Simple Present Tense

SUMMARY
TOEFL Applied Grammar Part 3 - Tenses & Passive Voices, Clauses & Sentences, Infinitive, Gerund,
Causative, Participles
TENSES & PASSIVE VOICE

Applied Grammar for TOEFL PBT
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Simple Present Tense (V1) dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan fact, habit, dan routine.
Seperti contoh:
• It snows in Alaska.
atch television every day.

•Iw
• The museum opens at ten tomorrow morning.
• Classes begin next week.
orks a t the bank.

• Joni w
• She watches birds.
Berikut adalah contoh beberapa verb yang menambahkan -es dibelakang kata:
wash washes watch watches
toss tosse s buzz buzzes
unbox unboxes buy buys
cry cries
SIMPLE PAST TENSE

2) d
Simple Past Tense (V igunakan untuk menyatakan kalimat yang telah lampau.
• It snowed yesterday.
atched television last night.

•Iw
SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Simple Future Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi di masa depan.
• It will snow tomorrow.
m going to watch television tonight.

•Ia
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Present Continuous Tense (tobe + Ving) digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang terjadi
sekarang atau sepanjang waktu selama satu tahun atau bulan atau satu periode. Sebagai
contoh:
• He is sleeping right now.
• She is writing another book this year.
• She is in her room w

riting her script now.
• My wife has an appointment with a doctor. She is seeing Dr. Fatika next Tuesday.
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Past Continuous Tense (was/were + Ving) digunakan untuk menyatakan hal yang terjadi
lebih dulu. Sebagai contoh:
• He was sleeping when I arrived.
as driving home, it began to rain.

• While I w
• At 8 o’clock last night, I was studying.
as attending s chool.
• Last year at this time, I w
FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Future Continuous Tense (will be + Ving) untuk menyatakan apa yang sedang terjadi di masa
depan sebelum ada kejadian lainnya yang terjadi. Sebagai contoh:
• He will be sleeping when we arrive.
• Don’t call me at nine tonight because i won’t be home. I will be studying at the library
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Present Perfect Tense (has/have + v3).
• She has a
lready eaten.
ave never seen snow
•Ih
• I have flown o
n an airplane many times.
• She has had t his same pair of shoes for three years.
ave l ived here since 1997.

•Ih
PAST PERFECT TENSE

Past Perfect Tense (had + v3) menunjukkan kalimat mana yang sudah selesai lebih dulu
ketika ada dua kejadian di masa lampau.
• I had a
lready eaten when they arrived.
ad left before we got there.

• Sonny h
• After they had finished the meal, they went home.
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Future Perfect Tense (will have) menyatakan sesuatu yang sudah akan terjadi. Seperti
contoh:
• I will have a
lready eaten b y the time they arrive.
ill have graduated by next August.

•Iw
PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES

Perfect Continuous Tenses (have/has been + ving) digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu
periode. Seperti contoh:
• I have been studying for two hours.
• I had been studying for two hours before my friend came.
• I will have been studying for two hours by the time you arrive.
PASSIVE VOICE
SIMPLE PRESENT
• Bella helps Adrian Adrian is helped by Bella
SIMPLE PAST
• Bella helped Adrian Adrian was helped by Bella
SIMPLE FUTURE
• Bella will help Adrian Adrian will be helped by Bella
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
• Bella is helping Adrian Adrian is being helped by Bella
PRESENT PERFECT
• Bella has helped Adrian Adrian has been helped by Bella
PAST PERFECT
• Bella had helped Adrian Adrian had been helped by Bella
STATIVE PASSIVE
Mempelajari bentuk kalimat pasif diperlukan karena sering kali penggunaan kata benda di
dalam sebuah kalimat sedangkan kata benda jarang sekali bisa melakukan sesuatu. Sehingga
dalam menyatakan kata benda, sering digunakan kalimat pasif. Kalimat pasif tidak harus
selalu diikuti dengan oleh siapa subjeknya. Seperti contoh:
• I locked the door five minutes ago. Now the door is locked.
• The window was broken by Anna yesterday. Now the window is broken.
• I don’t know where I am. I am lost.
• I can’t find my wallet. It is gone.
• I am finished with my work.
• I am done with it!

