THE CAPACITY OF SELECTED SECOND YEAR NURSING STUDENT FROM

HOLY INFANT COLLEGE IN LEARNING ANATOMY SUBJECT THAT

WILL SERVE AS A FUNDAMENTALS ON THEIR
EXCELLENCE TO MEDICAL PRACTICES
IN RELATION TO THEIR STUDY
TECHNIQUES AND
HABITS

A Research Proposal
Presented to Jocylen A. Tiopes
Holy Infant College

In partial Fulfillment of
The requirement for English 3 subject
Research Writing

ARVIN IAN C. PEÑAFLOR

BRENT M. CUE KIM DIT
and
JULIUS SAM P. VENEZUELA
October 2010
 To our precious friends: Jerome,
jemwill, Jestoni, and Mark
and
to our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ,
Who made this thing possible
To Him be the glory and honor
 Table of Contents

Title Page………………………………………………………………………………... i
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………………… ii
Approval sheet…………………………………………………………………………..iii

Chapter

I THE PROBLEM

Introduction ……………………………………………………………………. 2

Statement of the problem…………………………………………………….. 3

Scope and Delimitation……………………………………………………….. 3

Significance of the Study………………………………………………………4

II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Relevant Theories……………………………………………………………... 6

Review of Related Literature…………………………………………………. 6

Review of Related Studies……………………………………………………. 7

Conceptual Framework and Paradigm of the Study……………………….. 8

Hypothesis of the Study……………………………………………………….. 9

Assumptions of the Study…………………………………………………….. 9

Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………….. 9

III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design………………………………………………………………12

Respondents of the Study…………………………………………………… 12

Instrument of the Study……………………………………………………… 13

 APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis proposal entitled, “THE CAPACITY OF SELECTED SECOND

YEAR NURSING STUDENT FROM HOLY INFANT COLLEGE IN LEARNING
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY SUBJECT THAT WILL SERVE AS A
FUNDAMENTALS ON THEIR EXCELLENCE TO MEDICAL PRACTICES IN
RELATION TO THEIR STUDY TECHNIQUES AND HABITS,” prepared and
submitted by ARVIN IAN PEÑAFLOR, BRENT CUE KIM DIT and JULIUS SAM
VENEZUELA in partial fulfillment of the requirements in English 3, has been
examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval for oral
examination.

JOCYLEN A. TIOPES
Instructor

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of ______ on

October 26, 2010.

_____________________________

AMADEO P. CRISTOBAL, Jr., Ed. D.

Chairman

_________________ _________________
GIGI A. SUNGA MYRA T. SANTOS
Member Member

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements in English 3.

________________________ ____________________________
ELNORA C. QUEBEC AMADEO P. CRISTOBAL, Jr., Ed.D.
Dean, College of Nursing Dean, Office of Academic Affairs
 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM

This chapter presents the following essential elements of the study: the

Introduction, which contains the rationale of the chosen study; the Statement of

the Problem, which focuses on the questions that is to be answer by the

researchers; Scope and Delimitations, which identifies the major variables sub-

variables and indicators; and the Significance of the Study, which provides the

beneficial effect of the proposal to different establishments.

Introduction

The Clinical instructors of Holy Infant College are complaining that the nursing

students nowadays seems to be having difficulty in recalling what they have

learned in their anatomy subject. Learning this subject is the most important

aspect in the nursing field, because this will serve as the foundation in their

chosen profession. As the learners’ experience varies, the capacity and the

learning achievements among the learners also differ. These variations not only

provide diversity in a classroom where the teacher has to be aware of different

learners’ specific needs, but also create problems for the learners.

It is very difficult for the student to learn about the Pathophysiology of certain

disease if they do not even know the normal anatomy and physiology of the

specific organ that is affected. Thus, most of the Clinical Instructors give time to

review the anatomy and physiology of the topic that they are about to discuss

especially the disease processes. Of course it is a waste of time in reviewing

these lessons.

The capacity to learn anatomy subject has a number of factors that affect in it.

We consider these factors as environmental factors in which the student cannot

concentrate well if their environment is noisy, financial factors where they lack of

books and other study guides, but most of these nurses’ students have grave

factors that affect on them. An example of it is the study habits and techniques in

which we observed to the previous students that already took the anatomy

subject. That they often study to this subject when exams and quizzes are near.
 The researchers aim to unlock the mystery of the relationship between the

student’s performance in the anatomy and physiology subject, if these factors

greatly affect their learning capacity and retention.

