Name : Fiky Niswati Yuslihah

NIM : P17250193025

Class : 1A

MONITORING PATIENT

1. HR (Heart Rate)

Heart rate is the number of times the arteries (clean blood) expand and contract in
one minute in response to a heatbeat. The heart rate can very between individuals. The
amount can be lower when you are at rest and can increase when you are exercising. This
is because during exercise the body needs more blood to carry oxygen to be flowed to all
cells in the body. The following is the number of normal heart rate of minute is infants up
to 1 year of age: 100-160 x/minute, children aged 1-10 years : 70-120 x/minute, children
aged 11-17 years : 60-100 x/minute, adults : 60-100 x/minute, and athletes in good
condition : 40-60 x/minutes. When the heart rate show more than 100 beats/minute in a
resting condition, this condition is called tachycardia. Which is a condition of rhythm
disturbance in the heart that makes the foyer and chambers beat faster than usual in a
resting condition. If the continues continuously then the heart muscle cells that lack of
oxygen can die and cause a heart attack. A heart rate that is less than 60 beats ever
minutes ic called bradycardia which is a condition where the heart beats slower than
usual. Having a week heartbeat is a sign of a heart electrical system problem. If not
treated immediately can cause a weak heart, angina pectoris, and the impact of severe
bradycardia, can cause death. By monitoring your heart rate regulary, you will be able to
prevent several disease such as arhytmia, coronary heart disease, hypertension or simply
knowing your stress level and the quality of your sleep every day.

2. PB (Pressure Blood)

Blood pressure is a measure that can determine how strong the heart is to pump
blood throughout the body that is pumped by heart against includes systolic blood
pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure is blood pressure when the
heart is tapping. Diastolic blood pressure is blood pressure when the heart is at rest.
 Everyone’s blood pressure is different, usually depending on age. Infant : 70/50 mmHg,
Children: 80-60 mmHg, Teens: 100/80 mmHg, and Adults : 120/80 mmHg. High blood
pressure in blood vessels is called hypertension. If not detected early and treated
promptly, hypertension can lead to serious complications of coronary heart disease, heart
failure, stroke, kidney failure, blindness, diabetes, and many other dangerous disease.
Blood pressure below normal is calles hypotension. Low blood pressure can make a
person feel dizzy, weak, reduced concentration, and also fainting because the brain does
not receive adequate blood supply. Routinely monitoring blood pressure, not only
prevents hypertension or hypotension, but at the same time can prevent rhe emergence of
various deisease.

3. SPo2 (Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen)

Spo2 (Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen) is a measure of how much percentage of

oxygen can be carried by haemoglobin. Normally, oxygen levels in the blood needed by
the body to function optimally are 90-100%. If oxygen levels are more than normal this
can result in oxygen poisoning. Oxygen poisoning in humans has a devasting effect on
three very vita organs, namely: the nervous system wgich causes convulsions and
unconsciousness. In the lungs resulting in shortness of breath and chest pain. In the eyes
that result in nearsightedness (myopia). Oxygen levels below normal are called hypoxia,
which is a condition of lack of oxygen supply in cells and body tissues to carry out their
normal functions. Hypoxia is a dangerous condition because it can disrupt the functioning
of the brain, and other organs quickly. Oxygen saturations values are important to
monitor because they can show the adequacy of oxygenation or perfusion tissue in the
body.

4. RR (Respiratory Rate)

Respiratory Rate (RR) is the number of breathing cycles (inspiration and

exspiration full) which is counted in 1 minutes or 60 seconds. Normal breathing rate for
adults when resting is 12-24 x/minute, normal respiratory rate values in children and
infants have different values, normal respiratory rate in children ranges between 20-50
x/minute, while the normal respiratory rate in infants is 30-40 x/minute. A breathing rate
more than normal is called tachpnea, this condition can make a person feel shortness of
 breath and rapid breathing. A respiratory rate that is less than normal is call bradypnea
which is a condition that indicates that breathing speed is reduced and slows down,
causing pain and tightness in the chest, dissiness, and decreased consciousness. It is
important to monitor the respiratory rate to monitor respiratory conditions in a person so
as to minimize the presense of respiratory distress.

5. Body Temperature

Body temperature is a measure of the body’s ability to produce and get rid of heat
and cold. The average size of normal body temperature by age group is as follows:
normal baby’s body temperature : 36,3 – 37,7 ⁰C, child’s normal body temperature :
36,1-37,7 ⁰C, normal adult body temperature : 36,5-37,5 ⁰C. a body temperature that is
more than normal usually someone will have a fever which is a condition of increasing
body temperature to more than 38⁰C. fever generally occurs as a reaction from the
immune system against viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infections. Some disease that
often cause fever are colds, strep throat, and urinary tract infections. Under normal body
temperature is called hypothermia which is a condition when the body temperature drops
dramatically below the normal temperature needed by metabolism and body function,
which is below 35⁰C. this condition must get treatment immediately, because it can cause
interference with the nervous system and other organs in the body. In addition, this
condition can also lead to failure of the respiratory system, circulatory system (heart), and
death. Monitor body temperature is important to monitor the condition of our body so
that if there is a decrease or increase in body temperature can be treater immediately.