• I am getting hungry. Let’s eat soon.
• You shouldn’t eat so much. You will get fat.
• I stopped working because I got tired.
• They are getting married next month.
PASSIVE USE WITH NOUN

Pasif juga bisa tidak harus selalu menggunakan bentuk kalimat pasif. Seperti contoh:
• A rock consists of several minerals.
• A rock is usually found in arid areas.

Exercises of Tenses and Passive Voice in Sentence Pattern
1. As resident of New Mexico, Dennis Chavez ________ to the House of

Representatives in 1930 and to the Senate in 1938.
(A) when elected
(B) elected
(C) who was elected
(D) was elected
Pembahasan:
Pada kalimat yang hilang, dibutuhkan predikat. Karena ada keterangan di masa lampau,
artinya kita akan memakai past tense. Karena Dennis Chavez “dipilih”, maka dibutuhkan
bentuk kalimat pasif. Maka, jawabannya adalah D. was elected.
2. In central Georgia, archaeological evidence indicates that Native Americans first

inhabited the area ________.
(A) since thirteen centuries
(B) thirteen centuries ago
(C) the previous thirteen centuries
(D) thirteen centuries were before
Pembahasan:
Kali ini yang dibutuhkan adalah keterangan waktu. Maka, yang paling tepat adalah B.
thirteen centuries ago.
3. Booker T. Washington, acclaimed as a leading educator at the turn of the century,
________ of a school that later became the Tuskegee Institute.
(A) taking charge
(B) took charge
(C) charges was taken
(D) taken charge
Pembahasan:
Dalam kalimat yang hilang, dibutuhkan predikat. Maka, jawabannya adalah B. took charge.

Exercises of Tenses and Passive Voice in Error Recognition
1. When overall exports exceed imports, a

A B
country said to have a trade surplus.
C D
Pembahasan:
Saat menemukan V1, lihat, apakah penggunaan subjeknya sudah benar. Pada kalimat
pertama, menggunakan V1, sedangkan pada kalimat kedua, menggunakan V2. Maka,
jawabannya adalah C.
2. Soil science begun with the formulation of

A B C
the theory of humus in 1808.
D
Pembahasan:
Penggunaan V3 harus diawali dengan penggunaan has, have, atau had. Maka, jawabannya
adalah A.
3. The economy of Little Rock, Arkansas, is basis

A B
primarily on manufacturing, wholesale and retail
C
trade, and government functions.
D
Pembahasan:
Kata “basis” merupakan noun, yang tidak mungkin diikuti dengan adverb. M
aka, jawabannya
adalah B.
CLAUSES & SENTENCES
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
Pada suatu kalimat, tersusun dari subjek, predikat, dan objek. Bagaimana jika ada dua
kalimat? Dua kalimat jika digunakan secara efektif dapat dijadikan satu kalimat. Penggunaan
atau penyatuan dua kalimat tersebut menggunakan adjective clause. Seperti contoh:
• I thanked the woman. She helped me.
• The book is mine. It is on the table.
• The man was Mr. Jamie. I saw him.
• The movie wasn’t very good. We saw it last night.

• She is the woman. I told you about her.
• The music was good. We listened to it last night.

• I know the man. His bicycle was stolen.
• The student writes well. I read her composition.
• Mr. Karno has a painting. Its value is inestimable.
•The building is very old. He lives there.
• The teacher who teaches Chemistry is an excellent tutor.
• Mrs. Nur, who teaches Chemistry, is an excellent tutor.
is problems w
• The teachers discussed Jim. One of h as poor study habits.
NOUN CLAUSE
Noun Clause berarti kalimat yang aslinya merupakan kata benda. Seperti contoh:
• His story was interesting.