Statement of the problem

This study aims to seek the possible outcomes regarding to the excellence in

Anatomy and Physiology subject that will be greatly affected by Study

Techniques and Habits.

Specifically, its goal is to answer the following questions:

 Are these selected 2nd year nursing students really learned Anatomy and

Physiology subject?

 Is there a significance relationship between the excellence of selected 2 nd

year nursing student in medical practices and study habits and

techniques?

 Are the study habits and techniques greatly affects learning the anatomy

and physiology subject?

Scope and Delimitation

This study is focused on the learning capacity of the selected level II Nursing

Students of Holy Infant College in relation to their study techniques and study

habits. The performance of the students is visible on their achievements and

their approach on the clinical practices. The excellence of these students is

greatly affected by different factors including the environmental, financial,

psychological, developmental etc. But this study concentrated on two specific

factors where the students are mostly involved.

Significance of the Study

This study will be a significant endeavor in promoting good work and

achievements of the students that are involved in this proposal. This study will

also be of great benefit to Clinical Instructors where it will provide a specific

strategy in teaching and evaluating the students if they will be needing further

enhancement with regard to their achievements and acquisition of necessary

knowledge or ideas. By understanding the needs of the students and benefits of

quality education, these instructors and students will be assured of a competitive

advantage.

Moreover, this study will be helpful enough to open the thoughts of a student

in setting a priority on such subject that is too basic but of great help in a certain

profession. It will also serve as a future reference for researchers on the subject

of evaluating of students regarding to Anatomy and Physiology knowledge. And

importantly, this research will educate clients in deciding on whether or whether

not to study for the effectiveness of being a nursing students.

 Chapter 2

THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter presents the following elements: Relevant theories, which

discuss the theories that serve as the foundation of the problem; Review of

Related Literature, which clarifies and defines the variables being studied from

different literatures; Review of Related Studies, which gathers studies which

focuses on different variables; Conceptual Framework and Paradigm of the

Study, which are presented as diagrammatical picture; and the Definition of

Terms, which theoretically and operationally define all the variables and other

key concepts used in the study.

Relevant Theories

Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning of Richard Mayer, which is a

cognitive theory based on three main assumptions, two separate channels

(Auditory and Visual) for processing information. This theory correlate the chosen

study by means on “how” do the students perceive ideas that wants to be

learned. It gives a sense that learning is an active process of filtering, selecting,

organizing, and integrating ideas. In which it coincides with the learning capacity

of students depending whether they are visual and/or auditory learners. Which

mean that their capacity of acquiring such knowledge depends on what type of

channel they use, a student who is both visual and auditory learner gather more

information quickly than one-channeled student.

Experiential Learning of David A. Kolb, a four-stage cyclical theory of learning

with a holistic perspective that combines experience, perception, cognition, and

behavior. This theory covers all necessary guides in learning, because learning is

not just reading and genes, but it is the application of the four perspectives. Of

course it is a must that should be studied before conducting a research like this,

because this theory combines the necessary tools on how to assess the learning

techniques and such habits that will contribute or affect the student’s capacity in

the acquisition of knowledge.

Review of related Literatures

On the learning capacity of the students in anatomy subject that will serve as

their fundamentals on their profession. This is the process that occurs in most of
the students. Students would certainly have this learning capacity in order for

them to grasp new learning and ideas, and to use it on the other field or subject

that they will be suppose to learn; this is why it is called “ Fundamentals”

because it serve as the baseline or root of all nursing field.

On the study habits and techniques. This is also termed learning styles, in

which the students tend to use this different learning style as to acquire these

learning. One student should seek a learning style that will fits to their perception

and easy retention in order for him to process this ideas for usage in other

subjects.

Review of Related Studies

The study of Ms. Enna E. Balais (2003) entitled “The Relationship between

the Study Habits and Academic Performance in English of Freshmen Student of

selected National Secondary Schools of Southern Municipalities of Eastern

Samar” aimed to determine the effect of studious and non-studious students in

relation to their academic performance. The findings were that there is greatly

significance relationship between the academic performance and study habits.

This study stressed a relevant ideas in this chosen proposal, this research also

aim the significant relationship of study habits and academic performance.

Although this study focuses only on a part of the chosen study whereas the

present study focused on both learning capacity of the students with regards to

their study habits and learning techniques.

