Electrical & Electronics Engineering Department

Electrical Circuits 2 (Laboratory)

CIRCUIT2LAB – L093

Experiment No. 1

Familiarization with AC Instruments

Engr. Jomel R. Cristobal, R.E.E

Principal Engineer C
Grid Code Compliance and TDP Monitoring Department
National Transmission Corporation
jomelcristobal@ymail.com

Name Signature
1. Bandigan, Harvey Dominic C.
2. Bueta, Denzel Mark R.
3. Calara, Victor Emmanuel B.
4. Lubag, Patrick Angelo B.
5. Mansibag,George Jr D.
6. Pagarigan Andre Joseph
7. Pineda, Pauline H.
8. Trinidad, Paulo Isaac
Introduction
 Home and office outlets are always AC. This is because generating and
transporting Ac across long distances is relatively easy. At high voltages, less
energy is lost in electrical power transmission. Higher voltages mean lower
currents, and lower currents mean less heat generated in the power line due to
resistance.
 Oscilloscopes are used for a number of applications and in a number of different
industries. Some examples of professionals who use oscilloscopes are automotive
mechanics, medical researchers, and television repair technician.
 Digital storage oscilloscopes have by the large replaced their analog counter
parts and are now the most common kind of oscilloscope
 DIGITAL OSCILLOSCOPE
ANALOG OSCILLOSCOPE

Introduction
 Waveform Generators are Electrical circuits which can produce sinusoidal,
square, triangular, and sawtooth waveforms using oscillators and pulsed circuits
 Another feature included on many function generators is the ability to add DC
offset.
 ACTIVITY 1A
FAMILIARIZATION WITH AC INSTRUMENTS: THE OSCILLOSCOPE
Objectives of the Activity
The objectives of this activity are to:
 Study the mechanism and use of the parts of the oscilloscope
 Know the functions of the oscilloscope.

Materials/Equipment
 1 – F. A. C. E. T. Base unit
 1 – AC 1 FUNDAMENTALS Circuit Board
 Analog Oscilloscope, dual trace

PROCEDURE A:

1. With the power off, connect x10 probes to the channel 1 and channel 2
input jacks, and adjust controls to the following settings. Check each box
corresponding to each control as you adjust it.

Illumination (ILLUM or ILLUMINATION): midpoint

Focus (FOCUS): midpoint

Intensity (INTEN or INTENSITY): midpoint

Channel 1 attenuator (VOLTS/DIV or VOLTS/CM): 0.1V/div.

Channel 1 Variable attenuator (VARIABLE or VAR): fully clockwise

 Channel 1 Vertical coupling (AC-GND-DC): GND

Channel 1 position (POSITION): midpoint

Channel 2 attenuator (VOLTS/DIV or VOLTS/CM): 0.1V/div.

Channel 2 Variable attenuator (VARIABLE or VAR): fully clockwise

Channel 2 Vertical coupling (AC-GND-DC): GND

Channel 2 position (POSITION): midpoint

Channel 2 invert (INV or INVERT): off

Vertical mode (CH1-CH2-CHOP-ALT-ADD): CH1

Time base (TIME/DIV or TIME/CM): 0.5ms/div

Variable time base (TIME VARIABLE, VAR or VARIABLE): fully clockwise

Horizontal position (POSITION): midpoint

Slope (SLOPE): positive (+)

Trigger Coupling (AC-HF-REJ-TV-V-TV-H): AC

Trigger source (ALT-CH1-CH2-LINE-EXT): CH1

Hold off (HOLDOFF): NORM

Trigger mode (NORM, AUTO): AUTO

\ Level (LEVEL): PRESET

1. Which channel is set to be displayed at this time (Channel 1, Channel 2 or both)?

Why?
The channel that is set to be displayed would be Channel 1. Otherwise, if the
power is off, there will be no channel displayed.
2. Adjust the channel 1 position control to until the display line rests on the center
horizontal graticule line. What voltage does this line represent?
The line represents ground voltage or 0 volts at channel 1.

