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Chronology September 1, 1964-November 30, 1964

Source: Middle East Journal, Vol. 19, No. 1 (Winter, 1965), pp. 67-92
Published by: Middle East Institute
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4323816 .
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CHRONOLOGY*
September1, 1964-November 30, 1964

General private with Amir Faysal of Saudi Arabia on the


Yemendispute.
1964 Syriaprotestedto reportsin al-Ahrim about dis-
putes over the 'Amirreport,which were considered
Sept. 1: Arab foreign ministers,meeting in Cairo in "confidential."The protestfollowed disclosuresby
preparationfor the Second Arab Summit, decided a conferencespokesmanof "complete agreement"
to refer to the heads of state questionsconcerning on the report.
Yemen and the Palestine LiberationOrganization. Sept. 11: At the end of the Arab Summitit was re-
Sept. 2: The heads of state began arrivingin Cairo. solved: to start work "immediately"on the Jordan
Aside from the above-mentionedissues, they will River diversion;to confront powers hostile to the
also discuss the diversion of the Jordan River Arab states, "particularlyBritain;"to call for the
waters, plans for an Arab developmentbank, and removalof bases in Aden and Cyprus;and to estab-
"Arabunity,"it was reported. lish a council for researchinto the peaceful use
Sept. 5: The Second Arab Summitopened with the of atomicpower.
discussion of a plan of action against Israel's use Sept. 12: Arab League SecretaryGeneral 'Abd al-
of the Jordan's tributaries,it was reported. All Khaliq al-Hassanahdisclosed in Alexandria that
heads of the 13 states except Tunisia and Morocco Arab states were ready to accept tenders for the
were present. Bahl Ladgham,Minister for Presi- constructionof the MokheibaDam on the Yarmuk
dential Affairs, represented President Bourguiba river and on the diversion of the Hasbani and
(Bui-Raqibah)and Prince'Abdallahrepresentedhis Banyasrivers. He declined commenton what the
brother King Ijasan. Ahmad al-Shuqayrirepre- conference had discussed regarding Yemen. He
sented the "PalestineEntity." said, "there was no need for it to figure on the
In Addis Ababa, EmperorHaila Silasse opened agenda. Yemen is a memberof the Arab League
the Organizationof African Unity's (OAU) spe- and was representedat the conferenceby her Presi-
cial session on the Congo and urged Africa's for- dent."
eign ministersto find a solution to the problem. Sept. 16: The arbitrationcommitteeof the OAU met
Greece called for an urgent meeting of the Se- in Khartumon the Moroccan-Algerian border dis-
curity Council to deal with the "dangeroussitua- pute.
tion" caused by the expulsion of Greeks from Sept. 19: The OPEC consultativemeeting scheduled
Turkey,it was reported.
to meet in Beirut on September14, was postponed
Sept. 7: The chief of staff of the unified Arab com-
mand, Lt. Gen. 'All 'All 'Amir, blueprintedan ef- until the 30th, it was learned. No reasonwas given
fective Arab force able to withstandmilitaryattack for the postponement.
by Israel, suggested that Arab armies needed The ninth Arab PharmaceuticalConferencein
strengthening,discussedthe cost of such a rearma- Beirut ended with a resolution urging the Arab
ment and proposedthat Syria,Jordanand Lebanon League to set up a permanentoffice to look after
allow the presenceof the Arab force on their soil. the interestsof the profession.
Lebanonand Syriavoiced objectionsto the report. Sept. 20: A British commercialmission arrived in
Sept. 9: PresidentJamal 'Abd al-Nasir conferredin Tunis on the first stage of a 3-week tour of the

* The quarterlychronologyof the Journal is compiledfrom a large numberof sources;somewhatmore than


half of the items are drawn from the New York Times; other sources include Mid,eastMirror of Beirut,
Middle East Economic Digest of London, Daily Report of the Foreign Broadcast Information Service of
Washington,Arab News and Views of New York, bulletins of the United Nations Office of Public In-
formation, United Nations, New York, United Nations Newsletter, Middle East Economic Survey of
Beirut, Economic Intelligence of the Chamber of Commerce of Washington, International Financial News
Survey of the IMF in Washington, Middle EacstEconomist and Financial Service, and Middle East News-
letter of New York, regular and occasionalbulletins from the offices of press attachesof Middle Eastern
Embassies in Washington, Kashmir Affairs of Rawalpindi, Israel Digest of Jerusalem, the Kabul Times of
Afghanistanand The MaghrebDigest of the School of InternationalRelations, University of Southern
Californiain Los Angeles.

67

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68 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

Maghrib,with a view to developingtrade between want a strongCongo which might diminishNasir's


them and Britain. chancesfor leadership."
Sept. 25: In Rabat, Tunisian and Moroccanrepre- Oct. 10: Delegates to the nonaligned conference
sentativeswere reportedto have finisheddrafting8 signed a documentcalled "Programfor Peace and
bilateral accordson the dispute over the Republic InternationalCooperation." The conference sup-
of Mauritania. ported the Arab cause on Palestine;recommended
Sept. 26: James G. McDonald, the first US diplo- the removal of foreign bases from Cyprus; and
matic representativeto Israel, died in New York. called for the "unconditional,complete and final
The Permanent Arab Information Committee abolition of colonialismnow," it was reported.
ended its conference in Shtaura, Lebanon, with Oct. 14: OPEC SecretaryGeneral 'Abd al-Rahman
Libya and Algeria absent. A communiqueindi- al-Bazzaz said he would convene the OPEC oil
cated that the present stage of the Palestine ques- ministersto a meeting in Geneva if the oil com-
tion should include a large scale campaignto "en- panies did not make "satisfactoryoffers regarding
lighten" world opinion about the aims of the the minimumdemandsof the Organization,"it was
Palestine Liberationmovement,as well as political reported.
action and preparationsfor militarydefense. Oct. 23: It was learnedthat Iran, Pakistanand Tur-
Sept. 29: CongolesePremierMoise Tshombedeclared key have signed a tripartiteagreementon tourism
he would head a Congolesedelegationto the con- and bilateralagreementson visa abolition.
ference of nonalignedstates in Cairo, even though Oct. 24: At the UN it was reportedthe Arab states
he was not invited, it was reported. have initiated a new effort to keep Israel out of a
Oct. 1: The foreign ministersof 44 nonalignedstates bloc known as the "Groupof 77." Its membersare
met in Cairo to prepare an agenda for the con- developingcountriesof Asia, Africa,Latin America
ference. and the Middle East who have agreedto work to-
The OPEC consultative meeting was held in gether in such fields as industrialization,commodity
Beirut. arrangementsand trade.
Oct. 3: The ministers of economy of Algeria, Mo- Oct. 27: The Israeli delegate,Michael S. Comay,in
rocco,Tunisia and Libyasigned a protocolin Tunis a letter to the chairmanof the "Group of 77,"
by which a permanentconsultativecommitteewould complained of his country's exclusion from the
be formedto draft measuresfor economiccoopera- body.
tion. They agreed on the necessity to establish Oct. 28: The OAU's arbitrationcommissiondisclosed
freer trade and harmoniouscustoms policies. it was awaiting the latest observationsof the Al-
Oct. 4: The second nonaligned conference started. gerian and Moroccan governments before sub-
Senior leaders of the conferencewere reportedto mitting to them its final recommendations.
have advised the Congo to keep Tshombe away Nov. 3: In Geneva,Arab OPECmembersannounced
from it, despite objectionsfrom some Africandele- unanimousagreementon a course of action in an
gations. attempt to get more revenue from their oil. No
At the 39th annual national conventionof Miz- indicationwas given of the action contemplated.
rachi Jewish Women's Organizationin New York, Nov. 4: The Communicationand TransportCom-
US Senator Jacob K. Javits called for American mittee of the OAU approvedthe draft proposals
initiative in the Middle East to end the arms race for its constitution,giving it the responsibilityfor
there and to build a new regional bloc, it was re- all mattersrelating to posts, and land, sea and air
ported. He offered a Middle East policy that he communicationsin Africa. It will meet annually
said was designed to insure peace and to contain and representthe OAU in negotiationswith cor-
Nasir. respondinginternationalauthorities.
Oct. 5. The first stage of the JordanRiver diversion Nov. 13: The board for the exploitation of the
plan was initiated near al-Adasiah,about 80 miles Jordan and its tributariesagreed to the timetable
from Amman, it was reported. for financingthe projects.
Oct. 6: Tshombewas held incommunicadoin Cairo Nov. 23: The seventh OPEC top level conference
after arriving via commercial airliner. It was opened in Jakarta,Indonesia.
learned that his plane had been refused landing Nov. 24: Algerian PresidentAhmad Bin Balla de-
rights. Meanwhile, Congolese soldiers sealed off nouncedthe US and Belgium for their role in the
the Egyptian and Algerian embassiesin Leopold- seizure of Stanleyville,it was reported.
ville, it was reported. Nov. 25: Most of the Arab press and radio joined in
Oct. 7: It was reportedthat Tshombehad been de- denouncingthe Stanleyvillerescue mission, it was
nied exit from Egypt until his governmentwith- reportedin Beirut.
drew from the Egyptianembassyin Leopoldville. Nov. 27: King IHusaynof Jordanmet with Chancellor
Oct. 8: Tshombewas allowed exit. The staffs of the LudwigErhardin Bonn. Diplomaticsourcesviewed
Egyptian and Algerian embassies in Leopoldville this and the scheduledvisit of Nasir in March as
were permittedto leave the country. a step in West Germany'sre-examinationof its
Oct. 9: In Paris,TshombeaccusedNasir of trying to Middle Easternpolicy, it was reported.
weaken the Congo. He said the UAR "does not Nov. 28: Algeria,Libya,Moroccoand Tunisia signed

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CHRONOLOGY 69

an agreementformingthe MaghribEconomicCom- Algeria


munity,it was reportedin Tangiers. (See also, General,Jordan,Kuwayt,Syria)
Nov. 29: ProfessorRichardS. Harrell, head of the
Arabic Division at the Institute of Languagesand 1964
Linguistics of Georgetown University, died in
Cairo, while on sabbaticalleave as a Fulbrightre- Sept. 1: Foreigndiplomatsin Algeria were restricted
searchscholar. to the departmentsin which they live, under a ban
Nov. 30: At the opening of the second African re- publishedin the officialjournal. Outsidetravel has
gional conferenceof the InternationalLabor Or- to be authorizedby the ForeignMinistry.
ganizationin Addis Ababa, EmperorHaila Silass, Sept. 3: The formercommanderof the Sixth Military
called for "a balancedsocio-economicdevelopment" Region, Col. MuhammadSha'bdni,was shot by a
in Africa that would assure equitable distribution firing squadfor having led an abortivemilitaryup-
of income. The agenda included employmentand rising against President Ahmad Bin Balla. Five
working conditionsof Africanwomen and methods other Algerians were executed in Algiers for ter-
and principlesof wage regulation. roristactivities.
Sept. 9: The Algerian news Agency APS reported the
captureof "sizeable stocks of arms and ammuni-
tion" in the Kabylia region. Twelve rebels were
Afghanistan caught, 17 killed or wounded.
Sept. 13: The FLN starteda nationwidecampaignto
1964 gain a "huge vote of confidence"in the September
Sept. 9: The Loya Jirga (Great Assembly) met to 20 parliamentary election, it was reported.
consider a Constitution. King MohammadZahir Sept. 14: A reportfrom Paris indicatedthat Algeria
Shah said that, while there had been no alternative has received a shipmentof 18 Soviet Yak fighter
to royal rule in the past, the time was now ripe for bombers.
instituting a constitutionalmonarchy. Sept. 15: The Presidentopened "The AfricanHydro-
Sept. 10: The Loya Jirga was reportedto have ap- carbons and Textiles Center" at Rocher Noir, a
proved Article 24 of the proposed constitution, Soviet-staffedinstitutefor trainingin the operation
which excludes the royal family from political par- of the Saharaoil and gas fields. He disclosedthat
ticipation. a state petroleumdistributioncompany"would be
Sept. 11: It was announced that the road across the bornsoon."
Hindu Kush, built with Soviet aid, has been com- Sept. 21: Yesterday'selection returnsindicatedan 86
pleted, opening a new route between the USSR per cent turnout,it was reported. The government
and Afghanistan. acclaimedthe election as a "clearcondemnationof
Sept. 19: The Loya Jirga session ended, approvedthe the clandstineopposition." The 138 FLN Deputies
proposedconstitutionand endorseda policy of con- will servefor 4 years.
tinued support for an eventual solution of the Sept. 26: Bin Balla opened the first international
"Pushtunistan"problem,based on the "trueaspira- trade fair, with exhibits from firms from France,
tions" of the Pathans. PremierMohammadYusuf Britain, Russia and Red China.
pledged the continuationof a policy of "neutrality Sept. 27: The gas liquefying plant at Arzew was
and peaceful coexistence." officiallyopened.
Oct. 2: The Parliamentwas dissolved following the Sept. 28: The constructionof a 500-mile,$70 million
King's endorsementof the new Constitution. The trans-Saharanpipeline, linking Hamoud el-Hamra
Cabinet took over the duties of Parliamentuntil and Arzew started. During the ceremonies the
the election of a new Assemblyone year hence. President accused private oil companies in the
Oct. 5: The Constitutionwas published in the of- Saharaof "profiteeringand of seekingto perpetuate
ficialgazette. a colonial tradition,"it was reportedin Laghouat.
Oct. 29: The King and Queen left for Peking on a Oct. 1: Hajj ibn 'Ala was elected presiding officer
14-daystate visit to Red China. of the National Assemblyby all but 9 membersat
Nov. 13: It was learned that the Iranian-Afghan the Assembly'sfirstsession.
trade agreement,which expired last month, has Local authorities in Algiers reportedly began
been automaticallyextended for anotheryear. seizing farms, shops and hotels belonging to what
Nov. 23: The InternationalDevelopmentAssociation were described as "traitors"who allegedly col-
(IDA) announceda credit equivalentto $3.5 mil- laboratedwith former Frenchrulers.
lion (50-year term) to help finance the construc- Oct. 2: In a radio address,the Presidenttermedyes-
tion and equipment of 7 vocational secondary terday's seizures as "legitimate," and aimed at
schools. "reactionaries,feudal types and agents of neo-
Nov. 27: Liu Shao-Chi, Chairmanof the Chinese colonialism"who oppose "Algeria'ssocialistrevolu-
People's Republic, was reported to have accepted tion" as well. A national committeewould be set
the King's invitationto visit Afghanistan. No date up to correct"any errors." Meanwhile,more than
for the visit was given. 100 Algerian-owned properties in Algiers, and

