in Algiers.
Seven ships and 29 planes brought more than
7,000 Algerian refugees to Marseilles, it was re-
ported there. Planes landing elsewhere brought
in 1,000 more. The rate of flight has been about
8,000 a day for a week.
June 21: A spokesmanfor the OAS in Algiers an-
nouncedthat terroristcommandoshad been ordered
to fire on any Frenchsecurityforces that continued
to arrest its members. It was revealed that 20
young Europeanswere flown to France yesterday
in a militaryplane and sent to prison.
The French government served notice that
while it approved of the agreementreached be-
tween Muslims and Europeans on June 17, it
 CHRONOLOGY
would not give amnesty to those carrying on a
subversivecampaignin Franceagainst the regime.
A Cabinetmeeting scheduledfor today in Tunis
by the Provisional Governmentwas cancelled to
await the return of Foreign Minister Sa'd Dahlab.
June 22: Raoul Salancalled for an end to the terror-
ism in Algeria and urged his former followers to
join in building a new "brotherlyAlgeria,"it was
reportedin Paris.
In Oran, Paul Gardy, OAS commanderthere,
called on his units to be ready for action. The
Oran city hall was burned following a heavy ex-
plosion, and terrorists attacked French security
quarterswith automaticweapons.
Farhat 'Abbas announced in Rabat that he
would return home to Algeria next week.
June 23: Pirate broadcastsby OAS factions in Oran
and Algiers reportedly contradictedeach other.
Paul Gardy in Oran declaredthat "peaceaccords"
between the OAS in Algiers and the transitional
executive were "about to be denounced"; but
Jean-JacquesSusini said in Algiers that the Al-
gerian nationalists had given Europeans"reasons
for hope."
June 24: It was reportedin Oran that OAS mem-
bers touched off bombs and set fires in 6 schools,
the central office of the Public Health Administra-
tion and other public buildings. The city hall
was set on fire a third time in as manydays. These
acts were intended to speed up an exodus of
Europeansfrom Oran, pirate broadcastsindicated.
The National LiberationArmy staged a political
rally in L'Arba to urge some 10,000 Muslims to
vote "yes" for independenceand cooperationwith
Franceon July 1.
June 25: The OAS set off a fire in the port area,
burningthe British PetroleumCompany's8 storage
tanks which containedabout 2,500,000 gallons of
diesel oil. Four more schools were burned and
a bomb exploded in a building belonging to the
Public Health Services.
It was reportedthat Maj. Gen. Phillipe Ginestet,
the head of the Frenchforces in Oran, died yester-
day of wounds suffered in a Europeanterrorist
attack 11 days ago.
New charges of subversion calling for the
death penalty were placed against Raoul Salan, it
was reportedin Paris.
It was revealed in Algiers that more than 50
per cent of Algerian Jews have fled the country
since the end of March. About 22 per cent of
the non-Jewish Europeans have left during the
same period.
June 26: Algerian leaders meeting in Tunis were
reported to have re-establishedtheir "collegial
solidarity"with the naming of a Political Bureau,
or centralcommitteeof "the Party of the Masses."
It will include 5 men who have been disputing
the party leadership,namely: Premier Yuisif ibn
Khidda, Vice Premiers Muhammad ibn Balla,
Muhammad Boudiaf and Bilqasim Karim and
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479
former Premier Farhat 'Abbas. Primacy within
the Bureauwas not known.
In Oran, OAS commandosblew up 2 telephone
exchangesand burneda building housing regional
headquartersof the Health Ministry. Meanwhile
Rene Soyer,a representativeof the Frenchgovern-
ment, worked "tirelessly"to negotiate peace be-
tween SecretArmy terroristsand Muslim national-
ists in Oran-a campaign he started last week
when the Oran OAS commandrefused to follow
the Algiers truce.
June 27: French High Commissioner Christian
Fouchet declaredin Algiers after a short trip to
Oran that "reasonis going to prevail over mad-
ness" there "in the next few hours." In Oran,
however, some factions of the OAS continued
their campaignof violence in defiance of orders
from their leaders. Former Col. Henri Dufour
had orderedcommandosof the OAS to "interrupt"
their attacksand sabotageactions. He spoke for
Paul Gardy,who had left Algeria 2 days before.
Algerians in Moroccoended voting on the self-
determinationreferendumafter 29,179 of them
had cast their ballots, it was reportedin Rabat.
June 28: It was reportedthat Francehas laid down
all the details of the transfer of authority to a
new Algerian governmentexcept the question of
whether French and Algerian soldiers will salute
each otherwhen they meet.
In Oran,only one incidentwas reported,a fire in
a public building, as prominentleaders of both
the Muslim and European communities "made
progressin effortsto restorepeace."
Muhammadibn Balla left Tunis for Tripoli,
Libya.
June 29: On his return to Algeria, after 6 years
absence, Farhat 'Abbas told Muslims in Tebessa
to "have confidencein the National Liberation
Army."
For the first time in 6 monthsMuslimsventured
in the Europeancenter of Oran without incident,
it was reportedin Oran. A "committeeof recon-
ciliation," composed of 15 Europeans and 7
Algerian nationalists,met for the first time, and
in a series of speeches speakersfrom both sides
urged their followers to forget the past and join
to constructAlgeriatogether.
June 30: About 5,000 Muslims, including many
women and children, gathered in front of the
OranCity Hall for a mass "rallyof reconciliation."
The Algerian ProvisionalGovernmentin Tunis
ordered the dissolution of the general staff of
the Algerian LiberationArmy.
July 1: The referendumwas held. A heavy turnout
of Europeansin Oran was reported.
In Tripoli, ibn Balla issued a statement de-
nouncingthe ProvisionalGovernment'sdissolution
of the general staff.
In Tunis, "strong discontent" was registered
among membersof the Algerian LiberationArmy
to the dismissalof the generalstaff.
480 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
In Paris, Gen. Rene Marie Edgard de Larminat,
the head of the special military court set up to
try Salan and other right wing terrorists, shot
and killed himself at his home.
July 2: More than 70 per cent of Algeria's 5,000,000
eligible voters reportedly cast their votes endorsing
independence by a majority of about 99.0 per cent.
Voting was peaceful for the most part but in Oran
there were moments of shooting and a confronta-
tion of French and Algerian troops in the heart
of the city.
The commanding officers of the Constantine zone
issued a communique denouncing the Provisional
Government for the dismissal of the members of
the general staff. Col. Houari Boumedienne and
2 of his officers, Majors Mendjili and Slimane, it
was learned later, were dismissed for alleged
'criminal activities."
July 3: France formally proclaimed the independence
of Algeria. The Provisional Government came
home to Algeria from Tunis to a "tumultuous"
welcome, 6 hours after the proclamation of
Algerian independence. Ibn Balla was not present.
Col. Tahar Z'Biri, commander of Willaya I,
issued a statement calling on the nationalist army
to follow the "true" leaders of the revolution,
whom he listed as Ibn Balla, Khidir, Rabah Bitat,
Muhammad Sa'id, and Farhat 'Abbas.
President Kennedy recognized Algeria as an
independent nation.
France appointed Jean-Marcel Jeanneney Am-
bassador to the new republic of Algeria.
July 4: Units of the National Liberation Army in
Rabat announced that they were taking over the
Algerian Embassy there. The Embassy is the head-
quarters of the Provisional Government in Morocco.
Maghreb reported a Liberation Army spokesman as
saying: "Our action is to be extended until legal
power-that is, the authority of the Algerian
National Revolutionary Council-is re-established."
The Council is the "insurgent parliament."
Meanwhile, it was reported that "first steps"
have been taken in Rocher Noir for a meeting
between ibn Khidda and ibn Balla. The latter was
in Cairo on his way to Algeria.
July 5: Algerian Army chiefs in Rabat challenged
the legality of the Provisional Government and
threatened to use force if the nationalist parlia-
ment was not called to set up a new regime, it
was reported in Rabat.
At least 50 persons were reported killed by
shooting or knifing in Oran in clashes between
Muslims and Europeans. The origins of the clashes
were not known.
In Cairo, it was reported that Tawfiq al-
MadTni, the Algerian delegate to the Arab League,
would fly to Algiers tomorrow in an attempt to
reconcile the opposing factions in the nationalist
government. Ibn Balla met with him during the
mnorning and later talked with President Nasir,
who is seeking to mediate the dispute.
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Pope John XXIII, in an unscheduled broadcast
to Algeria tonight, appealed to the leaders of the
new nation of exercise "courageous wisdom,
prudent moderation and justice."
Liao Cheng-chih, chairman of the Chinese Com-
mittee for Afro-Asian Solidarity, told a rally in
Peiping celebrating Algerian independence that
the Algerian success proved that they had done
"the correct thing in choosing the path of armed
struggle."
July 6: The Provisional Government's press service
said today that Moroccan troops had occupied the
Saharan post of Saf-Saf, 15 miles within Algerian
territory.
Fourteen tons of drugs and medical equipment,
donated by US pharmaceutical companies, arrived
by air in Algiers for use at the Beni-Messous
Hospital just outside Algiers.
French security forces resumed control of the
European sector of Oran in cooperation with the
National Liberation Army.
July 7: About 1,100 men of the Algerian army
stationed in Morocco arrived in Oran allegedly to
strengthen ibn Balla's hand against the Provisional
Government leadership.
A dispatch from Algiers reported that 25,000
troops in the National Liberation Army also
favored ibn Balla.
Algerians loyal to the Provisional Government re-
occupied its embassy in Rabat after the Moroccans
ordered the National Liberation Army members to
evacuate the building. There was no resistance,
and the Algerian troops camped outside Rabat,
presumably to await ibn Balla's arrival from
Cairo.
It was disclosed that US food supplies have been
secretly shipped to Algeria during the last 3
months for fear of sabotage by European extrem-
ists. The disclosure was made on the arrival of 6
US physicians in Algiers who will give emergency
medical aid to Algerians.
July 8: Muhammad Yazid, Information Minister, and
Rabah Bitat arrived in Rabat to meet with ibn
Balla tomorrow. They were sent by Yuisif ibn
Khidda in an effort to end the rift in the Algerian
leadership.
A spokesman from the Israeli Foreign Ministry
disclosed that Israel has recognized Algerian in-
dependence.
July 9: Soon after his arrival from Zurich, ibn Balla
held secret talks with Yazid and Bitat in Rabat.
July 10: It was reported in Rabat that the talks
between ibn Balla and ibn Khidda's representatives
did not bring about a compromise on their dif-
ferences. Yazid indicated, however, that the meet-
ing had "advanced" the cause of national unity.
Further talks will be held elsewhere after officials
in all the willayas had made clear their views,
Algerian Provisional Government sources said.
The commander of the Liberation Army for the
 CHRONOLOGY
Oran region announced that the army would try
several hundred Muslims and publicly execute
those convicted of looting and kidnapping, it was
reported in Oran.
The transitional executive decreed an amnesty
for all common-law offenses committed on Algerian
territory before the end of French rule July 3.
July 11: Ibn Balla returned to Marinia, his native
town, for the first time in 6 years. A few hours
later at Tlemcen he vowed to put all his strength
in the service of "the sacred unity of the Algerian
people." He denied that he wanted to set up a
military dictatorship and affirmed support for the
methods of "collective leadership." This was his
first public declaration on Algerian soil.
July 12: Ibn Balla received a "delirious welcome" in
Oran, it was reported. In a speech he repeated his
appeal for unity but by implication suggested that
his antagonists in Algiers were "counter-revolu-
tionaries." It was learned that ibn Balla will
carry his campaign into all parts of Algeria
beginning in a few days.
Premier ibn Khidda told 100,000 Kabyles at
Tizi-Ouzou that national unity was essential if
the "goals of our revolution are to be achieved."
With him on the platform were Col. Muhand
Oul Hajj, commander of Kabylia, Bilqasim Karim,
Minister of State Hocine Ait-Ahmad, Muhammad
Boudiaf and Muhammad Yazid.
July 13: Ibn Balla and his followers set up head-
quarters at Tlemcen. Ahmad Boumendjel, at a
news conference, denied a report that ibn Balla
planned to visit Algiers soon, and reaffirmed state-
ments that the Rabat talks "had been a complete
failure." Another spokesman for the group issued
a communique through the Algerian Army Com-
mand accusing ibn Khidda of having appealed to
French troops in an effort to prevent Algerian
forces stationed in Tunisia from entering Algeria.
The communique also warned all foreign govern-
ments to abstain from interference in Algeria's
internal affairs. Meanwhile in Oran, Hajj Allah,
another follower, issued a statement accusing ibn
Khidda of "counter-revolutionary" tendencies, "neo-
colonialism" and "connivance with France."
Alluding to Boumendjel's statements to the press,
Yazid told a news conference in Algiers that he
refused "to debate our internal problems in
public." He said that the national assembly, to
be elected August 12, is the place for such dis-
cussions.
'Ali Kafl, Ambassador of the Provisional Gov-
ernment in Cairo, returned to Algiers with a
message from President Nasir. The contents were
not disclosed.
Yazid indicated that the government's attitude
toward Israel was "exactly like that of the other
Arab states."
July 14: Ibn Balla and his followers were reported
to have decided to call a meeting of the regional
commanders of the Algerian Army.
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481
MuhammadYazid told a press conferencethat
whateverproposalthe zonal commanderscame up
with to solve the crisis "we shall accept it,"
accordingto a dispatchfrom Algiers.
The French of Algeria markedBastille Day by
gathering at receptions at the nearest French
consulates.
July 15: Col. Muhand Oul HIjj, commanderof
Willaya 3, met with Premieribn Khidda on how
to meet the challenge of the other willaya leaders
in the forthcoming meeting of regional com-
manders.
July 16: It was reportedthat Farhat'Abbas joined
in oppositionto Premieribn Khidda.
Foreign Minister Sa'd Dahlab and Information
Minister Yazid said they would resign if "con-
fusion and division" in the nationalistmovement
was not resolved by the regional commanders'
meeting that they said started tonight, it was
reportedin Algiers.
A Moroccanpress agency announcedthat the
Algerian LiberationArmy had establisheda press
agency to rival the Provisional Government's
official Algerian news service. The news agency
was said to be sending Morse code dispatches
from somewherein the Algerian-Moroccan border
area.
July 17: Ibn Balla's group agreed to accept the
mediation of the National Liberation Army in
its conflict with Premier ibn Khidda and his
government,but warned that it would resume its
freedom of action if the zonal leaders failed to
agree.
July 18: Unconfirmedreports in Algiers indicated
that the secret council of military leaders have
agreed to nominate a political bureau to direct
the National LiberationFront as a "partyof the
masses.
Farhat 'Abbas endorsedthe charges leveled by
ibn Balla againstthe AlgerianProvisionalGovern-
ment, but he declared he disagreed with ibn
Balla's idea of a "Socialiststate" and a "one-party
system,"it was reportedin Tlemcen.
European refugees from Algeria arrived in
Franceat a rate of 4,500 a day in the first half
of July comparedwith 10,000 and 12,000 a day
before the vote for independenceJuly 1, Robert
Boulin, Secretaryof State for Repatriates,said
in Paris.
In an interview with the Moroccan paper,
al-Tahrir, the ousted chief of the general staff,
Houari Boumedienne,said that the aim of the
Algerian LiberationArmy was a "peasants'revolu-
tion" with agrarianreform as its first objective.
July 19: It was reported in Algiers that a com-
promise might be reached by naming the 6
survivorsof the 9-man committeethat startedthe
war to a political bureau. They are ibn Balla,
Muhammad Boudiaf, Rabah Bitat, Hocine Ait-
Ahmad, MuhammadKhidir and Bilqasim Karim.
482 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
July 20: 'Abd al-RahmanFaris, President of the
Transitional Executive, met for 10 hours with
ibn Balla and Farhat 'Abbas in Tlemcen. No
statementwas issued after the meeting.
Meanwhile, a statementissued in the name of
Col. Boumedienneand his aides denounced the
ministers of the Provisional Government as
"usurpers," declaring that the decisions these
ministers made were "illegal" and "invalid" and
should not be obeyed.
July 21: It was reportedin Tlemcenthat the regional
commanders'meeting broke off last night without
reachingagreementon a compromisesolution they
had hoped to impose on the feuding factions.
July 22: The ibn Balla group announcedthat they
were supplantingthe ProvisionalGovernmentwith
a 7-man political bureau to assume leadershipof
the country.
July 23: The ProvisionalGovernmentmade a con-
cession tonight, accepting the proclaimed 7-man
political bureau,providedthe nominationwas rati-
fied by the National Council of the Algerian
Revolution. The memberswill be Muhammadibn
Balla, MuhammadBoudiaf, MuhammadKhidir,
Rabah Bitat, Hocine Ait-Ahmadand Muhammadi
Sa'id, as well as an officerof the National Libera-
tion Army, Haj Ben Alla.
Five Europeansand 2 Muslims were reported
killed in a shooting incidentin downtownAlgiers.
July 24: It was reportedin Paris that France has
instructedher Ambassadorand consuls in Algeria
to take "energeticaction" to protect French lives
and propertythere.
July 25: Forces loyal to Vice Premier ibn Balla
gained control of Constantineand Bone after a
short battle with Provisional Governmentforces,
it was reported in Algiers. Twenty-fivesoldiers
were reportedkilled. In Tiaret, where ibn Balla
held a mass rally, his followers denied knowledge
of the incident. Premieribn Khidda in a message
broadcast tonight called a halt to the military
clashes. He called on the leaders of the 5 other
military zones to meet with the leader of Kabylia
"to prevent, at any price, the adventureinto a
civil war that menacesour country."
July 26: ProvisionalGovernmentMinistersin Algiers
sought a compromisesolution in the leadership
crisis through telephone contacts with ibn Balla
supportersand with the anti-ibn Balla camp in
Tizi-Ouzou. Rabah Bitat arrivedin Algiers from
Constantineduring the day and correctedoriginal
reports of 25 soldiers dead, saying there were
about 2 or 4 dead and about 10 wounded.
July 27: MuhammadKhidir met with Premieribn
Khidda and Algiers military zone leaders in
Algiers. BilqasimKarimalso arrivedfrom Kabylia
and announced that the region's military com-
mand would not attack anyone but would resist
any invasion.
Meanwhile in Paris, Hocine Ait-Ahmad an-
nounced his resignationas Minister of State. He
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and Foreign Minister Dahlab arrived there unex-
pectedly. The latter, it was learned,had resigned
earlythis week.
July 28: Premieribn Khiddacalled for an immediate
meeting of the nationalist movement'sparliament
to settlethe leadershipstruggle.
Muhammad Khidir met for 3 hours with
Bilqasim Karim; while they met, Muhammad
Boudiaf of Kabylia said in Tizi-Ouizouthat ibn
Balla supportershad committed "fulrtheraggres-
sion" in the Constantineregion.
July 29: Troops of the neutral nationalist region
adjoining Algiers took over the capi:talwithout a
shot, it was reportedin Algiers. The commanders
declaredthe city open to "all the leaders whose
contribution could hasten the resolution of the
present crisis."
Col. Sawt al-'Arab, commander of the
Constantine region, said in Oran that he now
supportedthe ibn Balla group.
In Paris, Muhammad Khidir expressed con-
fidencethat "everythingwill be settled in a week."
He cameto Paris to rally supportamongthe mem-
bers of the Federationof France,who are believed
to be loyal to MuhammadBoudiaf.
July 30: Boudiafwas reportedto have been captured
by ibn Balla supporterswhile he was visiting his
family in M'Sila.
Premier ibn Khidda issued a statementurging
all Algerian leaders to come back to Algiers to
work for unity.
Aug. 1: Boudiafwas releasedin Batna,where he had
been taken,and a plane was sent to take him back
to Algiers. MuhammadKhidir said that negotia-
tions will resume upon Boudiaf's return.
Khidir met for three hours with Bilqasim
Karim and Boudiaf but failed to reach agreement
on a solution to the leadership crisis, it was
reportedin Algiers.
Aug. 2: The 7-manpoliticalbureaureachedan agree-
ment after a meeting this morning. Khidir agreed
to Boudiaf's and Ait-Ahmad'sdemandsthat elec-
tions for a ConstituentAssemblybe held and that
the National Council of the Algerian Revolution
be given power to examinethe compositionof the
political bureau.
Aug. 3: Muhammadibn Balla arrivedin Algiers and
received "a tumultuous welcome from thousands
of Algerians."
It was announced in Rocher-Noir that about
$7,122,600 had been earmarkedin the transitional
executive'scurrentbudget for reparationsfor pre-
independencedamage caused by the OAS.
Aug. 4: The first meeting of the political bureau
decidedto postponeelectionsfor the first Constitu-
ent Assemblyfrom August 27 to September2, it
was reportedin Algiers.
Aug. 5: MuhammadKhidir was named Secretary
General of the political bureau, it was reported
in Algiers. Haj Ben Alla was given control of
 CHRONOLOGY
military affairs, and Boudiaf, "guidance and ex-
ternalaffairs."
Aug. 7: Premieribn Khidda issued a communique
transferring"all powers" of the ProvisionalGov-
ernmentto the Political Bureau. The communique
made it clear, however, that the ProvisionalGov-
ernmentwould not resign before a meeting of the
National Revolutionary Council, following the
elections next month.
Aug. 8: Algerian army officers in eastern Algeria
received from the Political Bureau the status and
power of civilian authorities.
The FrenchgovernmentwarnedAlgerianleaders
that France would not grant credits to Algeria
until she has "put her financesin order," it was
reportedin Paris.
Aug. 10: The Political Bureauorderedarmyunits to
stop collecting money from civilians and to cease
requisitioningbuildings, cars, food and crops.
Aug. 12: An agreement was reached today, the
second day of meetings in Algiers between mem-
bers of the Political Bureauand representativesof
all 6 willayas,to transformall nationalistguerrilla
forces into a unified national army.
Aug. 13: Candidatesfor the national elections will
be chosen by representativesof the 6 willayas and
membersof the Political Bureau,it was announced
in Algiers.
Ibn Balla was reportedto have declaredin an
interview with the Italian Communist daily
L'Unita that "the establishmentof a Socialiststate
is the immediateobjectiveof his newly independent
country."
Aug. 14: Col. Boumediennearrivedin Algiers under
the auspicesof the Political Bureau.
Ibn Balla met with representativesof commercial
and industrialinterests in Algiers, most of whom
were French. 'Abd al-RahmanFaris was present.
Ibn Balla promised his visitors that the Political
Bureau "would do everything in its power to
assurethe safety of businesspersonneland proper-
ty," it was reportedin Algiers.
In a statementpublishedin Le Monde, Bilqasim
Karim accused ibn Balla of "jeopardizingthe
Algerian political truce by tendentiousstatements
in the press." He was referringto the interview
with L'Unita.
Aug. 17: It was disclosed in Algiers today that
several soldiers were killed in a clash of opposing
Algerian army factions in Constantine3 days ago.
Soldiers loyal to Sawt al-'Arab, head of civilian
operationsin the area, exchangedshots with those
controlledby the military commander,Maj. Rajim
Larbi. The Political Bureau announced a com-
promiseseparatingthe civil and militaryauthorities
had been acceptedby both parties.
The Milan police announced that they had
detained JacquesSoustelle, a leader of the OAS,
who had driven into Italy from Switzerland. He
was orderedout of the country.
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483
Aug. 19: The Algerian Communistparty was re-
ported to have requested that its candidatesfor
election be included on a joint list headed by
membersof the National LiberationFront.
Aug. 20: A list of candidatesfor the Constituent
Assemblywas publishedwith more than a third of
them military officers. The Assembly will have
180 Algerianand 16 Europeanmembers.Ibn Balla
and all the other membersof the Political Bureau
except Bitat and Khidir are candidates.
In Washingtonthe State Departmentannounced
that 1,000 large tents were unloadedin B6ne for
refugees near the Tunisian border.
Aug. 22: A mass rally at the Forumin Algiers was
cancelled. Ibn Balla was to speak at it, but only
about 2,500 persons of the tens of thousands
expected showed up. The meeting was postponed
for the next day.
Aug. 23: In a series of addressesto about 15,000
people in the Forum, Political Bureau members
denouncedmilitary officersfor their resistanceto
the Bureau'sauthority. Khidir chargedthat mili-
tary officials had "occupied" the Algiers radio
station and had preventedthe broadcastof news
favorableto the Bureau. Before the rally, demon-
strations in support of both groups and a third
unaligned one threatened to take a bad turn
for the Bureau, but in the end the Bureau "ap-
peared to emerge stronger and with increased
prestige."
Aug. 24: Local military commandersserved notice
that they would oppose a dissolution of the
willayas until a permanentpolitical system had
been established by legally elected authorities.
Aug. 25: The Political Bureau announcedthat the
elections have been postponedindefinitely. It de-
clared it was "no longer in a position to fulfill
fully" its responsibilities.Meanwhile,Muhammad
Boudiaf resigned from the Bureau and charged
ibn Balla and his followers of "continuouslyvio-
lating an agreementthat made the installationof
the Political Bureaupossible."
Aug. 26: The military commanders controlling
Algiers called on the National Revolutionary
Council to meet to supplant the leaders of the
Political Bureau. The commander of Kabylia
(Willaya 3) was on hand when the declaration
was made. Late tonight, however, military com-
manders in western Algeria announced support
for ibn Balla and appealed to other commanders
to join them.
Aug. 27: The Bureau rejected the military com-
manders'proposal for a meeting of the Revolu-
tionary Council, saying that the Council would
meet a week after elections. Meanwhileibn Balla
continuedhis tour of the western part of Algeria.
He had flown to Oran yesterdayto seek support
for his leadership.
Aug. 28: The Army GeneralStaff met in Setif and
resolved to support the ibn Balla government.
It urged the soldiers of Willaya 4 to "reorganize
484 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
themselves in vigilance committees and to disobey
their officers."
In Algiers, Bilqasim Karim denounced the com-
promise agreement he had signed less than a month
ago with the ibn Balla group and accused ibn
Balla and Khidir of "seeking to establish a per-
sonal dictatorship."
Agreements defining the terms of French aid
to Algeria, including joint exploitation of the
mineral wealth of the Sahara, were signed in
Paris by Louise Joxe and 'Abd al-Rah.man Faris.
Aug. 29: In Algiers, troops of Willaya 4 opposed
men under the control of Col. Yusif Sa'adi, a
former guerrilla commander in the Casbah who is
now a follower of ibn Balla. Shooting started
when troops of Willaya 4 searched houses for
arms held by Sa'adi's men.
Aug. 30: Khidir announced a Bureau decision to re-
quest loyal army commanders to help it against
"rebels" who are obstructing it in Algiers. The
commanders controlling the city immediately an-
nounced they would "defend" the territory they
are holding "at all costs."
Aug. 31: Tens of thousands of Algerians demanded
peace and unity in demonstrations in Algiers. Of
these about 20,000 were from the General Union
of Algerian Workers.
Sept. 1: Clashes were reported between Algerian
soldiers in the interior of the country, especially
in Boghari and the neighoring towns of Sidi-Aissa
and Ain Adjallah. Following these reports tens
of thousands of civilians in Algiers demonstrated
for "Unity," at the request of officers of Willaya
4. Ibn Balla forces were reported to have entered
these towns.
Sept. 2: The Algiers Casbah was the scene of an
exchange of heavy rifle and machine-gun fire short-
ly before dusk tonight. Sa'adi and Willaya 4
followers battled for more than an hour leaving
35 dead and about 70 wounded, it was reported
in Algiers.
Sept. 3: Troops supporting the Bureau were reported
advancing on Algiers from the south after skirm-
ishes in which 10 lives were lost. They were
nearing Berrouaghia, where Willaya 4 troops
were preparing for a stand. In Oran, ibn Balla
said that troops acting under instructions from
the Bureau and Col. Boumedienne had orders to
take Algiers "at any price."
Sept. 5: Algerian leaders announced that a cease-fire
agreement had been reached to halt the crisis.
The Bureau took over command from Willaya 4.
Sa'adi was given charge of policing the city, and
arrangements for a demilitarization of the capital
were made.
Shooting continued in 3 fronts despite the cease-
fire, leaving 10 persons killed. The Bureau urged
an end to the fighting.
Sept. 6: The cease-fire went into effect tonight after
a clash in Orleansville early this morning. Elec-
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tions were tentatively set for the 16th of Sep-
tember.
Sept. 7: Elections and a formal truce between rival
factions were discussed in the capital, it was re-
ported.
Sept. 8: The UNESCO executive board announced
unanimous approval of emergency educational help
amounting to about $200,000 in response to a
request from 'Abd al-Rahman Faris.
Col. Boumedienne, at the head of 4,000 men,
marched into Blida on their way to Algiers.
The Bureau announced that elections had been
set for Thursday, September 20.
Sept. 9: Col. Boumedienne and his general staff came
to Algiers at the head of 4,000 troops of their
National Popular Army, after a 10-week march
from Tunisian and Moroccan frontiers. A rally
was held in the municipal stadium to commemorate
the entry of the "exile forces" into their capital.
Sept. 10: Muhammad Khidir flew to Paris to seek
the release of further credits destined for the
Algerian budget, and to urge French industrialists
to reopen factories that have been closed in Algeria
since independence.
Sept. 11: Ibn Balla, in a radio broadcast, announced
that the Bureau would continue to function after
the establishment of a regular government to pro-
vide it with "political orientation." He also dis-
closed the formation of a "military council" to
run the army and reduce it from its present size
of 130,000 to 30,000 or 35,000 men. The council
will be headed by Haj Ben Alla, with represent-
atives of both Col. Boumedienne and the recently
opposing Willayas, 3 and 4.
Sept. 12: Khidir left Paris for Geneva after talks
with Algerian nationalist leaders in France.
Sept. 13: The de facto government struck off from
the list of candidates for the Assembly 53 persons,
among whom was Premier Yfusif ibn Khidda. Two
Muslim members of the transitiional Executive
Council, Bila'id 'Abd al-Salam and Muhammad
Taftifa, were removed, leaving 'Abd al-Rahmin
Faris as the only Muslim member of that Council
who will sit in the National Assembly. Ibn Balla
opponents, Bilqasim Karim, Ait-Ahmad and
Muhammad Boudiaf, remain in the list.
Sept. 15: Government troops occupying the city of
Bougie withdrew without incident as a battalion
of Kabylia mountain troops took up positions out-
side the city, it was reported in Algiers.
 CHRONOLOGY 485