• What he said was interesting.
Noun clause sebenarnya adalah pengembangan. Pengembangan saat menyebutkan kata

benda. Contoh:
• I don’t know where she lives.
• I couldn’t hear what he said.
• Please tell me when they arrived.
• I wonder who is at the door.
• I don’t know why those men are running.
• Please tell me how to get to the train station.
Selain menggantikan objek, noun clause j uga bisa digunakan untuk menggantikan subjek.
Contoh:
• What she said surprised me.
• Whether she comes or not is unimportant to me.
• That she doesn’t understand spoken English is obvious.
INDIRECT SPEECH
Indirect speech digunakan untuk menggantikan kalimat langsung menjadi tidak langsung
atau sebaliknya. Sebagai contoh:
• She said, “I have to watch TV.”

• She said that she had to watch TV.
• She said, “Watch TV!”
• She told me to watch TV.

• She said, “Do you watch TV?”
• She asked me if I watched TV.
-EVER
• Whoever wants to come is welcome.
• He makes friends with whomever he meets.
• He says whatever comes into his mind.
• We can watch whichever movies that you prefer.

• You may leave whenever you wish.
• She can go wherever she wants to go.
• The students may dress however they please.
CLAUSES & SENTENCES

Exercises of Clauses and Sentences in Sentence Pattern
1. Martha Graham, __________, has run her own dance company for half a century.
(A) is the great modern choreographer
(B) one of the great modern choreographers
(C) that the great modern choreographers
(D) the modern choreographers were great
Pembahasan:
Ada penggunaan tanda koma di sebelum bagian yang kosong. Jadi, dibutuhkan keterangan
dalam bentuk adjective clause. Maka, jawabannya adalah B. one of the great modern
choreographers.
2. The scholarly interest in perception stems largely from questions about the sources
and validity of what __________.
(A) it is known as human knowledge
(B) is known as human knowledge
(C) known human knowledge
(D) is human knowledge known
Pembahasan:
Ada penggunaan “of” , dan of digunakan untuk menggabungkan noun dengan noun. N amun,
setelah kata “of”, ada kata “what”, yang berarti menggabungkan noun dengan noun clause.
Maka, jawabannya adalah. B. it is known as human knowledge.
3. Anthropology is a science __________ anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods

and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
(A) in that
(B) that in
(C) that
(D) in
Pembahasan:
Di antara objek dan subjek, kata penghubung yang paling tepat adalah in that. Maka,
jawabannya adalah A. in that.
CLAUSES & SENTENCES

Exercises of Clauses and Sentences in Error Recognition
1. Since prehistoric times, artists have portrayed

A B
subjects that representative their culture.
C D
Pembahasan:
Setelah kata that, diikuti dengan kata representative, yang merupakan adjective. Sedangkan
hal itu tidak benar secara struktur. Maka, jawabannya adalah D.
2. Hurricanes are severe cyclones with winds

A
over seventy-five miles an hour who originate
B C
over tropical ocean waters.
D
Pembahasan:
Penggunaan who u ntuk Hurricanes adalah salah, seharusnya menggunakan that atau which.
Maka, jawabannya adalah C.
3. The first United States citizen to become a
A
professional sculptor was Patience Lovell Wright,
B
which works were executed in wax.
C D
Pembahasan:
Penggunaan kata which adalah tidak tepat, karena seharusnya whose. Maka, jawabannya
adalah C.
INFINITIVE, GERUND, & CAUSATIVE

INFINITIVE
Infinitive merupakan bentuk to yang diikuti dengan verb1. S eperti contoh:
• He comes here t o see me.
• The students are to do the school assignment.
• The game is supposed to begin at 10.00 PM.

• Mobile phone was f irst to emerge in 1995.
• It is too good to be true.
• I’m s trong enough to lift the box.
• English is easy to learn.