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70 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

others in Blida, Marengoand Bougie were seized, Nov. 10: In Geneva,a magistrate,who was tryingto
it was officiallyannounced. recover for the Algerian governmentfunds from
The Presidenttold the newly-formedFederation Khidr, orderedthe arrestof a Syrianofficialof the
of Petroleumand Gas Workers conventionthat he Arab CommercialBank there, it was reported.
recognized its right to participatein management Nov. 18: Frenchand Algerian oil officialsreportedly
and to strike against private Saharaoil companies. started a fourth round of talks. The details and
Oct. 4: The Federationof Petroleumand Gas Work- the agendawere not revealed.
ers convention ended with a call for union co- Nov. 19: A Dusseldorf court orderedthe temporary
managementof foreign oil companiesin the Sahara, freezing of any assets Khidr may have in West
it was reported. Germany,it was reported.
Oct. 9: Sixteen hotels and bars in Algiers were re- Nov. 25: The French Senate rejected the govern-
turned to their formerowners. Officialspokesmen ment's Algerian affairs budget, which would give
promised that other "mistakes" committed else- Algeria the equivalent of some $150 million in
where would be rectifiedsoon. credits next year. The bill was returned to the
Oct. 12: CubanPresidentOsvaldo Dortic6s Torrado lower house.
arrivedin Algeria for a 2-day state visit.
Oct. 13: In a rally for Dorticos, Bin Balla said "the
time had come for the United States to start a
dialoguewith Cuba."
The Ford Foundation announced a grant of Cyprus
$468,700 to the AlgerianCivil ServiceCommission (See also, General, Turkey)
to continue its support of the Algerian National
Schoolof Administration. 1964
Oct. 17: Husayn Ait Ahmad, leader of the Socialist
ForcesFront,was arrestedby the army. Sept. 1: In Geneva, secret negotiations between
Oct. 20: Ait Ahmad will be tried publicly by the Greeceand Turkeywere brokenoff. UN Secretary
newly createdRevolutionaryCriminalCourt,it was General U Thant said on leaving for New York
announced. that "an agreed solution, at least for the moment,
Oct. 25: MuhammadKhidr, formersecretarygeneral is out of the question,"it was reported.
of the FLN, was given finalordersto leave Switzer- US State Departmentofficialsindicatedthat they
land becauseof "inadmissiblepolitical activity,"it would persist in efforts to solve the Cypruscrisis
was reported. in spite of the outcomeof the negotiations,it was
Oct. 29: Khidr went to France. He said he would learned.
not becomea permanentresidentthere. A Turkishgovernmentspokesmansaid in Istan-
Oct. 30: The AmericanvoluntaryagencyCare-Medico bul that the suspensionof negotiationsshould be
extended its agreement through December 1965 considereda "temporaryadjournment"rather than
for providingfood to Algeria'sneedy. a collapse.
Arriving in Algiers, MarshalChen Yi, Foreign The GreekDefense Minister,Petros Garoufalias,
Ministerand Premierof Red China,reportedlysaid arrivedin Nicosia to determinewhat arrangements,
that Chinaand Algeriawere "closelytied in a com- if any,Makariosmadewith Nasir.
mon struggle against imperialism,colonialismand Greek Cyprioteshave allowed fresh vegetables,
neo-colonialism." fruit and fuel oil to be sent to the TurkishCypriote
Oct. 31: The family of Farhat'Abbas,formerpresi- quarterof Nicosia for the first time since late July,
dent of the National Assembly,will be allowed to the UN reported.
visit him in Saoura, about 600 miles south of Sept. 2: Cyprusrejecteda US demandthat it retract
Algiers, after making arrangementswith the de- a charge,allegedto have been madeby Makariosin
partmentprefect there, the governmentannounced. Alexandria,that Washingtonand Londonwere be-
Heretofore,there has not been officialconfirmation hind the recent Turkish air raids on Cyprus. For-
of his arrest. eign Minister Spyros Kyprianou said the attacks
Nov. 1: The tenth anniversaryof the revolutionwas were made "with the tolerance"of the US and UK,
celebrated,attendedby some 3,000 guests from 80 who had refused"evenafter the events to condemn
countries. Bin Balla told of his regime's achieve- this barbarousattack."
ments since independenceand warnedthat "difficul- Turkish Cypriotes in Nicosia demonstrated
ties lay aheadon all fronts." againstthe government'seconomicblockade,it was
Nov. 7: The Minister of National Economy,Bashir reported.
Boumaza(Ba-Ma=z), assuredclients of the Banque Dean Acheson, the US representativeto the
PopulaireArabe-temporarily under a government Geneva negotiations,arrived in London to confer
commission-that it will not be nationalized. It with British ForeignSecretaryR. A. Butler.
was learnedthat the bank'sSwiss director,Francois Britain agreed to "guarantee"a significantshare
Genoud, was arrested in Algiers last month for of the deficit for the UN peace force. A final ap-
contraveningexchange control regulations. peal for funds will be made this week by U Thant.

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CHRONOLOGY 71

Sept. 3: SakaraiS. Tuomioja, the ailing UN medi- Greece and Turkey. In a report, U Thant sug-
ator, was broughthome to Finland. gested that the peace force be allowed another 3-
Sept. 4: Returningto Washington,Acheson said the monthextension.
situation was "very critical." He warned that war Sept. 12: UN peace force commanderGen. Koden-
could be imminent,it was reported. dera S. Thimayyaannouncedthat the government
Kyprianouconferredwith Greek PremierGeorge has agreed to admit food shipmentsfor Kokkina.
Papandreouin Athens. They said that both coun- The US ambassadorsconsulted with President
tries would pursue a commonpolicy but that each Johnson.
was free to take "certain initiative," it was re- Sept. 13: UN helicoptersairlifted 2 tons of emer-
ported. gencyrationsto Kokkina.
Galo Plaza Lasso, U Thant's special representa- Sept. 15: Makariosput forwardthe following peace
tive, said in Nicosia that Cypriote securityforces measures,it was reportedin Nicosia: "To remove
were obstructingthe governmentand UN agree- any economicrestrictionsand to allow any quantity
ment to ease the economic blockade of Turkish of foodstuffsto be suppliedto or purchasedby the
Cypriotes. TurkishCypriotesthroughthe normalchannelsand
There were reportsof communalfighting during on permit granted by the Cyprusgovernment;To
the past 2 nights at Yerolakkos,outside Nicosia, order the removal of all armed posts throughout
and in Kefka, in the northwest. UN forces restored Cyprus,provided that the Turkish leadershipwill
orderat daylight. do the same;To assist financiallythe TurkishCyp-
It was learnedin Nicosia that a trade agreement riotes who have been compelledby their leadership
was in prospectwith the Soviet Union providing to abandontheir homes and are desirous of being
for 10,000 tons of Cypriotealcohol as a base for resettled, and to afford them any protection;To
Russian brandy in exchange for 400,000 tons of grant a general amnesty,so that any Turkishrebel
Soviet fuel oil to run electric plants. who may be under criminal charges of offenses
Sept. 7: The government announced a delegation committed during the rebellion may be relieved
would go to Moscow this week to discuss the from any fear of arrestand punishment;"To accept
Cyprussituation,it was reported. any United Nations suggestion for "practicalse-
The UN disclosed that the governmenthad ex- curity measurescontributingto the pacificationof
tended the areasin which food supplies to Turkish the island, provided that such measures do not
Cyprioteswere restricted. affect the political solution of the problem."
Sept. 8: Following talks by Acheson and President Sept. 16: The US and Britain offered to contribute
Johnson, US officialsindicatedthat "the first step $2 million and $1 million, respectively,toward the
toward settling the Cyprus crisis would be the cost of extending the peace force until Decem-
recognition by Greece of her responsibilities in ber 26.
preventing Cyprus from pursuing policies that Sept. 17: Makariosand Papandreoumet in Athens
might lead to a Mediterraneanwar," it was re- and announcedagreementon a policy for restoring
ported. peace in Cyprusas a preludeto a solution through
Kyprianouconferredwith Papandreouin Athens the UN.
before departingfor New York to attend an emer- At the Security Council, the Soviet Union en-
gency session of the SecurityCouncil on Septem- dorsedthe extensionof the peaceforce. No resolu-
ber 11. tion on the force has been introduced,however.
Sept. 9: Tuomiojadied. Sept. 18: In the Security Council, Norway's repre-
The governmentagreedto lift the food blockade sentative, Sivert A. Nielsen, endorsed U Thant's
of the TurkishCypriotesections of Famagustaand proposalsto broadenthe powers of the peace force,
Larnaca. namely: the power to remove fortificationsand
Sept. l0: Turkish Premier Ismet tn6ni announced other installations that seemed to threaten the
that Turkey would start sending food to Turkish peace;freedomof movement;and the establishment
Cypriotes,under armed convoy, on September15. of neutralzones patrolledby UN forces.
Greece,the TurkishCypriotesand the UN had been Sept. 19: Followingtalks in MoscowbetweenPremier
notified. Khrushchevand the Ministerof Commerceand In-
Galo Plaza arrivedin Genevafor talks with UN dustry,AndreasAraouzos,it was reportedthat the
Undersecretaryfor Political Affairs Ralph J. USSRagreedto give "militaryand otherassistance"
Bunche. to Cyprus.
Secretaryof State Dean Rusk said he had called In Athens, Papandreou said that if Cyprus
home US ambassadorsin Athens, Ankara and aligned herself with the Communistbloc, Greece
Nicosia for consultations. would have to breakrelationswith her, it was re-
Sept. 11: Makarioswarned he would resist any at- ported.
tempt by Turkey to ship food to Kokkina,it was Turkey announcedit will relieve a third of her
reportedin Nicosia. permanentmilitaryforce on Cyprusin the coming
The Security Council consideredcomplaints by week. The Greekgovernmentsaid it would not go

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72 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

to war with Turkey over this question. (See, Au- apprisedby Turkey of its agreementwith the UN
gust 27.) on the control of the highway (see above).
Eight trucks loaded with food and medicines Oct. 2: Gen. George Grivas was accusedin a Greek
shipped to Famagustafrom Turkey left for Kok- CypriotenewspaperMakhi of allegedly failing to
kina. supportthe policies of Makarios,and of being "too
Sept. 20: TurkishCypriotewomen in the suburbsof prejudiced"against the East and "too partial" to
Trakhonasnear the line dividing Greek and Turk- NATO.
ish Cypriotesdrove off with rocks a CanadianUN Oct. 4: Makarios left for the conference of non-
detail who tried to stop them from building a alignedcountries.
roadblock,it was reported. Oct. 8: The SupremeCourt of Cyprus ruled itself
Sept. 21: France rejecteda US suggestion that she constitutional,as formed by the House of Repre-
donate part of the $7 million for the UN peace sentativeslast July.
force. Oct. 9: Makarios charged that "foreign powers"
A government spokesmansaid in Ankara that were responsiblefor the strife on the island and
the Turks would agree to put their contingentin appealed to neutral countries to support him at
Cyprusunder the UN on 2 conditions:that it re- the UN, it was reportedin Cairo.
tain its position on the Nicosia-Kyreniaroad and Oct. 10: It was learned that negotiations on the
that Turkeybe allowed to use it for "nationalpur- turnoverof control of the Nicosia-Kyreniaroad to
poses"if necessary. the UN were still unsettledand rotationof Turkish
Sept. 22: The SecurityCouncil adjournedwhen the troops was again postponed.
introductionof a resolution to extend the peace Oct. 11: Some 10 thousand Greek Cypriotes in
force was blockedby a disagreementover a Cypri- Limassol participatedin a demonstrationallegedly
ote demand that it include a reference to the organized by the Communistparty there against
Makariospeace measures (See, Sept. 15). Britishbasesin Cyprus.
Sept. 24: The text of the resolution was accepted Oct. 13: In Nicosia, Makarios said he was "even
by Turkey and Cyprus. The Cypriotedemandwas more optimistic"about a solution in view of the
deleted in exchangefor the removal of a Turkish nonalignednations'standthat the problem"should
request that the SecretaryGeneral take whatever be solved in accordancewith the will of the people
measureshe consideredwithin his mandateto ob- of Cyprus . . . and without any outside threats or
tain peacein Cyprus. intervention."He did not allude to the resolution
Five Swedish UN soldiers were arrestedin Ni- on the eliminationof foreign bases in Cyprus.
cosia on suspicion of illegally transportingarms Oct. 14: Galo Plaza, in Athens for talks with Pa-
for Turkish Cypriotes, the UN command an- pandreou,said he would devise a "new and last-
nounced, after the police uncovered a load of ing" solution before the end of this year, it was
weapons and ammunition from Kokkina in 2 reported.
Swedisharmoredvehicles. Oct. 17: In Athens, Kyprianousaid that the removal
Sept. 25: The SecurityCouncil voted the extension of Khrushchevfrom power would not change the
of the peaceforce. Soviet Union's policy toward Cyprus, it was re-
U Thant announcedthat agreementfor complete ported.
UN control of the Nicosia-Kyreniahighway had Oct. 22: UN headquartersin Nicosia announcedthat
been reachedand that CarlosAlfredo Bernardesof it had negotiated the reopening of the Nicosia-
Brazil will succeed Galo Plaza as his personal Kyrenia road. It would control the road and or-
representative. ganize daily 2-way convoys,bypassingthe Turkish-
Sept. 26: The Turkish army contingent will be held northern half of Nicosia. Turkish troops
placed under UN control, with Turkey reserving would be rotated.
the right to withdraw it if the security of the Oct. 24: John Tsouderos, a deputy of the Greek
Turkish Cypriotes were threatened, it was an- CenterUnion Party,arrivedin Nicosia at the head
nounced. of a mission of the "EnosisCommittee,"a govern-
It was reported in Moscow that Kyprianou ment body organizedfollowing reports that Com-
would sign an agreementwith the USSR for mili- munist propaganda in support of independence
taryaid. ratherthan enosis was makingheadway. The mis-
Sept. 28: Galo Plaza arrived in Nicosia to assume sion was the first of a series to explore integration
the duties of the late Tuomioja. problemsin agriculture,productionand banking.
Sept. 30: An agreementwas signed with the USSR Oct. 26: The UN opened to civilian traffic the
covering unspecifiedmilitary and economic aid, it Nicosia-Kyreniaroad, it was reported.
was reportedin Moscow. Oct. 28: The US served formal notice of a $2.3
Turkish Cypriote troops continued to man the million contributionfor the extensionof the peace
Nicosia-Kyreniaroad, it was reported. Makarios force and notifiedU Thant it was preparedto make
said he would block Turkishrotationof troops un- furtherdonations.
less the road were put under UN control. It was Oct. 29: Greeceturned down an offer by NATO to
learned that the Turkish Cyprioteshad not been mediatethe Cyprusdispute,it was reported.

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CHRONOLOGY 73

Americansevacuatedat the height of the conflict Iran


were allowed to returnto the island.
Oct. 31: Kyprianoutold the House of Representatives (See also, General,Afghanistan,Syria)
that the government'saim remained "unfettered
independence,"it was reported. 1964
Nov. 5: In a note to Makarios,Vice PresidentFazil
Kucukappealedfor a meetingof the whole Cabinet Sept. 7: FormerWar Minister Gen. Ahmad Vusoq
to considerthe plight of about 25,000 refugees, it was sentencedby a military court of appeal to 4
was reported. years solitary imprisonmentfor embezzling more
Nov. 7: Galo Plaza conferredwith U Thant in New than $1 million on armypurchases,it was reported.
York. Sept. 11: An agreementwas reachedwith the Soviet
A tradeand paymentsagreementwas signed with Union providing for the exchange of geological
East Germanycoveringexports of about $1 million and technicalinformation,Soviet help in exploring
until December 31, 1965, it was officially an- the Qum region and the joint reassessmentof some
nounced. oil areas,it was learnedafter the Chairmanof the
Nov. 10: A month's lull in fighting was broken by NationalIranianOil Company(NIOC), Dr. Eqbal,
heavy firing near the Turkish Cypriotevillage of visited Moscow.
Louroujina,it was reported. There were no cas- Sept. 14: Ethiopia'sEmperorHaila Silisse arrivedin
ualties. Tehranon a 3-day state visit.
Galo Plaza returnedto Nicosia for the first of a Sept. 17: A military appeal court in Shiraz sen-
series of talks in Athens, Ankaraand London. tenced 6 tribal chiefs to death by firing squad for
Nov. 26: Zenon Rossides appealed to U Thant for treason and attemptedarmed rebellion, it was re-
aid from the peace force against "Turkish ter- ported. Two other rebels received 10-year terms
rorists," who were forcing Turkish Cypriotes to and 4, 2 yearseach.
leave their homes and gather in "segregatedcap- Oct. 2: After almost a year'snegotiations,the Soviet
tivity." Union and Iran announcedagreementon the ship-
ment of Iraniangoods from Nowshahrand Bandar
Pahlavi through Russia to Europe instead of the
Persian Gulf-Suez route. Soviet goods will be
shippedto Khorramshahr and BandarShapur,over-
Ethiopia land to the Persian Gulf and thence to the Far
(See also, General, Iran) East. The USSR will grant a 25 per cent discount
and Iran 22V/2 per cent on railwayfreight charges.
1964 Oct. 9: The IranianConsortiumannouncedthe dis-
covery of 2 new oilfields in South Iran. At Faris
Sept. 15: It was learnedfrom Hararthat an Ogaden a well 8,806 ft. deep tested at about 4,000 b/d;
chief, MuhammadMashkoke Sigale, has returned at Rag-e-Safid,a well 11,859 ft. deep producedgas.
from Somaliaafter severalyears. Oct. 13: Two bills authorizingimmunitiesfor for-
Sept. 28: EmperorHaila Silasse received an honor- eign diplomats and members of the US military
ary doctor of laws degree from the University of advisoryservicewere approvedby the lower house
Bucharest,while on an officialEast Europeantour. of Parliament,it was reported.
Sept. 29: The Emperorarrivedin Geneva from Bel- Oct. 16: The Iranian Consortium and the joint
grade for a 5-dayprivatevisit. He will proceedto Iranian-PanAmericanventure IPAC were reported
the nonalignedconferencein Cairo. to have begun production from their respective
Oct. 8: The InternationalFinanceCorporation(IFC) portions of the offshore Darius field.
announcedit will invest approximately$2.5 mil- Completionand use of a secondsubmarinepipe-
lion, jointly with Japanese interests, for a major line connectingGanavehand Kharg Island was an-
expansionand modernizationprogramby the Cot- nounced. This increases the crude oil carrying
ton Companyof Ethiopia S.C. This is IFC's first capacityto the Kharg Island terminal to 500,000
investmentin Ethiopia. b/d.
Oct. 20: West German PresidentLuebke and Min- Nov. 4: Accordingto the state securityorganization
ister for EconomicCooperationWalter Scheel ar- Ayatullah Khomeini, a religious leader whose ar-
rived in Addis Ababa on a 6-day visit. rest in June 1963 precipitated3 days of rioting,
Nov. 27: It was learned that the Minister of Com- had been exiled for his "instigationsagainst the
merce and Industry,Lij EndalkatchewMakonnen, nation's interests,security,independenceand terri-
had completed negotiations on the economic and torial integrity." It was believed he went from
technical agreements with West Germany last Qum, the center of his activities,to Turkey.
month. West Germanywill provideabout DM 28 Nov. 13: Eqbal announceda 4-man Board of Direc-
million for developmentprojects and a long-term tors for NIOC which he appointed,with the Cabi-
loan of DM 8 million for road construction. (See net's approval,in accordancewith recent changes
May 1, 1964.) in NIOC's statutes. (See, July 1, 1964.)