Cyprus Cyprioteplot for indiscriminatekilling of Greeks."

(See also, Syria)
1962
June 17: ArchbishopMakarios arrived in Nicosia
from his visit to the US and West Germany. He
also stopped in Athens on the return trip. Presi-
dent Kennedyhad assuredhim, on his departure,
of US aid in Cyprus'economicdevelopmentplans.
June 21: During a meeting of the Greek Communal
Assembly a bill was submitted for compulsory
education.
It was announcedthat a 4-membermission of
the World Bank has arrivedin Cyprusto discuss
with Cyprioteofficialsthe details of financingthe
island'selectrificationscheme.
July 2: The new FinanceMinister,Renos Solomidhis,
was swornin at the presidentialpalace.
July 5: The governmentwas reported to have re-
sponded to a 6-hour strike of the building and
road constructionworkers of the Public Works
Department with a lockout. The strikers were
protestingthe government'sawardingof contracts
to private contractorswhile the services of the
Public Works employeeswere being terminated.
July 6: The constitutionfor the amalgamationof
trade and industrial organizationsof Cyprus was
signed at the Ministry of Commerce.
July 12: It was officially announced that Greek
communalcourts have been establishedin Cyprus
to deal with civil cases affecting the Greek com-
munity, on the basis of the law on Greek com-
munalcourtsof 1962.
July 13: Representatives of tradeunion organizations
met at Episkopi with officials of British bases to
discuss the dismissalof Cyprioteworkersfrom the 1962
bases. Base authoritiesannounceda plan to reduce
the numberof personnelat the bases; thus, by the July 1: In a speech in Asmaraafter a 10-day visit
end of 1962, 400 workerswill be dismissed.
July 15: Irfan Cemal,a memberof the delegationof
the union of Turkish employees at the British
bases, left for London to talk with appropriate
British authoritiesabout the future of Turkishem-
ployees that would be affected by the personnel July 11: Lt. Gen. Naga Haila Sillasse arrived in
reductionplan.
July 31: ArchbishopMakariosreceived an assistant
directorof the Hilton Hotels Companyto discuss July 12: While the Emperor's representativein
the proposed constructionof a Hilton Hotel in
Cyprus. It was later announced that the hotel
would be built in the Ayios Paraskevisarea of
Nicosia.
Aug. 1: The Cabinetdecidedto subsidizethis year's
vineyard products with ?300,000, which is equal
to last year's subsidy. The US offer to establish
a water desalting plant was also examined and it
was agreed that preliminary surveys be conducted
to determine the technical and economic facts.
Aug. 6: An explosion rocked a northern Cyprus
village. Three newspapers had reported earlier
the discovery by authorities of an alleged "Turkish-
Aug. 29: Mr. Berkeley,a British memberof Parlia-
ment, left for London, after a 10-day visit to
Cyprus during which he had discussions with
the governmentand the electricityauthorityabout
the proposed electric power station in Moni,
Limassol.
Aug. 30: US Vice President Johnson arrived in
Nicosia on a goodwill visit.
Aug. 31: It was announcedthat the British base
authoritieshave accepteda plan, submittedto them
by LaborMinister Papadhopoulos,which provides
that all clerical employees of the bases due for
dismissal should be appointedto other equivalent
posts within the frameworkof the military and
air force services.
Sept. 3: At a meetingbetweenArchbishopMakarios
and representativesfrom the Confederation of
Cyprus Workers (SEK) and Pan-CyprianLabor
Federation(PEO), in the presenceof the Labor
Minister, His Beatitude discussed the possible
repercussionson the country'seconomyas a result
of the announcedintentionof the buildingworkers
to demandwage increases. It was agreed that the
labor leaders would reexamine the reasons for
their demands.
Sept. 12: The secretarygeneral of PEK (Panagrotiki
Enosis Kiprou-All FarmersUnion of Cyprus),
Panayotis Orfanos, stated at a press conference
that PEK "is unreservedlyin favor of the attach-
ment of Cyprus with the European Economic
Community."
Ethiopia
to Eritrea, Emperor Haila Sillasse charged that
certain"traitors,""alienpuppets"and "hypocrites"
are trying to stir up trouble in Eritreaand create
disunity between the northerregion and Ethiopia
proper.
Gondar to take up his new post as governor
general of the Bagamidir/SimeGovernorate.
Eritrea, Abiye Abebe, the administratorgeneral
and other senior officerswere talking to a crowd
of Eritreans in Agordat, a hand grenade was
thrown into the gathering, causing the death of
4 persons, wounding others seriously. Abebe was
wounded in the leg. A numberof suspectswere
arrested,it was reported.
July 25: Four more persons reportedlydied as a
result of the grenadeattackin Agordat.
July 27: A new textile mill at Bahar Dar, with a
productioncapacity of 15 million square meters
of grey sheeting a year, has been completed, it
was announced.