Conceptual Framework and Paradigm of the study

 Learning Capacity of selected 2nd year
Nursing student of Holy Infant College
in Learning Anatomy and Physiology
Subject that will serve as the
Fundamentals on their Excellence to
Medical Practices in relation to their
Study Techniques and Habits

To conduct a survey using

questionnaire and statistical treatment

Analyze the data gathered by the tools

that were used

Understand the factors affecting the

students in learning skills and
cognitive perception

Hypothesis of the Study

  The selected 2nd year nursing students of Holy Infant College were

Excellent in the Anatomy and Physiology subject.

 There is a significance relationship between the excellence of selected

2nd year nursing student in medical practices and study habits and

techniques.

 Study habits and study techniques do affect the Learning capacity of

selected 2nd year nursing students of Holy Infant College.

Assumption of the Study

 The selected 2nd year nursing students of Holy Infant College have a

great capacity in Learning Anatomy and Physiology subject.

 The fundamentals of the selected 2 nd year Nursing Students were very

satisfactory in which they really make it a baseline in their chosen

course or profession.

 Different Study habits and Techniques of the selected 2 nd year nursing

students result in excellent performance in medical practices and some

related subjects.

 There are many factors affecting the learning capacity of the nursing

students.

Definition of Terms

a) Learning – is acquiring new knowledge, behaviors, skills, values,

preferences or understanding, and may involve in synthesizing types of

information. Human learning may occur as part of education, personal

 development, or training. It may be goal-oriented and may be aided by

motivation.

b) Capacity – it is defined as “the Ability to”.

c) Nursing - is a healthcare profession focused on the care of

individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or

recover optimal health and quality of life from birth to death.

d) Student - is a learner, or someone who attends an educational institution.

In some nations, the English term (or its cognate in another language) is

reserved for those who attend university, while a schoolchild under the

age of eighteen is called a “pupil” in English (or an equivalent in other). 

e) Anatomy and Physiology – it deals with the part of human body and its

functions.

f) Fundamentals – it is a baseline or a foundation of such field.

g) Excellence - is the state or quality of excelling. Particularly in the field of

business and organizations, excellence is considered to be an

important value, and a goal to be pursued.

h) Study habits - are routines of behavior about reading etc. that are

repeated regularly and tend to occur subconsciously, without one

being conscious about them.

i) Techniques - is a procedure used to accomplish a specific task or any

systematic method to obtain information of a scientific nature.

Chapter 3
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter addresses the question of how the problem will be investigated

and includes discussion on the following elements: respondents, criteria, and

instruments used.

Research Design
 The researchers decided to use a qualitative research design. Because this

focus on the subjective meaning of an experience to an individual. We selected

this design because data collection must be done through observation of and

interviews with selected significant others of 2 nd year nursing students. We also

come up with a numbers of hypothesis thus we used this designs because

hypothesis testing lies in qualitative research and also, the capacity of learning is

cannot be measured by other means.

Respondent of the Study

The researchers used the simple random sampling to identify the subject.

This strategy was used to make sure that nothing is to be biased and also, the

research result would be of course reliable. We aim to conduct study on

SELECTED 2nd YEAR NURSING STUDENT, not just the above average 2 nd year

students. The name of the students were written in a piece of paper then we put

it on a bowl then we pick up one by one until the aimed number of participant.

The purpose of this is to give all 2 nd year nursing student of holy infant college an

equal chance to be the respondent of such study.

Questionnaire
 TEST I. Self-assessment for study habits and techniques

Direction: Read the sentence and choose the letter of your choice HONESTLY, there are
no wrong answers just encircle it and we will do the rest.

1. I study ANATOMY every day during the semester.

a. always / almost always
b. sometimes
c. almost never
d. never even thought of it
2. I choose a specific time to study ANATOMY.
a. always / almost always
b. sometimes
c. almost never
d. never even thought of it

3. I seek a specific place with few distractions to study ANATOMY.

a. always / almost always
b. sometimes
c. almost never
d. never even thought of it

4. I study ANATOMY eight to ten hours a week.

a. always / almost always
b. sometimes
c. almost never
d. never even thought of it

5. I read my textbook before I come to class.

a. always / almost always
b. sometimes
c. almost never
d. never even thought of it

6. If I have trouble understanding the medical terms, I usually use medical dictionary.
a. always / almost always
b. sometimes
c. almost never
d. never even thought of it
7.   I am careful to copy all the necessary topics in my notes.
a. always / almost always
b. sometimes
c. almost never
d. never even thought of it

8.   I ask the instructor or tutor center when I am confused.

a. always / almost always
b. sometimes
c. almost never
d. never even thought of it