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74 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

Nov. 17: King Baudouinand Queen Fabiola of Bel- Sept. 14: Al-Manarreportedthat formerPrime Min-
gium began a 1o-daystate visit to Iran. ister Ahmad Hasan al-Bakrhas been retired from
Nov. 24: The governmentintroducedhigher taxes his post as ambassadorin the Foreign Ministry.
on gasoline, fuel oil and kerosene,industrialalco- Sept. 20: The Presidentannounceda census would
hol and nonalcoholicdrinks,and imposed a tax on shortlybe takenin preparationfor generalelections
Iraniansleaving the country. PremierHasan 'All to follow the union with the UAR.
Mansor said that the revenueswould be used for The Cabinet approved the resolutions of the
economicdevelopment. second Arab summit and the establishmentof a
joint UAR-Iraqipresidencycouncil under one com-
mand. (See, UAR, Sept. 15.)
Sept. 28: It was announcedthat the governmentwas
Iraq consideringplans to set up a new board to draw
(See also, General,Kuwayt,PersianGulf, up "guide plans in orderto makeuse of manpower
Syria,UAR) in the countrythrough education,planning, train-
ing and social guidance so that all will be or-
1964 ganizedwithin a generalplan complementary to the
economicplan."
Sept. 1: Oil Minister 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Wattari told Oct. 1: It was announcedin Baghdadthat the gov-
the Daily News that oil companieshave agreed to ernment has decided to divest 13 Jews of their
increase royalties to the governmenton the basis Iraqi nationality and freeze their movable assets
of a final settlementof the principleof "expensing" "for having failed to return to Iraq within the
royalties, which would, over a period of years, legal time limit or offering a legitimateexcuse for
bring about rates "averagingbetween 56 to 57 not returning." A law to this effect was promul-
per cent as against the existing rate of 50 per gated last June.
cent." Presentroyaltiesamountto ID 100 million Oct. 10: Under a new law, announcedby Baghdad
annually. radio, workerswill get old age pensions and non-
Sept. 3: The Minister of Agrarian Reform, 'Abd employmentallowances,and their families would
al-Sa'ibAlwan, returnedto Baghdadwith a dele- get pensions in the event of their death. The new
gation he led to several countries, including the law supersedesthe social insurancelaw of 1956.
US and Turkey. He said the World Bank had Oct. 12: The General Federationof Labor held its
agreed to provide a $23 million loan for road- first congressin Baghdad. The themewas "socialist
building and communicationsprojects, it was re- transformation."Prime Minister TThirYahya said
ported. new labor laws conformingwith those of the UAR
Sept. 5: An advancedparty of UAR armed forces would soon be issued.
arrivedin Baghdadto take part in joint maneuvers Oct. 17: Guinea's President, Ahmad Sekou Toure,
in northernIraq with Iraqi troops. arrived in Iraq from Saudi Arabia on an official
There were reports of renewed Kurdish unrest visit.
and the discoveryof a plot againstthe government, Oct. 18: Al-Fair al-Jadid reported that Sattam al-
which was to have been executedjust before Presi- Takriti, believed to be a national leader of the
dent 'Abd al-Salam 'Arif left for the Alexandria
Ba'th party, had been arrestedfor complicity in
conference. the abortiveSeptember5 coup.
Sept. 8: A new law was issued banning Jews from
disposing of their real estate or company shares Oct. 19: The Cabinet decided to transfer all assets
until they had proventhey were still Iraqi citizens. of the Ba'thist National Organizationfor Popular
The IraqiNational Oil Company(INOC), estab- Action to the Arab SocialistUnion.
lished 6 monthsago, appliedto the Ministryof Oil Oct. 24: The Presidenttold a meeting of the Arab
for designationof the areas where it may search SocialistUnion at Karkhthat the union with Egypt
for oil, as requiredby Law No. 11 of February was "cohesive and lacks only the constitution."
1964. Steps are being taken to unify the 2 armies;army
Sept. 10: Al-Hay4t disclosedthat 5 air force officers, ranks have been unified; military education and
alleged to have set off the coup last September5, training are being unified, he added.
had been executed. There was no confirmation Oct. 28: The Chief of Staff of the Iraqi Army, Maj.
elsewhere. Gen. 'Abd al-Rahman'Arif, denied reportsof fight-
Sept. 11: Al-Thawrahal-'Arabiyahreportedthat the ing resumedwith the Kurds, it was reported.
military governor general has ordered 91 persons Oct. 31: Taha al Fayadh,founderof al-Fairal-Jadid
to stand trial by court martial for organizing a and former president of the Journalists'Associa-
"reactionaryplot" againstthe governmentlast July. tion, died in Baghdad.
Fifteen of the defendantswere still at large. Nov. 10: Reports,attributedto a Kurdish group in
Sept. 13: Al-Thawrah al-'Arabiyah reported that Vienna, that a newly formed Kurdish parliament
Mulla Mustafa Barzanihas pledged his loyalty to in northernIraq has appointeda "governmentof
the governmentand support of all its policies. 11 ministers"were publishedin Beirut. The Iraqi

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CHRONOLOGY 75

Embassyin Beirut denied allegations of Kurdish ment in Moscow's attitude towards Jews in the
unrest. USSR. He also announcedhe would see Chancellor
Nov. 11: Mali's PresidentModibo Keita arrived in Ludwig Erhardof West Germanybefore next sum-
Baghdadfor a 3-dayvisit. mer'selections.
Nov. 13: It was reportedthat exchangesof oil tech- Sept. 11: The publicationof tenderswas made com-
nicians with the UAR will be stepped up under a pulsory for all government construction work
new training programto be drawn up by the Oil valued at more than II 50,000 and for supplies
Ministry. exceeding LI 25,000. It does not apply to local
Nov. 14: Six new ministers were appointed and 4 authorities.
were droppedin a reshuffleof the Cabinet,it was Sept. 18: It was disclosed that Israel's population
announced. Yahya remained Premier. Those reached 2,500,000 by September1, of which ap-
dropped were: Rashid Muslih (Interior), 'Abd proximately11 per cent were non-Jews. The non-
al-Ghani Sa'id al-Rawi (Agriculture), Kamil al- Jewish population grew by 60 per cent between
Khatib (Justice), and Isma'll Mustafa (Municipal 1948 and 1961, almost entirely from natural in-
and Rural Affairs). The other changes were as crease.
follows: Franceand Israel have concludedan agreement
Naji Talib: ForeignAffairs providing for the elimination of double payment
$ubhi 'Abdal-Hamid:Interior of income or inheritancetaxes.
Muhsinal-Habib:Defense Sept. 24: The United Jewish Appeal (UJA) an-
'Abd al-Sattar'Ali al-Husayn:Justice nounced the establishmentof the Israel Education
ShuqriS.alihZaki: Education Fund, to seek $127 million during the next 5 years
'Abd al-HasanZalzalah:Planning for the developmentof Israel'ssecondaryeducation
'Abdal-MajidSa'id: Communications facilities.
Adib al-Jadir:Industry Sept. 25: It was reportedthat the Israel Industrial
Fu'adal-Riqabi:Municipaland RuralAffairs Development Bank will receive LI 30-40 million
'Abd al-Hadial-Rawi:Agriculture from the World Bank and two study missions will
Nov. 17: The third court martial in Mosul was come to Israel to work out the details of the loan.
abolishedby the President. Oct. 2: Vice PremierAbba Eban, who was visiting
Nov. 18: The anniversaryof the revolutionwas cele- Mexico in an effort to bring about closer Mexican-
brated. A public holiday was declared. Israelirelations,askedthe MexicanHouse of Depu-
Nov. 22: The Presidentunderwenta tonsillitis op- ties for assistancein Israel'spursuitof her develop-
eration,it was reported. ment "freeof outsidepressures,"it was reported.
The President said Iraq would recognize East Oct. 8: Israel's internationalcommunicationsystem
Germany if West Germanyrecognized Israel, it resumed operation after a 51'/z hours' strike of
was reported. communicationsworkers. The Cabinet agreed to
Nov. 28: Talib left for New York to lead the Iraqi hear the strikers'demands.
delegationto the UN GeneralAssembly. Oct. 9: An amendmentto the income tax law was
An Iraqi journalist,Ja'far al-Khalill, announced approvedby the Cabinet, retroactiveto April 1,
that a team of 20 scholars will write the first 1964. Personalallowanceswere raised as follows:
encyclopediaof holy places in Iraq. It would take bachelor, from II 250-400; married man, from
5 to 7 years. LI 1,050-1,700; wife, LI 500-800; and each child
Nov. 29: The Presidentleft the hospital. from LI 250-375.
Oct. 11: The UJA announcedthe appointmentof
CharlesJ. Bensleyas presidentof the Israel Educa-
Israel tion Fund.
(See also, General, Palestine Problem,Syria) Oct. 12: Uganda disclosedthat Israeli flying instruc-
tors have begun training its air force recruits.
1964 Oct. 13: The first of 72 high schools being built
Sept. 1: Foreign Minister Golda Meir, speaking to with UJA aid was dedicatedin Tel Aviv.
African diplomatsin Jerusalem,denouncedmerce- Oct. 15: The White House announceda US-Israeli
naries in the Congo. She disclosed that Israelis agreementto shareequallythe cost of an engineer-
were continuing construction,agriculturaland ad- ing study for a large water desalting project in
ministrativetraining activities begun during Pre- Israel.
mier Cyrille Adoula's regime. No new projects The Israeli ambassador'sresidence in Caracas,
have been started since Tshombe became Premier. Venezuela, was fired upon, it was reported. An
Sept. 4: Israel agreedto pay Russia$4.5 million dur- employeewas wounded.
ing the next 2 years for its real estate holdings in Oct. 18: The Cabinet approved a supplementary
Israel. budget of ?I 235 million (LI 130 m. in 1963),
Sept. 6: PremierLevi Eshkol told Ma'ariv that the bringing the ordinaryand developmentbudgets to
improvementin relations with Eastern European a total of LI 3,700 million (LI 2,920 m. in 1963).
countries has not been matched by any improve- Oct. 26: A governmentspokesmandisclosed that 2

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76 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

top Western Germanphysicistswere on a month's Sept. 9: 'Ali Aba Nuwar, formercommandergeneral


trip inspecting joint projectsfor peaceful develop- of the armedforces who fled to Syriain 1957, was
ment of nuclearenergy in Israel. pardonedby the King and allowed to come home.
Nov. 3: The governmentsurvived a motion of no Sept. 10: Two financialagreementsfor reconstruction
confidence. Communistsin the Knesset attacked of the Hijaz Railway were signed: ?1,456,000
what they called "activityof West Germanscien- sterling,with the Cairo-Amman Bank and the Bank
tists in Israel generally and in the nuclear sphere of America to guarantee part of the cost, and
particularly."Eban denied this. $130,000 with the UN Special Fund for supplies.
Nov. 4: The Premier accepted the resignation of Jordanwill provide $181,000 for the latter.
Moshe Dayan, the Minister of Agriculture,who Sept. 14: The numberof tourists during the first 6
claimed lack of "identification"with the chief of months of 1964 increasedby 21 per cent over the
government. same period in 1963, it was reported.
Nov. 7: One hundred thirty-eightMapai members, Sept. 16: The Cabinet designatedForeign Minister
including former Defense Minister Pinhas Lavon, Kadri al-Tuqanto representJordanin Yemen'ssec-
secededfrom the party. They were reportedto be ond anniversaryof the revolution celebrations.
forming a movement called Min Hayesod, inde- Sept. 20: InformationMinister $alaihAba-Zayddis-
pendent of existing parties "for the time being." closed he had begun talks with Jordanianand for-
Nov. 12: The 55th annual convention of the Re- eign experts on plans for a television station in
ligious Zionists of America disclosed plans for a Amman.
new city in Israel, "Kiryat Herzog," that will The Minister of Agriculture, Khalid al-Haijj
house and employ about 10,000 people and cost Hasan, said that the UN Special Fund has agreed
about$23 million. to sell agriculturalcommoditiesin Jordanand add
Nov. 14: Mrs. Meir collapsedduring a controversial $756,000 to the government's$238,232 for this
meeting of the Mapai CentralCommittee. purpose.
Nov. 15: Former Premier David Ben-Gurion re- Sept. 26: The governmentimposedan extra one half
signed from the Central Committeeafter it voted per cent tax on all dutiable imports to finance
against his views on election reforms. The Com- the new university,it was reported.
mittee favoredEshkol'sproposalto AchdutAvodah The committee for the reconstructionof the
munici-
for joint lists for next year'sparliamentary, Dome of the Rock Mosque met to discuss the
pal and trade union elections. financingof the second stage of the project, esti-
Nov. 21: The Dr. Joseph J. Schwartz Fund for matedto cost aboutJD 350,000, it was reported.
LeadershipTraining at the Hebrew University of Oct. 1: The CentralBank of Jordan took over the
Jerusalemwas established. SamuelRothberg,chair- monetarycommitmentsof the JordanianCurrency
man of the board of the AmericanFriends of the Council.
Hebrew University, said the project would serve Oct. 10: The CabinetannouncedJordanwould lend
as "a permanentculturalbridge betweenIsrael and Algeria44 schoolteachers.
the AmericanJewish community." Oct. 12 : The King inauguratedwork on a JD 1 mil-
Nov. 25: Britainannouncedit would sell to Israel 2 lion housing project,near Aqaba,for about 25,000
1,280-tonsubmarines. people.
Nov. 30: Israel became the 19th nation to sign an Oct. 16: The ban on importof alreadylocally manu-
agreement for the global space communications facturedgoods was lifted.
system. Oct. 17: EightyAlgerianstudentsarrivedin Amman,
bringing to 94 the numberof Algerianswho will
get free educationin Jordan.
Jordan The 1962 defense orderimposingcustomsduties
of 500 per cent of the cost on television sets was
(See also, General,PalestineProblem,SaudiArabia)
cancelled. Regulartariff will be charged,however,
1964 plus an annuallicense of JD 5 per set.
Oct. 29: The Mufti ruled against the sale of Jerusa-
Sept. 1: The FinanceMinistry received a check for lem land to foreigners.
$3,200,000, bringingup to $14,660,000 the amount Oct. 31: 'Adil al-Shamaylah,the Minister of Econ-
receivedout of a US grantof $34 million for 1964. omy, said he had negotiated the release of about
Sept. 3: Munif al-Razzazand Amin Shuqayr,released JD 600,000, the value of phosphatesimportedby
from detentionlast April 7, were freed from house Yugoslavia.
arrest on orders of King IHusayn.Both belonged Nov. 8: Jordanianwomen submittedto the Chamber
to the dissolvedBa'th Party. of Deputies and the Cabineta requestfor the right
Sept. 5: The Development Board was reported to to election to the Chamberand municipalcouncils
have applied to West Germanyfor a JD 10 million "in accordancewith the constitution and human
loan for constructinga part of the unifiedelectrical rights,"it was reported.
power networkprovidedin the seven-yeareconomic Nov. 9: An Indian delegationbegan talks in Amman
plan. on amendingthe 1962 bilateraltrade agreement.