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 486 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

July 30: The general managerof the Telecommuni-
cations Board, and other officials,arrivedin Jima ence, that his complaint yesterday about "tardy
to select a site for a radio station.
July 31: Ethiopia and Tunisia announced an ex-
changeof embassies.
Aug. 3: It was disclosed that Ethiopian exports
during the first 3 months of this year reached July 21: Premier 'Alam presented his Cabinet to the
their highest level for this period. Eth. $81.3
million, compared with Eth. $80 m. in 1961,
Eth. $74.3 m. in 1960 and Eth. $58.1 m. in 1959.
Imports have risen at a higher rate during this
period.
Aug. 23: Three employeesof the InteriorMinistry
were reportedto have been arrestedon chargesof
supplying confidential information to a foreign
embassy.
Aug. 31: The Soviet Union will begin the construc-
tion of a large oil refineryat the Red Sea port of
Assab early in 1963, under the terms of an agree-
ment signed in Addis Ababa. It will be financed
from a $100,000,000 credit granted by Moscow
to Ethiopiain 1959.
Sept. 14: Beginning October 1, tourists will no
longer need to obtain visas before coming to
Ethiopia, it was reportedin Addis Ababa. They
will be issued one for $4 upon arrival, which
is good for 30 days.
Dr. Amini expressed regret, at a news confer-
economic aid" from the US and the cutting off of
military aid to Iran had caused "misunderstanding"
in the State Department. He had blamed these
factors for his government's fall.
Shah. He retained 8 of the previous Cabinet. The
list of the new government follows:
Assadullah 'Alam: Premier
'Abbas Aram: Foreign Affairs
Sadiq Amir Azlzi: Interior
Hasan Arsanjani: Agriculture
'All Asghar Naqdi: WUar
Ibrahim RiThi: Health
H5shang Sami 'i: Posts, Telegraph and Telephone
'Ata'ollah Khosrovlni: Labor
Abdolhossiyn Bihnia: Finance
Davad Rajabi: Roads
Parviz Khanlary: Education
Gholam Hossiyn Khoshbin: Justice
Gholam Hossiyn JahanshThi: Commerce
Nasrollah Intizam and Mas'uod For6ghi:
Ministers of State
Safi Asfia: Deputy Premier in charge of the
National Plan Organization.

The Shah ordered the new government to prepare

Iran for national elections of both houses of Parliament.
July 22: A joint communique issued in Tehran and
(See also, Afghanistan,Pakistan) Ankara, stated that the Shah had accepted the
1962 invitation of Turkish President Giirsel to visit
Turkey in November, 1962. It also stated that
June 26: A civil service tribunal sentenced to 2 the Foreign Ministers of both countries discussed
years in solitary confinementthe former chief of the progress made in implementing the resolutions
army intelligence, Gen. Haj Ali Kia, for un- adopted in the last CENTO Ministerial Council,
authorized use of government property for the which advocated an increase in the organization's
developmentof his estate. activities.
July 3: The Shah returnedfrom a 4-daystate visit to July 31: The Shah ended a 5-day state visit to
Pakistan. A communique,issued in Rawalpindi, Afghanistan, during which he conferred with King
announcedthat the Shah "expressedconcern"over Zahir Shah and addressed the National Assembly.
present Afghan-Pakistanirelations and offered his Aug. 10: In an address to the nation on Constitution
assistance to solve differences. President Ayub Day, the Shah expressed his "unshakable faith in
Khan accepted. democracy as the only type of government that can
July 9: A freight train and a packed bus collided assure the advancement of happiness of a nation."
near Garmsar,50 miles east of Tehran,killing 49 Aug. 11: The Shah ordered dropped the $250,000
and injuring29. yearly salary allowance of Crown Prince Rida this
July 18: The Minister of Agriculturetold the press year "to help the budget," it was reported
that 110 landlords in the Maragheh area had Aug. 16: Premier 'Alam said that his government
transferredtheir holdings to the government,in had reduced the budget deficit from $70,000,000 to
accordancewith the Land Reform Law. $27,000,000. The total expenditures of the revised
July 19: The Shah appointedas Premier,Assadullah budget is $787,000,000.
'Alam. He succeeds Dr. Amini, who resigned Aug. 20: According to a new Ministry of Labor plan
yesterdayin a budget crisis. The Premierretains "all factory workers in Iran will henceforth be
his post as chairmanof the Pahlavi Foundation. given a share of the profits," it was reported.
Premier'Alam told the press that Iran's foreign Aug. 25: US Vice President Johnson ended a 2-day
policy would remain unchanged. Domestically,he goodwill visit to Iran.
said, he will continue "fightingcorruption,imple- Aug. 28: In accordance with a new decree, all
menting social and administrativereforms and governors general will have more extensive admin-
carryingon land reform." istrative authority, including part of t:he respon-

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 CHRONOLOGY 487

sibilities of various central ministries as well as It was disclosedin Baghdadthat the government
the authorityto declare martial law. had no intention of buying any UN bonds.
Sept. 1: An earthquake,considered"the most severe June 21: It was announcedthat Everett Shipping
and disastrousin the nation's history," destroyed Co., BasrahSlipwayCo., AmericanEasternTankers
more than 75 towns and villages in an 8,500- Agencies and Gokal Agencies Co., have been
square-milearea about 100 miles west of Tehran, "Iraqized"under the 1960 law for the Iraqization
leaving over 11,000 people dead and about as of commercialagencies.
many injured and approximately40,000 homeless. June 22: The Consul in Dakar (Senegal), Jamil
The main disaster zone was inside a triangle IHarb,has suggested the formation of a joint
formed by the cities of Qazvin, Hamadan and Iraqi-Africancompany to operate an oil refinery
Savih. in Senegal, it was reported, to process part of
Sept. 4: Anothertremorshook Tehranand a village Iraq'sroyaltyshare of 12.5 per cent of production
in the disasterareaat 1:30 P.M. to distributeoil productsin several West African
Sept. 6: Massiverelief of food, medicineand blankets countries. The offer is under considerationby
from Tehran and many quarters of the world Ministerof Oil Salman.
continued to arrive at the disaster areas, it was Iraq and Sweden signed an agreementfor co-
reported. operation in the commercial, industrial and
The Cabinet approved the Third Five-Year technicalfields.
Development Plan, with changes effective Sep- June 24: Two physiciansremovedan assassin'sbullet
tember23, 1962. lodged since October1959, in the arm of Premier
Sept. 7: It was learnedthat the earthquakedestroyed Qasim.
most of the qanits (underground water channels June 26: It was reportedthat the Cabinethas ratified
tracedto mountainsprings, 20 to 50 miles away- the recommendationsof a Syrian-Iraqicommittee
used for water supply) in the disasterarea. Army aimed at the gradual removal of customs and
troops were deployedto restoreas many qan2tsas economicbarriersbetween the 2 countries.
possible. Iraq and East Germanysigned a one-yeartrade
Sept. 12: The Ministerof Agriculturedisclosedthat protocol to their October 1958 trade agreement.
100 villages in Azerbaijanhave been transferred June 30: Nasir al-Naqshbandi,Iraq'sleading author-
from feudal landlords to 23,000 Iranian peasant ity on Islamic coinage, died in Baghdad at the
families, since March 7, 1962. age of 62.
Sept. 13: Safi Asfia, Director of the Plan Organiza- The governmentsigned an agreementon econo-
tion, announcedthe changesin the Third Develop- mic and technicalcooperationwith Sweden,which
ment Plan which the Cabinetapprovedlast week. provides for participationof Swedish groups in
1) The budgethas been reducedby $640 million- the industrial, power, transport, communications
from $2,500,000,000 to $1,860,000,000; 2) the and town planning projects of Iraq's economic
Plan Organizationwill no longer execute projects plan. Swedenwill provideexpertsand scholarships
it designs and approves. These projects will be for trainingIraqis.
carried out by the appropriateministries;and 3) July 1: The Soviet Union and Iraq signed a protocol
the Premier,the Ministers of Finance and Com- providingfor Soviet technicalassistancein extend-
merce,as well as the Director of the CentralBank ing the Baghdad-Basrahstandard-gaugerailway
and the Plan Organization will supersede the 39 miles southwardto Umm Qasr, the new port
Higher Plan Council which has had to approve Iraq is building on the PersianGulf about a mile
projects. from the Kuwaytborder.
Sept. 14: Premier 'Alam was reportedto have dis- July 2: Al-Baydn discontinuedpublication with a
closed plans aimed at decentralizingthe govern- statementfrom MuhammadHadid, founder of the
ment and at bringing a degree of democracyto National ProgressiveParty, announcingthe party's
the provincesandvillages. suspension of political activity until the general
Sept. 15: The USSR announcedthat it had obtained situation was "treatedpolitically." This was the
a pledge from Iran that no foreign rocket bases last party licensed under the 1960 associations
would be establishedon Iranianterritory. law to ceaseactivity.
July 4: It was announced in Baghdad that the
Iraqi armyhas establisheda school to train officers
Iraq and men in nuclearwarfare.
(See also, General, Syria, Tunisia) July 5: The EconomicPlanningBoardhas approved
1962 the allocationof ID 400,000 to the Iraqi Maritime
TransportCo. for the constructionof an oil tanker
June 18: The governmenthas rescindedorders im- with a capacityof 30-35,000 tons.
pounding all the propertyof 49 membersof the July 7: IPC and its associatedcompaniespaid the
former regime, including former prime ministers governmentits 50 per cent share of oil profits,
and ministers,the ex-presidentof the Senate and amountingto ID 23,716,000.
a numberof merchants,al-Thawrahreported. July 8: Al-Ayaim reportedthat all effortshave failed

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488 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

to persuadethe leadersof the National Progressive Aug. 25: The Ministryof Educationannouncedthat
Party to resumepolitical activity. Socialist countries have granted 497 fellowships:
July 10: PremierQasim reducedthe sentencesof all 420 by the Soviet Union, 10 by Yugoslavia,20 by
military and civil prisonersand of juvenile delin- Bulgaria, 12 by East Germany and 35 by
quents by one-tenth plus an additional month to Czechoslovakia.
mark the fourth anniversaryof the revolution, Aug. 27: The first directtelephoneline with Switzer-
July 14. land was inauguratedin Baghdad.
July 12: It was reported in Istanbul that "heavy Aug. 28: The New YorkHeraldTribunewas banned
lighting" between Kurdish tribesmen and Iraqi by the Military Governor-General,Ahmad Salih
land and air forces has brokenout in Northeastern al-'Abdi. The ordersaid the ban was dictated"by
Iraq. the generalinterest."
July 14: A military parade was held to celebrate Aug. 30: The IPC's pipeline throughKurdishrebel
the anniversary of the revolution. Premier territory in northern Iraq was reported to have
Qasim addressedgraduatesat the MilitaryCollege, beencut and the oil flow halted.
during which he criticized Britain for having Sept. 1: The IPC pipeline was repairedand normal
grantedKuwayt"bogus independence";announced pumpingoperationswere resumed,it was reported.
that a nationaloil companyto exploit the country's Sept. 2: The owner of al-Insaniyaand 10 other men
oil wealth would soon be set up, and promised were arrestedand accusedof havingheld an illegal
electionsto the nationalassembly. meeting in a hotel in Baghdadduring which they
July 21: Iraq and the Soviet Union have reached allegedly distributedleaflets "calling for national
"completeunderstanding"on general world issues, dissensionand trying to reduce public respect for
Mikhail Menshikov, former Soviet ambassadorto the government."
the US, said in Baghdad before leaving for Sept. 9: Officialsourcesin Washingtondisclosedthat
Moscow. the US is offering neither moral nor material
July 28: Two new dapartmentshave been createdin supportto the Kurdish revolt in northernIraq.
the Oil Ministry, it was reported, one to deal Sept. 15: It was reported that Iraq will formally
with exploration and the other with production protestto the InternationalMonetaryFund against
operations. its acceptanceof Kuwayt as a member.
July 30: It was learned that during the past week
Premier Qasim had laid cornerstonesfor an ID
500,000 plant at Dawrah for the manufactureof
spare parts for oil equipment; an ID 250,000 Israel
hospital for government oil workers, also at (See also, General,PalestineProblem)
Dawrah; and an ID 2,000,000 oil productstorage 1962
depot at al-Za'faraniyah.
Aug. 1: Securityforces uncoveredan underground June 21: PresidentWilliam V. S. Tubnman of Liberia
Communistcell headed by a man called 'Abdallah arrivedin Haifa on a 10-dayvisit to Israel.
Sa'ud and 3 membersof the outlawed Communist June 24: Israel was reported to have offered 30
People's Union party,it was reportedin Baghdad. scholarships to the Organization of American
States for American students wanting to learn
Aug. 7: The Foreign Ministrywas reportedto have
rural planningthrough participationtype seminars
asked Arab countries for their views on the
to be conducted in Spanish in Israel later this
establishmentof a regional economicdevelopment
year.
centerin Baghdadwith UN aid.
June 25: Foreign Minister Golda Me-ir expressed
Aug. 11: A contractfor the constructionof the first hope that an independentAlgeria would not "be
stage of a crude oil pipeline from Naftkhana drawn automaticallyinto the Arabic circle of
oilfield to Dawrah refinerywas signed with the hostilityand hate"aroundIsrael.
Iraqi Oxygen Co. and the Sons of Tawfiq Qasir June 26: ConvictedSoviet spy Robert
Soblenarrived
Co. in Israel on boardan Air Franceplane.
Aug. 16: An Iraqi plane was shot down by Turkish June 29: The governmentwas reporteddeterminedto
jets 40 miles inside Iraq, killing the pilot, a gov- deport Robert Soblen to the US "as quickly as
ernmentspokesmanannounced.He addedthat the possible."
Turkish government's allegation that Iraqi air- June 30: PremierBen-Gurioncalled 4 CabinetMin-
craft had attackeda Turkish outpost 3 miles from isters for an extraordinarymeeting to determine
the border was under investigation. the legal possibilitiesin deportingSoblen. A US-
Aug. 22: MuhammadSalman,Minister of Oil, said Israeli extraditiontreaty has been drawn up but
that a representativeof the oil companiesoperating it has not yet been ratified.
in Iraq left for London for consultationswith the July 1: Yosef Schuhmacher,an abductedIsraeli boy,
boards of directors on Iraq's demand of August was found in Brooklyn, New York. The boy,
7 for increasedcrude oil productionin order to known there as Jacob Gertner, was taken into
preserveIraq's interests. custody by the Immigration authorities.

