Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Prokaryote Eukaryote
AGGAGG 10 bases
upstream of AUG codon
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Depletion of iron
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EUKARYOTIC DNA
2. Mitochondrial DNA
Circular DNA
3. Chloroplast DNA
•“extrachromosomal” or
“cytoplasmic” DNA
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RuBisCO
PLANT CELL
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DEVELOPMENTAL GENETICS
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Cloning of Dolly
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•Examples
•Maternal effect genes
•Zygotic genes
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Hox Genes
•Regulate development
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• Homeobox-
containing genes
• Drosophila
• 1 chromosome
• Mammals
• 4 chromosomes
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•genes can be
manipulated
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Viruses
•Aggregates of nucleic acids and proteins
•Not considered living-----WHY?
Viruses
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Viruses
•Bacteriophage (phage)
Viruses
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Viruses
•Mechanisms of viral infection
1. Lytic cycle – results in lysis (death) of host cell
Viruses
•Some bacterial defenses against lytic phages:
•Change in receptor sites for phages
•Restriction nucleases cut foreign DNA
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Viruses
•Mechanisms of viral infection
2. Lysogenic cycle – no lysis of host cell
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Viruses
•Retroviruses – contain reverse transcriptase
enzyme
– e.g. Human immunodefficiency virus (HIV)
Viruses
•Retroviruses
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Viruses
•Probable origins
•Probably evolved after the first cells
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