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CHRONOLOGY 77

Nov. 16: The Cabinet announcedapproval of the Kuwayt


establishmentof an Arab Common Market as of
January 1, 1965. (See also, General,PalestineProblem,PersianGulf)
Nov. 17: Husayn and PrincessMuna arrivedin Paris
on a 3-daystatevisit. 1964
Nov. 25: Husayn began a 3-day visit to West Ger-
Sept. 4: The KuwaytOil Company's(KOC) average
many.
crudeproductionfor the first 7 monthsof 1964 was
Nov. 30: A decisionto establishdiplomaticrelations
reportedat 2,143,441 b/d comparedwith 1,925,205
with Ceylonwas announced.
b/d in 1963 and 1,833,656 b/d in 1962.
Sept. 9: Kuwayt Airlines obtained a license for a
branchin Damascus,it was announced.
It was reportedthat Kuwayt has agreed to loan
Kashmir Syria KD 10 million each from the state reserve
(See also, Pakistan) and the KuwaytFund for Arab EconomicDevelop-
ment (KFAED) for development projects. The
1964 state reservewill grantan immediatesum of KD 5
million.
Sept. 14: The governmentarrested the editor and Sept. 11: Kuwayt becamea memberof the Interna-
publisherof the Urdu newspaperMartandfor pub- tional Atomic EnergyAgency.
lishing "prejudicialmatter," it was reported in Sept. 22: Jabir al-Ahmadal-Jabir,the Minister of
Srinagar. Finance and Industry,left for Algeria at the in-
Sept. 16: Officials in Rawalpindi said that the vitation of PresidentAhmad Bin Balla.
Pakistani government has lodged 31 diplomatic Sept. 25: Accordingto Ahmad al-Sayyid'Umar, the
protestswith the Indian governmentagainst "vio- Director of the General Oil Affairs Department,
lations of the cease-fireline in Kashmir." effective supervisionhas been instituted over the
Sept. 22: Former Prime Minister Bakshi Ghulam recruitmentof senior foreign employees, whether
Mohammedwas put underarrestfor corruptionand administrativeor technical,in line with the Arabiza-
other criminalcharges,it was reported. Four legis- tion program.
lators were also arrested. The chief of state, Karan Oct. 18: An Iraqi delegation,led by EconomyMin-
Singh, suspended both houses of the legislature. ister 'Aziz al-Hafiz, arrivedin Kuwayt to discuss
PremierGhulamMohammedSadiq said the arrests a bilateral economic agreement,involving, among
were made because the persons involved were other things, "practicalcooperation"between the
"likely to create a threatto the peace and security Iraqi National Oil Company (INOC) and the
of the state." KuwaytNational PetroleumCompany(KNPC), as
Oct. 5: An Indian Defense Ministryspokesmandis- well as "large-scalecooperation"in the field of
closed that at least 5 Pakistaniswere killed in a petrochemicals.
clash with Indian troops in northern Kashmir 2 Oct. 25: An agreementwas signed with Iraq for
days ago, it was reportedin Srinagar. reciprocalexemptionfrom customsand excise duties
Oct. 9: Sadiq announcedthat Mohammedwill face for industrial,agriculturaland mineralproducts. A
a judicial commission on charges of corruption, protocol provides for the encouragementof move-
misuse of power and complicityin criminal cases. ment of capital and investments, together with
Nov. 5: Fire, believed to be starteddeliberately,de- guaranteesfor their protection.
stroyed most of the town of Kupwara, near the Oct. 30: It was reportedthat the Kuwayt Oil Com-
cease-fireline in Indian controlledKashmir,it was pany (KOC) workershave applied to the Ministry
reportedin Srinagar. of Social Affairs and Laborfor permissionto form
Nov. 6: Pakistanprotestedagainst Indian moves to a labor union, under the terms of Law No. 38
change the status of Kashmir by abrogating an of 1964.
article of the Indian Constitutionwhich confers a Nov. 1: A 10-mandelegation,headed by Jabir, left
special status on the Indian-heldterritory. An In- for the Soviet Union on an official visit. The
dian bill providesfor bringingthe territoryin line Kuwayt press indicated that the delegation will
with other Indian states. Pakistanwarnedit would discuss industrialcooperation,possible Soviet help
not recognizesuch unilateralaction. with the Arab-AfricanBank through which it
Nov. 7: The Kashmirisecuritypolice have reportedly might channelaid to African nations, aviation and
arresteda group of Red Chinesesmugglersof pro- wireless communicationlinks, and assistancein the
Chineseand anti-Indianliteratureinto Ladakhfrom implementationof the Shatt al-'Arabwater project.
headquartersin the Pakistani-occupied region. Nov. 6: It was reported that diplomatic relations
Nov. 11: Sheik MohammedAbdullah was reported with the Netherlandswould be established.
to have canceledmost of his public meetingswhich Nov. 9: An agreementon economicand technicalco-
he used to have twice a week since his releasefrom operation was signed in Moscow, providing for
prison. Soviet assistancein all spheresof economicdevelop-

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78 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

ment, including the reclamationof desert lands, it Sept. 23: Charles Hilu was sworn in as President.
was reported. The Cabinet was asked to carry on until a new
Nov. 13: 'Abd al-Ralm5nal-Sultan,Deputy Director one was formed.
of TechnicalAffairs at the GeneralOil AffairsDe- Sept. 25: EdmondKasaarwas appointedMinisterof
partmentwas appointedmember of the Board of Educationin the new Cabinet,otherwiseunchanged.
Directorsof KNPC, replacingSulaymanAhmadal- Sept. 29: PremierHusayn'Uwayni'sgovernmentwon
Haddad,who resignedto becomeGeneralManager a vote of confidence-54 to 33.
of the Arab-AfricanBank. Oct. 3: The Shell and Mobil unions ended their
Nov. 14: It was announcedthat 5 per cent of the strike following the decision of the interministerial
salariesof Palestiniansworking in Kuwaytwill be arbitration committee providing, among other
deducted for the PalestinianLiberationOrganiza- things, for the establishmentin each companyof a
tion. joint fund, retroactiveto April 1, 1964, to which
Nov. 17: The Amir, ShaykhSabahal-SalimAl Sabah, all employerswill contributethe equivalent of 6
left for New Delhi on a 9-day state visit to India. per cent of their workers'pay and the workers 2
Nov. 27: The Cabinetwas reportedto have approved per cent, for distributionat the end of the year.
the November9 agreementwith the Soviet Union. Oct. 12: The LebaneseLaborUnion, at the end of its
Nov. 28: The Amir returnedto Kuwayt. executive council's ordinary session, declared it
Nov. 30: The Ruler, Shaykh 'Abdallahal-Salim Al would demanda 15 per cent wage increasefor all
Sabah,acceptedthe resignationof the government workers, a minimum wage raise from ?L 125 to
and asked the Amir to form a new one, it was ?L 175 monthly, and abolition of all income tax
reported. for workers,it was reported.
Oct. 14: Hilui commuteddeath sentencesto life im-
prisonmentof those who had been sentencedunder
Lebanon a 1959 law, following the insurrection,and par-
doned all convicted journalists.
(See also, General) Oct. 23: The Federationof Industrieshas submitted
1964 a memorandumto the governmentfor the creation
of a Ministry of Industry because the country's
Sept. 3: After governmentefforts had failed, em- main sourcesof economicdevelopmentnow lie in
ployees of the Mobil and Shell distributingcom- the direction of industry and tourism, it was
panies, demandingan extra month's pay, went on learned.
strike and threateneda nationwide industrywalk- Oct. 28: Lebanonrecognizedthe Republicof Zambia.
out. Oct. 30: The Cabinetwas reportedto be considering
Sept. 7: MuwaffakDiyab, an intelligence agent and the establishmentof ministriesfor youth and sports
a prosecutionwitness in last month'strial of Syrian and for tourism,as well as for industry.
Lt. Jalal Mirhaj (see, August 11), was shot dead Nov. 6: The Sydney Jewish News and the Australian
in Beirut by 2 men who escapedin a car, it was Jewish Times were banned by the Information
reported. Ministry,it was reported.
Sept. 11: It was learned that under recently issued Nov. 8: A Councilfor Middle EastTrade (COMET)
regulations,Lebaneseparentage,or marriageto a delegationarrivedin Beirut for talks with govern-
subject,automaticallycarriespermissionto work or ment officials and businessmenwith the aim of
set up a businessas does the fact of residencebe- strengtheningtrade relationsbetween the UK and
fore 1954, coupled with not less than 9 months' Lebanon,it was reported.
consecutivework in a Lebaneseorganization. For- Nov. 12: A draft law was published,providing for
eign company executives and representativesare the establishmentof schools in 733 villages now
exempt, but businessmen,artisansor industrialists without public or privateprimaryschools, employ-
operatingsince 1960 or wishing to establishthem- ing 3,600 teachersfor some 100,000 pupils by the
selves in the country must, with the Ministry of school year 1966-67 at the latest, it was reported.
Laborand Social Affairs' approval,invest not less Nov. 13: 'Uwayni submittedthe resignationof his
than fL 50,000 and employ at least 3 Lebanese. Cabinet. The President charged hirmas caretaker
Sept. 15: Tapline Co. employees called a sympathy until a new governmentwas formed.
strike with Mobil and Shell workers. Nov. 14: The Presidentcharged 'Uwayni with the
Sept. 16: The Tapline strike was called off when task of selecting a new Cabinet. It was learned
workers were advised it was "illegal." that the former government resigned because it
Sept. 17: Al-Ahrarwas suspendedfor 2 days for an arousedoppositionon the groundsthat its members
article considered prejudicial to Iraq's President were not membersof the Chamberof Deputies.
'Abd al-Salam'Arif, it was reported. Nov. 18: A new Cabinetwas announcedwith mem-
Kahtan Hamadah, a former deputy who was bersas follows:
sentencedto a year's imprisonmentfor complicity 'Uwayni: Premier and Minister of Defense
with Mirhaj, was acquittedby the military court Nasim Majdalini: Deputy Premier, Minister of
of appeal, it was reported. Justice

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CHRONOLOGY 79

Philip Taqla: Foreign Affairs Baqqiish became Justice Minister, replacing 'Abd
Bahij Taqi al-Din: National Economy al-RahmanQalhuid,now Mufti of Libya. Other
Maurice Zuwayn: Guidance, Information, and new Ministers were MuhtammadMansiiri, Public
Tourism Works; Fadhil al-'Amir, Interior;Mansur Ka'bar,
Pierre Jumayyil: Public Works National Economy;and Mustafa ibn Zikri, former
'Uthmanal-Dana:Finance Mayorof Tripoli, Health.
Edward Hunayn: Labor and Social Affairs Nov. 4: A new Civil Service Law was issued in-
Ya'qiubal-Sarraf:Health creasingpay for all governmentemployees,ranging
Taqi al-Din al-Sulh: Interior from ?360 to ?480 per year for the lowest-grade
Antoine Sahn5wi: Posts and Telegraphs and ?2,250 to ?3,000 a year for top ranking
Najib Salihah: Planning officials.
'All 'Arab: Agriculture Nov. 6: It was reportedthat crude oil production
Ghalib ShThin: Education during Septemberdecreasedby 14,437 b/d from
'Uwayni and Taqla are the only memberswho are the all-timerecordof 917,224 b/d achievedin Au-
not Deputies. gust.
Nov. 24: An agreementwas signed with the UN It was reported that Phillips Petroleum has
World Food Programunderwhich the organization tested a new well in Concession90 at a rate of
will provide 3,288 tons of wheat and 480 tons of 1,730 b/d of 480 API crude and AmericanOver-
maize to Lebanon,it was reported. The aid will seas (Amoseas) tested anotherin Concession47 at
help in reclamationand afforestationprojects. a rate of 850 b/d of 27.10 API oil.
Nov. 27: It was reportedthat 8 trade unions repre- Nov. 7: Royal LibyanAirlines becamean independent
senting workers at Shell, Lepco, Total, the IPC corporationwithin the CommunicationsMinistry,
refinery,Tapline and Mobil have been grantedper- with a capital of ?2 m. and exclusive flight rights
mission by the Ministryof Laborand Social Affairs within Libya. Foreign airlines were forbiddento
to form a federationto be known as the Federation operateto and from Libya,except under reciprocal
of PetroleumEmployeesand Workers'Unions. agreements.
Nov. 13: Oasis Company'sGialo field has started
producing at the rate of 32,000 b/d, it was re-
Libya ported.
The discoverywas announcedof Mobil Oil's well
(See also, General)
No. JJ1, in Concession 11, testing at a rate of
1964 216 b/d of 43.50 oil from a 3,260-ft. depth.

Sept. 25: It was reported that the town of Barce,


destroyedby an earthquakelast February,will be
rebuilt 4 kms. from the old site, along the lines Morocco
of a plan submittedby the US firm Lublin Mc-
Gaugh. (See also, General,Tunisia)
Sept. 28: Maj. Gen. MahmudBuguetin,Commander-
in-Chief of Public SecurityForces,died. 1964
Oct. 9: Libya Shell has completedtests on its well Sept. 10: In Rabat,the MoroccanNational Students'
No. Di in Concession52 in western Libya,it was Union ended its 6-day annual congressand called
reported. It produced3 million cubic feet of gas for a "popular"governmentand a new constitution
and 166 b/d of condensate(640 API) in the last to solve the "present crisis" it attributedto the
test. "bankruptcyof the reactionaryand feudal regime,"
Oct. 11: Thirty-threecandidateswere re-elected to it was reported.
the House of Representativesin yesterday'selec- Sept. 14: MuhammadHalawi, presidentof the Na-
tions. Altogether, more than 200 candidatesran tional Students'Union, was taken into custodyand
for the 103 seats. Nine Cabinetministersnow have questionedabout the activities of certainmembers
seats in the House, among whom are the newly of the Union, it was reported.
elected Ministersof Justice,Education,Information Sept. 18: Halawi was arrested. His lawyer said he
and Labor. was charged with "complicityin threateningthe
Oct. 16: Esso was reportedto have made a new dis- internalsecurityof the state."
coveryin Concession6. Well No. HH1, about 12 Sept. 25: At the opening session of the 2-day Third
kms. northeastof the Zelten field, tested at 1,968 Congress of the General Federationof Moroccan
b/d. Students (UGEM), an affiliate of the Istiqlal
Oct. 23: It was reportedthat Esco-Libyahas set up Party, Istiqlal president 'Allal al-Fasi accusedthe
its own masonryplant to manufactureblocks, tiles governmentof "curtailingindividual liberty, ob-
and girders, all previouslyimported. structing democracy,and violating parliamentary
Oct. 29: A government reshuffle was announced. rule,"it was reported.
Muntasir remained Premier and 'Abd al-Hamid Oct. 5: Oil workersaffiliatedwith the UMT (Union

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80 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