3. Set the vertical mode control to CH2, and adjust the channel 2 position control so
that the line rests on the center horizontal graticulate. Does adjusting the Channel 2
position control affect the Channel 1 adjustment?
No

4. Use a screwdriver to turn the trace rotation control in a clockwise and then in a
counter clockwise direction. How does the display react when the rotation control is
turned clockwise?

It follows trace position.

PROCEDURE B: Observing and Measuring DC

1. Switch the Channel 1 vertical coupling control to DC. How many divisions did the
line shift above the reference?
2 divisions
2. Measure and record the dc voltage across R1 indicated on the oscilloscope. Show
Calculation.

VR1 = (0.1V/div) (2 div) (10)

VR1 = 2Vdc
 VR1 = 2V

3. Switch the vertical coupling to AC. Did the display return to the center graticule
line?
Yes, it returned to the center of the graticule line.

PROCEDURE C: Observing AC Waveforms

1. Adjust the Channel 1 attenuator to 50 mV/DIV and time base controls to an

appropriate range. As you turned the time base control counter clockwise, did the
number of cycles displayed increase or decrease?

The number of cycles displayed increase

2. Check the box that corresponds to the way your x10 probe is adjusted.
Overcompensated Properly Adjusted
Undercompensated

3. Adjust the Channel 2 x10 probe as you did to Channel 1 x10 probe in Step 5. Check
the box below that corresponds to the condition of your channel 2 x10 probe prior
to adjustment.
Overcompensated Properly Adjusted
Undercompensated

PROCEDURE D: Dual Trace Operation

1. Set the vertical mode to ALT. Which channel does the upper half of the oscilloscope
screen represent?
Channel 1_.

2. Connect the x10 probes to the calibrator, and switch both vertical coupling controls
to AC. Adjust the channel attenuator and the time base control. Do not allow either
channel display to cross the center horizontal graticule line, both attenuators should
have identical settings. Are the channel displays identical?

Yes, they are Identical _

3. Switch the vertical mode to ADD; a single waveform should appear. Since both
channel inputs were of equal size and added together, is the resulting waveform
twice the size of either channel input?

Yes__

4. Return the vertical mode switch to ALT. Activate the channel 2 invert switch. Did
the channel 2 waveform invert?

Yes__

5. Switch the vertical mode to ADD. Were the channel inputs added or subtracted?

The channel inputs were subtracted._

 ACTIVITY 1B
FAMILIARIZATION WITH AC INSTRUMENTS: THE AC WAVEFORM
GENERATOR

Objectives of the Activity

The objectives of this activity are to:
 Study the operation of AC waveform generator.
 Verify the results of generator waveform on the oscilloscope

1B.5 Materials/ Equipment

 1 – F. A. C. E. T. Base unit
 1 – AC 1 FUNDAMENTALS Circuit Board
 2 – Power supply, 15 Vdc
 1 – Oscilloscope, dual trace
 1 – Multimeter
 1 – AC Waveform Generator

PROCEDURE A:
1. Turn off the power sources. Insert the AC 1 FUNDAMENTALS circuit board.
2. If your generator does not have an output impedance of 50Ω, you must use the
Generator Buffer, install on the AC 1 FUNDAMENTALS circuit board.
3. Turn on the power sources.
4. Locate the DC/AC waveforms circuit board. Use a two-post connector to connect the
generator source to resistor R1. Does the circuit indicate that an external generator
supply is required?
____________YES._______________________________________________________
___________
5. Use terminal posts to connect the generator leads, (use the Generator Buffer if
necessary) to the DC/AC Waveforms circuit block. Turn on the generator. Set up the
oscilloscope for basic operation. Use terminal posts to connect the channel 1 x10 probe
across R. Set the generator function control for a sine wave output, and adjust the
amplitude control to about midpoint. Set the generator frequency to approximately 1.5
kHz.
6. Set the channel 1 vertical coupling to AC, and adjust the attenuator and time base
controls to produce a proper sinusoidal waveform.
7. Increase the generator frequency control. Do the number of cycles displayed on the
oscilloscope increase or decrease as the frequency is increased? _____INCREASED
________________________________.
8. Return the frequency to the original setting of 1.5 kHz. Measure and record the time
required for the waveform to complete one cycle (twave ).
Twave = (0.1 ms/div)(0.7)
twave = __0.7 ms ____ second
9. Turn down the intensity on the oscilloscope, and remove all connections from the
DC/AC waveforms circuit block.

