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Topic 8 Questions
A. Ammonia
B. Hydrogen chloride
C. Potassium hydroxide
D. Sodium hydrogencarbonate
2. Which of the following is/are formed when a metal oxide reacts with a dilute acid?
I. A metal salt
II. Water
3. Four aqueous solutions, I, II, III and IV, are listed below.
A. I, II, III, IV
C. II, I, III, IV
4. Which substance can be dissolved in water to give a 0.1 mol dm–3 solution with a high
pH and a high electrical conductivity?
A. HCl
B. NaCl
C. NH3
1
D. NaOH
5. The pH of a solution is 2. If its pH is increased to 6, how many times greater is the [H+]
of the original solution?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 1000
D. 10 000
7. Lime was added to a sample of soil and the pH changed from 4 to 6. What was the
corresponding change in the hydrogen ion concentration?
A. increased by a factor of 2
C. decreased by a factor of 2
8. When the following 1.0 mol dm–3 solutions are listed in increasing order of pH (lowest
first), what is the correct order?
2
D. A change in [H+(aq)] from 1×10–4 to 1×10–6 mol dm–3
10. Which methods can distinguish between solutions of a strong monoprotic acid and a
weak monoprotic acid of the same concentration?
I. Add magnesium to each solution and measure the rate of the formation of
gas bubbles.
II. Add aqueous sodium hydroxide to each solution and measure the
temperature change.
III. Use each solution in a circuit with a battery and lamp and see how bright the
lamp glows.
A. I and II only
D. I, II and III
11. Which species are a conjugate pair according to the Brønsted-Lowry theory?
13. Lime is added to a lake to neutralize the effects of acid rain. The pH value of the lake
water rises from 4 to 7. What is the change in concentration of H+ ions in the lake
water?
A. An increase by a factor of 3
C. A decrease by a factor of 3
3
B. CH3COOH and CH3COO–
15. Solutions of hydrochloric acid (HCl(aq)) and ethanoic acid (CH3COOH(aq)) of the
same concentration reacted completely with 5.0 g of calcium carbonate in separate
containers. Which statement is correct?
D. The same volume of CO2(g) was produced with both CH3COOH(aq) and HCl(aq).
16. Solutions of hydrochloric acid (HCl(aq)) and ethanoic acid (CH3COOH(aq)) of the
same concentration reacted completely with 5.0 g of calcium carbonate in separate
containers. Which statement is correct?
D. The same volume of CO2(g) was produced with both CH3COOH(aq) and HCl(aq).
I. HCl(aq)
II. HNO3(aq)
III. H2SO4(aq)
18. The pH of a solution changes from pH = 1 to pH = 3. What happens to the [H+] during
this pH change?
4
B. It decreases by a factor of 100.
A. H2SO4(aq)
B. SO42–(aq)
C. H2O(l)
D. H3O+(aq)
A. BF3
B. OH–
C. H2O
D. NH3
21. Which substance, when dissolved in water, to give a 0.1 mol dm–3 solution, has the
highest pH?
A. HCl
B. NaCl
C. NH3
D. NaOH
22. Which methods will distinguish between equimolar solutions of a strong base and a
strong acid?
I. Add magnesium to each solution and look for the formation of gas bubbles.
II. Add aqueous sodium hydroxide to each solution and measure the
temperature change.
III. Use each solution in a circuit with a battery and lamp and see how bright the
lamp glows.
A. I and II only
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D. I, II and III
23. (a) Aqueous XO43– ions form a precipitate with aqueous silver ions, Ag+. Write a
balanced equation for the reaction, including state symbols.
....................................................................................................................................
.......
(2)
(b) When 41.18 cm3 of a solution of aqueous silver ions with a concentration of
0.2040 mol dm–3 is added to a solution of XO43– ions, 1.172 g of the precipitate is
formed.
(i) Calculate the amount (in moles) of Ag+ ions used in the reaction.
(1)
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(2)
(iv) Determine the relative atomic mass of X and identify the element.
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(2)
(Total 8 marks)
24. (a) (i) A solution of hydrochloric acid has a concentration of 0.10 mol dm–3 and a
pH value of 1. The solution is diluted by a factor of 100. Determine the
concentration of the acid and the pH value in the diluted solution.
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(2)
(ii) Explain why 0.10 mol dm–3 ethanoic acid solution and the diluted solution
in (a) (i) have similar [H+] values.
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(3)
(b) Suggest one method, other than measuring pH, which could be used to distinguish
between solutions of a strong acid and a weak acid of the same concentration.
State the expected results.