Marocainedu Travail) went on strikedemandinga Nov. 27: It was learnedthat Hasan will visit Tunisia
30 per cent wage increaseand the creationof "The on December5.
National PetroleumOffice," a state agency to re-
place foreign companies,it was reported.
Oct. 7: King Hasan II's official visit to Tunisia on
October 9 was postponed for no given reason, it Pakistan
was reported. (See also, General,Kashmir)
Oct. 12: Economy Minister MuhammadSharqPwi
said in a TV interview that 210 million dirhams 1964
will be saved next year by the new currencytrans-
fer restrictionsannouncedin last week's austerity Sept. 1: PresidentMohammadAyub Khan renewed
measures,which included the abolition of annual an appeal for improvedrelations with India and
travel allowancesof 350 dirhams in currencyfor suggesteda joint effort to harnessthe annualfloods
Moroccanresidentsgoing abroadand strictercon- of the Ganges and BrahmaputraRivers.
trol of capitaltransfers. Sept. 3: Accordingto the Planning Commissionthe
Oct. 13: About 20 factoriesin Casablancaclosed for Third Five-YearPlan startingon July 1, 1965 has
lack of fuel resulting from the oil workers'strike. an estimatedgross expenditureof Rs. 52,000 mil-
Troops had to distributegasoline and diesel oil to lion-Rs. 34,000 m. in the public and RS. 18,000
vital industries;low fuel stocksat main distribution m. in the private sectors. Some Rs. 14,000 was
centers threatenedparalysisof road traffic,Maaroc allocated for agriculturaldevelopment.
Informationsdisclosed. Sept. 4: USAID agreed to provide a $3.8 million
Oct. 14: The AttorneyGeneral initiated proceedings loan for the installation of a third 40-MW unit
in Rabatto dissolve the National Students'Union, and auxiliaryfacilities at the KarnafuliPower Sta-
it was reported. The warrant stated that the tion in East Pakistan,it was reported.
"statute of the Federationdoes not comply with Sept. 6: Jai PrakashNarayan, head of the India-
the provision of the Dahir issued on 21 June Pakistan Conciliation Group in India, conferred
1963," which forbids studentsnot enrolled in uni- with Ayubin Karachi.
versities and institutionsof higher learningto join Sept. 8: CommerceMinister Wahiduz Zaman dis-
in any studentfederation. closed an agreementto sell $10 million-worthof
Oct. 21: Al-'Al3m reportedthat Francehas agreedin goods to Indonesiaon one year'scredit.
principle to reciprocatesocial security coverageof Sept. 10: The weekly magazine Outlook, reportedly
salaried Moroccanworkers in France and French "criticalof governmentpolicy," went out of busi-
workers in Morocco. It will affect about 20,000 ness becauseof the refusalof printshopsto produce
Moroccanworkers'families in Morocco. it and "mountingpressures"which the editor and
Nov. 5: The Crown favored an Opposition (Istiqlal publisher, Iqbal Hasan Burney, attributedto the
and National Union of Popular Forces) call on West Pakistan Press and Publications Ordinance
September14 for an extraordinarysession of the of 1963.
House of Representativesto consider agrarianre- Sept. 13: National Assemblymanand formerCabinet
form, recoveryof foreign-ownedlands, nationaliza- Minister Maulvi Farid Ahmed was arrestedfor 2
tion of the sugar industryand legislationregarding months in Lahore to prevent him from actions
the foreign press. One third of the House had re- "prejudicialto public safety or maintenanceof
quested the session, but there was a conflict over publicorder,"it was reported.
its legality. Sept. 14: Three "opposition"newspapersin Dacca
Nov. 12: The extraordinarysession was adjourned were ordered not to publish "certainnews about
until after the close of the ordinarysession which studentsfor a month."
starts on November 18. There were "no tangible Officialsin Karachiannouncedthat Ayub has ac-
results"becauseof the legality conflict. ceptedinvitationsto visit the USSR and Red China.
Nov. 15: The First Vice Presidentof the UAR, 'Abd No dateswere given.
al-Hakim 'Amir, began a 5-day visit, it was re- Sept. 18: Dacca police fired on studentsparadingin
ported. memory of 2 colleagues killed on September17,
Nov. 20: Frenchaid rose to F260 million, compared 1960, injuring 3 of them, 2 seriously, it was re-
to F210 m. for 1963, it was reported-F200 m. ported.
($41 m.) in long term loans and F60 m. short Sept. 20: The Joint Oppositionin Pakistancompleted
term loans-and Frenchexport creditswere insured plans for the presidential campaign and named
for F120 m. Miss Fatima Jinnah, sister of Pakistan'sfounder,
The Cabinethas approvedthe 1965 draftbudget: as its candidate.
revenue was estimated at DH2,154,000,000, ex- Fazlul Qader Chowdhury,Speaker of the Na-
penditure, DH2,094,000,000, giving a surplus of tional Assembly,and 12 colleaguesarrivedin Mos-
DH 60 million. In 1964, the estimateddeficit on cow on a 14-dayvisit.
the ordinarybudget was DH246 million, on the Sept. 29: Miss Jinnah'ssupportersheld a nationwide
capital budget DH819 million, it was reported. "day of protest" against the government, dis-

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CHRONOLOGY 81

rupting traffic and closing shops in Dacca. In to cast ballots for 40,000 presidential electors.
Hyderabad,there was a "huge procession,"of stu- Voting ends November9.
dents; Rawalpindiwas quiet; and the shutdownin Nov. 4: It was reportedthat 8 persons have been
Karachiwas "spotty,"it was reported. killed since the balloting,4 of them today.
Sept. 30: The Works Ministry disclosed that Red Nov. 5: The Presidentdonated$10,000 to the Bert-
China has completed its part of the old caravan rand Russell Peace Foundationand agreed to be-
route betweenSinkiangProvinceand Gilgit, sched- come a sponsor,it was reported.
uled to be openedby May, 1965. Nov. 7: Alleged violence near polling stations has
Miss Jinnah opened her campaign in Karachi resultedin 3 more deaths and injury to about 300
and chargedthat the governmenthad created "an persons,it was reported.
atmosphereladen with fear and reeking with cor- ShaykhMujiburRahman,a leader of the Com-
ruption"and that the issues "are essentiallymoral bined OppositionParties,was arrestedin Dacca on
and political,"it was reported. "unspecifiedchargesof sedition,"but was released
Oct. 1: Ayub said in Karachihe wanted to "normal- on postingbail.
ize" relationswith the USSR but that such a move Nov. 9: The governmentannouncedthat the Presi-
was "dependenton whether Russia will continue dent had retired from military service, effective
to arm India against us or not." February16, 1960.
Indian Prime Minister Lal BahadurShastri said Nov. 10: Ballotingfor 40,000 more electorsbegan in
that he had acceptedan invitation to lunch with East Pakistan.
Ayubin Karachion October12. Nov. 16: Five persons were injured, one seriously,
Oct. 2: The Presidentbegan his re-electioncampaign in clashes between 200 persons, presumablygov-
and assured Pakistanthat the race would be con- ernment and opposition supporters,as a leading
ducted with "decorumand decency." opposition member, Lt. Gen. Mohammad Azad
Oct. 7: Exports to South Africa were banned in Khan arrived in Lahore airport after an election
compliancewith a UN resolution of November 6, tour of East Pakistan,it was reported.
1962. Nov. 18: About 200,000 West Pakistanibus, truck
Oct. 9: West Pakistan'sHigh Court orderedthe re- and cab driverswent on strikeagainsta law which
lease of 44 leaders of the Jamaat-i-Islami,includ- requires trial for murder, with a possible death
ing Abul Ala Maudoodiand Farid Ahmad. penalty,of driversresponsiblefor fatal accidents.
Oct. 11: At least 1,200 personswere reportedto have Nov. 21: It was announcedthat morethan 40 million
died of cholera after the recent floods in Sylhet, of 110 million citizensparticipatedin the elections.
East Pakistan. Influenzaand typhoid also were re- Nov. 26: Seven candidatesfor presidentwere nomi-
ported. nated, 3 more than the maximum. Bhutto was one
Oct. 12: Shastriand Ayub stated in Karachithat In- of them. The National Assembly in joint session
dian-Pakistanirelations "needed to be improved" will eliminate3 candidates.
through promotion of better understandingand Nov. 29: Restrictionson the press since 1960 have
settlementof disputes "on an honorableand equi- been made "more liberal," accordingto Ghulam
table basis." Nabi Memon, West Pakistan'sLaw Minister, by
Oct. 15: Miss Jinnah told some 300,000 welcomers limiting the arbitrarypowers of district officers.
in Dacca that the choice in the elections was not
betweenindividualsbut betweensystems:"dictator-
ship" or "freedomand dignity." She was reported PalestineProblem
to have a strong following in East Pakistan.
Pakistanand Rumaniadecidedto establishdiplo- (See also, General,Israel)
matic relations, it was announcedfollowing Pre-
mier Ion GheorgheMaurer's3-dayvisit to Karachi. 1964
Oct. 21: The presidentof the East PakistanFedera- Sept. 1: The Arab foreign ministers allocated LE 1
tion of Labor, Faiz Ahmad, chargedthat "nearly million for the administrationof the Palestine
400" jute workershad been killed since the Octo- Liberationorganization,it was announced.
ber 12 province-wide strike. He attributed the Sept. 3: HIajjAmin al-Husayni,the presidentof the
killings to "hooligans" hired by employers and Arab Higher Committee for Palestine, said in
asked for a governmentinquiry. Miss Jinnah sup- Beirut that Ahmad al-Shuqayri,the chairmanof
portedhis request. the Executive Committeeof the Palestine Libera-
Oct. 22: FormerGovernorGeneral and Prime Min- tion Organization,had "exceededhis duties by lay-
ister KhwajaNazimuddindied in Dacca of a heart ing down a charterand a statute for the Palestine
attack. entity contraryto the wishes of the Palestinians,"
Oct. 29: The Presidentcampaignedin East Pakistan. and that the resolutions of the JerusalemConfer-
Oct. 30: Red China'sForeignMinisterMarshalChen ence of last May 28 were "all null and void."
Yi conferred in Karachi with Foreign Minister Sept. 5: It was reported that a delegation, headed
ZulfikarAli Bhutto. by Shuqayri,will representPalestinein the Second
Oct. 31: Voters went to the polls in West Pakistan ArabSummitin Alexandria.

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82 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

Sept. 10: The Second Arab Summit approved in plan on Palestinefor the next UN GeneralAssem-
principle the formation of a "Palestine Entity," bly's session.
and approved a plan to establish and finance a Oct. 14: SecretaryGeneralU Thant said that in the
Palestinian army under a unified command and year ending July 31 the UNEF has kept the area
based at Gaza and Sinai-regions offeredby Egypt. free of "any serious incidents."
Two Arabs were killed and 2 Israeli soldiers Oct. 17: Shuqayrisaid that the Palestine Liberation
wounded in a clash in the Negev, Tel Aviv army Organizationwas preparingto send 5 delegations
headquarters said. to 50 countries, including nonaligned and Latin
Sept. 13: The Israeli Cabinet appealed for world Americanstates,to canvasssupportin the UN, and
repudiationof the proposedPalestinianArmy and that 'IzzatTannaswill head its New York office.
reiteratedPremierLevi Eshkol's statementin Jan- Oct. 19: Shuqayrisaid that the Organizationwill "in
uary that "Israelwill draw water from Lake Kin- due course"seek Soviet and Red Chinese"material
eret within the quantitiesalloted her in the unified help," it was reported.
plan." Oct. 26: Shuqayriannouncedthe Organizationwould
Sept. 15: Lt. Col. Wajih al-Madaniof Kuwayt was open offices in Beirut, Damascus,Jerusalem,Gaza
appointed commanderof the Palestine Liberation and Cairo.
Army. Nov. 4: There were reported exchanges of mortar
Sept. 18: An Israeli spokesmansaid frontier police- fire during the past 2 days along the Syrian-Israeli
men shot and killed one of 2 Arab "cattlerustlers" frontier. Israel denied a Syrianchargethat a trac-
nearthe Jordanianfrontier. tor and several trucks penetrated"50 yards into
Israel complainedto the Security Council that al-Nakhila." Both complainedto the UNTSO.
the Arabs had embarkedon a policy of "liqui- The agreementbetween the EuropeanCommon
dating"Israel. Marketand Israel, as well as amendmentsto some
Sept. 24: Following a 2-day meeting of "The Au- of the boycottregulations,will be discussedin the
thority for the Exploitationof the Jordan and its next CentralBoycott Office conferencein Bahrayn
Tributaries"-Jordan River Board-in Damascus, on December 15, the Commissioner General,
SecretaryGeneral of the Arab League al-Hassunah MuhammadMahjfib,announced.
said contractorshad been ordered to begin work Nov. 9: UNRWA CommissionerGeneral Laurence
and that military preparationshave been taken in Michelmore requested a 5-year extension of the
case of "an Israeli attack,"it was reported. refugee aid programand a $37-million budget for
The Syrian Ministry of Economyinstructedall 1965.
banks to begin liquidating their transactionswith Nov. 14: Israel and Syria accused each other of
the Chase ManhattanBank, it was reported. (See, provoking a clash yesterday near the Dan and
July 9 & 10, 1964). ShearYashuvsettlements.Three Israeliswere killed
Sept. 30: It was reportedin Beirut that Israeli forces
and 9 wounded, 7 Syrianskilled and 26 wounded,
in the Mount Scopus area of the Israel-Jordan it was reportedin Jerusalem.
border allegedly stripped 70 yards of newly laid Syrian and Israeli jets fought over the Sea of
gravel from a road which provides access to the Galilee. Syria requestedan urgent session of the
village of Issawiya, adjoining Agusta Victoria Security Council; Israel submitted an 8-page ac-
Hospital (Jordan). cusation.
Nov. 16: The Security Council heard Syrian and
It was reportedin Tel Aviv that an Israeli trac- Israeli statementsbut deferredactionuntil UNTSO
tor driver was wounded by Syrianfire in the de- CommanderLt. Gen. Odd Bull finishedan on-the-
militarizedzone southeastof the Sea of Galilee. spot inspection.
Oct. 3: Accordingto Shuqayri,the Palestine Libera- Nov. 17: U Thant called for 16 additionalUNTSO
tion Organizationwill open permanentheadquar- observersand an additionalbudget of $270,000 for
ters at the UN, and offices in Pakistanand other vehicles and communications,it was reported.
Asian, African and Europeancountries. Nov. 25: Odd Bull said the incident began with
Oct. 4: The Palestine LiberationOrganization'sEx- firing from the Syrianside but quickly flared into
ecutive Committeeassumedofficial duties. heavy firing. Syrian witnesses said Israelis had
In Washington, the Zionist Organization of crossedinto Syria. Bull urged that an independent
America (ZOA) called on the US to promote land survey of the bordersbe undertaken.
direct peace negotiations between Israel and the Nov. 27: Syrianand Israeli delegateseach contended
Arab states becauseof Arab "preparationsfor ag- in the Security Council that the General'sreport
gression,"it was reported. supportedtheir conflictingversionsof the incident.
Oct. 12: Eshkol demandeda stop to West German Britain urged that the survey be taken as a "first
scientists and all other elements aiding Egypt's necessity."
"aggressivewar machine,"it was reported. Nov. 29: The Organization'sExecutive Committee
Oct. 13: Arab League Assistant SecretaryGeneral said a committeewould be set up to draft plans
SayyidNawfal announcedthat the follow-up com- for electing by direct ballot a Palestiniannational
mittee has approveda UAR proposal on a unified assembly.

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CHRONOLOGY 83

The SyrianArab Socialist Ba'th party called for Nov. 4: The Shell Oil Co. announcedin Beirut that
the suspensionof all Arab diplomaticrelationswith it has found enough oil in Oman to begin com-
those backing Israel, and the cessation of Middle mercialproduction,it was reported.
East oil supplies to the West, "if the situation Nov. 9: Taymur said in Riyadh, alluding to the
dictates this measure,"it was reportedin Damas- Shell announcement,"I cannot be responsiblefor
cus. what the people of Omanmay do to these thieves."
In New York, the National Committeefor Labor Nov. 13: It was announcedthat all new commercial
Israel urged West Germanyto forbid its scientists businesses set up in Qatar over the next 3 years
from working in the UAR toward the "final solu- must be wholly owned by Qataris, in accordance
tion" of Israel,it was reported. with LawNo. 9 of 1964.
Nov. 30: France urged the SecurityCouncil to re- Nov. 19: A multi-channelVHF radio-telephonelink
quest a reduction of Syrian and Israeli military between Bahraynand Saudi Arabia, installed and
strength along the border to the levels set by the operatedby Cable and Wireless Ltd., was inaugu-
armisticeagreement. rated. A telegraphcircuit will also be opened, it
was reported.