• She advised us to wait until tomorrow.
greed to help us.
• They a
Ada banyak sekali contoh verb y ang bisa diikuti oleh infinitive. Seperti,
• arrange ask beg care claim consent
• decide demand deserve expect fail forget
• hesitate hope learn manage mean need
• offer plan prepare pretend promise intend
• propose refuse regret remember seem struggle
• swear threaten volunteer
• wait want wish
• would like
GERUND
Gerund adalah penggunaan Ving. N amun, ving yang digunakan tidak dalam konteks
elainkan digunakan sebagai noun.
continuous tenses, m
• Swimming is my hobby. = gerund

• I am swimming right now. = continuous tense
Contoh gerund:
t speaking English.
• He is good a
ithout buying any goods.

• She leaves the shop w
• I’m interested in browsing G

oogle Earth
Ada juga beberapa kata yang ternyata to + Ving. Seperti contoh:
• I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
• I confessed to stealing the CDs.
bjects to marrying his girlfriend soon.
• He o
• I used to practice dance every week.

• I am used to sleeping at 11.00 PM.
er smoking h ere.
• I don’t mind h
y eating later.
• I will finish m
er interfering i n my business.
• I resent h
• Let’s go to the swimming pool.
alking stick.
• Grandpa lost his w
• Please smoke in the smoking room.
Ada beberapa kata yang hanya bisa diikuti oleh gerund, seperti:
• appreciate avoid complete consider delay deny

• discuss dislike enjoy finish forget keep
• mention mind miss postpone practice quit
• recall recollect recommend regret remember resent
• resist risk stop suggest tolerate
• understand excuse forgive
• fancy imagine prevent
• continue
o use waiting for her.

• It’s n
• I can’t help falling in love with you.
• I can’t stand smelling the odor.
islike being eaten by human.

• Animals d
• I give up being employed b

y that man.
• I waste a
lot of time watching TV.
• She s at at her desk writing a letter.
• I stood there w
ondering what to do next.
• He i s lying in bed reading a novel.

INFINITIVE & GERUND
Ternyata, ada juga beberapa kata yang bisa diikuti oleh infinitive, atau diikuti gerund. Seperti
contoh:
• advise begin continue dislike
• dread hate intend like
• love prefer propose start
Contoh:
• I prefer swimming to jogging.
• I prefer to swim than (to) jog.
• It began to rain.
• It began raining.
HINDARI penggunaan double Ving.
• We are starting to work. = CORRECT
• We are starting working. = INCORRECT
• We are considering about leaving the town. = CORRECT
• I am admitting on cheating the test. = CORRECT
dvised buying a Fiat.

• He a
dvised me to buy a Fiat.

• He a
• I’ll never f orget giving the cake.
• I forget to give the cake.
• He stops s moking.
• When he was driving along the highway, he s topped to s moke.

• They’re trying t o open the door.
• They tried opening the door.
CAUSATIVE
Causative artinya menyebabkan sesuatu. Kalimat ini digunakan saat subjek pertama
membuat subjek kedua melakukan sesuatu. Dalam causative, kita mengenal ada tiga kata
an get. Contoh:
kerja yang digunakan, yaitu: make, have, d
• I made my brother c arry my suitcase.
• I had my brother carry my suitcase.
• I got my brother to carry my suitcase.
• My father let me drive his car.
• I help my friend choose major for college.
• I help my friend to choose major for college.
• Alan asked his friends to play soccer

with him after school.
PASSIVE CAUSATIVE
Causative juga memiliki bentuk pasif, dipakai ketika tidak menyertakan siapa orang yang
disuruh. Seperti contoh:
• I had my watch repaired.
• I will get my watch repaired.
VERB OF PERCEPTION
Penggunaan causative juga terkadang dipengaruhi oleh perception. J adi, ada beberapa kata
kerja yang sebenarnya menggunakan perception. Perception itu sendiri terkait dengan sight
dan hearing. Jadi, kata kerja yang berkaitan dengan verb tersebut, pada kata kerja di kalimat
keduanya harus gerund. Seperti contoh:
• I saw my friend r unning down the street.
eard my roommate s inging in the shower.

• When I walked into the apartment, I h
• When I walked into my office, I found Yogi using my laptop.
• When she walked into her house, she caught a thief taking all her jewelries.

