Homogeneous System Copy using Online/Offline Database Backup

Reasons for Copying a SAP System

SAP recommends that you make a system copy in order to build a test,
demo, training or standby system (Oracle and Informix: standby systems
cannot be created with a system copy). You should perform upgrades in a
test system first. This way you can identify customer pecific problems which
might result from modifications. Thus, we can sort the general needs for a
system copy as follow:

a. To create a new training system for end-user or project team

education
b. To create a DEMO system
c. To create a Test system for upgrade or other purposes.
d. To recover a system on another machine with the same platform after
a crash.
e. To copy large clients. If a client very large to export/import, it is better
to do a system copy rather than client transport.

If a system copy takes place between systems with same platform

( operating system and database system ) , we call this HOMOGENEOUS
SYSTEM COPY.

If The system copy takes place between systems with different platforms ( at
least one of the component must be different, OS or RDBMS ), we call this
HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEM COPY.

There 3 ways of a Homogeneous System Copy in R/3 Systems.

1. Homogeneous System Copy using Online / Offline Database Backup.

2. Homogeneous System Copy using R3LOAD Procedure.
3. Homogeneous System Copy using R3COPY Procedure.

This guide is prepared for a Homogeneous System Copy using Online/Offline

Database Backup.

The procedure described tested on AIX 4.3.3/Oracle 8.1.7, AIX 5.1/Oracle

8.1.7, AIX 5.1/Oracle 9.2.0 and Win2K/Oracle 8.1.7 platforms.

The command reference given in this guide is taken from a homogeneous

system copy done on AIX 4.3.3/Oracle 8.1.7 platform. Differences of other
platforms such as Windows will be shown in the same sections.
Homogeneous System Copy using Online/Offline
Database Backup
This guide is prepared for a Homogeneous System Copy using Online/Offline
Database Backup. Steps for a Homogeneous system copy are briefly as
below:

a. Preparations on Target System.

b. Restore Online/Offline Backup of Source System onto Target System.
c. Create CONTROLFILE creation script on Source System.
d. Modification of CONTROLFILE script and creation of CONTROLFILEs of
Target System.
e. Recovery of Oracle Database on Target System.
f. Completion of System Copy

Prerequisites
Following conditions must be provided to copy a system:

a. Both Source and Target Systems must have Same Operating System
and Database System. Also Patch levels must be same.
b. You have sufficient free space for sapdata directories on target system.
c. For Windows systems, you have to create all drives where datafiles
resides on source system.
d. Use most current database backup in order to shorten database
creation time.

Procedure
1. Data and Log directories on target system must be cleaned before
restoring source database. Here below are the commands to clean
directories. Before this, you have to stop all SAP and Oracle processes.

# su -adm # stopsap all # exit # su – ora # lsnrctl stop # exit # cd /oracle//

# rm –rf sapdata?/* # rm –rf origlog?/* # rm –rf mirrlog? # rm –rf sapreorg/*
# rm –rf saparch/* # rm –rf saptrace/usertrace/* # rm –rf
saptrace/background/* # rm –rf sapbackup/* # rm –rf sapcheck/*
 1. You have to resize the following file systems before restore
process. Take into account sizes of source system.
2. /oracle//sapdata1 /oracle//sapdata2 /oracle//sapdata3
/oracle//sapdata4 /oracle//sapdata5 /oracle//sapdata6
/oracle//saparch
2. After cleaning necessary file systems/directories, you have to restore
most current database backup to target system. For this, find the
detail backup log (e.g. bdkxxsrh.anf) for that backup on source system.
You can determine this from back.log summary backup log file or using
DB12.

DB12 -Backup Logs

back.log File

Copy this detailed backup log file into /oracle//sapbackup directory on target
system. Use BRRESTORE command below to restore the source database on
target system. You can also restore datafiles and online redolog files (if you
are using offline backup) using backup tools such as BACKFM tool of IBM
TSM.
3.a. Mount the necessary backup volume on target system.

3.b. Use the following command to begin restore:

# su -ora # cd sapbackup # brrestore -m full -b -c (det_log_file= for example

bdkxxsrh.anf)

At the first step of restore, system will recognize that the Oracle SID is
different on target machine (where the restore command executed) and in
backup. Also, Oracle_Home parameters in backup and in current system will
be different and recognized by brrestore. But the restore command will
restore the datafiles to match current systems file system. Here is a sample
log of a restore.

All the datafiles and online redolog files (only for Offline DB Backup) must be
successfully restored.

At this step, there are 3 probability that must be take into account for the
following steps.
 You are using an online database backup of source system to create target
system.

You have to find and put all archive files created during online backup into
target systems archive directory to be able to recover database. You can
also apply all the archives created from the online backup start time to latest
available.

You are using an offline database backup of source system which is running
in ARCHIVELOG mode to create target system.

You may find the archive files created after offline backup on source system
to make database current on target system via applying during recovery.

You are using an offline database backup of source system which is running
in NOARCHIVELOG mode to create target system.

You don't have any archive files created on source system so you don't need
anything.

Those differences will be detailed in recovery step.

4. After restoring datafiles and redolog files, a scripts must be prepared on

source system to create CONTROLFILE of target system. For this you have 2
option.

4.a. You can use R3COPY program which is under "/kernel/UNIX/COMMON"

directory of Kernel CD. This program can be used only on UNIX systems. For
Windows systems, "4.b" option must be used. Run this program by ora user
on source system. After some confirmations, execute step "(a) Source
system: Generating the script CONTROL.SQL". This will create a script named
CONTROL.SQL under /oracle//sapreorg directory. Copy this script into target
system (any directory). This file is ready for execution and doesn't require
any modification.