Persian Gulf
SaudiArabia
1964 (See also, General, Yemen)
Sept. 4: The UN fact-findingmission on Oman ar-
rived in Dammam,SaudiArabia. 1964
Sept. 9: The UN mission left Dammamfor Kuwayt
after meetings with Imam Ghalib ibn 'Ali and Sept. 1: In an interview with al-Nahar of Beirut,
members of the Oman RevolutionaryCouncil, it Amir Faysalcalled for the settlementof the Yemen
was reported. problemin accordancewith the will of the people,
Sept. 15: The chairmanof the OmaniCulturalCom- said he would still consider any aid requestedby
mittee in Cairo, Shaykh MuhammadAl Harithi the Imam and questionedthe survival of the Re-
asked the UN mission that the Omanisbe granted public.
the right of self-determination,it was reported. The JordanianMinister of Interior,Muhammad
Sept. 16: The UN mission left for Londonand New Nazzal al-Armuiti,announced that Saudi Arabia
York for further talks. It will confer in London had appointeda delegationto settle the Jordanian-
with the Sultan of Oman, Sa'id ibn Taymur. Saudi Arabian boundaryquestion.
Sept. 18: It was reported that the Dubai Official Sept. 4: Faysal and the Saudi delegation arrivedin
Gazette will start an overseas informationservice Alexandria for the Second Arab Summit Confer-
to help merchantsrequiringthe advice of foreign ence. The Amir will chair the Conference.
firmson the feasibilityof specificprojects. Sept. 9: Morgan CharlesGarnetMan was appointed
Sept. 25: Oak Industriesof Beirut obtainedfrom the British Ambassadorto Saudi Arabia, it was an-
Ruler of Sharjah a concession to develop com- nounced.
mercialfishing along the Trucial Coast. Sept. 12: Faysal and PresidentNasir discussed the
Oct. 2: The Bahrayn Education Department will Yemenquestion,it was reported.
spend more than Rs. 20 million during the forth- Sept. 14: (See, Yemen).
coming academicyear (Rs. 9,039,000 in 1961-62), Sept. 15: The Ministryof Petroleumand MineralRe-
plus Rs. 2,024,000 for buildings. Five new pri- sources announcedthat the Arabian Oil Company
mary schools will be opened in Manama, East Ltd.'s (Japan) well, Khafji No. 47, flowed at the
Rifa'a and Sitrathis year, it was reported. rate of 5,520 b/d.
MBAPCO(Babrayn Petroleum Co.) has intro- Sept. 19: A Frenchtradedelegationarrivedin Jiddah
duced daily bunkeringserviceat Mina Sulmanwith for petroleumtalks with the Ministryof Petroleum
a capacity of 8,700 barrels of regular and com- and Mineral Resources,it was reported.
mercial oils, it was reported. Sept. 28: It was announcedthat Faysal will lead a
Oct. 9: It was reportedthat QPC (Qatar Petroleum delegationto the second conferenceof nonaligned
Co.) has reducedthe marketingallowancededucted countriesin Cairo.
from profits from 1 per cent of the price to $0.5 Oct. 1: Aramco's $11.5 million developmentpro-
per barrel, similar to the 1963 reduction by the gram was completedwhen 9 wells in the South
IranianConsortiumand by Aramco. Ghawarareawent into production,it was reported.
Oct. 20: Arab League SecretaryGeneral 'Abd al- Oct. 2: It was reportedthat Aramcohas begun work
Khaliq al-Hassunah joined the Kuwayti, Saudi on a $3.3-million project designed to boost pro-
Arabian and Iraqi representativesof the "Fratern- ductionof liquefiedpetroleumgas for offshoresales
ity Mission to the Arab Gulf," in Kuwayt, on a from 12,000 to 18,500 b/d.
tour to coordinateties betweenthe shaykhdomsand The governmentwill spend about SR7.5 million
the Arab League, it was reported. on the constructionof a large reservoirand pipe-

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84 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

lines to carrywater from Ain Zubaidahto Mecca, Ministry of Finance stressed the need to expand
it was announced. productive expendituresonly, to check continued
Oct. 4: Faysalarrivedin Cairo. inflation in current expenditures (reportedly re-
Oct. 8: The internationaltransportationassociation duced from 21 to 9.3 per cent), and to strengthen
of Red Sea shipping companiesapproved a Min- government agencies controlling construction,de-
istry of Communications'requestfor the lifting of velopmentand industrialprojects.
the 10 per cent increasein surchargesat the Jiddah A general amnestywas granted on Faysal's ac-
Port because of improved loading and offloading cessionto the throne.
servicesat the port, it was disclosed. Nov. 7: The British Ambassadorpresentedhis cre-
Oct. 11: On his returnfrom Cairo,it was announced dentialsto the King.
that Faysal had talks with the leaders of Algeria, Nov. 10: Ariir Mish'il ibn Sa'iid, the first of the
Kuwayt, Syria, the UAR and Ethiopia,the Libyan formerKing's sons, pledged allegianceto Faysal.
Crown Prince and with representativesof "occu- The Cabinet approved the Ministry of Educa-
pied SouthArabia." tion's request to open 180 anti-illiteracyschools
The Presidentof Mali, Modibo Keita, arrivedin duringthe academicyear.
Jiddah. Nov. 16: The King approvedthe establishmentin
Oct. 14: The Ministerof Communications, Muhammad Riyadh of a High Judiciary Institute for which
'Umar Tawfiq, signed a contractwith the Saudi SR 2 million was allocated.
Projects and Products Engineering Co. and the Nov. 18: Royal Decree No. 14 was issued, amending
Swedish firm L.M. Erissons ForsaljningsA/E for Articles 7 and 8 of the Regulationsof the Council
an automatictelephonesystemconsistingof 40,000 of Ministers,makingthe King head of the Council
lines to be installed in Riyadh, Mecca, Medina, and makingmembersof the Councilresponsibleto
Jiddah, Dammam, al-Khobar,Dhahran, Qatif, al- him.
Mubarraz,Saihatand Hofuf. Nov. 19: A wireless telephonecircuitbetween Saudi
Oct. 15: PresidentAhmad Sekou Toure of Guinea Arabia and Bahraynand Qatar was inaugurated.
arrivedin Jiddahfrom Ammanon a 3-dayvisit. Nov. 28: The 12 sons of the formerKing were re-
Oct. 17: The 'Ukaz Press and PublishingEstablish- ported to have pledged allegianceto Faysal.
ment began publicationof its first daily newspaper, The Cabinet issued a decision giving the Min-
'Ukaz. istry of Agricultureand Water control over water
Oct. 18: The Afghan and French ambassadorspre- exploration and other matters previously handled
sented their credentialsto Faysal, it was reported. by the water departmentsand 'ayn administrations.
Oct. 20: Faysal received a Sudanesedelegationwho Nov. 30: It was reportedthat a specialadministration
were negotiatingfor bilateralcommercialand pay- for royal palaces,headed by Sulaymanal-Shubayll,
mentsagreements. has been established in the Ministry of Finance
Oct. 21: It was announcedin Riyadh that uranium and NationalEconomy.
ore has been discoveredon the Red Sea coast about
230 miles northof Jiddah.
Oct. 23: At the suggestion of Oil Minister Ahmad Somalia
Zak! Yamani, a committeewas formed to explore
the possibilities of piping natural gas to Riyadh
from the Khuraisfield, instead of the 'Uthmanlyah 1964
gas/oil separationplant as originallyplanned. The Sept. 2: Finance Minister 'Awwil Hajji 'Abdallah
new route would cut the pipeline to 95 miles. will discussfinancialaid for the budget and "other
Oct. 26: The governmenthas awarded210 scholar- problems" with Red China after attending the
ships for Algerians, 10 of them to the College of meeting in Tokyo of the InternationalBank for
Petroleumand Mineral Affairs in Dhahran,it was Reconstructionand Development (IBRD) and the
reported. InternationalMonetary Fund (IMF), it was an-
Nov. 2: The 'ulama' signed a fatwi deposing Sa'fid nouncedin Mogadishu.
ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz and pledging allegianceto Faysal Sept. 28: Premier'Abd al-RazzaqHIajjiHusayn re-
as King. An officialholiday was declaredfor No- ceived 93 votes of confidence,23 against and 1
vember3. abstention,it was reported.
Nov. 3: A joint meeting of the Cabinet and Con- Sept. 30: A censuswould be taken soon, to help the
sultativeCouncil,chairedby Amir Khalid ibn 'Abd implementationof economicassistanceprograms,it
al-'Azlz confirmedthe fatw4 and pledged allegiance was announced.
to the King. The latter said he acceptedthe King- Oct. 3: A contractwas signed with a French com-
ship only at the people'sinsistence,it was reported. pany for the constructionof a new port in Moga-
Royal Order No. 27 stated that the Cabinet dishu, to be financedby the governmentand the
would remain in its present form. IBRD, it was announced.
Nov. 4: The budget for fiscal 1348-1385 A.H. was It was decidedthat the Ministerof Interiorwill
issued, balancedat SR 3,112,000,000. act as Premierin the latter's absence.
Nov. 5: In an explanatorynote on the budget, the Oct. 11: 'Abdallah said in Mogadishu that Red

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CHRONOLOGY 85

China will complete the unbuilt section of the its first well in the eastern Aden Protectoratein
Gelib-Sahlambutroad, and help build a textile the desert 50 miles north of Terim, Wadi Hadra-
factory and a state rice-growingfarm, it was re- mawt.
ported. Sept. 18: Returningto Cairo from a 3-week stay in
Oct. 12: The National Assembly adjourned until Ta'izz, the former Sultan of Fadhli, Ahlmad'Ab-
October31. dallIh al-Fadhli, said he advocatedthe formation
Nov. 12: The IBRD has approveda grant for the of a "Unified LiberationFront for the occupied
new port of Mogadishu,it was reported. Arab South"to include "all liberation"movements,
Nov. 14: The Ambassadorto Ethiopia returnedto it was reported.
Addis Ababa, after an 8-month absence, with a Sept. 19: Journalistsand governmentemployees in
message for the Emperor from President 'Adan Aden reportedlyreceived leaflets threateningthem
'Abdallah 'Uthman. It was believed the message with execution if they "helped the colonialists
was concerningthe dispute over the Ogaden area. against the national liberation front for South
Nov. 18: Husayn was elected as secretarygeneral of Arabia."
the Somali Youth League by a vote of 125 out of Sept. 23: The SAF and Aden received grants from
151. Britain totaling just over ?1 million sterling, in-
Nov. 28: The Presidentasked the SecretaryGeneral cluding about ?133,000 for improvementsto the
of the Organizationof African Unity (OAU) for South Arabian broadcastingservice, it was an-
an urgent meeting of the Council of Ministers to nounced.
deal with the Congo situation and proposed that Sept. 29: The sultanate of Upper 'Awlaqi and the
the OAU requestthe UN to give the problempri- shaykhdomsof 'Alawl and Muflahi were formally
ority consideration. admittedto the SAF, it was reported.
Oct. 14: Tribesmen, described as "anti-Egyptian,"
armed with machine guns, bazookasand mortars,
South ArabianFederation reportedlykilled 15 dissidentSouthArabiantribes-
men and wounded 42 in the southeasternborder
(See also, General) town of al-Beidha, breakingup a meeting of 60
personsthere.
1964 Oct. 16: About 6,000 of Aden's 8,000 voterswent to
Sept. 1: It was reportedthat 2 grenadeswere thrown the polls to elect 16 membersof the Legislature.
from a car at the gates of the RAF base at Khor- Those elected, including 7 to be appointedby the
maksar.Therewere no casualties. British Commissioner,will select a Chief Minister.
Sept. 2: Rebels in Dathina reportedlyfired on gov- The elections were run on non-partylines.
ernmentbuildings in Mudhiya,the capital, causing Oct. 18: Ten of the 12 old membersof the Legis-
no damage. laturewere re-elected;the 6 new membersincluded
Sept. 5: On the Dathina-Lower 'Awlaqi border, Khalifah 'Abdallah Hassan Khalifah, imprisoned
rebels fired on a civilian truck, killing the driver. since the Aden airportincidentlast December,and
Sept. 9: The South ArabianLeague,which seeks an Zayn 'AbduhBahariun.
independentSouth Arabia, anouncedit would not The Ministry of Educationordered the closing
contest the forthcoming elections for the Aden of 3 Aden schools, until further notice, because
Legislative Council. A spokesmanfor the Aden studentsprotestingagainst securitymeasurestaken
PSP said, on the other hand, that no decision has during the elections were absent since yesterday,
been reachedon its attitude toward the elections. it was reported.
Sept. 10: The Aden governmenthas rejectedan offer Oct. 25: Baharuinbegan consultationson the forma-
of ?2 million sterling British aid, it was reported. tion of a new Cabinet.
The FinanceMinister,'Abd al-HamidGhanim,who Oct. 26: Khalifahwas released.
brought back the offer (?1 million direct, and a Oct. 28: The owner and editor of the Aden English-
further ?1 million low interestloan) refused com- languageweekly the Recorder said his license was
ment, but there were reports the government revoked. The paper reportedlyopposed the elec-
wanted the full sum as a loan or be allowed to tions as well as the reappointmentof Premier
seek aid fromforeigncountries. Bahariinwho did not have the supportof the ma-
Sept. 11: In a memorandumto the Second Arab jority of elected members. No official reason was
Summit,dated September7, the SAF appealedfor given.
an end to "aggressionby Yemen," charging her Oct. 30: Baharun announceda Cabinet. 'Abd al-
with "subversion,"and creating "disorder under RahlimQasim Muhammaddid not accept the post
the veil of fighting British colonialism." It drew of Ministerof Laborand Welfare. Othermembers
attention to the London conference'sdecision for follow:
full independenceby 1968 and said it needed sta- Hasan 'All Bayiimi: Minister of State
bility to completeits unity and build up its econ- Hasan Ismt'il Khan: Works and Water
omy. 'AbduhSulaymanal-Adhal: Finance
Sept. 15: The Pan-AmericanOil Co. began drilling HasanSubhi: Constitutional Affairs

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86 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

HIasanMu'ti: ReligiousEndowments Oct. 3: The ForeignMinistrydenied UN allegations