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 CHRONOLOGY 489

July 2: Yosef and his mother,Mrs. Ida Schuhmacher, July 29: The Cabinetdecidednot to let Soblenback
were reunited in New York. In Jerusalem,mean- into Israel.
while, InteriorMinister Moshe Haim Shapirowas July 30: PresidentBen-Zvi and his wife arrivedin
reportedto propose to the Cabinetthat the state Brazzavilleon a 5-dayvisit to the Congo.
drop all further prosecutionof persons involved July 31: Oppositionmembersof the Knessetheld up
in the case. the adoption of the national budget allegedly be-
July 4: Yosef and his mother arrivedin Israel. cause Cabinet Ministers refused to answer their
July 8: The chief of the securityservices said at a questions over the manner in which Soblen left
Cabinet meeting that agents of his organization Israel. A $785,800 interimbudget expires at mid-
obtained information about groups in the US, night.
Britain, Franceand Switzerlandduring their hunt Aug. 1: The governmentreceived a vote of confi-
for Yosef, that indicatedJewish religious fanatics dence, a second time in 3 weeks, with a vote of
in these countries were seeking to "subvertthe 58 to 40, arising from the expulsion of Soblen.
state of Israel." Aug. 2: El Al Airlines was reportedto be under
July 9: Motions of no confidencein Ben-Gurion's governmentinstructionsnot to acceptSoblen from
governmentfor its quick expulsionof Soblen were British authorities.
presentedto the Knesset. Aug. 3: El Al refusedto fly Soblento New York.
Chief JusticeEarl Warrenwas receivedby Presi- Aug. 6: Premier Ben-Gurionopposed a discussion
dent Ben-Zviin Jerusalem. by the Knesset of Left-Wing proposals for an
July 10: Rabbi Judah Leib Maimon, first Minister Arab-Israelinuclear disarmamentpact. He told
for ReligiousAffairs,died in a hospitalin Tel Aviv the body that the government favored complete
at the age of 87. disarmamentand the abolition of armedforces.
July 11: The Knesset rejectedby a vote of 53-28, Aug. 8: Israel insisted that the US deal directlywith
with 15 abstentions,the motions of no confidence the UK on Soblen'sdeportationto the US.
presented2 daysago. Aug. 10: The third congressof the Hebrew World
Union ended in Jerusalemwith a declarationcall-
July 13: Orthodox Jewish Cabinet memberscalled ing for a wider use of the Hebrewlanguageamong
for a halt in the search for religious zealots in- Jews outside Israel.
volved in the abductionof Schuhmacher. The Ministeryfor ReligiousAffairsprotestedthe
It was reportedthat the US Agency for Inter- productionof "Genesis"in the HabimahTheatre,
national Development (AID) has authorized a calling it "blasphemous."
second loan of $15 million to Israel, bringing to
Aug. 12: The World Conferenceon Jewish Educa-
$35 m. the total of the AID loan for capital tion began a 6-dayconferencein Jerusalem,to dis-
equipment and commodity import since last cuss the problems of Jewish education outside
February. Israel. Nahum Goldman, president of the WJC
July 15: InteriorMinisterShapirodisclaimedrespon- and LabelA. Katz, presidentof B'nai B'rith,urged
sibility for the manner in which Soblen had in Jewish communitiesto safeguard their religious
effect been turnedover to US authorities. He had and culturalgrowth by giving the "highestpriori-
not known, he said, that a US agent had boarded ties" to Jewish education.
the Israeli liner that whisked Soblen out of Lydda
Aug. 15: The establishmentof a special college in
Airport on July 1. The plane, which was bound
Jerusalemfor the training of prospectiveJewish
for New York, had to stop in London to put
educators from other nations was proposed by
Soblen in a hospital because he had stabbed
MordecaiM. Kaplan of New York.
himselfand cut his wrists.
Aug. 18: Delegatesto the educationconferencevoted
July 17: It was announcedin Tel Aviv that cost-of- to establish a bureaufor the disseminationof in-
living allowances,based on the officialprice index, formation about Jewish education, at the end of
will be increasedfrom 14.7 per cent to 22.6 per the conference.
cent of basicwages. Aug. 21: Sixty-one Israeli Arab farmers lost their
July 22: The Cabinetvoted to establish a national plea to keep land along the national conduit that
defensecollege. It will open next year. would carrywater of the Jordanto the Negev.
July 23: Israeland the IvoryCoastsignedagreements Aug. 23: Myer Feldman,PresidentKennedy'sdeputy
for a broad program of cooperation, including specialcounsel,endeda 5-dayvisit to Israel,during
cultural exchangesand technical aid. which he had talks with PresidentBen-Zvi,Premier
July 24: Deputy Defense Minister Shimon Peres Ben-Gurion, Foreign Minister Meir and other
assuredthe Israelis that everythingpossible would senior officials. Both the State Departmentand the
be done to maintainthe balanceof forces between Israeli governmentannouncedthat the visit was a
Israeland her Arabneighbors. personal one.
July 27: Formal negotiations on a possible trade Aug. 26: The Cabinetappointed4 ministersto join
agreementwith Israel by the EuropeanEconomic the World Zionist Executivein a committeethat
Communitywere deferreduntil Septemberby the will work for the absorption of Latin-American
Ministerial Council meeting in Brussels. Jews.

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490 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
Sept. 1: Counsel for Yosef Schuhmacherand his
parentswas reportedto have demandedcompensa-
tion from 8 persons for having harboredthe boy
after his kidnapping.
Sept. 2: Malaya has canceled the visas of Israeli
athletes who had been invited to compete in a
soccer tourney at Kuala Lumpurthis month, the
Israelislearnedtoday.
Premier Ben-Gurion arrived in Helsinki from
Oslo to begin a 5-day visit to Finland.
Sept. 6: Yaakov Baror, an Israeli prosecutorat the
Eichmann trial, was sentenced to 3 months im-
prisonment in Tel Aviv for having obtained by
false pretensesregistrationsas a lawyerand allow-
ances accruingto universitygraduates.
Sept. 10: On the 10th anniversaryof the reparations
agreement,Israel issued a report indicating that
West Germany has fulfilled its commitments
"faithfully." Finance Minister Levi Eshkol ap-
pealed to the UJF in New York for intensified
financial support, to alleviate the housing and
social problemsthat had arisen with the increased
immigrationinto Israel.
Sept. 11: Peter Liberman,wanted in the US on
chargesof passportfraud, asked Israeli authorities
in Jerusalemfor asylumas a Jew.
Sept. 12: The High Court of Justice in Jerusalem
issued an injunction for 9 days against the ex-
pulsion of Liberman.
Sept. 13: PremiersBen-Gurionand Olafur Thors (of
Iceland) met in Reykjavik, Iceland, where the
formeris on an officialvisit.
Sept. 15: Deputy Defense Minister Shimon Peres
said in a speechin Tel Aviv that Israel "will have
to adopt a new military doctrinein view of new
weapons now in Arab hands."
Jordan
(See also, General,PalestineProblem,Saudi Arabia,
UAR)
1962
June 17: The Royal EducationCommitteereturned
to Ammanafter a 17-weektour of Denmark,West
Germany,Britain and the US, where it studied
methods of higher education preparatoryto the
establishmentof a Jordanianuniversity. It is due
to report to the King by mid-August.
The directorof the departmentof statisticsdis-
closedat a pressconferencein Ammanthat Jordan's
nationalincome in 1960 totalled JD 93 million, or
JD 53 per capita,comparedwith JD 87 million, or
JD 51 per capitain 1959.
June 20: King IHusaynand his wife left for Europe
on a month's private holiday.
June 25: The government'sbill for an independent
judiciary was rejected at a joint session of the
Houses of Representativesand Notables. The bill
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would give priorityto qualificationsover seniority
in the promotionof judges.
June 26: A contractwith a West Germanfirmwhich
will work out a plan for an electricitygrid to cover
the whole countryin 10 years was signed under
the agreementon technicalcooperationof 1960.
June 30: Kamal al-Sha'ir, deputy chairmanof the
DevelopmentBoard, said that the Board had in-
vited internationalfirms to submit tendersfor the
final technical planning of the major Yarmuk
project.
July 2: Prime Minister Wasfi al-Tall made a statement
calling for an Arab union or federation with safe-
guards and criticizing President Nasir's attitude
towards Palestine.
July 8: It was announced that a teachers' training
college in Amman will open at the start of next
school year. Nasir al-din al-As'ad has been ap-
pointed dean of the college.
July 12: Five persons detained for communist ac-
tivities were released in a special pardon granted
after they had disowned their belief in Commu-
nism, the Prime Minister's office disclosed.
July 14: Fifty-one kms. of easy-to-join pipes sent
by America as a gift to Jordan arrived in Aqaba.
They will be used in solving the water crisis in
Jerusalem and in other irrigation schemes.
July 15: Equipment worth $50,000 from the WHO
for the Institute of Vaccines, which is being estab-
lished in Amman, arrived in Aqaba. The Institute
is expected to begin production for local consump-
tion and limited exports by the end of this year.
July 18: The government was reported to have pro-
proposed to the Arab League secretariat that joint
Arab exhibitions should be held in various parts of
the world.
July 21: It was reported that the Development Board
has contracted with the USOM for the implementa-
tion of 12 development projects in cooperation with
the government during the first half of the financial
year which began in April.
July 23: The UK paid ?1,250,000 to tSheJordanian
treasury, of which ?1,000,000 was a loan and the
balance part of the agreed British technical aid to
Jordan.
Sir Roderick Parkes was appointed the successor
of John Henniker-Major as Ambassador of Britain
to Jordan.
Aug. 5: Water began flowing from Ain al-Fawar,
near Hebron, to Solomon's Pools, throuigh the pipes
given by the US to help the water crisis in Jeru-
salem and Bethlehem.
Aug. 6. King Hlusayn and Princess Muna returned
to Amman from their European visit.
A 9-man military mission left for San't, Yemen,
to help train the Yemeni army at the request of
the Yemeni government, it was reported.
Aug. 11: It was announced that Shaykh Hamza
'Arabi, a member of the Islamic Council, died.
Aug. 13: Qasim al-Rimawi, Minister of Agriculture,
disclosed that a team of FAO experts was studying
 CHRONOLOGY 491

the possibility of using surface water in Jordan for 'Izzat Hasan, who voluntarily retired last year,
irrigation and fisheries. was reappointeddirectorof operations.
Aug. 14: Al-Difa'a and Falastin of Jerusalem re- Sept. 14: King Ilusayn inauguratedan industrial
ported that Walid Salah, president of the bar asso- school at Irbed, which was built with the help
ciation, has asked Premier Tall to cancel a ban on a of the West Germangovernment.
representative of the association attending a meet-
ing in Gaza of the Arab Lawyers' Union's per-
manent bureau.
Aug. 18: Premier Tall disclosed that 2 assassination
plots-aimed against him and other Jordanian
Kashmir
authorities-were frustrated at the same time that 1962
Morocco broke up a conspiracy to kill King
Husayn. June 22: Irelandoffered a resolutionin the Security
The Premier prohibited the employment of Council urging India and Pakistan to enter into
married women and men who had reached the age negotiations for the settlement of the Kashmir
of retirement in unclassified government posts with
problem. The USSR vetoed the resolution on
salaries exceeding JD30 a month, in order to give
Kashmirin the SecurityCouncil.
more opportunities to qualified single women and
June 24: The PakistaniMinisterfor ExternalAffairs
young men. in an addressto the National Assembly deplored
Aug. 25: The government received $6 million from the Soviet veto.
the US Aid Mission as a new payment towards June 26: K. H. Khurshid,Azad KashmirPresident,
American financial aid to Jordan. The total pay- was reportedto have said that the Russian veto
ment this year to date is $13 million out of an was a vote "of despotism, colonialism, and
allocation of $37 million. tyranny,"it was reportedin Karachi.
Aug. 28: Representatives of the Kuwayti Develop- July 6: It was reportedthat India has accusedCom-
ment Fund, headed by 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Bahr, munist China of having reversed its policy on
director of the Fund, arrived in Amman on a the status of Kashmir. An Indian note charged
week's visit at the invitation of the Developmentthat China, by having agreed to negotiate with
Board to inspect industrial centers in the country.
Pakistanon the demarcationof the frontier of the
Aug. 29: (See Saudi Arabia) part of Kashmirheld by Pakistan(announcedearly
Sept. 1: An economic mission, led by Kamal al-Sha'ir,
last May), was giving "legal and moral en-
vice-president of the Development Board, left forcouragementto an aggressorstate and prejudicing
Bonn on the first leg of a tour of West Germany, the prospects of a peaceful settlement of the
Britain and the US, to explore possibilities of Kashmirissue."
financing economic development plans in Jordan.
July 18: In a speech at Chandigarh,India, Indian
Sept. 3: It was reported in Amman that King Defense MinisterKrishnaMenonsaid that "legally,
IHusayn, in a broadcast today, allegedly accusedpolitically, morally and historicallyKashmir was
President Nasir of "meddling in Algerian affairs,"
an integral part of India and even the United
though he did not mention him by name. He also Nations had acceptedthis."
accused Nasir of "bargaining over Palestine," and
July 23: Replying to Menon's speech, the Foreign
"of tampering with the destiny of the most sacred
Office in Karachi described it as a "travestyon
of Arab causes." He referred to the agreements facts."
signed with Saudi Arabia at Ta'if and said theAug. 16: K. H. Khurshidsaid in Muzaffarabad that
motive behind the agreements was to "encourage the agreementon the transfer of West Irian to
Arab progress and energy." Indonesia "must serve as a warning to India"
Sept. 4: An official spokesman announced in Amman that "imperialism"is on its way out. He appealed
that technical committees will be formed within to Indonesia to use her good offices to persuade
the next 2 weeks to collaborate with similar India to respectthe UN decisionson Kashmir.
Saudi committees in putting into execution the
Aug. 20: It was reportedin Jammu that a hearing
agreements concluded at Ta'if. in the trial of Shaykh Abdallah was postponed
Sept. 6: A royal charter for the Jordanian University
when the prosecutiondecidedit wished to broaden
at Jubeiha was issued. There will be a 4-year the conspiracycharges against the former Prime
course in Arabic, English literature, history, Minister.
archeology, geography, philosophy, sociology, psy-
Sept. 11: It was reportedthat 300 Kashmirisliving
chology and teachers' training for high school in Britain demonstratedin front of Marlborough
graduates. House during the past 2 days, during which the
Sept. 10: France and Jordan resumed diplomatic CommonwealthPrime Ministers' Conferencewas
relations broken off at the time of Suez. held, protesting against the continued occupation
Sept. 12: Seventy-two officers of the Jordanian army
of Jammu and Kashmir by Indian forces. They
were reported to have been retired and changes also demandedthe immediate release of Shaykh
made in some top military posts. Maj. Gen. Abdallah.

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492 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

Sept. 13: The trial of Shaykh Abdallah, and 25 ment Co. Ltd., althoughit is too earlyto be certain
others, began in Jammu, 4 years after he was that oil exists in commercialquantities.
deposed. Aug. 3: The Council of Ministers will ask for
Sept. 15: The Jammu and KashmirPrime Minister, Kuwayt'smembershipin the World Bank and the
Bakshi Ghulam Muhammad,was reportedto have InternationalMonetaryFund, it was reported.
told the Indian governmentthat Kashmirremains The ConstituentAssemblyissued new;regulations
"an internationalissue, and any attemptto annul on the operation of insurance companies. Such
its special status will have far reachingrepercus- companies must be joint stock conmpaniesand
sions." foreign companiesoperating before these amend-
ments were enforced may continue to operate
provideddeposits are placed in a bank in Kuwayt
Kuwayt to cover the company's commitments,according
(See also, Jordan,PersianGulf, Syria,UAR) to a scale which has been drawnup.
Aug. 6: Reports of "tension"in the Neutral Zone
1962 between Kuwayt and Saudi Arabia were denied
by both countries. Talks continue in Riyadh,
June 19: Kuwayt celebratedthe first anniversaryof however, on the equal division of ri:ghtsto the
its independence.The Ruler orderedthe payment area, and it was learnedthat the Amir of Kuwayt,
to all state officials and employees of a gratuity Shaykh 'Abdallah,had decided to appoint an ad-
equivalentto 20 per cent of their basic monthly ministratorto the zone to join the Saudi admin-
salariesand all "good-conduct"prisonerswho had istratoralreadythere.
served two thirds of their sentenceswere ordered Aug. 11: The Ministerof Financeand Elconomy an-
to be released. nouncedthe country'sbudgetfor 1962-63 totalling
June 20: Shaykh 'Abdallah al-Salim Al Sabah at- KD 173,130,899. Allocationsinclude KD 76,500,-
tended the opening ceremoniesof Al SabahHospi- 000 for development projects, KD 47,986,076
tal. It has a 675 bed capacity. for salaries and wages and KD 48,644,823 for
June 27: Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Min- generalexpenses,includingdefense.
ister Shaykh Sabah al-Salim Al Sabah told the Aug. 12: The Deputy Minister disclosed that
Cairo weekly Akhir Sa'ah that 73 friendly states Kuwayt's bank deposits in the UK, US, West
had so far recognizedthe Stateof Kuwayt. Germany,Switzerland,Sweden and Japan amount
June 29: It was disclosed that crude oil production to ?240 million. They yield an interest of
in May 1962 amountedto 57,811,580 barrels,19.1 ?10 million a year.
per cent higher than in May 1961. The daily Aug. 14: A decreewas issued establishinga Planning
averageduring that period was 1,846,890 barrels, Board which will be responsibleto the Council
compared with 1,566,290 in May 1961. The of Ministers in drawing up the economic and
average productionfigure for the first 5 months social policies of the state and the preparation
of 1962 was 1,737,140 b/d, compared with and supervisionof various developmentprograms.
1,676,508 for the same period in 1961, an in- It is composedof the PrimeMinisteras President,
creaseof 3.6 per cent. and the Ministersof Financeand Economy,Public
July 8: Acting on the recommendationof the Works, Education,and Social Affairs and Labor
Economicand IndustrialCommittee,the Minister as members. In addition, 23 membersfrom the
of Financeand Economyhas approveda proposal private sector will be appointedfor 5-year terms
for contracting the British firm, Industrial and which are renewable.
Process Engineering Consultants, to make a Aug. 24: It was learned that a decree has been
comprehensivesurvey of the country'sindustrial issued appointing the following assistant under-
potential. secretariesin the Ministryof Financeand Economy:
July 16: It was announcedthat the governmenthas Ah.madal-Sayyid 'Umar, 'Ali al-Matruq,Haydar
bought complete control of Kuwayti Airways. al-Shihabi, Hamid al-Yfisuf, 'Abd al-Wahhab
July 17: A Tunisian delegation led by the under- Muhammad'Abd al-Wahhab and Faysal Mansur
secretaryof the Ministryof Planningand Develop- al-Mazidi.
ment, 'Abd al-Razzdqal-Raffah,left Kuwayt on Sept. 4: The Constituent Assembly approved the
its way home after preliminarytalks with the 1962-63 budget.
administratorsof the Kuwayt Fund for Arab Sept. 5: The Directorof the KuwaytiFund for Arab
EconomicDevelopment. Economic Development, 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Bahr,
July 19: Maj. Gen. 'Abdallahal-Mutlaqarrivedfrom disclosed that the Fund's capital of KD 100
Saudi Arabia to serve as commander-in-chiefof million will be increasedto KD 150 nmillion.
the Arabsecurityforcesin Kuwayt. Sept. 9: KOC announcedthat drilling of its first
July 31: The Ministryof Financeand Economyan- offshore test well has begun in Kuwayt Bay.
nounced that oil had been struck for the first Sept. 12: A delegation led by Khalifah Khalid al-
time in the 1,500 sq. mile off-shore concession Ghunaym,an ambassadorat the Foreign Ministry,
area,held by the KuwaytShell PetroleumDevelop- left Kuwayt for New York to attend the 17th