PROCEDURE B:

1. Set the generator frequency to about 1 kHz.

2. Connect the channel 1 x10 probe to the generator output (if you are using the
Generator Buffer, connect the probe to the Generator Buffer output).
3. Turn up the oscilloscope intensity to about midrange, and apply the generator output
directly to the channel 1 x 10 probe. Adjust the generator amplitude to produce a sine
wave that is 6 vertical divisions high. Does this voltage represent the open circuit or
loaded output of the generator?

OPEN CIRCUIT

4. Locate the GENERATOR IMPEDANCE circuit block. Turn potentiometer R on the

generator impedance circuit block fully clockwise. Connect the generator to the
GENERATOR IMPEDANCE circuit block, and connect the channel 1 x10 probe across R1
and R2. Do R1 and R2 represent the load? _____YES

5. Slowly turn potentiometer R counter clockwise until the waveform displayed on the
oscilloscope decreases in amplitude to 3 graticule lines high (half the open circuit
value). Does the voltage across R1 and R2 represent the open circuit loaded output of
the generator?

The voltage R1 and R2 represent loaded voltage of the generator.

6. Disconnect the generator and the oscilloscope probe from the GENERATOR
IMPEDANCE circuit block.

7. Measure and record the combined resistance of R1 and R2 (RL) with a multimeter.
Does RL equal the output impedance of the generator?

67.7 ohms. Yes the RL equal the output impedance of the generator.

8. Turn off power source, and remove all circuit board connections.
V. Interpretation of Results
1. To select what type of ac waveform that can be output is by selecting the
Function Switch while when setting the Amplitude, you have to adjust Amplitude
Dial.
2. When you are to adjust the output frequency ranging from 10% to 100 % or to
set exactly the frequency of a waveform you have to adjust the Frequency Dial.
3. First we set the amplitude to produce a sine wave that is 6 vertical divisions high
using the oscilloscope then we connect the function generator to the circuit block
then turn the variable resistor to adjust the amplitude to half the measurement
of the amplitude of the function generator lastly we measured the impedance
across R1 and R2.

4. To measure the time it will take for an AC waveform to complete one cycle is to
get the time base settings then get the division horizontally to make one full
cycle then multiply both values.

VI. Conclusion
We therefore conclude that electronics devices make it easier for the students to
understand even further about electronics. Such instruments were very useful in the
basic study regarding the course, and in expanding our knowledge about these devices.
Furthermore, we learned that the resistors can be classified as fixed or varying which
are respectively adjustable. Lastly at the end of this experiment we learned the
different functions of oscilloscope and the objectives for this experiment met.
VII. Latest Innovation on the topic
 Low cost scope with touchscreen
The RTB2000 includes a proprietary 10bit A/D converter, providing four times
more resolution than other oscilloscopes in this segment. It also supports a 10Msample
acquisition memory on each channel, or 20Msample per channel in interleaved mode. A
10.1in capacitive touchscreen allows the instrument to be operated more quickly and
efficiently. This, says the company, is the first time that users with lower budgets can
take advantage of capacitive touchscreen operation.
The RTB2000 comes in two and four channel models, with bandwidths of 70MHz,
100MHz, 200MHz and 300MHz and upgrade options.

VIII. Recommendations

 Before you proceed to your experiment make sure that the equipment are
properly calibrated and in good condition.
 Members should familiarized the equipment’s for efficiency.