Exercises of Infinitive, Gerund, & Causative in Sentence Pattern
1. The operetta first ________ as a popular form of musical theater in the nineteenth
century.
(A) to emerge
(B) emerging
(C) has emerged
(D) emerged
Pembahasan:
Ada penggunaan cardinal number, yaitu, first. Maka, harus diikuti dengan infinitive. Maka,
jawabannya adalah A. to emerge.
2. Wind motion can be observed in the mesosphere by _____ the trails of meteors
passing through it.
(A) to watch
(B) watching
(C) watched
(D) watch
Pembahasan:
By adalah salah satu bentuk preposition. Dimana ketika menggunakan kata preposition, lalu
diikuti dengan verb, maka selalu diikuti dengan bentuk ving. Maka, jawabannya adalah B.
watching.
3. In areas away from the poles, the size of glaciers decreases in summer because the
rising temperatures cause the lower parts _____.
(A) melt
(B) are melting
(C) melted
(D) to melt
Pembahasan:
Terdapat kata “cause”, sudah jelas harus diikuti dengan infinitive. Maka, jawabannya adalah
D. to melt.

Exercises of Infinitive, Gerund, & Causative in Error Recognition
1. The Conestoga wagon, used for to carry heavy

A
loads over long distances, originated around 1725
B C
in a region of Pennsylvania occupied by the Conestoga Indians.
D
Pembahasan:
Ketika ada preposition seperti, for, by, in, d
sb, pasti akan langsung diikuti oleh bentuk
gerund. Maka, jawabannya adalah A.
2. The Cubist movement in art was a reaction

A
against traditional methods of portray reality.
B C D
Pembahasan:
Pada kalimat diatas, ada penggunaan preposition yang sangat jelas. Pada penggunaan kata
“of” , ia menghubungkan noun dengan noun, bukan verb1. Maka, jawabannya adalah C.
potray
3. Using their bills as needles, tailorbirds sew

A
large leaves together with plant fiber
B C
to forming their nests.
D
Pembahasan:
Pada pilihan D, ada kata to forming. Memang, to bisa diikuti dengan ving. Namun itu hanya
untuk beberapa kata saja. Kata “form” bukan salah satunya. Maka, jawabannya adalah D. to
forming.
PARTICIPLE
ACTIVE PARTICIPLE
Terkadang, pada sebuah kalimat ada bentuk ving d i awal kalimat, yang disebut dengan
active participle. Active participle itu sendiri adalah bentuk tulisan tingkat lanjut dari saat
kita menulis kata “because” yang diikuti dengan kata kalimat. Seperti contoh:
• Studying, he passed the test.
• Practicing hard, the team won the match.
• Telling the truth, I am feeling relieved.

Ada juga penggunaan having + verb3 pada awal kalimat. Prinsip yang digunakan adalah
sama. Namun, kata-kata yang disederhanakan adalah berasal dari kata “after” . Contoh:
• Having opened the drawer, I take the gun.
• Having registered intensive learning program, I will do my best to pass the

exam.
• Having fed the cat, we bathed it at the grooming salon.
PASSIVE PARTICIPLE
Sama seperti active participle, dalam bentuk pasif, perbedaannya hanya menggunakan
verb3. Seperti contoh:
• Surrounded by mountain, the city has a cool climate.
• Taught by proper teacher, they understood the subjects.

• Visited by the Obama, Indonesia had prepared the most expensive greeting
ceremony ever.
• Having been beaten by E rick, Johnny became a polite man.

• Having been accused for the theft case, M r. John is now no longer having jobs to
do.
• Having been stunned by a poisonous stingray,
“The Crocodile Man from Australia” faced his end.
• The book which is written by Stephanie Meyers is best-seller worldwide.

• I’m going to buy the shoes which are displayed on the Year’s End Midnight Sale
at Centro.
• We will find the hidden treasure.
• I love wearing hand-made B

atik.
lost world is hideous!