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 CHRONOLOGY 493

session of the UN General Assembly. The ques- July 9: PremierKarimi said in Beirutthat Lebanon's
tion of Kuwayti membershipof the UN will be "interestsare identical"with those of Syria "and
raisedagain,Kuwaytradioannounced. anythingthat affects it affects us as well."
Sept. 13: Kuwayt becamea memberof the Interna- July 10: The Foreign Ministry announced that
tional Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the Lebanesecitizens do not requireentryvisas for the
InternationalFinance Corporationand the Inter- UAR.
nationalDevelopmentAssociation. July 18: A joint communiqueissued after the meet-
ing of the ForeignMinistersof Lebanonand Syria
said that the 2 countrieswould cooperatein main-
Lebanon taining each other's interests. It was also reported
that joint military steps would be taken to stop
(See also, General,PalestineProblem,Syria,UAR) UAR infiltratorsinto Syria acrossthe borderfrom
1962 Lebanon.
July 26: Hazim Nusaybah,Jordan'sForeignMinister,
June 19: 'AbdallahSa'da,presidentof the PPS, told met with ForeignMinisterTaqla. The formersaid
a militarycourt trying him and others on charges that their discussions"wererestrictedto Jordanian-
of complicityin the attemptedcoup of December Lebaneserelationsand their improvement."
31, 1961, that "it was a lie to say the party did July 27: The MajorProjectsCouncilwas reportedto
not believe in the state of Lebanon."He protested have announcedthat offers will be called during
the inclusion of a document in his file saying August for the constructionof rural roads to a
that the PPS did not acknowledgethe state and total length of about 170 miles, as part of a 2-year
sovereigntyof Lebanon. plan to build some 700 miles of new roads con-
The ParliamentaryForeign Affairs Committee necting rural areas to the main highways.
debated Lebanese-Arabrelations and listened to The Fruit Marketing Board published figures
PremierRashid KarImi'sstatementwhich in effect showing a 25 per cent increase of citrus exports
defined Lebanon'spolicy of "non-interference" in and a 65 per cent increaseof apple exportsduring
the domestic affairs of neighboring states, the the year 1961/62, as comparedwith 1960/61.
anxiety for continued friendly relations, and a Aug. 4: An extraordinarysession of the Chamberof
declaration of Lebanese "democracy and full Deputies ended for lack of a quorum. The session
freedom which distinguishes it from almost all began on July 18 to pass new measuresincluding
neighboringcountries.. ." a draftpresslaw.
June 20: Nad.im Dimashqiyyah, ambassador in Aug. 7: Under an agreementwith Tapline, Lebanon
Washington,was transferredto the centraladmin- will receive $5,285,800 annuallyfor oil royalties,
istration, as director of economic and cultural comparedwith $1,189,154 under the 1952 agree-
affairs. He succeededKhalil Taqi al-din, who was ment. Signed after 7 years of negotiations, the
appointedambassadorin London. Najati Qabbani, agreement provides for a back payment of
ambassadorto Argentina, replaced IbrThim al- $12,518,518.
Ahdab as director of the political affairs section
Aug. 9: Foreign Minister Taqla appealed to Arab
in the central administration. The latter was
countriesto keep Lebanonout of their quarrels.
appointedambassadorin Washington.
June 27: The Ministryof Informationand Guidance Aug. 13: It was reported in Damascus that Syria
issued a decreesuspendingthe weekly al-Hawa41ith was considering suspending imports through
for 5 days and committingit for trial for publish- Beirut'sfree port. A SyrianMinistryof Economy
ing an article considered as defaming President spokesmansaid that Iraq and Saudi Arabia had
Qudsi of Syria. Al-Mas' was indictedfor publish- consultedthe Syriangovernmentabout their wish
ing 2 articles consideredharmful to relations be- to import through Latakia instead of Beirut be-
tween Lebanon and Syria, and al-Zamin and cause of what he describedas "obstaclesput in
al-Bayraq were asked to be tried in court for the way of importers"in these countries "by the
articles consideredoffensive to the UAR. Beirut port authorities."
June 28: The Chamberof Deputies allocated ?L Aug. 15: Iraqi and Saudi Arabian embassies in
100,000 towards the preservationof the Nubian Beirut denied the report of a joint boycott. No
monuments. official announcementconfirmedit either.
June 30: It was learned that the Ford Foundation Aug. 23: Maronite Patriarch Paul Mafishi left
had made an unconditionaldonation of $300,000 Beirutfor the US on an officialvisit.
to the IndustrialResearchInstitute of Beirut for Aug. 24: Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson left
the enlargementof its field of specializationand Beirut for Tehranafter a day's visit during which
the extensionof research. he paid an informalcall on PresidentShihaband
July 5: Import duties on medicines were abolished Prime Minister Karami.
and the duty on whisky was raised, it was re- Aug. 28: The Chamberof Deputies unanimouslyap-
ported, in a government effort "to spread the proved the agreementwith Tapline. Only 57 of
burdenof taxesmorefairly." 99 memberswere present.