4.b. SVRMGRL or SQLPLUS can create a scrpit to create controlfile using

current CONTROLFILE content. Login to source system as ora user and
execute the following SVRMGRL/SQLPLUS commands. To be able to execute
following commands, database must be at least in MOUNT mode..

# svrmgrl SVRMGR> connect internal SVRMGR> alter database backup

controlfile to trace; SVRMGR> exit

As a result of this command, a trace file (e.g. ora_54764_hvd.trc ) will be

created under /oracle//saptace/usertrace directory. File can be determined
by sorting according to modification/creation dates (UNIX: # ls –ltr). Most
current file must be cheched.

You have to edit this file to be able to use for CONTROLFILE creation on
target system.

a. Rename file name as CONTROL.SQL

b. Open file to edit using VI (UNIX) or NOTEPAD (WIN).
c. Remove all lines before "STARTUP MOUNT" line. Delete all commented
"#" lines. Also remove all lines after CHARACTER SET WE8DEC;" line.
d. Change all Source SID's to Target SID via following commands.

UNIX (VI): :%s///g WIN (NOTEPAD): CTRL+H

Change the line

CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE ‘SSID’ NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG;

as follow

CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE ‘TSID’ RESETLOGS

ARCHIVELOG;

If you want to change datafile or redolog file destinations, first move the
files on target destination at OS level, then edit CONTROL.SQL file for new
destinations.
5. After CONTROL.SQL script preparation, following commands must be run
to create CONTROLFILE of target system:

# su – ora

# svrmgrl SVRMGR> connect internal SVRMGR> @/ /control.sql

You have to guarantee the successful completion of this command as follow:

SVRMGR> @control.sql Statement processed. SVRMGR>

6. Database will be in inconsistent status after creation of CONTROLFILE. This

can be viewed by trying to open the database.

SVRMGR> alter database open; alter database open * ORA-01589: must use
RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open SVRMGR> alter
database open resetlogs; alter database open resetlogs * ORA-01195: online
backup of file 1 needs more recovery to be consistent ORA-01110: data file
1: '/oracle//sapdata1/system_1/system.data1'

At this step, a recovery must be made in order to be able to use the

database.

7. 3 type of recovery can be made, according to your status mentioned at

the end of STEP-3. all the recovery types must be used by "USING BACKUP
CONTROLFILE" as CONTROLFILE is created manually.

7.a. If your source system is runnig in NOARCHIVELOG mode, then you have
to use the following command to recover database.

SVRMGR> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;

7.b. If you restored an online backup on target system and put all the archive
files created since online backup start time, use the following commands.

SVRMGR> recover database using backup controlfile;

After execution of this command, Oracle will ask for archive files to be
consistent. As archive files contains only database changes commands, you
will use source system archive file on new systems database recovery. Copy
all archive files created since online backup on source system to archive
directory of target system. Archive file names are different from asked
during recovery session. You can change archive file names for target
system via the following script.

cd /oracle//saparch for i in `ls|grep `; do

file_name=`echo $i |cut -dD -f2`; mv $i ${file_name}; done

Alternatively you can enter file names manually as required by recovery

session as follow:

SVRMGR> recover database using backup controlfile; ORA-00279: change

44138924 generated at 03/26/2003 00:00:24 needed for thread 1 ORA-
00289: suggestion : /oracle/HVS/saparch/HVSarch1_22746.dbf

ORA-00280: change 44138924 for thread 1 is in sequence #22746 Specify

log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
/oracle/HVS/saparch/HVDarch1_22746.dbf Log applied.

After application of all necessary archives (at least all the archives created
during online backup must be applied. Archives from this point can be
applied to make database current), next request for archive is cancelled via
CANCEL command.

ORA-00279: change 44164157 generated at 03/26/2003 01:58:29 needed for

thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : /oracle/HVS/saparch/HVSarch1_22754.dbf
ORA-00280: change 44164157 for thread 1 is in sequence #22754 Specify
log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL} CANCEL Media recovery
cancelled. SVRMGR>

But recovery session must be started with the following command and
cancelled again to ba able to start database.

SVRMGR> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel; ORA-

00279: change 44164157 generated at 03/26/2003 01:58:29 needed for
thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : /oracle/HVS/saparch/HVSarch1_22754.dbf
ORA-00280: change 44164157 for thread 1 is in sequence #22754 Specify
log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL} CANCEL Media recovery
cancelled. SVRMGR>

Otherwise following error will arise during database opening.

SVRMGR> alter database open resetlogs; alter database open resetlogs *

ORA-01113: file 1 needs media recovery ORA-01110: data file 1:
'/oracle/HVS/sapdata1/system_1/system.data1'

To open database, use the following command:

SVRMGR> alter database open resetlogs; Statement processed. SVRMGR>

7.c. If you restored an offline backup on target system, you can recover
database to the time of backup completed or you can recover database to
the most current status using archive files. The archive application and
statup of database is same as an online backed up database copy in "7.b".

8. after opening database, LISTENER process must be started.

# su – ora # lsnrctl start

9. To open SAP system, use the following commands.

# su -adm # startsap

1. As your Hardware Key is not changed, you don't have to get additional
License Key from SAPNET. You can use previous systems (on target
system, if SID is not changed) License in new system created on target
system.
2. Logon to the SAP R/3 System and goto TCODE SE06. Select "Database
Copy or Migration" and execute "Post Installation Processing".

SE06

Change all of the Source System Objects to Target System Objects as asked.

1. Delete old TMS configuration and make new configuration for TMS via
STMS TCODE.
2. After all of above steps, you have completed a System Copy using
Online/Offline Database Backup.