• The story of a
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ACTIVE PARTICIPLE & GERUND

Modifiers of Noun
• A swimming pool. = a pool for swimming
• A swimming child. = a child who swimming
• A walking stick.
• A walking girl.
• A traveling bag.
• A traveling man.
Sentence Pattern
• Walking in the jungle makes the young man happy.
• Walking in the jungle,
the young man felt happy.
Sentence Pattern
• Reading book is like listening to music. = gerund
• Reading book, she is listening to music. = participle
• Discussing with teachers can solve the problem.
• Discussing with teachers,
we can solve the problem.
PARTICIPLE
Exercises of Participle in Sentence Pattern
1. Emily Post’s book, Etiquette, ________ in 1922, was an immediate success.

(A) published
(B) was published
(C) when it published
(D) that it published
Pembahasan:
Pada bagian yang kosong, seharusnya diisi dengan adjective clause yang berupa “which was
published” . Maka, cukup mengubahnya dalam bentuk verb3 saja. Maka, jawabannya adalah
A. published
2. ________as the census taker of the sky, Annie Jump Cannon contributed
considerably to the field of astronomy.
(A) Known
(B) Knowing
(C) To know
(D) Knowledge
Pembahasan:
Keterangan yang ada pada soal diatas berbentuk participle, dan bentuk participle yang
digunakan adalah pasif. Maka, jawabannya adalah A. Known
3. The human skeleton consists of more than two hundred bones ________ together
by tough and relatively inelastic connective tissues called ligaments.
(A) are bound
(B) to bind
(C) bind them
(D) bound
Pembahasan:
Pada bagian yang hilang, dibutuhkan kalimat atau kata keterangan, maka membutuhkan
kata “which” . Karena ada kata “by” yang mengikuti, berarti merupakan bentuk pasif. Maka,
jawabannya adalah D. bound.
PARTICIPLE
Exercises of Participle in Error Recognition
1. “How does the human brain work?” remains one

A B
of the most profound questions confront modern
C D
science.
Pembahasan:
Kata “confront” merupakan kata verb. Setelah objek, tidak mungkin diikuti dengan verb.
Maka, jawabannya adalah D
2. The same molecular orderliness that makes

A
crystals easy enough to analyze mathematically
B C
makes them difficult using in the laboratory or the
D
factory.
Pembahasan:
Sebelum using, diawali dengan difficult yang merupakan kata sifat. Sedangkan kata sifat
tidak seharusnya diikuti dengan bentuk ving. Maka, jawabannya adalah D.
3. Educated at home and requiring to work to
A B
support her family, Louisa May Alcott recorded
C
many of her life’s events in her autobiographical
D
novels.
Pembahasan:
Terdapat penggunaan kata and, m aka kedua kalimat harus setara. Jika educated m
erupakan
verb3, maka kalimat kedua harus diikuti dengan verb3 juga. Maka, jawabannya adalah B.

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SUMMARY

TENSES & PASSIVE VOICE

• It​ snows​ in Alaska.

​ atch​ television every day.

• The museum ​opens​ at ten tomorrow morning.

• Classes ​begin​ next week.

​ orks a​ t the bank.

• She ​watches ​birds.

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

• It​ snowed​ yesterday.

​ atched​ television last night.

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

• It​ will snow​ tomorrow.

​ m going to watch​ television tonight.

• He​ is sleeping​ right now.

• She​ is writing​ another book this year.

• She​ is ​in her room w

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

• He​ was sleeping​ when I arrived.

​ as driving ​home, it began to rain​.

• At 8 o’clock last night, I​ was studying​.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

• He​ will be sleeping​ when we arrive.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

​ ave​ l​ ived ​here since 1997.

PAST PERFECT TENSE

​ ad left​ before we got there.

• After they ​had finished​ the meal, they went home.

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

​ ill have graduated ​by next August.

PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES

• I​ have been studying ​for two hours.

• I​ had been studying ​for two hours before my friend came.

• I don’t know where I am. I ​am lost​.

• I can’t find my wallet. It ​is gone​.

• I ​am finished​ with my work.

• I ​am done​ with it!

• I stopped working because I ​got tired​.

• They ​are getting married​ next month.

PASSIVE USE WITH NOUN

• A rock consists of several minerals.