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494 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
Aug. 30: The Most ReverendMafishi called on Pres-
ident Kennedy.
Sept. 5: The Cabinet approved a contributionof
?L 150,000 to the relief fund for earthquake
victimsin Iran.
Bishop Louis Batanian was elected Patriarch
of the Armenian Catholic Church, replacing
CardinalAgajanianwho resigned to devote more
time to his work in Rome as Secretaryof the
Council for the Propagationof the Faith. The
new Patriach has called himself Aghanatious
ButrusXVI.
Sept. 8: It was disclosed that Foreign Minister
Taqla was appointedhead of the Lebanesedelega-
tion to the UN General Assemblysession.
Sept. 10: The Ministryof Guidanceand Information
has decided to bring 8 daily newspapersand one
weekly to court, for violations of the new press
law.
Sept. 14: Nazim Majdalhni,a former Minister of
Justice and Deputy for Beirut, was attackedwith
a knife by an unidentifiedman outside his office.
His conditionwas describedas not serious.
Libya
(See also, General)
1962
June 18: An oil strike in Zone III, Block 65, was
reported. It was the third British Petroleum
discovery in the last 6 months. C3 flows 8,500
barrelsa day, while the other 2 have an estimated
joint productionof over 7,000 b/d.
June 19: The PetroleumCommissionwas reported
to have announcedthe completionby Gulf Oil of
well No. DD1 in Concession66 in the Hamada
plateau. The well tested at the rate of 230 b/d
of 34.20 API oil from a depth of 4,765 ft.
June 24: In accordancewith the provisions of the
Libyan Petroleum Law, BP is relinquishing 25
per cent of its Concession 63 in Tripolitania
(Zone I) and Concession64 in Fezzan (Zone IV).
The relinquishmentsfall due July 14, 1962.
June 29: It was reportedthat 9 world airlines have
offered to take up a share of ?L300,000 in the
capital of the National LibyanAirline. The gov-
ernment-sponsored company,formed 3 monthsago,
has an initial capital of ?L 1 million, 40 per cent
of which was to be raised by public subscription
in the country,30 per cent by the government,and
30 per cent by a foreign air companywhich will
startthe airlineoperating.
July 8: Libyan crude oil exports totaled 6,301,890
barrelsin June, nearlydouble the quantity(3,780,-
120) exportedin May. The increaseresultedfrom
the going on stream of the Oasis pipeline from
Dhahra oilfield to the Sidrah terminal on the
Gulf of Sirte, statistics issued by the Petroleum
Commissionindicated.
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July 14: The governmentwas reportedto have an-
nounced that it will send a delegation to the
InternationalRoad Federationtalks in Madrid to
press its case for a trans-Sahararoad to link
Tripoli to Chadand Niger.
July 16: It was reportedthat the extraordinary
budget
prepared for economic development projects in
Cyrenaicawas approvedby the legislativeassembly
of Cyrenaica. The budget, the first of its kind,
was financedfrom oil royalties for 1961-62 and
1962-63, totaling ?1,137,800, ?242,000 of which
was for agriculture,?330,000 for conmmunications,
?158,000 for public works, ?160,000 for health
and ?247,000 for various other projects.
July 28: The PetroleumCommissionwas reported
to have invited bids for oil rights in new areas
by September15, 1962, under the terms of the
amendedPetroleumLaw which provi(desthat new
concessionscan be obtainedonly by public tender.
Aug. 8: Three German firms, Deutsche Erdoel,
Wintershalland Elwerath,denied reportsthat they
acceptedLibya'samendedPetroleumLaw.
Aug. 26: Esso Libya was reportedto have made a
new discoveryin Concession6 in Syrtica. It tested
at 1,670 b/d, and was completedat a depth of
about8,040 ft.
Aug. 31: Accordingto a bulletin of the Petroleum
Commission, 7 new oil wells were brought in
duringJuly. They included3 discoverywells: for
Mobil, Compagnie des Petroles Total (French)
and Oasis VI/59, which flowed at 1,224, 300 and
1,224 b/d respectively. Of the 4 developmentor
outpost wells, 3 were completedby Oasis in their
Concession59 with yields of 6,909 b/d, 1,470 b/d
and 1,216 b/d. Amoseashad one well with a flow
of 55 b/d in their Concession47.
Sept. 7: It was announcedthat iron Ore will be
mined in Libya for the first time when a conces-
sion agreementwith a Swiss firm-now in the
final phase of discussions-comes into operation
next year. A survey of the Wadi Shott area in
the Fezzan has revealed to the Swiss company-
Afrasco-substantial deposits to justify commercial
exploitations.
Sept. 9: The PetroleumCommissionwas reported
to have announcedthat Libya's crude oil exports
in August totaled 8,393,517 barrels, as compared
with 7,314,227 barrels in July.
Sept. 14: Jotun FabrikkerA/S, of Sandefjord,Nor-
way, was reportedto be building a mrarinepaint
factory at Tripoli which will have an initial ca-
pacity of 2,000 tons a year. Productionwill start
earlynext year.
 CHRONOLOGY
Morocco
(See also, General, Algeria)
1962
June 21: The government closed the United Hias
Service in Casablanca, it was reported. The Jew-
ish organization was charged with having en-
couraged massive departures of Moroccan Jews to
Israel.
June 28: La Nation Africaine was reported to have
accused Spain of adding to the Spanish population
in the enclaves along Morocco's Mediterranean
coast by bringing in European extremists from
Algeria, and urged "the return of these territories
illegally occupied and being turned into nests of
colonialism."
June 30: It was learned that by a decree published
in the Official Bulletin, the government is author-
ized to borrow $30 million from the US govern-
ment during the current financial year.
The Soviet freighter Bolshevik Sukhanov sailed
from Casablanca after unloading some 12,500 tons
of arms, including 13 T-54 medium tanks, for
the Moroccan armed forces, it was reported.
July 7: In Paris, France signed an agreement with
Morocco to start a new program of financial and
technical aid to the kingdom.
July 9: According to the Ministry of Commerce,
Morocco will import 150,000 metric tons of sugar,
200 tons of tobacco and 100,000 cigars from Cuba
under a trade agreement signed recently in Havana.
In exchange Morocco will export fishmeal, cork,
canned sardines and foodstuffs valued at
$1,764,000.
July 12: The Moroccan press agency reportedly
charged that the Algerian army had attacked
Moroccan frontier posts in the Sahara. The dis-
patch confirmed Algerian reports that the Algerian
army had forced Moroccans to evacuate the post
of Saf-Saf, 15 miles inside what is now considered
Algeria. Seventeen members of the Moroccan
Mobile Guard were allegedly captured, in an
ambush July 9.
July 13: The Moroccan press agency again charged
that Algerian troops backed by French forces had
occupied the Saharan post of Hassi-Douis, 20 miles
inside Moroccan territory. The 17 prisoners, it
said, had been released. Moroccan sources indi-
cated that the Algerians involved were under
orders of chiefs of Willaya Five.
July 18: King Ijasan made limited changes in his
Cabinet today. Fadil Sharqawi was appointed to
a new post of Secretary of State for the Interior;
Ahmad 'Uthman, Secretary of State for Industry
and Mines; Muhammad bin Hima, Minister of
Commerce, Industry, Mines and Merchant Marine;
Cabinet Director Idris Slawi, Minister of Public
Works; and 'Abbas Bennani, Director of the
Government Development Office.
The Soviet freighter Faleshty left Casablanca
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495
after unloading 7,157 tons of ammunition for the
Moroccan armed forces, it was reported.
July 19: The General Union of Moroccan Students,
a group constituted "to rival the National Union
of Moroccan Students," was formed in Rabat.
Aug. 4: Rabat newspapers reported that secret talks
were being conducted by the Moroccan and
Mauritanian authorities to reach a compromise on
Morocco's claims to the republic of Mauritania.
Aug. 21: In an interview with a correspondent of
the Agenzia Giornalistica Italia, Foreign Minister
Ahmad Balafrej said that, with the Madrid gov-
ernment's recent reshuffle, Morocco hoped there
were "better chances of finding a peaceful solu-
tion" to the problem of Moroccan claims to the
Spanish territories of Ceuta, Melilla, Ifni and
Rio de Oro.
Aug. 30: Morocco became a member of the Inter-
national Finance Corporation, with a subscription
of 388 shares, a total par value of $388,000.
Sept. 7: It was reported that Generalissimo Franco
of Spain presided over a meeting of his govern-
ment's Cabinet council at San Sebastian to discuss
"the prospect of a new crisis" with Morocco.
Sept. 14: The Foreign Ministry denied reports that
the Soviet Union had been authorized to build
a submarine base at Alhucemas.
Sept. 15: Foreign Minister Ahmad Balafrej offered
to grant Tangier extra-territorial status if it was
selected as a site for a new UN headquarters.
Pakistan
(See also, Afghanistan, Kashmir)
1962
June 16: Tofazzal Husain, editor of Ittifaq, was
released from prison. He was arrested in February
in connection with student riots in East Pakistan.
June 19: The National Assembly unanimously
adopted a motion on the "persecution of Muslims
in India."
June 29: The International Development Association
(IDA) extended a development credit equivalent
to $18 million to Pakistan for the Khairpur
ground water and salinity control project in the
lower Indus Valley.
July 3: President Muhammad Ayub Khan "readily
accepted" the offer by the Shah of Iran to use
his good offices to bring about a rapprochement
between Afghanistan and Pakistan. The announce-
ment came at the end of a 3-day "private visit"
to Pakistan by the Shah.
July 6: Khan Abdul Qayum Khan was arrested and
detained in Lahore under orders of West Pakistan's
government, on charges of violation of Section 3
of the West Pakistan Maintenance of Public Order
Ordinance, 1960. A motion in the National
Assembly to discuss Qayum Khan's detention was
ruled out of order by the speaker on the ground
that it was a provincial matter.
 496 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
July 11: Philippine President Diosdado Macapagal
arrived in Karachi on an official visit to Pakistan.
July 14: The National Assembly approved a govern-
ment bill to allow the revival of political parties.
Opposition members failed to obtain, however, the
deletion of the clause which restricts from party
office and membership those politicians, officially
estimated about 100, who have been disqualified
from public office for alleged malpractices before
1958.
July 16: Minutes after President Ayub Khan signed
the political parties revival bill, the former secre-
tary general of the Muslim League, Manzari-Alam,
announced the revival of his party, and a few
hours later Maulana, Abulala Maudoodi, leader of
the Muslim Brotherhood, made a similar announce-
ment.
President Macapagal suggested new procedures
for the SEATO that would permit member nations
to appeal to other members individually for
assistance. In a joint communique issued at the
end of the Philippine President's visit, it was
agreed that "there was need for the Western
Allies to define their position in this region,"
(Southeast Asia).
July 19: The President ordered the appointment of
tribunals for each province for hearing election
petitions.
July 22: A communique issued at the end of the
4-day talks between the World Bank vice president
and Pakistani officials said that the Bank would
start discussions with the contributors of the Indus
Basin Development Fund to devise a modified
financial plan to meet the increased cost of the
replacement works.
July 25: The US officially pledged to make available
to Pakistan $500 million as its share of the $945
million Pakistan Consortium loan agreed to last
January, in an exchange of notes in Karachi
between US Ambassador McConaughy and Secre-
tary of the Economic Affairs Division Osman Ali.
July 30. President Ayub Khan appointed a 5-member
Franchise Commission to study the question of the
electoral system and to make recommendations for
its improvement as they find necessary, "for a
realistic representation of the people."
Aug. 6: Addressing a public meeting in Quetta,
President Ayub Khan was reported to have advo-
cated the fusion of "the three neighboring Muslim
States-Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan-into a fire on an Israeli armored car because it had
greater political entity."
Aug. 10: Ch. Mohammad Ali, a former Prime
Minister, announced his decision to return to
politics as a member of the Nizam-i-Islam Party.
Aug. 11: Pakistan and West Germany signed 3
loan agreements for a total of over Rs. 120
million.
Aug. 17: The President assigned the additional
charge of the Ministry of Education and Informa-
tion to the Minister for Agriculture and Works,
A. K. M. Fazlul Qader.
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Aug. 19: FormerPrime Minister H. S. Suhrawardy
was releasedfrom prison.
Aug. 23: Inauguratingthe Businessmen'sConven-
tion on the Common Market, in Karachi, Com-
merce Minister Wahiduzzaman said he hoped
Britain"wouldnot be a partyto any discriminatory
arrangement"against Commonwealthgoods when
negotiations with the members of thie European
EconomicCommunityresumein September.
Aug. 27: The Franchise Commission issued a
questionnaire to elicit public opinion on the
electoralsystem.
Aug. 31: A $42 million loan agreementbetweenthe
US and Pakistanwas signed.
Sept. 5: The Pakistan Muslim League adopted a
constitutionat the final session of a 2-day con-
vention. The key provision bars central and
provincial ministers, deputy ministers and parlia-
mentary secretariesfrom holding party office, it
was disclosed.
Sept. 7: The Presidentleft on a 21-daytour abroad
to attendthe CommonwealthPresidents'and Prime
Ministers' Conference in London, and to visit
Canada,the US and France. The Speakerof the
National Assembly assumedpresidentialfunctions
in his absence.
President Ayub Khan said in London that
Pakistanwas not satisfiedwith the tentativeagree-
ments reachedin Britain'snegotiationsat Brussels
to enter the ECM, it was reported.
Sept. 10: Pakistanand the US signed a long-term
loan of $31 million for the purchaseby Pakistan
of railwayequipment.
Sept. 15: The Presidentconferredwith Presidentde
Gaulle in Paris. At the Prime Ministers'confer-
ence in London,he had proposedthat the Common-
wealth countriesseek membershipwith Britain in
the ECM.
Palestine Problem
(See also, General,Israel,Jordan,SaudiArabia)
1962
June 17: Israeli officials reported thal: an Arab
"infiltrator"was killed and anotherwas wounded
last night nearJerusalem.
June 21: The Syrianarmysaid in Damascusthat its
border posts on the Sea of Galilee had opened
allegedly committed an "aggressive"act against
Syria.
June 22: UN UndersecretaryGeneral Ralph J.
Bunche, visiting in Gaza, praised the Emergency
Force there as "one of the most successfulamong
UN operations."
June 24: Syrianand Israeli forces exchangedfire for
90 minutes in northeast Galilee. No casualties
were reported.
A UN press release issued in Ammandisclosed
that a total of $452,856,000 was spent on the
 CHRONOLOGY
Palestine Arab refugees between December 1,
1948 and June 30, 1961. Of this $383,262,000
was contributed by UN members, $40 million
directly from Arab states, organizationsand in-
dividuals,and the rest from philanthropicorganiza-
tions all over the world.
June 26: President Nasir told members of the
Palestine Legislative Council in Cairo that the
problemof Palestinewas "the most difficultin the
world." He said that Palestine refugees should
not depend on relief works but on themselves.
June 27: Jordanian Foreign Minister Hazim
Nusaybah wired Arab League SecretaryGeneral
Khaliq Hassunah asking for the meeting of the
Palestine experts committeeto be held anywhere
but in Cairo. The meeting was scheduled for
July 2.
June 30: It was reportedthat Lebanonhad suggested
to the Arab League that the date for the meeting
of the Palestine experts committee in Lebanon
should be changed. The League secretariathad
apparentlyset the meetingfor July 11 in Bhamdun.
July 4: Two Israeli soldiers were killed and 3
civilians wounded in an hour-long exchange of
gunfire on the border with Jordan that cuts
throughJerusalem.
July 5: A spokesmanfor the UN Mixed Armistice
Commissiondisclosed that Jordan and Israel had
requested an emergency session to discuss the
bordershooting.
July 9: Syrian and Israeli units exchangedfire for
an hour and a half at the border. The Israelis
accusedthe Syriansof firing upon surveyorsof the
Jewish National Fund working in Israeli territory
near Kfar Szold.
July 16: Jordan and Israel decided to establish a
joint bordercommitteeto seek ways of preventing
further incidents along the border.
July 24: Palestineexperts met in Shtourato discuss
all aspects of the Palestine question, in prepara-
tion for the forthcomingUN GeneralAssembly,it
was reported. Attendingwere delegatesfrom Leb-
anon, Jordan,the UAR and Syria,the Arab League
Secretary General, his assistant, and the Saudi
Arabian Minister of State for UN affairs. A
Palestiniandelegation from Syria was in Shtoura
and presented a note to the conference asking
to be allowed to explain its views.
Aug. 8: A man was killed in a clash with an Israeli
patrol in the Negev area, it was reported.
Aug. 12: The US Agency for InternationalDevelop-
ment (AID) announced a $16.4 million Food-
For-Peace program to aid the Palestine Arab
refugees.
Aug. 13: A Jordanianwarning against Israel's pos-
sible association with the European Common
Market was issued by the Jerusalemchamberof
commerce,following an official Syrian move to
block any such association, it was reported in
Jerusalem.
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497
It was disclosed in Amman by Sayf al-din al-
Kilani, Undersecretary for Construction and De-
velopment and Jordan's delegate to the UNRWA
advisory board, that Dr. John Davis, UNRWA's
director, said in his annual report to the UN that
all plans for assimilating and absorbing Palestine
refugees into host Arab countries had met with
failure because of the refugees' insistence on
repatriation.
Aug. 17: John Davis arrived in Amman in the
course of a tour of Arab countries harboring
Palestinian refugees.
Aug. 22: A Mixed Armistice Commission spokesman
disclosed that Syria and Israel had lodged com-
plaints with the chairman of the Commission on
an exchange of fire across the truce lines, near
Lake Tiberias.
Aug. 28: The Jordanian newspaper al-Manar re-
ported that the Syrian government had issued a
memorandum to Arab governments seeking assur-
ances that the Jordanian, Syrian and Lebanese
armistice lines with Israel formed one common
border.
Aug. 29: Another Palestine Experts Conference
scheduled to open in Shtoura today was postponed
"indefinitely," it was reported. One reason given
was that the Jordanian government had not finished
studying recommendations made by the conference
here last July. The recommendations, which were
communicated to governments represented at the
conference for study before final ratification and
submission to the Arab League council, called for
a rejection of the proposals by Joseph Johnson,
made after his tour of Arab states last April
and May.
A delegation of the Palestine Arab Bureau pre-
sented a note to the Arab League Secretariat for
submission to the Palestine Experts Conference,
warning of Israeli plans to deal with the Palestine
problem at the UN General Assembly session in
September.
Sept. 8: The Jordanian Foreign Minister, Hazim
Nusaybah, returned to Amman from Washington,
after a 5-week tour of 7 Latin American countries,
where, he said, he explained the Arab position
on Palestine to heads of governments and asked
for their support, particularly at the UN General
Assembly.
Sept. 11: It was reported that Syria had called for
a pan-Arab conference to discuss the Palestine
issue in isolation from inter-Arab differences, and
adopt decisive measures to meet dangers threatened
by Israel.
An Israeli tractor was set on fire during an
exchange of fire between Syrians and Israelis in
the southern section of the demilitarized zone,
it was reported in Damascus.
Sept. 12: Syrian and Israeli troops fought this after-
noon along the eastern shore of the Sea of
Galilee. There were no casualties reported.
498 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
PersianGulf
1962
June 22: It was reported that the first shipment of
33,000 tons of crude oil from the Umm Shayf
underwater field off the Trucial Coast will be
loaded on the tanker British Signal, expected to
arrive at Das Island on July 5. The 12,000 sq. m.
offshore field held by Abu Dhabi Marine Areas
Ltd. has 9 wells, and a tenth well is being drilled.
July 2: It was reported that BP has posted an f.o.b.
price of $1.78 per barrel at Das Island for
34.0-34.9? API crude from Umm Shayf. It was
also learned that Shaykh Shakhbi:t ibn Sultan,
Ruler of Abu Dhabi, has appointed William
Clarke, formerly of the Sudan Civil Service and
UNRWA, to serve as advisor in the establishment
of a governmental agency to help plan development.
July 6: It was reported that the Japanese Arabian
Oil Co. Ltd. has completed 31 wells in its off-
shore concession in the Neutral Zone between
Saudi Arabia and Kuwayt. Well No. 30 tested as
a dual producer with a daily output of 7,580 bar-
rels; the flow at well No. 31 was 7,270 b/d.
July 11: Eleven Arab states were reported to have
accused Britain of alleged suppression in Oman
and asked for renewed debate at the UN General
Assembly in September.
July 20: The Japanese Arabian Oil Co. announced
the completion of its permanent shipping facilities
at Ras al-Khafji in the Neutral Zone.
Aug. 21: A Kuwayti mission led by Ahmad al-Bishr,
technical assistant at the Ministry of Finance and
Economy, left for a tour of the shaykhdoms of
Dubai, Sharjah, Ajmam, Umm al-Qaywayn, Ras
al-Khaymah and Fujayrah. The 2-week mission
will make recommendations concerning the most
appropriate methods of channeling Kuwayti
financial assistance to the shaykhdoms.
Aug. 24: It was reported that in a recent press con-
ference in Cairo, Shaykh Saqr ibn Sultan al-
Qasimi, Ruler of Sharjah, confirmed that he had
signed an oil concession agreement with John W.
Mecom.
Aug. 30: Mecom was reported to have taken over the
Dhofar concession formerly held by Cities Service
and Richfield.
The Saudi government was reported to have
decided to build a 150-km. road linking Saudi
Arabia with the Saudi Arabia-Kuwayt Neutral
Zone.
Sept. 5: Shaykh Saqr ibn Muhammad al-Qasimi, the
Ruler of Ras al-Khaymah, was received at the
Foreign Office in London before the beginning
of a 3-weeks tour of various industrial centers.
Sept. 14: The Qatar Petroleum Co. Ltd. produced
5,673,042 long tons of crude oil in January-
August 1962, compared with 5,472,208 in the
same period of last year, it was announced.
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SaudiArabia
(See also, General,Jordan,Kuwayt,Lebanon,
PalestineProblem,PersianGulf, Syria,UAR)
1962
June 22: It was reportedthat ARAMCO'sproduc-
tion of crude oil in the first 5 months of 1962
was 4.7 per cent higher than in the same period
of 1961: 227,793,332 barrels compared to
217,496,078.
June 26: King Safid attendeda banquetin Rome in
his honor given by Italian President Segni.
The King met with King IHusaynof Jordan
duringthe latter'svisit to Rome.
June 27: King Sa'ud arrivedin Vienna for further
medicaltreatment,it was reported.
July 4: It was reportedthat a US mission headedby
A. J. Meyer is in Saudi Arabia working on a
comprehensivestudy of the kingdorn'seconomic
developmentplans.
July 9: King Saiid arrivedin Bad Gastein,Austria,
to take furthermedicaltreatment,it was reported.
July 10: It was announcedthat Saudi Arabia had
joined the Conference of Developing Nations
(EconomicallyUnalligned Nations Conference)as
a participantnation. The conferencewas held in
Cairo.
July 15: King Sa'iid arrivedin Bad Nauheim, West
Germany,for medical treatment,it Nvasreported.
July 16: Amir Fay?al issued a decree approvinga
general amendmentof customs duties, most of
which were lowered, with the exceptionof duties
on locallymanufactured goods.
July 21: Oil negotiations between the government
and ARAMCO began at Ta'if. Reportedly the
talks would cover the OPEC recommendations on
pricing and royalty payments, as well as issues
specificallyconcerningSaudi Arabia.
July 22: A decreewas issued endorsingthe Council
of Ministers'decision to implementthe regulation
requiring all commercialagencies to be placed
under the directionand control of Saudi nationals
within a transitional2-year period, with effect in
3 months.
July 23: Saudi Arabia decided to loan ?500,000 to
a Tunis bank as the first incrementof loans to
assist Algerian refugees to obtain hard currency
in exchangefor Tunisiancurrency,it was reported.
July 26: Talks with ARAMCOwere adjourneduntil
September3, it was announced.
Aug. 1: A decreewas issued allocatingSR 25 million
from the 1961-62 budget for municipal projects
and general public assistanceand to resolve the
problem of speculationon land.
Aug. 5: The Cabinetapprovedthe Ministryof Ed-
ucation's proposal to open 100 new elementary
schools this year in the kingdom.
Aug. 6: King Satid arrived in Ta'if following his
visit to Italy, Austria and West Germany for
medicaltreatment.
 CHRONOLOGY
Aug. 7: Two decreeswere issued approvingregula-
tions for combating bribery and regulations re-
quiring governmentofficials to account for their
sourcesof income.
Aug. 8: At a press conferencefor Saudi and foreign
journalists,Amir Khalid ibn Sa'ud, Head of the
Royal Cabinet,read a press statementin the name
of the King. The statementreviewed the accom-
plishments in the domestic field since 1946 and
Saudi Arabia's relations within the Arab world.
The King criticized President Nasir for "sowing
dissensionamongthe Arabranks,for implementing
Zionist plots, and for attacking Islam and Arab
kinship." The statementcalled for a unified Arab
stand on Arab problems and particularlyfor the
restorationof Palestine.
Aug. 15: At a press conferencein Beirut, Prince
Talal allegedly attacked the present regime in
Saudi Arabia and called for a system of govern-
ment ensuringthe rights of individualsand defining
the responsibilitiesof the rulers in a democratic
and constitutionalframework.
Aug. 16: Gen. IbrThimal-Tasanwas appointedchief
of the staff of the Saudi army,advisoron military
affairs in the Royal Cabinet with the rank and
title of Minister.
Aug. 19: The Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral
Resourcesannouncedplans to establish a General
PetroleumAuthority and a PetroleumInstitute.
Aug. 30: Following three days of talks between
King Sa'ud and King H{usaynin Ta'if, a joint
communique was issued in Saudi Arabia and
Jordan. The 2 leaders agreed to: 1) act within
a unified plan to retrieve Palestine; 2) establish
a joint military command;3) coordinateforeign
policy; 4) seek to effect the coordination of
economic affairs with a view to eliminating re-
strictions on movement of persons, goods and
capital; 5) seek to achievecomprehensiveharmony
in all cultural and administrativeaffairs; 6) seek
complete cooperationin the field of guidanceand
information; 7) settle border questions immedi-
ately; and 8) invite other Arab statesto join with
them underthe presentagreements.
Sept. 2: King Sa'ud and Crown Prince Faysal were
reported to have accepted an invitation to visit
Jordan. No date was specified.
Sept. 3: Oil MinisterAhmadZaki Yamani disclosed
that a plan for a new oil body, to be called
General Petroleumand Mining Organization,had
been referred to the Cabinet for approval. He
also announcedthat the resumptionof negotiations
with ARAMCOhad been postponedto September
15.
Prince Talal charged in Cairo that there were
still 600 Americans at the Saudi airbase of
Dhahran.
Sept. 13: France and Saudi Arabia resumed diplo-
matic relations.
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499
Somalia
1962
June 19: Following the Cabinet's approval of a
diplomatic exchange, the Austrian ambassadorto
the UAR arrivedin Mogadishu.
June 20: The UAR and Somalia agreed to increase
the implementationof the trade and economicaid
agreementbetween the 2 countries.
June 27: The Pakistaniambassadorto Somaliapre-
sented his credentialsto the Minister of Foreign
Affairs.
July 16: Forty-fiveUS PeaceCorpsmembersattended
an officialreceptionin their honor, following their
arrivalin Mogadishu2 daysago.
Merlin Grove, a Canadian who was acting
director of the Somalia Mennonite mission, was
stabbed to death and his wife was critically
injured by a Somali religious fanatic, it was
reported.
Aug. 31: Somalia became a memberof the Inter-
national Monetary Fund, the World Bank and
the InternationalDevelopmentAssociation.
Sudan
1962
June 22: It was reportedthat 2 more cargoships will
be built in Yugoslavia for the Sudan Shipping
Co., under a contract signed in Belgrade last
week.
June 23: PresidentSekou Toure of Guinea arrived
for a day of talks with President 'Abbuadin
Khartum.
June 29: Two delegates from the IBRD arrivedin
Khartumfor preliminarytalks in connectionwith
an applicationfor a loan to the AgriculturalBank
to help finance an irrigation scheme in an area
of 750,000 acres which will be brought under
intensive cultivation after the completion of the
Roseiresdam.
June 30: The Council of Ministerswas reportedto
have approved an education plan costing ?S4
million, providing for the construction of 12
secondaryschools, 10 intermediateand 25 elemen-
tary schools by the end of 1963, in addition to 4
technicaland tradeschools.
July 1: Army Chief of Staff Hasan Bashir Nasr left
on a 2-week visit to the Soviet Union, it was
reported.
July 7: It was announcedby FinanceMinister 'Abd
al-Majid Ahmad that increasedrevenue and ex-
penditure are expected but no increases in direct
or indirect taxes are planned in Sudan's budget
for the financial year 1962/63 (from July 1).
Estimates show the budget to be up by over ?10
million sterling on the previous year, both in
revenue and in expenditure, these being ?52
million and ?61 million respectively.
500 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
July 12: Referringto a recentpressreportin London,
the Minister of Information,MuhammadTal'at
al-Farid, denied that Sudan was "practicingor
was connectedwith any slave trade."
July 14: India led the list of Sudan cotton buyers
during the last 6 months, it was reported,during
which she bought 80,000 bales. Eastern bloc
countriescontinuedto competefor the lead. The
year's cotton crop totalled 1,130,000 bales, double
last year's.
July 21: The Gezira Board was reported to have
sold to date 248,522 bales of cotton at the local
auctions, and about 60,000 bales of the Tokar
crop.
July 27: It was disclosed that the latest statement
of the Bank of Sudan shows the value of foreign
exchange reserves held by it on June 30, 1962,
at ?S 54,079,542. This compareswith ?S 60.8
million a year earlier and ?S 53.2 million at the
end of 1961.
Aug. 15: The Industrial Bank of Sudan, set up
nearly a year ago, started its operations. It was
createdto promotenew privatelyowned industries
and to assist in the expansion of existing fac-
tories, by conductingresearchinto suitablefields of
industry and making loans where required. It
will charge a rate of interest of 7 per cent on
2 to 6 year loans and 3 per cent for long-term
loans. The governmenthas taken up a subscrip-
tion of ?S500,000 of the authorized capital of
?S3 million to start the bank's operation. The
balance will be offered to private subscribers.
Meantime,foreign loans will be raised to create
a foreign currencyfund for industrialimports. The
US has just approvedin principlea loan equivalent
to ?S2 million.
Aug. 24: Nine firms-British, West German,
Japanese, French, Belgian and Polish-have sub-
mitted offers for the construction of Sudn's
second sugar factory at Khashm al-Girba,it was
disclosed. In late June the first factoryat Guneid
was put to operation at the rate of 20,000 tons
of refinedsugara year.
Aug. 25: It was disclosed that up to 315,356 bales
of cotton had been sold at the local auctions to
date, leaving the Gezira Board with over half of
its 1962 cropto sell.
Sept. 10: The Minister of Finance and Economy,
'Abd al-Majid Ahmad, announceda 10-year de-
velopment plan which will cost ?S 512 million.
A total of ?S75 million will be spent on subsidies
and ?S 285 million on developmentand construc-
tion.
Sudan'sfirst trade and paymentsagreementwith
Albaniawas signed in Khartum,providingfor the
purchase of hides and skins, raw cotton, gum
arabicand maize in exchangefor Albaniantobacco,
textiles, tinned fruit and other goods.
Sept. 14: It was disclosedthat the UN SpecialFund
has agreed to assist the Sudan in a survey of the
country'spotentialpower resources.
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Syria
(See also, General, Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine Problem,
UAR)
1962
June 17: It was officially announced that Syria has
tentatively agreed to the building in Damascus of
an international pipeline carrying natural gas to
Western Europe. The agreement with Meurogas
Holdings Ltd., which is registered in Monrovia,
Liberia, will yield $4,500,000 in transit royalties
per year.
It was reported in Damascus that the govern-
ment had "tightened control measures" along its
border with Lebanon because of alleged "suspicion
of UAR agents operating in the area."
June 20: The Cabinet was reshuffled and vacancies
were filled. The new Cabinet is:
Bashir al-Azmah: Prime Minister
'Aziz 'Abd al-Karim: Interior
Jamal al-Farah: Foreign Affairs
'Abd al-Wahhab al-'Aqqad: Agriculture
Rifa'at Zurayq: Social Affairs and Labor
'Umar Shakhashiru: Culture and National Guid-
ance
'Abd al-Salam al-Ujayll: Information
George Khfirl: Finance and Economgy
'Abd al-Karim Zahir al-din: (Responsibility for
Defense Ministry)
Rashad Barmada: Deputy Premier, Education
Ri'ad al-Midani: Municipal and Rural Affairs,
Supply
Rashid Humaydan: Justice and Waqfs
Ihsan Rifa'i: Health
Ahmad 'Abd al-Karim: Agrarian Reform
Robert Ilyas: Public Works
June 22: A Bulgarian cultural mission led by the
Minister of Culture and Education arrived in
Damascus for talks on an agreement with Syria.
June 23: Prime Minister Bashir al-Az:mah appealed
for non-interference in his country's affairs and
said Syria was determined to realize the Arab
national aspiration of union. Speaking at a press
conference in Damascus, he also said that the mission
of his Cabinet was to "release and organize public
freedoms, lift the ban on political parties, reorgan-
ize political life under entirely new decrees and
hold general elections."
June 24: It was reported that "a number of
politicians and former members of the National
Assembly" submitted a petition to President
Nazim al-Qudsi, demanding the "restoration of
parliamentary democratic life as the only means
of ensuring stability and prosperity for the
country."
June 25: The text of the petition mentioned above
was published. It urged the President to conduct
 CHRONOLOGY 501