9.   I review my notes and lessons before sleeping.

a. always / almost always
b. sometimes
c. almost never
d. never even thought of it

10.   I read the sentences repeatedly until I understand them, not just until I finish
reading the sentences.
a. always / almost always
b. sometimes
c. almost never
d. never even thought of it

11.   I read and summarize the chapter before the examination.
a. always / almost always
b. sometimes
c. almost never
d. never even thought of it

12. I develop memory techniques to remember ANATOMY’S concepts.

a. always / almost always
b. sometimes
c. almost never
d. never even thought of it

13. I prefer to study in groups rather than self study.

a. always / almost always
b. sometimes
c. almost never
 d. never even thought of it

14. I take practice tests after I review my lessons.

a. always / almost always
b. sometimes
c. almost never
d. never even thought of it

15. I use several good relaxation techniques before or in the midst of studying.
a. always / almost always
b. sometimes
c. almost never
d. never even thought of it

Test II Choose the letter of the correct answer by encircling the letters
below each question.

1. A structure composed of 2 or more tissues with a defined anatomical boundary is

a(n):
a. Organ system
b. Organ
c. Tissue Complex
d. Membrane

2. Which of the following describes a secretory process in which no cell membrane

components or cytosolic contents are lost?

a. Merocrine
b. Apocrine
c. Holocrine
d. Endocrine

3. Small, hair-like structures (that are not extensions of the plasma membrane) on the
surface of some epithelial cells are called:

a. Flagella
b. Cilia
c. Villi
d. Plicae
e. Microvilli

4. Which of the following heals quickest after an injury?

a. Bone
b. Muscle
 c. Nerve
d. Epithelium

5. The peripheral nervous system includes the:

a. Somatic nervous system

b. Brain
c. Spinal cord
d. Nuclei

6. Each of the following is an amino acid derivative EXCEPT:

a. Epinephrine
b. Melatonin
c. Thyroxine
d. TSH

7. The ______ cells of the pancreas secrete insulin.

a. F
b. Chief
c. Principal
d. Alpha
e. Beta
f. Delta

8. Say you ate 25 sugar cubes and then drank a liter of Mountain Dew, which hormone
might be secreted in large amounts as a result?

a. Insulin
b. Glucagon
c. Prolactin
d. GnRH
e. Somastinin

9. The term that refers to the percentage of packed erythrocytes per unit volume of
blood is the:

a. Differential Count
b. Hemoglobin
c. Hematocrit
d. Hemopoiesis

10. Plasma is:

a. Blood that has no red blood cells

b. The liquid portion of blood including the clotting factors
c. The liquid portion of blood minus the clotting factors
d. The proteins of blood
11. Which blood vessel does NOT bring deoxygenated blood directly to the heart?

a. Pulmonary vein
b. Coronary Sinus
c. Inferior Vena cava
d. Superior Vena Cava

12. Air and food are routed into the proper channels by the:

a. Trachea
b. Pharynx
c. Larynx
d. Carina

13. The difference between the systolic and the diastolic pressures is known as the:

a. Blood Pressure
b. Pulse Pressure
c. Mean Arterial Pressure
d. End-ventricular Pressure
e.

14. The gallbladder:

a. Produces bile
b. Is attached to the pancreas
c. Stores and concentrates bile
d. Produces cholecystokinin

15. Which of the following sphincters is under voluntary control?

a. Pyloric
b. Cardiac
c. Hepatopancreatic
d. Internal anal
e. External anal

RATINGS:

14- 15 - excellent

11-13 - above average

9-10 - average

7-8 - below average

 3- 6 - poor

0-2 - very poor

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. William McDougall. 1912. Psychology, the study of behavior:

Issue 41 of Home university library of modern knowledge. Madison: H. Holt
and company, INC.
2. Mayer, R. (1954). Cognitive theory of Multimedia Learning. Retrieve from the
World Wide Web : http://www.learning-theories.com/cognitive-theory-of-
multimedia-learning-mayer.html
3. Kolb, D.A. (1983). Experiential Learning. Retrieve from http://www.learning-
theories.com/experiential-learning-kolb.html
4. Bruner, J. (1920). Discovery Learning. Retrieve from http://www.learning-
theories.com/discovery-learning-bruner.html
5. Balais, E.E. (2003). The relationship between the study habits and academic
performance in english of freshmen student of selected national secondary
schools of southern municipalities of eastern samar. Unpublished Thesis,
Holy Infant College, Inc., Tacloban City