• A rock is usually found in arid areas.

TENSES & PASSIVE VOICE

1. As resident of New Mexico, Dennis Chavez ________ to the House of

2. In central Georgia, archaeological evidence indicates that Native Americans first

TENSES & PASSIVE VOICE

1. When ​overall exports​ exceed ​imports​, a

2. Soil science ​begun​ ​with​ the ​formulation​ of

3. The economy ​of​ Little Rock, Arkansas, is ​basis

• I thanked the woman. ​She ​helped me.

• The book is mine.​ It​ is on the table.

• The man was Mr. Jamie. I saw ​him​.

• The movie wasn’t very good. We saw ​it​ last night.

• The music was good. We listened ​to it​ last night.

• The student writes well. I read ​her composition​.

• Mr. Karno has a painting. ​Its value​ is inestimable.

•The building is very old. He lives ​there​.

• The teacher​ ​who teaches Chemistry​ is an excellent tutor.

• Mrs. Nur,​ ​who teaches Chemistry,​ ​ is an excellent tutor.

• His story​ was interesting.

Noun clause​ sebenarnya adalah pengembangan. Pengembangan saat menyebutkan kata

• I don’t know ​where she lives​.

• It snows in Alaska.

atch television every day.

• The museum opens at ten tomorrow morning.

• Classes begin next week.

orks a t the bank.

• She watches birds.

• It snowed yesterday.

atched television last night.

• It will snow tomorrow.

m going to watch television tonight.

• He is sleeping right now.

• She is writing another book this year.

• She is in her room w

• He was sleeping when I arrived.

as driving home, it began to rain.

• At 8 o’clock last night, I was studying.

• He will be sleeping when we arrive.

ave l ived here since 1997.

ad left before we got there.

• After they had finished the meal, they went home.

ill have graduated by next August.

• I have been studying for two hours.

• I had been studying for two hours before my friend came.

• I don’t know where I am. I am lost.

• I can’t find my wallet. It is gone.

• I am finished with my work.

• I am done with it!

• I stopped working because I got tired.

• They are getting married next month.

1. When overall exports exceed imports, a

2. Soil science begun with the formulation of

3. The economy of Little Rock, Arkansas, is basis

• I thanked the woman. She helped me.

• The book is mine. It is on the table.

• The man was Mr. Jamie. I saw him.

• The movie wasn’t very good. We saw it last night.

• The music was good. We listened to it last night.

• The student writes well. I read her composition.

• Mr. Karno has a painting. Its value is inestimable.

•The building is very old. He lives there.

• The teacher who teaches Chemistry is an excellent tutor.

• Mrs. Nur, who teaches Chemistry, is an excellent tutor.

• His story was interesting.

Noun clause sebenarnya adalah pengembangan. Pengembangan saat menyebutkan kata

• I don’t know where she lives.

• I couldn’t hear what he said.

• Please tell me when they arrived.

• I wonder who is at the door.

• I don’t know why those men are running.

• Please tell me how to get to the train station.

• What she said surprised me.

• Whether she comes or not is unimportant to me.

• That she doesn’t understand spoken English is obvious.

• She said, “I have to watch TV.”

• She said, “Watch TV!”

• She told me to watch TV.

• She asked me if I watched TV.

• He makes friends with whomever he meets.

• He says whatever comes into his mind.

• We can watch whichever movies that you prefer.

• She can go wherever she wants to go.

• The students may dress however they please.

1. Since prehistoric times, artists have portrayed

2. Hurricanes are severe cyclones with winds

• He comes here t o see me.

• The students are to do the school assignment.

• The game is supposed to begin at 10.00 PM.

• It is too good to be true.

• I’m s trong enough to lift the box.

• English is easy to learn.

• Swimming is my hobby. = gerund

ithout buying any goods.

• I’m interested in browsing G

• I used to practice dance every week.

• Please smoke in the smoking room.

o use waiting for her.

• I can’t help falling in love with you.

• I can’t stand smelling the odor.

islike being eaten by human.

• I give up being employed b