early discussions with Cairo on Syrian-Egyptian provide the company with benzine processed by
union. It also demandedthat the people should be the Homs State Refineryin return for gas oil.
given a chance to express their views "freely"in July 10: The Ministry of Economy abolished all
a plebiscite. restrictionson the entry into and exist from the
Former Information Minister 'Abd al-Da'im, country of Syrian currencynotes and gold and
who resignedfrom the previousCabinet,stated in precious metal, both in bullion and coin, and
Damascus that he left because "it had become allowed unrestricteddealing in them.
difficult to pursue the mission, aiming at union July 13: A bomb exploded in Homs tonight, and
with Egypt," for which the present government damagedthe house of a memberof the regional
came to power. leadership of the Arab Ba'th Socialist Party in
June 26: Referringto the petition of June 25, the Syria.
Minister of Interior, 'Aziz 'Abd al-Karim,gave a July 14: The Minister of Social Affairs and Labor
warning against political and partisan activities disclosed that the election of executivesfor trade
before the government had completed and pub- unions and the General Federation of Trade
lished decrees organizing such activities. Unions would take place "very soon" after the
June 27: The Ministryof Economyauthorizednon- Ministry had completed instructions concerning
Arab companiessubscribingmore than 25 per cent the electoral operation. The new law provides
of the capital of any Syrian bank to dispose of for elections within 3 months, and in the mean-
sharesin excess of 25 per cent. Individualholders time a 7-man provisional executive has been
of shares representingmore than 5 per cent of appointed. It was also learned that the strikers
the bank's capital or having a nominal value of in Damascusand in Aleppo had resumedtheir jobs
?S175,000 must relinquishthe surplusshareswhen after signing a declarationdrawn by the Ministry
they are unfrozen, it was revealed. of Laborin which they acceptedresponsibilityfor
Syrian and Lebanesearmy officersheld a meet- any damage to the factories as a result of any
ing at Bloudan, 50 kms. from Damascus,and dis- future strike in which they took part.
cussed "security,"the Defense Ministry said. The Minister of Labor announcedthe release
June 28: Syria signed a cultural cooperationagree- of about 300 people who had been arrestedduring
mentwith Bulgaria. the last 24 hours on charges of instigating dis-
July 1: The Minister of Industry,RobertIlyas, said orders.
that his office was studying the possibility of ex- July 15: Severalbombsexplodedin Aleppo. A wall
ploiting phosphatesrecentlydiscoveredin al-Hiara surrounding the tuberculosis sanitorium was
area. damagedand windows of neighboringhouses were
July 4: A decreewas issued setting up a committee smashedwhen 2 bombs exploded near the hospi-
in each governorateto judge dismissalsof workers, tal. Another bomb was planted in a cemetery
in order to protect them from arbitrarydismissal in the Khallassa district. A flaming rag was
or dismissal because of trade union activity or thrown into a passenger-ladenbus as it drove
non-membership of a trade union. through Khallassa. Securityforces arrested9 sus-
July 6: It was reportedthat the governmenthas con- pects.
cluded 2 agreements for technical assistance in July 16: In Homs three bomb explosions were re-
agriculture. The RussianTechno-Exportwill help ported. Therewere no casualties.
with the development and equipment of 3 re- July 17: It was reportedin Damascusthat 9 men
search centers for irrigated cultivation,arid lands were arrestedin Homs. They included Lutfi al-
and afforestation. West Germany will help in Khass, presidentof the Homs municipalityduring
researchto improve sheep and cattle breeding. the merger with Egypt, and 4 lawyers: Hassan
July 7: Two factoryworkerswere killed when police Murad, Makram al-Jandali, Haydar al-Hajji and
clashed with strikersin Aleppo, who were "pro- 'Abd al-Majid al-Tarabulsi. The other four de-
testing against recent labor legislation." tained were described as "leaders of the pro-
July 8: Ministerof InformationUjayli said that the Nasir trouble-makers."
Aleppo troubles were "links in a chain of sub- July 18: The Minister of Interior announcedthat
versive acts which includedassaultson politicians." 350 people detainedduringthe recentdisturbances
He warned the people against "conspiracies." had been released. Only 120 persons remained
July 9: Factories of the Khomassia. Spindles and underarrest,he said.
Looms and al-Dabs companiesin Damascuswere July 19: Eighty-sixDamascuslawyershandeda note
idle as their workers struck in support of the to PresidentQudsi and the Prime Ministercalling
Aleppo strike. The government dissolved some for the publicationof the names of former intel-
trade union organizations,including the executive ligence officers who served under the former
council of the Trade Union Federation,and ar- regime "so as to clear the state administration"
rested the strike leaders. of what they describedas "Nasserites."
The General PetroleumAuthorityannouncedin Jamal al-Farah, the Foreign Minister, said in
Damascus the conclusion of an agreement with Damascus that the Lebanese Foreign Minister,
Royal Dutch Shell under which the authoritywill Philip Taqla, had agreed in principle at a

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502 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
meeting in Bloudan 2 days ago to the increase
of trade between Syria and Lebanonand partic-
ularly to provide Lebanonwith Syrian wheat at
the lowest possible prices.
July 21: The first issue of the weekly newspaper
al-Ba'th,run by several leaders of the Arab Ba'th
Socialist Party, including Michel Aflaq, Salah
al-Bitar and Jamal al-'Atdsi,made its appearance.
July 23: A man and a woman were killed when a
car loaded with explosivesblew up in a Damascus
market. The night before, it was learned, 2
bombswere explodednearthe Ministryof Informa-
tion and the Parliamentbuilding.
July 24: The Syrian currencywas devaluated,from
a US $1 cost of ?S3.57 to ?S3.80.
July 25: The governmentreleasedthe full text of a
bill reorganizingpolitical parties in the country,
inviting the public to discuss the bill before it
became law. The bill specificallybanned parties
advocatingracial, doctrinalor regional discrimina-
tion and those with names referringto a race or
religious doctrine.
The Cabinet repealed a decree giving military
commandersfull control of their areas, a measure
which had been in force since the March 28
coup.
Security authorities announcedthe arrest of a
Syrianwho workedfor the intelligencedepartment
during the union. He had leaflets allegedly "in-
citing disorderand sabotage."
Ahmad 'Abd al-Karim, Minister of Agrarian
Reform, distributeda total of 18,280 dunums of
land seized under the agrarianreform law to 5
villages in Homs.
July 26: The Ministryof Economylifted all restric-
tions on non-residentand frozen accountsbelong-
ing to citizens of Lebanon, Iraq, Saudi Arabia,
Jordan, Kuwayt, Yemen, Aden, Persian Gulf
shaykhdoms,Iran, Turkey and Cyprus. It also
authorized banks in Syria to accept deposits of
foreign currencyfrom non-residentsprovided that
the banks make monthly returns of such deposits
to the exchangecontroloffice.
July 28: Syria called for an "urgentsession" of the
Arab League Council to study and act on its com-
plaint of "flagrantinterference"in Syria'sdomestic
affairsby PresidentNasir, a governmentspokesman
in Damascussaid.
Aug. 7: The MahradaDam on the Orontes River
was officiallyinaugurated.
Aug. 8: During the course of a tour of the
governorateswhich he started3 days ago, President
Qudsi called for "nationalunity to face imperialist
designs." In the meantime, it was reported in
Cairo that the League Council was holding a
series of talks to decide on a time and place for
a meetingto hearthe Syriancomplaint.
Aug. 9. It was officially stated in Damascus that
consultations for tripartite talks with Iraq and
Turkey concerning the use of Euphrateswaters
were being held.
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Aug. 13: A technical bureau to superviseindustrial
cooperationbetween Iraq and Syria was reported
to have been set up at the Ministry of Industry.
Five personswere seriouslywounidedin a clash
between al-Makayed and al-Manasser tribes in
Karfa, Hauran district. Securityforces said "old
feuds"causedthe clash.
Aug. 14: Talks for a cultural agree;mentbegan in
Damascuswith a Soviet delegationwhich arrived
2 days ago, Minister of Education Barmada
announced.
Aug. 15.' Ahmad 'Abd al-Karim,Ministerof Agrar-
ian Reform, distributed land title deeds in 23
villages in Aleppo to 690 families. Land dis-
tributed included 73,785 dunums in 16 villages,
taken over in accordancewith the agrarianreform
law, and 56,410 dunumsin 6 villages which were
state property.
The West German ambassadorin Damascus
handed a note on the West German attitude to-
wards an Israeli bid for association with the
European Common Market to Foreign Minister
Jamal al-Farah. No details were disclosed.
Aug. 18: The Cabinetsubmittedto the Presidenta
draft decree nationalizing all mechanized flour
mills in the country. The measure was intended
to prevent double administrationwhich resulted
from partial nationalizationduring the union with
Egypt,an officialsourcesaid.
Aug. 19: A new culturalagreementwas signed with
Russiato replacethe 1956 pact.
Aug. 20: Discussions were held with Lebanese
Foreign Ministry officials in Damascus regarding
the delay to which travellers were subjected at
Lebanese frontier posts when travelling by road
from one countryto the other. Lebaneseofficials
had stressedthe delay was caused by the applica-
tion of a new law on entry to Lebanon,residence
in the countryand exit from it.
Aug. 22.' As the League Council met in Shtoura,
Lebanon, members of the Syrian opposition re-
solved to call off opposition to PremierAzmah's
governmentuntil the end of the Council meeting.
Aug. 24. Twelve membersof the Iraqi Industrial
Federation arrived in Damascus for talks with
Syrian industrialistson trade exchanges and the
establishmentof joint Iraqi-Syrianindustries.
Aug. 25: Twenty-twonations were reportedrepre-
sented in the 9th Damascus InternationalTrade
Fairwhich openedtoday.
Aug. 27: The UAR military attache in Beirut, Lt.
Col. Zaghlul 'Abd al-Rahman,fled to Syria and
declared himself a "political refugee." At a
press conferencehe claimedmembershipin a secret
organizationincluding officers, university profes-
sors, politicians,intellectualsand students, "strug-
gling against the existing regime and against
dictatorship."
A decree announcedthat diplomaticrelationsat
embassylevel will be establishedwith Algeria.
Sept. 1: The Ministerof SocialAffairshandedwork-
 CHRONOLOGY 503

ers the deeds of propertyof 150 modernpopular
housingunits at Aleppo.
Sept. 4: The 40 mechanizedand semi-mechanized
flour mills in Syria were nationalized in a July 14: Ahmad ibn ~alah, the Minister of Finance
presidentialdecree issued in Damascus today.
Sept. 6: A meeting attendedby 127 formerdeputies
was held at the residence of former Premier
Khalid al-'Azm. It called for the restorationof
constitutionallife in Syria.
Sept. 8: It was reported that 25 Syrians were
wounded, 4 seriously, when a time bomb ex-
ploded in an open-aircoffee house in Hama.
Sept. 10: Syria and Saudi Arabiaexchangedratifica-
tion documents,putting into immediateeffect an
expanded trade agreement, it was reported in
Damascus.
Sept. 13: Khalid al-'Azmwas askedby the President July 20: Franceand Tunisia announcedthe resump-
to form a new government.A letterrequestingthis
was sent to Khalid al-'Azm'shouse where a meet-
ing of deputies was taking place. He was given
a vote of confidence by 156 out of the 157
deputies, on the basis of the policy statementhe Aug. 8: The TunisianAmbassadorin Iraq, al-'Arusi
had delivered to them. He announced 1) top
priority for the Palestine question and a pledge
to work for Arab unity; 2) complete neutrality,
respectof the UN Charter,work for the preserva-
tion of world peace, good relationswith all coun-
tries and the conclusion of trade agreements;3)
ensuring democracyand public freedom in Syria;
and 4) maintenanceof existing laws on agrarian
reform and the rights acquiredby workers,social
justice for all and the safeguardingof the national
heritage.
Sept. 14: It was learnedtoday,one week after several
meetings of former deputies in Khalid al-'Azm's
house, that Premier Azmah's governmenthad re-
signed. It was also learned that Parliamentary 1962
Speaker Ma'miun al-Kuzbari had resigned on
September9 and that Sa'id al-Ghazi had taken June 16: PresidentGiirsel disclosed in Istanbulthat
his place.
Tunisia
(See also, General,Algeria,Ethiopia,Kuwayt)
1962
June 16: PresidentHabib Bourguibasaid in an inter-
view with the French Radio that diplomatic
relations between Tunisia and France "might be
renewedvery soon."
June 28: French authoritiesbegan to hand over to
Tunisia about $200 million worth of installations
in the southernpart of the Frenchbase at Bizerta, June 25: nnii succeeded in forming a coalition
it was reportedin Tunis.
July 7: It was announcedin Tunis that Tunisia and
Guinea have agreed to establish diplomatic rela-
tions at the ambassadoriallevel.
July 12: PresidentBourguibaopened Tunisia's first
sugar factoryand refineryin Beja. The factoryis
expected to meet the country's sugar needs of
80,000 tons next year.
and Planning, left Tunis for Britain on a 5-day
officialvisit for the purposeof improvingrelations
in "economic,social and industrial cooperation."
A delegation of 4, headed by the Director of
the Budget, 'Abd al-Salimibn 'Ayad, left for Bel-
grade for talks on economic cooperationbetween
TunisiaandYugoslavia.
July 19: Bahi Ladgham,deputy to the President,
conferredin Paris with President de Gaulle and
Foreign Minister Maurice Couve de Murville.
The major topic of discussion was the
status of the naval base at Bizerta.
tion of diplomaticrelations. Ladghamwas reported
to have succeededin obtaining an "unconditional
commitmentfrom France to evacuatethe Bizerte
base."
al-Matwi, arrivedin Tunis from Baghdadfollow-
ing Iraq's decision to withdraw her ambassador
from Tunis. The decision followed the establish-
ment of diplomaticrelations between Tunisia and
Kuwayt.
Aug. 15: Munaji Salim was namedForeignMinister
to succeed 5adduikMuqaddam,who will move to
anothergovernmentpost.
Turkey
(See also, Cyprus,Iraq,Syria)
the Soviet Union "urgedTurkey'smilitaryleaders
to remain in power after the May 27, 1960
coup." He added the suggestionwas accompanied
by an offer of $500 million in economicaid.
June 18: Premier-designateIsmet tn8nii officially
informedPresidentGiirsel of failure in his 2-week
effort to form a new coalition governmentto re-
place his Cabinetthat collapsedMay 30.
June 21: PresidentGiirsel, in a communiqueread
over the Ankararadio, said that "underthe present
circumstancesin the countryI have found In6na's
resignationunsuitable,"and predictedthat a new
governmentwill be formed in a day.
June 24: It was announcedthat 15 persons were
drownedin the coastalareaof westernTurkeydur-
ing weekend floods caused by heavy rains.
Cabinet, composed of 12 representativesof the
RepublicanPeople'sParty,6 from the New Turkey
Party, 4 from the Nationalist PeasantsParty and
one Independent. The Premier named the fol-
lowing as Deputy Prime Ministers and Ministers