Mustafa'Abdallah'Abduh: Local Government that Sudan was among the African countriesdeal-
Ahmad Salim Matari: Lands and Antiquities ing with SouthAfrica.
Nov. 1: Baharan has reportedly asked the acting Oct. 22: Studentsheld a meeting at KhartumUni-
High Commissioner,ThomasOates, to press for an versity on the problem of the south. "Bitterness
early date for the next London constitutionalcon- and opposition against the military regime" de-
ference. veloped and resultedin a riot, it was reported.
Nov. 10: Five Europeanswere injured when a res- Oct. 23: In Khartumand Omdurman,studentsover-
taurantin Aden largely patronizedby British serv- turnedand wreckedseveralautomobilesand caused
icemenwas bombed,it was reported. other damage, it was reported. They were dis-
Nov. 17: The UN SpecialCommitteeon Colonialism persedby the police.
resolved it "regretted"Britain'srefusal to admit a Oct. 24: Anti-governmentdemonstratorsattackedand
UN group to Aden. The British delegate, Cecil attemptedto burn the US Embassyin Khartum,it
King, said that the resolution was "out of touch was reported in Cairo. A US State Department
with the facts" and that his governmentreserved spokesmansaid Washingtonhad not receivednews
"its complete freedom of action with regard to of any renewed rioting but added that yesterday
Aden at this time." rioters broke 2 windows of the embassyand tried
Nov. 26: Anthony Greenwood, the new Colonial to burn the USIS library. He said the riots were
Secretary,flew to Aden for a 10-day visit, it was "purelyinternal,"not anti-American.
reported. Oct. 25: Three persons were killed and hundreds
Nov. 27: Pan-Americanceased drilling after failing were arrestedin anti-governmentdemonstrationsin
to find oil at a depth of 3,600 feet, it was re- Khartum,it was reported. Five others have died
ported. duringthe last 4 days.
Nov. 28: Two British servicemenwere killed and Oct. 26: President Ibrahim 'Abbad dissolved the
another seriously injured in 2 grenade attacks in Supreme Council of the Armed Forces and dis-
an Aden bar; 2 other bombingsinjured 6 persons; missed the Cabinet,it was reportedin Cairo.
and in Little Aden, a bomb exploded near the Oct. 27: 'Abbuidannounced the formation of a
British army camp and another outside a movie "transitionalgovernment"until the drafting of a
theater,it was reported. new constitution.
Nov. 30: In the House of Commons,the Colonial About 150 Sudanese students demonstratedin
ParliamentaryUndersecretary,Mrs. Eirene White, front of their embassyin Moscow demandingthe
charged that the Cairo-basedNational Liberation dissolution of the SupremeCouncil of the Armed
Front was involved in the Aden bombings and Forces and the Cabinet, it was reported;in Bel-
said the British Ambassadorin Cairo has instruc- grade, 60 of them invadedtheir embassyand vowed
tions to take up the matter with the UAR "ur- to stay until 'Abbiidresigned. No effort was made
gently." to evict them.
Oct. 28: Omdurmanradio reportedthe Presidentde-
clared martial law and ordered striking govern-
ment workersto return to work immediately.
Sudan Oct. 29: Reports from Khartum indicated that at
(See also, General) least 20 persons were killed yesterdayand many
more were injured when securityforces fired on a
1964 crowdoutside the President'spalace,it was learned
in London.
Sept. 4: It was learnedthat the IBRD has tentatively Oct. 30: A coalition governmentwas formed. The
agreed to lend the Sudanese Railway Authority Army and the National Front chose Sirr al-Khat-im
?Sud. 10 million. al-Khallfah as Premier. The rest of the Cabinet
Sept. 5: The MilitaryGovernorannouncedon August follows:
31 that outlaws attackedKwajena village school, MubarakZ7rruq: Finance and Economics
killing its northern headmasterand his assistant, ClementMboro: Interior
and injuring 2 other schoolmastersand a road in- AmbroseWol: Communications
spector. Meanwhile, the Cabinet continued dis- Al-AminMuhammadal-Amin: Health
cussions on the situation in the south, it was re- AhmadSulayman:Agriculture
ported. MuhammadAhmadMahjuib:Foreign Affairs
Sept. 18: It was disclosedthat the foreign trade gap 'AbdinIsma'il: Local Government
had risen from ?Sud. 10.3 million in 1962 to ?Sud. 'Abd al-Rahmanal-'Akib: Works and Mineral
18.9 million in 1963; exports were worth ?Sud. Resources
78.7 million comparedwith ?Sud. 79 million in Khal5fallah Babakir: Information and Labor
1962; 1963 importsrose to ?Sud. 97.6 million. Rah.matallah'Abdallah:Education
Oct. 2: The Cabinet approved the creation of a 'Abd al-Karim Mirghani: Commerce, Industry
SudaneseStockExchange,it was announced. and Supply

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CHRONOLOGY 87

Muhammadalih 'Umar: AnimalResources finery and 3 power plants. Syria will buy loco-
Ahmadal-SayyidHamad: Irrigation motives and road-buildingequipment.
Oct. 31: The Cabinetwas sworn in, ending 6 years Sept. 16: An agreementwas signed for the German
of military rule, it was reported. Telefunken Co. to establish a television assembly
Nov. 10: Omdurmanradio reported a military at- plant. Partswill be imported,but in 5 years Sa'di
tempt to seize power. A governmentspokesman said, 70 per cent of the parts will be manufactured
called the report a "rumor." The Communist locally.
Party,however, owned responsibilityof the report, Sept. 20: An economicmission similarto one which
hailed as "heroic"a member'seffort for the broad- toured Eastern Europe will be sent to Western
cast, and insisted there were "realgrounds for it." Europe, the governmentannounced.
A dispatch from Cairo indicated that demon- Sept. 26: An agreementwas signed with the French
strators have attackedthe US, British and UAR firm S.I.T. for a comprehensivesurveyof the road
embassiesin Khartum. network and the preparationof a long-termplan
Nov. 11: It was announcedthat the governmenthas for its improvementand expansion. It will be fi-
invited 9 southernpoliticians to Khartumto par- nancedby funds from the $8,500,000 loan granted
ticipatein efforts to find a basis for discussionson earlier this year by the InternationalDevelopment
northand south differences. Agency to the economic developmentplan.
Demonstrationsin Khartumreportedlydisrupted Sept. 28: FormerPresidentAdib al-Shishakli,exiled
public services and kept foreignersoff the streets. since 1954, was slain on a street in Ceres, Brazil,
The Cabinetapprovedthe release of 33 "politi- it was reported.
cal prisoners of the southern provinces," in ac- Sept. 29: Police in Goias, Brazil, arrested2 Syrian
cordancewith the National Charter, Cairo radio suspects,it was reportedin Rio de Janeiro.
reported,quoting Omdurmanradio. Oct. 3: Bitar resignedand togetherwith Mansuiral-
Nov. 14: A report from Khartumsaid 'Abbud has Atrashleft the PresidencyCouncil,it was reported.
been forcedto resign. Oct. 4: A new Cabinetwas announcedand members
Nov. 15: 'Abbiudformally resigned, it was reported of the new PresidencyCouncil were named. Five
in Khartum. Khalifah disclosed that a 5-man from the old Cabinet retained their posts: the
presidency council would take over presidential Ministers of Planning, Foreign Affairs, Education,
duties, as providedby the provisionalConstitution. Defense and Waqfs. The other posts were filled as
Nov. 20: It was learnedthat the SouthernFront has follows:
refused to nominate a "southernmember"of the Amin al-Hafiz:Premier
new electoral commission,being organizedfor the Nur al-Din Atasi: Deputy Premier
electionsscheduledfor next March. Walid Talib: PresidentialAffairs
Nov. 21: The Cabinetdecidedto release all military 5aldhMaahamid:MunicipalAffairs
prisonersand detainees. 'Abd al-Fattahal-Biishi: Finance
IbrThimBitar: Economy
Sulaymanal-Khush: Cultureand National Guid-
Syria ance
HusaynMuhanna:Justice
(See also, General,Algeria,Kuwayt,Palestine 'Abd al-KarimJundi: AgrarianReform;Interior
Problem,UAR) (Acting)
Mustafa'IzzatNassar: Health
1964 JamidShayya:Supply
Sept. 3: 'Adil al-Sa'di, Minister of Industry,left for MuhammadTujar: Public Works
economic talks in Prague, where he will join a Sam!Fakhiiri: Communications
delegationwhich has completedeconomictalks in MashharZaytuin:Information
the Soviet Union and Poland, it was reported. Hishamal-'As: Industry
Sept. 7: The UN Technical Assistance Administra- Presidency Council: Hafiz, president; $alah al-
tion has grantedtechnicalaid worth $473,000 for Jadid, Muhammad'Umran,Atdsi, and YuisufZayn.
a rural developmentprogram to be implemented Oct. 7: An agreementwas signed between the Eu-
by the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs, phrates Dam Scheme Authority and a consortium
the Ministryof Planningannounced. of West German companiesfor the building of
Sept. 10: France indicated it would participatein the dam, it was reported.
economic developmentprojects and increase trade Oct. 10: The Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs
with Syria,it was reportedfollowing talks between has reportedlydrafted a bill for the opening of
Premier$alaIhal-Din al-Bitar and a visiting dele- centersfor the care of foundlings under its super-
gation led by the Deputy Speakerof the National vision.
Assembly. Oct. 17: The Ministry of Agrarian Reform seized
Sept. 12: Sa'di said in Damascusthat Czechoslovakia about 195,000 dunumsof land for distributionto
has signed a 5-yearagreementfor the construction some 700 families in Damascus, Idleb, Aleppo,
of several flour.mills, a sugar factory,new oil re- Keneitra and Hama governorates.

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88 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

Oct. 21: An embassyin Yemen and 20 diplomatic lion at the official exchange rate) as of July 31,
posts in Africawould be opened,it was announced. 1964, it was reported.
Oct. 24: The annualmilitarymaneuversbegan, with Sept. 11: PresidentHabib Bourguiba (Bui-Raqibah)
observers from the Arab Unified Military Com- returnedto Tunis from Switzerland,where he had
mand and other Arab armies,it was reported. been treatedfor a throat ailment, it was reported.
Oct. 26: Ahmad Kaftaro was elected as General Sept. 16: Foreign Affairs MinisterMunaji Salim be-
Mufti of Syria for the next 3 years, it was an- gan an officialvisit to Yugoslavia.
nounced. Sept. 19: The Ford Foundationannounceda grant of
Oct. 29: Hafiz underwenta successfulkidney opera- $300,000 to help send 100 Tunisian students to
tion in Paris, it was reported. Americanand Britishuniversities.
Nov. 1: Air servicewith Sofia,Bulgaria,was opened, Sept. 20: In a communiqueSalim and the Yugoslav
bringing the total of internationalairlines serving Foreign Minister indicated that the policy of
Damascusto 15. "peaceful coexistence" be "codified" among the
Nov. 2: The PresidencyCouncil approvedthe Arab principlesof the UN.
EconomicUnity Council's resolution of August 3 Sept. 26: The Neo-Destour announcedthe postpone-
on the creation of an Arab common market. ment of its congressfrom October9 to the 19th.
Nov. 5: The PresidencyCouncil abolishedthe mili- Sept. 28: The Minister of Finance and Planning,
tary councils formed on July 18, 1963, and the Ahmad bin Salih, announceda 21 per cent de-
national securitycourts formed in April last year. valuationof the dinar.
Nov. 6: Thousands of demonstratorsreportedly Oct. 1: The administrativecommissionof the Fed-
paradedin Damascusagainst Iraqi President'Abd eration of LaborUnions (UGTT) demanded"im-
al-Salam'Arif. mediate compensationfor the increase in cost of
Nov. 8: An agreementwas signed for ?S 19 million living resulting from the financial measures just
worth of US technicalaid. The sum representsthe takenby the government,"it was reportedin Tunis.
balanceof a ?S 73 million long-termloan of 1959. Franco-Tunisianagreements,signed in 1959 and
Nov. 9: Ibrahimal-Bitar headed an economic dele- revised severaltimes since, ceased to be effective.
gation that left for Paris. Bourguibaagreed to run unopposedfor re-elec-
Nov. 11: Hafiz met with Presidentde Gaulle. tion in November,it was reported.
Nov. 12: Hafiz returnedto Damascus. Oct. 9: The Cabinetdecidedto freeze rents in effect
Nov. 15: "Specialadministrativemeasures"were de- as of September30 and to reduce rents for gov-
creed applicableto Keneitraand Hassakagovernor- ernment-controlledlodging to compensatefor the
ates as border zones with Israel, and Turkey and effects of the currencydevaluation,it was reported.
Iran respectively.A general amnestywas granted Oct. 16: The UG'" retractedits demands.
to all political prisoners, except cases involving Oct. 19: The Neo-Destourcongressopened.
high treason, homicide and espionage, it was re- Oct. 22: Bourguibawas re-electedPresidentof the
ported. Destourian Socialist Party, formerly the Neo-
Nov. 21: Under a cultural cooperationagreement Destour.
Franceagreedto set up a fully staffedand equipped Oct. 31: Storms, torrentialrains and floods during
electricalvocationaltrainingcenter. the past 48 hours claimed28 lives, it was reported.
Nov. 22: About 75 Algerians arrived in Damascus Nov. 9: Bourguibawas re-elected.
for free education. Nov. 11: A revised Cabinetand party political bu-
Nov. 23: Ba'th PartySecretaryGeneralMichel Aflaq reauwas announcedas follows:
returnedto Damascusfrom Rome after a 5-months BThi Ladgham:Secretaryto the Presidencyand
absence. for NationalDefense
A team of experts representinga West German Munaji Salim: Personal Representativeof the
consortiumwhich will carryout the EuphratesDam President
Schemearrivedin Damascus. Hadi Kefacha: Justice
Nov. 30: An agreement,based on the 1962 bilateral Bourguiba,Jr.: ForeignA?fairs
culturalpact, was signed for the exchangeof Soviet TayyibMahri: Interior
and Syrian students, scholarships, scientific and Alhmad bin Salih: Planning and Economic
journalisticmissions in 1964 and 1965. Affairs
MuhammadMas'adih: Education
Khaldi Klibi: CulturalAffairs
Tunisia Mundhirbin 'Ammar: Youth, Sports,and Social
Affairs
(See also, General)
AhmadNiural-Din: Public Worksand Housing
1964 FathiZuhayr: PublicHealth
'Abd al-MajidShakir: Informationand Orienta-
Sept. 5: The Central Bank's foreign exchange re- tion
serves declined from 24.4 million dinars in De- 'Abdallah Farhat: Post, Telephone and Tele-
cember1963 to 10 million dinars (almost $24 mil- graphAffairs

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CHRONOLOGY 89

Political bureau: Ladgham, General Secretary; Oct. 9: Crude oil productionhas doubled this year
Mahri, bin Salih and Bourguiba,Jr., Adjoint Gen- (700,000 tons in 1963), accordingto Minister of
eral Secretaries;Salim, Treasurer;Mas'adih,Shakir, Power and Natural ResourcesHudai Oral, and the
Hadi Nuwayrah, MuhammadM'Zali, Muhammad 1965 outputwill exceed 1.5 million tons. However,
Sayyahi,Ahmad Mastirl, Ahmad Tlili, Sadduik there are transportationdifficulties.
Muqaddamand Ilabib 'Ashur,members. Oct. 16: Oral said that a majorpower station would
Nov. 24: Salim representedBourguiba at the Na- have to be built eachyear in orderto raise electrical
tional Day celebrationsin Rabatand discussedwith output from the present 4,500m. KWh to the
officialsKing HJasan'sforthcomingvisit to Tunisia. 6,500m. KWh targetfor 1967 underthe Five Year
Plan, it was reported.
Oct. 19: Erkin has acceptedSoviet Foreign Minister
Andrei Gromyko'sinvitation to visit Moscow on
October 30, the Foreign Ministry announced.
Turkey Oct. 22: A relief unit of 335 soldiers left for Fama-
(See also, General,Cyprus) gusta, Cyprus,following agreementon the rotation
of troops. (See, Cyprus,Oct. 22).
1964 Oct. 26: Twenty-threeothermembersof the Menderes
governmentwere released becauseof ill health or
Sept. 3: PremierIsmet In6nii told an emergencyses- old age, it was reported.
sion of Parliament (called from summer recess Oct. 28: The associationagreementwith the Euro-
yesterday) that Greece was moving toward war pean Economic Community (EEC) was ratified,
"with her eyes closed," it was reported. If such with effect on December 1, 1964.
a war broke out, he said, the Cyprus problem Oct. 31: Erkin pressed home his country'sviews on
would become of secondaryimportance. Cyprus during 2 talks with Gromyko. He is the
Turkey protestedto the UAR about its "hostile first Cabinetministerto visit Moscow in 25 years,
attitude" toward Turkey in the communiquefol- it was reported.
lowing Makarios' last visit to Cairo, it was re- Nov. 6: Erkin returnedto Ankarawith
portedin Ankara. promisesof
increasedSoviet trade, and supporton Cyprus. A
Sept. 5: The Parliamentopened "full-scale debate" communiquewas published expressing Soviet and
on Cyprus following In6nii's renewed warning of Turkish support of Cyprus'independenceand the
possiblewar with Greece. legal rights of the 2 national communities,it was
Sept. 9: The emergencysession ended. In6nii in- reported.
formed critical deputies that Turkey will remain Nov. 7: Bayarwas releasedbecauseof deteriorating
in NATO. health,it was announced.
Sept. 11: The USSR and Turkey will build a high Nov. 20: A Ministry of Commercecommittee on
dam on their Arpacay river boundary, it was agriculturalcredits recommendedthat only groups
learned. of 7 personsratherthan individualfarmersshould
Sept. 14: The Cabinetpostponedthe shipmentof sup- receive credits. New cooperativesshould be given
plies to TurkishCypriotesin Kokkina,at UN Sec- at once 20-year credits at 5 per cent, with strict
retaryGeneralU Thant'srequest. controlsover their use.
All militaryunits were reportedlyput on a new Nov. 23: PresidentCemalGiirseland In6nilmet with
alert after the Cabinet met with Chief of Staff the Cabinet,and leaders of both Houses and the
Cevdet Sunay. No reason was given. parties to considerthe Chief of Staff's complaints
Sept. 18: Foreign Minister Feridun C. Erkin said that provocations of the army by Justice party
that the deportationof Greeks from Istanbul has membersof Parliamentmight precipitate"an armed
been extendeda month, it was reported. revolution." It was learnedthat efforts were being
Sept. 22: Refik Koraltan, former chairmanof the made to lift the immunityof about 20 such mem-
Grand National Assembly, Gen. Riistii Erdelhun, bers. Following the meeting, a communique
Chief of Staff in the Menderes regime, Nedim stressedthe leaders'supportof the constitutionand
Okmen, a former AgricultureMinister, and Selim a promiseto avoid furtherprovocations.
Yatagan, a formerDeputy, were pardonedbecause Nov. 25: The directorof economicplanning in the
of ill health. Sixty-threeother leaders, including state planning organizationresigned his post be-
formerPresidentCelal Bayar,remainin prison. causehe said he could no longer carryhis responsi-
Sept. 28: Representativesof 7 countries,the IBRD bilities "underpresentconditions,"it was reported.
and the EuropeanInvestmentBank met to consider Nov. 27: Dale M. McCuiston, an American army
the financingof the Keban Dam and hydroelectric corporalconvictedin 1960 of black-marketactivi-
projectin EasternTurkey. ties, was releasedupon posting a fine of $17,285-
Oct. 7: A series of earthquakesjolted northwestern donatedby more than 50,000 Americans.He served
Turkey,killing at least 30 personsand injuring 52, 8 months in and out of jail, free on bond during
it was reported. numerousappeals.