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504 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

of State: Turhan Feyzioglu,EkremAlican, Hasan July 17: The heirs of AdnanMendereswere officially
Dinser. Appointedas Ministersof State are: Rauf notified to pay 4,500,000 lira to the Treasury
Aybar, Hifzi Oguz Bekata and Necmi Oktem. Departmentwithin 5 days, in paymentof govern-
The rest of the Cabinetfollows: ment funds that the late Premierhadlmisused.
July 24: Turgut Menemencioglu,new Ambassador
AbdulhakKemalYorik: Justice to the US, presentedhis credentialsto President
IlhamiSansar: Defense Kennedy.
SahirKurutlouglu:Interior July 27: In Istanbul, 2,000 Turkish high school
FeridunCemalErkin: ForeignAffairs students demonstrated, demanding of Premier
Ferit Melen: Finance tnbnii to listen to their complaint that the en-
SevketRasitHatipoglu: NationalEducation tranceexaminationfor the gendarmerieforces were
Muhlis Ete: Trade allegedly "misconducted."There are 320 openings
Ilyas Seckin: Public Works in the corps.
Yusuf Azizoglu: Healthand Social Welfare It was reported that the Council of Foreign
OrhanOztrak: Customsand Monopolies Ministers of the EuropeanEconomic Community
MehmetIzmen: Agriculture (EEC) has agreed to open formal negotiations
Rifat Osten: Transportation with Turkey with a view to establishing an
Biilent Ecevit: Labor eventual customs union after a transitionalperiod
Fethi Celikbas: Industry duringwhich she will graduallyadjusther customs
Celal TevfikKarasapan:Press, Broadcastingand tariff. Turkey is seeking immediate safeguards
Tourism for her exports of tobacco and other agricultural
Fahrettin Kerim Gokay: Construction and goods, and financial aid of up to $300 million
Housing a year during the next 5 years. The latter, it was
decided, will be discussed within the framework
The new government was formed following of the OECD rather than an association agree-
agreement by the 3 parties on an amnesty for ment.
political prisoners. These prisoners will be Aug. 9: It was reportedthat an "Aid for Turkey"
pardoned next October, it was reported. Consortium has been formed to help Turkey
June 27: The Cabinetheld its first meeting. achieve its long rangeeconomicdevelopmentplans.
June 28: The public prosecutorin Istanbul filed Aug. 15: The Defense Ministryreportedthat Iraqi
formal charges that Ahmet Emin Yalman, pub- war planes attackedborder areas today killing 2
lisher of Hfir Vatan had, on June 19 and 20, Turkish soldiers and wounding another in a
published "provocativearticles" that violated a morning raid and causing heavy damage in an
recently enacted law. Vatan's editor, Oguz afternoon attack, in Semdinli Township, Hakari
Toktamis,was chargedas co-defendant. province.
an
July 2: PremierIn6nii presentedthe programof his Aug. 16: Turkish jet fighter planes shot down
Iraqi jet fighter near 4 miles from the
Rubaruk,
governmentto the National Assembly. Aside from
the political amnesty agreement,he added plans Turkish-Iraqifrontier, it was reportedin Istanbul.
for economic and social development,which will Aug. 17: Turkey chargedthat Soviet borderguards
be given first priority. All state investmentswill fired on Turkishtroops 3 days ago in the frontier
be madewithin the termsof a 5-yearprogramaim- area northeastof Kars, setting off half-hour ex-
ing at a 7 per cent annualincreasein the national changes of rifle fire. No casualtieswere reported.
income. Aug. 20: The Foreign Ministry announced that
Turkey would withdraw jet fighter patrols from
July 5: Osman Boliikbashi, leader of the Nation
the Iraqi frontier region "in the interest of good
party, said in the National Assemblythat amnesty relations."
to all political prisoners should be given, rather neighborly
The government has decided to recall
than the limited amnesty proposed by the new Aug. 23:
Seyieddin Turagay, its Ambassadorin Iraq, "to
government. The proposal was met with an
completehis unfinishedleave," it was reportedin
"uproar"which lasted 10 minutes.
Ankara.
July 7: The new governmentwon a vote of con- Aug. 26: US Vice President Johnson arrived in
fidence in the Chamberof Deputies with a vote Ankara on a 4-day visit as part of his goodwill
of 259 to 135. tour of MiddleEasterncountries.
July 12: Changesin the higher ranks of the army, Aug. 27: Vice President Johnson told Turkey's
involving the transfer or reappointmentof 11 leaders that the US would help support their
generals,were announcedby the Defense Ministry. long-rangeeconomicplans and effortsto modernize
July 15: In a nationwide radio broadcastPremier defenses against the neighboringSoviet Union.
Inbnii assuredthe Turkish people that the armed Sept. 5: A series of tremors shook northeastern
forces were united in opposing any kind of move- Turkey today, killing one person and injuring 22
ment that could in any way threatenthe nation's in Igdir. Communicationswith several near-by
democraticregime. villages were cut.

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 CHRONOLOGY
Sept. 8: Ankararadio said that about 5,000 houses
had been made uninhabitableby the earthquakes
that hit Turkey during the past few days.
The Foreign Minister threatenedto break off
diplomaticrelationswith Bulgariaunless there was
a change in the alleged "oppressiveattitude" of
the Bulgarian government towards the Turkish
minority.
Sept. 14: The US Agency for InternationalDevelop-
ment (AID) has granteda loan of $13.3 million
to Turkeyto assist in increasingthe electricpower
supply to Istanbul,it was reportedtoday.
UnitedArabRepublic
(See also, General,Jordan,Lebanon,Palestine
Problem,SaudiArabia,Syria)
1962
June 17: Musa 'Arafa,Ministerfor the High Dam,
arrivedin the Soviet Union to discussfuture work
on the dam. Earlier this month, a contractwas
signed for the supply of equipmentfor 6 tunnels
and a power plant worth ?E2.5 million. It was
also learned that Minister of Economy Qaysiini
was in Moscow to join in the final phase of the
talks for the conclusion of a long-termtrade and
paymentsagreement.
June 18: A delegation headed by MahmuidLutfi,
directorof the General ExchangeControlDepart-
ment, left for Warsaw to negotiate a $20 million
credit offered by Poland. The proposedagreement
will cover purchasesof Polish capitalgoods, repay-
ment for which is expected to be by instalments
in the form of UAR exports.
June 19: Al-Ahram reported that President Nasir
will make a 3-week tour of the UAR, starting
July 10, to mark the anniversaryof the revolu-
tion. He is expected to explain the new national
charterto people in towns and villages.
June 21: The National Congress session was post-
poned for one week until June 30, reportedlyto
"allow the formulation committee time to con-
sider the many thousands of suggestions and
amendmentsit had receivedfrom all parts of the
country."
June 23: The UAR signed a 150 million ruble 3-year
trade agreementwith the Soviet Union, effective
January 1, 1963.
June 25: PresidentNasir was reportedto have said
that his governmentwas studyinghow to "integrate
the armywith the people."
June 29: The UAR said it had brokenup a Middle
Easterncurrencysmuggling ring. The government
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505
accused a Jordanian army officer and a Saudi
Arabian diplomat of complicity. A number of
Syrians,Saudis and Egyptianshave been arrested
in Cairo and charged with smuggling Egyptian
poundsto Lebanonand Kuwayt.
The governmentannouncedan estimated "rec-
ord" budget of ?E2,352,000,000 about $6,776,-
000,000, with the defense figure given as ?E141,-
000,000.
It was learned that under a new agreement
signed last week with Yugoslavia, future pay-
ments will be made in foreign currenciesinstead
of the Egyptianpound as providedin the payments
agreementof June 1957. This is supersededby
the new agreementvalid for 4 years and sets a
target of ?E12 m. a year each way for future
tradeexchanges.
June 30: A protocol to the trade and payments
agreementwith Greece was signed, providing for
payments in dollars and for arrangementsper-
mitting Greek ex-residents to transfer up to
?E5,000 from their funds in the UAR and to
receive further instalmentsin the future as part
of the Greekcreditbalance.
The National Congressmet and approvedPresi-
dent Nasir's charterwith some amendments.
July 1: The Cairopress carriedreportsthat the UAR
was buying 40 of the Soviet Union's newest
MIG-21 fighter planes. Official sources declined
commenton the reports.
July 2: President Nasir appealed.to Algerian na-
tionalist leaders to close ranks to assure the
"victoryof the revolution."
The Second Secretary of the Saudi Arabian
Embassywas declaredpersona non grata and asked
to leave the country, an embassy spokesmanan-
nounced.
July 3: It was announcedin Cairothat the Ministry
of Economyhas received an offer of a credit of
?10 million sterling from the British Aircraft
Corporationto financethe purchaseof 3 Vickers
VC-10 jet airliners and spare parts for use on
the American and Far Eastern routes of United
Arab Airlines.
On his return from a 2-week visit to Moscow,
Muisa'Arafa told reportersthat his talks on the
High Dam were successful.
July 5: Poland agreedto grant the UAR a long-term
credit of $20 million to finance supplies of in-
dustrial equipment and the services of technical
advisors in planning and construction, it was
reported.
July 7: The UAR has agreed to transferto London
?400,000 sterling, being the value of propertyof
British subjects already desequestrated,al-Ahrdm
reported.
July 10: The Suez Canal Authorityannouncedthat
estimated revenue for the new financial year
amountedto ?E62,325,000, an increase of ?E3,-
500,000 over last year.
 506 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

July 13: Three ministers-Muhammad Yahya, Aug. 13: The UAR television companyand NBC
Agriculture and Land Reclamation;Muhammad of America signed an agreement under which
al-Nabawl Mu4andas,Health, and Major Sarwat UAR T.V. will distributeAmericanfilms in the
Fahmi 'Uqasha, Culture and National Guidance, "Arabregion."
left Cairo for Upper Egypt to distribute 58,000 Aug. 18: It was reportedin Cairo that preparations
feddans of land to 29,000 peasant families under have begun to launch UAR rockets to study
the agrarianreformlaw. atmospheric conditions high above the African
July 15: The state securitycourtin Alexandriabegan continentand the Middle East region.
to try 14 Egyptian-bornGreeks and one Egyptian Aug. 19:
on chargesof spyingfor Israel. Prince Talal ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz of Saudi
Arabia arrived in Cairo. He declined comment
July 21: The Middle EastNews Agencyreportedthat
on his activitiesagainstthe regime of King Sa'ud.
the governmenttoday barred all Saudi Arabian In Beirut last week he was reported to have
and Jordanian subjects from entering the UAR.
called for "democraticrule in Saudi Arabia."
No reasonswere given for the ban.
The armed forces launched 4 test rockets. Aug. 20: Edwin Moline, economiccounsellorat the
It was announcedthat 111 prisonershave been US embassy in Cairo, handed a check for ?E2
released from prison in commemorationof the million to Hamid al-Sayyid,the under secretary
10th anniversary of the Egyptian revolution. of the economy, as part of the American loan
Convicted criminals who will have served half that was signed in 1959. This sum is for develop-
their terms by July 23 will also be released, as ment projects,it was reported.
well as those who have served life imprisonment Aug. 21: In Alexandria,Prince Talal and President
sentences of at least 15 years, "if this involves Nasir met a second time in 2 days. There were
no dangerto public security." no details disclosed about the meetirngs.
July 22: In an addressin Cairo's Republic Square, Minister of Economy al-Qaysiinidisclosed that
President Nisir said that the UAR had gained the total profitsof Egypt'sbanksin 1961 amounted
"vast economic and military strength"in the 10 to more than LEl1.685 million as comparedwith
yearssincethe revolution. ?E6.9 million in 1956.
In a radio broadcastthis evening Nasir said Aug. 28: The UAR delegation withdrew from the
that if 1958 were to return he would accept Arab League council meeting at Shtouraand an-
union with Syria, ignoring the "relapse." nouncedthe possible withdrawalof its government
July 23: A military parade to mark the revolution from the League. The action was taken during
anniversarywas witnessed by "tens of thousands discussionsof a Syriancomplaintof alleged UAR
of people," during which Egyptian made rockets interferencein its domesticaffairs.
were shown, it was reportedin Cairo. Sept. 3: Between 20 and 50 workmenwere reported
July 25: PresidentNasir opened a jet plane factory. trapped under the rubble of a 5-storey block of
July 26: In a speech markingthe anniversaryof the suburbanflats in the Barragedistrict, which col-
nationalizationof the Suez Canal,Nasir announced lapsed. The cause of the collapse was being
that all stages of educationin Egypt will be free investigated.
as of the next school year, startingin October. Sept. 4: The issue of exit visas to Egyptianshas been
July 27: Sallh Hidayat, Minister for ScientificRe- temporarilysuspended,it was reported in Cairo.
search, disclosed that the nuclear reactorbuilt by There was no official confirmationof the measure
the UAR with Soviet aid is now producingisotopes which was expected to last about 5 or 6 days.
for various scientificresearchprojectsand medical
units. Sept. 6: An agreementwas signed with India for
exchange of informationand scientists of nuclear
Aug. 2: The British Foreign Secretaryannounced energyfor peacefulpurposes.
in the House of Lords that the UAR had agreed
to compensateBritonswhose propertyin Egyptwas Sept. 8: Cairo radio reportedthat about 3,500,000
seized immediately after the Suez invasion in children have registeredin UAR primaryschools.
1956. A Soviet cruiserand 2 destroyersarrivedin Port
Aug. 4: The UAR and the US signed an agreement Sa'id to transit the Suez into the Red Sea. Canal
in Cairo under which the US would lend the officials said the cruiser would be the largest
UAR ?E21 million. Soviet warship ever to use the canal.
Aug. 7: The UAR and Britain signed agreements Sept. 9: Police arrested3 men at Cairo International
allocatingabout ?715,000 sterling from a ?3,575,- Airport, who were alleged to be membersof the
000 British loan to help settle the financialclaims gang reported above, responsible for smuggling
of Britonswhose propertywas sequesteredfollow- ?E3 million out of the country over the past 4
ing Suez. All claims up to ?5,000 sterlingwill be years.
paid up in 3 years and the UAR also agreed to Sept. 15: Eighteen men were known tc, have been
pay ?65,094 in final settlementand compensation killed when the apartmentblock in the Barrage
to Britishofficialsdismissedin 1951. district collapsedon September3.

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 CHRONOLOGY 507

Yemen Aug. 10: Aden newspaperssaid that the police in

1962
July 4: It was reportedthat Mecom had begun a
fifth well on the outskirts of Hudaydah. Four
other wells had so far shown no trace of oil in
commercial quantities.
July 14: It was reportedin Aden that Prince Sayf
al-Islam Ismf'll, a younger brother of the Imam
of Yemen, is claiming ?17,500 lying in a bank in
Aden, deposited by another brother who was
publicly beheadedin April 1955.
Yemen openedfire on pro-Egyptianstudentdemon-
strators in Santa' last month, inflicting several
casualties. One report said 5 personswere killed.
Aug. 17: The governmentsaid it reservedthe right
to consider the agreementon proposals for the
union of Aden with the Federation of South
Arabia,concludedyesterday,null and void, it was
reported.
Aug. 30: Forty students left Hudaydah for the
Soviet Union to study meteorology, agriculture
and port operations, including electrical main-
tenance, and other maritimeactivities.

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