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90 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

UnitedArabRepublic Sept. 17: Sabrivisited Tashkent. It was learnedthat


while in Moscow he discussedthe use of the 252
(See also, General,Iraq,Morocco,PalestineProblem,
million ruble loan promised by Premier Khrush-
Saudi Arabia, SAF, Sudan, Yemen) chev in Cairolast May.
Sept. 20: A one-yeartrade and paymentsagreement
1964 was signed with Tanzania, with a most-favored-
Sept. 1: Kamal Ramzi Stino, Deputy P.M. and Min- nationclause.
ister for Supply and National Trade, ended a 12- Sept. 22: Middleton presented his credentials to
day visit to Moscow and said Russia will supply PresidentNa-sir.
fishing vessels in exchange for the servicing of Sept. 23: Sabriarrivedin Pragueto seek furtheraid
Soviet fishing vessels calling at UAR ports. for industrialprojects,it was reported.
Sept. 3: Bids for the constructionof a 3-plant com- Sept. 25: Two postal workers were reportedlyin-
plex using nuclear power to convert seawaterfor jured by an explosive device in a letter mailed to
irrigation were being invited, it was reported in German aircraft specialists in Cairo.
Geneva. Sept. 26: Cairo was inundatedby the overflowing
The governmenthas reportedlypurged about 25 waters of the Nile, "the highest flood of this cen-
Communistsand sympathizersfrom the staff of al- tury," it was reported. Officialsexpectedthe high
JumhxrYyah.There was no official confirmation watersto last 2, insteadof one month. Cropswere
of the report. damagedin UpperEgypt.
Sept. 4: The Cairo press reported that drilling on Sept. 29: An agreementwas signed with India for
COPE's new Belayim offshore producer-Belayim cooperationin the production of supersonic air-
Marine No. 11-has been discontinuedat a depth craft.
of 3,072 ms., following the discoveryof a fourth Nasir orderedthe releaseof creditof LE 40 mil-
pay zone which raised the well's total output to lion worth of foreign currencyfor the import of
about 11,000 b/d. The combinedoutputof the first essential foodstuffs to be made availablewithin a
3 pay zones had been placedearlierat 8,490 b/d. month,it was reported.
Sept. 7: An agreementwas signed with India for Sept. 30: The UAR agreedto representIraq wherever
collaborationin science and technology, supple- Iraq has no diplomaticrepresentation,it was re-
menting the 1958 agreement,and for the exchange ported.
of scientistsand technologists,scientificequipment Oct. 2: Suez Canal traffic figures for the first 6
and publications. months increasedcomparedto a similarperiod last
The government instructedthe US ship York, year, respectively as follows: transits, 9,975,000
bound for Port Said with 18,000 tons of wheat, to and 9,528,000; net tonnage, 112,666,000 and 104,-
sail at once to Bombayto help relieve the Indian 274,000; transit fees, LE 38,140,876 and LE 35,-
food shortage.
300,000; northboundoil traffic, 71,208,000 tons
Sept. 8: British AmbassadorSir George Middleton and 65,756,000 tons.
arrivedin Cairoto take up his post.
Oct. 13: CentralBank governorAhmad Zandu and
Sept. 10: Under the terms of a memorandumand
protocol to the 1962 economic agreement with his Iraqi counterpart,Khayr al-Din Hasli, began
Yugoslavia, the UAR will receive equipment for talks in Cairo on the consolidationof economic
tanneries, sugar mills and a power plant, it was cooperationand the unificationof their banking
announced. systems.
Oct. 14: Deputy P.M. for EconomicAffairs 'Abd al-
Sept. 11: It was announcedthat Pan Am's first off-
shore well in the Gulf of Suez has been abandoned Mun'imal-Qaysuni,in an effort to reduceexpendi-
as a dry hole. ture, has recommendedthe reconsiderationof spe-
Sept. 15: Premier'All Sabri left for an 8-day official cial pay rates for universitystaffs, policemen, and
visit to Moscowto discusseconomicaid and "inter- membersof the judiciaryand diplomaticcorps,and
party relations,"it was reported. the repaymentof bank loans within 3 months, it
Contractswere signed for the delivery of com- was reported.
plete industrial plants from Rumania, under the Oct. 16: Iraq and the UAR have agreed to form a
recent bilateral economic and technical agreement. "unifiedpolitical command"to work out constitu-
They include a factory for soda products (yearly tional unity in 2 years, it was announcedfollowing
capacity, 100,000 tons); the opening of a phos- a 3-day meeting in Cairo by Nasir and President
phate mine and installation of a phosphate con- 'Abd al-Salam'Arif.
centratesplant (yearly capacity,600,000 tons); and Oct. 18: A UAR-Rumaniangovernmentaleconomic
studies for the opening of a barite deposit. commission,consisting of high officials and pre-
The UAR-Iraqi Joint Presidency Council con- sided over by deputy premiers, would be estab-'
cluded a 2-day meeting in Alexandria and an- lished, it was announced. Regular alternatemeet-
nounced that further "extraordinarysessions" will ings were planned in the UAR and Rumania.
be held in Caironext month. Oct. 20: Germanrocket experts have reportedlyre-

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CHRONOLOGY 91

ceived government approval to expand their re- smuggle the captivein an Egyptianairliner bound
searchand testing activities. for Cairo.
Oct. 26: All import permits were cancelled,as rec- Nov. 18: The National Assembly ratified 3 agree-
ommended by the Planning Committee under ments signed with Kuwayt, Iraq and Yemen on
Sabri'sdirection. The governmentbecamesole im- technical experienceand aid, the unified political
porter. Details of the Committee'splan to intro- command,and the formationof a joint presidential
duce a new system for using hard currencywere council,respectively.
not revealed. An agreementwas signed for the compensation
Oct. 28: 'Abd al-Qadir Hatim, Deputy P.M. for of Lebanesepropertysequestratedin the UAR, to
Culture and National Guidance,began a campaign be carriedout in annualinstallmentsof UAR serv-
to raise $6 million to rebuild the Abu Simbel ices and exportsto Lebanon.
monuments. An agreementwas signedwith Czechoslovakiaon
Nov. 2: Al-Akhbarreported that a bill stipulating the settlementof mutualdebtspendingsince World
imprisonmentwith hard labor for life for black- War II.
market dealers has been proposedin the National Italy expelled 2 first secretariesof the Egyptian
Assembly. Embassy,accusingthem of attemptedabductionof
Nov. 3: Nasir met with his Vice Presidents,$abri a man identifiedas Joseph Dahan, a Moroccan.
and Deputy Ministers,the sixth time in a series of Nov. 19: Dahan admittedhe was MordecaiLuk from
meetingsto draw up plans to ensure adequatefood Petah Tikvah, Israel. An Israeli army officercon-
supplies and other consumergoods. firmedthis, adding Luk was an Israeli renegade.
The SupremeSupplyCommittee,recentlyformed Nov. 22: The Italian governmentpressed the Em-
to meet every 48 hours, discussedsupply problems bassy for an explanation. The Ambassadorre-
and allocated LE 13 million for the purchase of portedlysaid when the 2 diplomatswere expelled
commodities,it was reported. that he was not aware of the incident.
A ?300,000 sterling order for 140 British Rolls- Nov. 23: A third diplomatwas declaredpersonanon
Royce diesel engines, together with associated grata.
bridge controlequipment,has been placed in Cairo Nov. 24: Luk went to Tel Aviv, it was reported.
by the Suez Canal Authority, it was reported in The UAR condemnedthe landing of Belgian
London. paratroopers in Stanleyvilleand called upon African
Nov. 5: COPE has discoveredanotherGulf of Suez foreign ministersto meet and discuss the "critical
oilfield at Gharah,it was reported. The well tested situation,"it was reportedin Cairo.
at 2,500 b/d, 310 API, from a depth of 2,200 ms. Nov. 25: Frowalt Hiittenmeister,a West German
Nov. 12: Nasir told the National Assembly there archeology student, was released after serving 6
had been no plot against his regime last July 26, months of a 10-yearsentencefor spying for Israel.
it was reported. He said: the UAR was opposed Nov. 26: African students reportedly burned the
to "imperialism"in South Arabia and Oman, but John F. KennedyLibraryin Cairoduringa demon-
she was readyto establishgood relationswith Brit- strationagainst US policy on the Congo.
ain; Soviet-UARrelationsremainstrong despitethe Nov. 27: US AmbassadorLuciusD. Battle protested
change in Soviet leadership;and the rise of con- to the governmentindicatinghis displeasurewith
sumption has created economic difficulties. Vice the handling of the mob attackby the authorities,
President'Abd al-Hakim al-'Amir, he added, will it was reported.
report to the body, in secret session, everything Nov. 28: The governmentformallyapologizedto the
about the Yemen operation (reportedto have cost US and agreedin principleto pay for the damages,
$1 billion and the loss of 10,000 soldiers). it was reported.
Nov. 14: Ninety-fouremployeesof cooperativestores
in Cairo,Alexandriaand Suez, chargedwith "finan-
cial irregularitiesand negligence,"have reportedly
been arrested. Yemen
Nov. 16: PresidentDu Bong of North Korea will (See also, General,Jordan,SAF, UAR)
visit the UAR on November21-26, at Nasir's invi-
tation,it was announced. 1964
Nov. 17: In the National Assembly,$abrl urged the
people to save more in order that the government Sept. 1: In a letter to the SecurityCouncil,the British
might carryout its industrialplans and added that governmentreportedlyaccusedthe Yemen of pro-
efforts were being made to cut prices down to the moting violence and tension along the borders of
1961 level. the South ArabianFederation(SAF).
Customs policemen at the Fiumicino Airport, The royalists asserted they had shot down a
Rome, discovered a man in a diplomatic trunk Soviet-madebomber that was trying to support
bearing EgyptianEmbassylabels and addressedto remnantsof a mixed Egyptian-Yemeniforce sur-
the Foreign Ministry in Cairo. Investigatorsac- roundedin westernYemen, it was reported.
cused 2 men from the Embassyof having tried to Sept. 2: In a reportto the SecurityCouncil,Secretary

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92 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

GeneralU Thant said that the UN mission will be Oct. 12: Official protest was made in the Security
withdrawn on September4, the end of the man- Council about alleged British "infringements"of
date, and that there has been a reductionof about Yemeni territory,holding Britain responsible for
4,000 UAR troops in Yemen during the past 2 the consequences.Reportedly,British military air-
months. craft had violated Yemeni airspace on Septem-
Sept. 4: Red Chinahas reportedlygranteda ?10 mil- ber 30.
lion loan to Yemen for the constructionof a 200- Oct. 14: It was reportedin Cairo that royalist and
mile highway from San'a' to Sa'ada, a weaving republicanrepresentativeswere scheduledto meet
factory, a school and a hospital in San't. for peacetalks on October20.
Agreementson a Hungarianloan of $300,000 Oct. 31: It was reported in Beirut that a royalist
and trade valued at $1 million were announced,as delegation left Jiddah, Saudi Arabia, for Erkwit,
well as forthcomingRumaniantechnical aid and in the Sudan, for a meeting with republicanlead-
reciprocaltrade arrangements. ers.
Sept. 5: A Shaf'i spokesmanin Ta'izz contendedhis Nov. 3: Al-Ijayit of Beirut reportedthat, according
people have taken over control of the town from to a royalistsourcein Jiddah,the negotiatorshave
the Zaydis, in a dispute over the refusal of the agreedto hold a plebisciteto determinethe future
Shaf'i governor, Shaykh Amin 'Abd al-Wasi', to of Yemen.
be transferredto San't'. Nov. 5: Meccaradio announcedthat a cease-firewas
Foreign Minister Muhsin al-Sirri was reported agreed upon in Erkwit, effective November 8.
to have said that the governmentwould welcome a Nov. 8: Sallal announcedthat the cease-firewas in
rapprochementwith Saudi Arabia. effect. According to MENA, he has granted an
Sept. 14: A communiqueissued after the Nasir-Faysal amnesty to tribal leaders and other opponents of
talks (See, General, Sept. 9) said the UAR and the government.
Saudi Arabia would "undertakenecessarycontacts Nov. 16: According to a royalist radio broadcast,
with parties involved for peaceful settlement"of Egyptianforces had made "180 air raids since the
the civil war. cease-fire,"it was reported.
U Thant said that the UN mission cost $2 mil- Nov. 18: Deputy Premier Muhammad Mahmuid
lion and that so far Saudi Arabia and the UAR Zubayri arrived in Cairo on business regardinga
have each contributed$800,000. November 23rd national reconciliationconference.
Sept. 15: In Washington, Bushrod Howard, Jr., He accusedthe Hamid al-Din family-the family
speaking for the "Governmentof the Kingdom of formerImam Muhammadal-Badr-of trying to
of Yemen," reportedlyasked the US to hold the "sabotage"the conference,and indicated his gov-
UAR responsiblefor fulfilling its new agreement ernment's opposition to any proposal to divide
with Saudi Arabia about Yemen's future. Yemen into 2 co-existing governments,it was re-
Sept. 16: SaudiArabiansourcesin Londonreportedly ported.
stated that a cease-firehad gone into effect. Nov. 19: Governmentsourceslaid to intertribaldif-
Sept. 26: President 'Abdallah al-Sallal said that ferencesreports of ceasefireviolations in San'a'.
"tremnants of reactionaries"have been ousted and Nov. 20: The royalist ambassadorto Saudi Arabia,
the borderswere sealed "againstinfiltrators."He Muhammadibn 'All IbrThim,disclosed that the
thanked the UAR for its support and indicated national reconciliationconferencehad been post-
pursuit of a policy of nonalignment. He was ad- poned.
dressing a rally in San't' during the second anni- Nov. 25: Diplomatic sources in Beirut said that
versaryof the revolution. Nasir and Faysal were trying to save the confer-
Oct. 9: In a letter to the SecurityCouncil, Britain ence. Yemeni officials left San'a' for the confer-
reportedlyaccusedYemen of adopting a "negative ence, it was reported.
and uncompromisingattitude" towards settlement Nov. 27: The conferencewas postponed again, it
of borderproblems. was reported.

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