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(2)
(Total 7 marks)
25. Define the terms strong acid and weak acid. Using hydrochloric and ethanoic acid as
examples, write equations to show the dissociation of each acid in aqueous solution.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
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(Total 4 marks)
26. (i) Calcium carbonate is added to separate solutions of hydrochloric acid and
ethanoic acid of the same concentration. State one similarity and one difference in
the observations you could make.
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…..
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…..
(2)
(ii) Write an equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium
carbonate.
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…..
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(2)
(iii) Determine the volume of 1.50 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid that would react with
exactly 1.25 g of calcium carbonate.
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(3)
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(2)
(Total 9 marks)
27. The pH values of solutions of three organic acids of the same concentration were
measured.
acid X pH = 5
acid Y pH = 2
8
acid Z pH = 3
(ii) Deduce how the [H+] values compare in solutions of acids Y and Z.
(2)
(iii) Arrange the solutions of the three acids in decreasing order of electrical
conductivity, starting with the greatest conductivity, giving a reason for your
choice.
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
28. The equilibrium reached when ethanoic acid is added to water can be represented by the
following equation:
Define the terms Brønsted-Lowry acid and Lewis base, and identify two examples of
each of these species in the equation.
(Total 4 marks)
29. Identify one example of a strong acid and one example of a weak acid. Outline three
different methods to distinguish between equimolar solutions of these acids in the
laboratory. State how the results would differ for each acid.
(Total 5 marks)
31. Define the terms Brønsted-Lowry acid and Lewis acid. For each type of acid, identify
one example other than water and write an equation to illustrate the definition.
(Total 5 marks)
32. The pH values of three acidic solutions, X, Y and Z, are shown in the following table:
Solution Acid pH
X HCl(aq) 2
Y HCl(aq) 4
CH3COOH(aq
Z 4
)
(i) Solutions X and Z have the same acid concentration. Explain, by reference to both
acids, why they have different pH values.
(2)
(ii) Deduce by what factor the values of [H+] in solutions X and Y differ.
(1)
(Total 3 marks)
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33. State and explain two methods, other than measuring pH, which could be used to
distinguish between 1.0 mol dm–3 solutions of nitric acid and ethanoic acid.
(Total 4 marks)
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(1)
(b) State, giving a reason in each case, two methods other than measuring pH, that
could be used to distinguish between 0.100 mol dm–3 propanoic acid and 0.100
mol dm–3 nitric acid.
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(2)
(Total 3 marks)
35. State an equation for the reaction of propanoic acid with water. Identify one conjugate
Brønsted-Lowry pair.
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(Total 2 marks)
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IB Chemistry – SL
Topic 8 Answers
1. B
2. B
3. B
4. D
5. D
6. D
7. D
8. A
9. D
10. D
11. D
12. C
13. D
14. B
15. D
16. D
17. D
18. B
19. B
20. A
21. D
22. A
11
23. (a) 3Ag+(aq) + XO43–(aq) → Ag3XO4(s);
states; 2
[1] for balanced equation and [1] for states.
n Ag3 XO 4 1 1
(ii) = 3 nAg+ = 3×0.008401 mol
= 0.002800/2.800×10–3 mol 1
3 3
24. (a) (i) 0.0010 / 1.0×10 (mol dm );
pH = 3; 2
OR
titration curves: namely strong acid and strong base will have an equivalence
point pH of 7 and a weak acid and strong base will have an equivalence point
pH of >7.
12
OR
temperature change: on neutralization for temperature change: namely,
neutralization (H+ + OH) is exothermic, weak acid is partially dissociated
so some energy used up in dissociation of weak acid net result, weak acid
would produce less energy/less temperature increase compared to
neutralization of strong acid.
[7]
1.25
(iii) amount of CaCO3 = 100.09 (no penalty for use of 100);
amount of HCl = 2×0.0125 = 0.0250 mol (allow ECF);
volume of HCl = 0.0167 dm3/16.7 cm3 (allow ECF); 3
(iv) 1:1 ratio of CaCO3 to CO2 /use 0.0125 moles CO2 (allow ECF);
(0.0125×22.4) = 0.28 dm3/280 cm3/2.8×10–4 m3 (allow ECF); 1
Accept calculation using pV=nRT.
[9]
27. (i) X; 1
Lewis base
electron pair donor/OWTTE;
H2O and CH3COO ; 4
[4]
13
29. HCl/H2SO4/HNO3/any strong acid;
CH3COOH/H2CO3/any weak acid;
Measure pH the strong acid has the lower pH;
Accept universal indicator and two correct colours.
Measure (electrical) conductivity this is greater for the stronger acid;
Add magnesium/carbonate more gas bubbles with the stronger acid/Mg or
carbonate would disappear faster with stronger acid;
[5]
Lewis acid
electron pair acceptor;
Brønsted-Lowry acid
Any suitable equation;
For example
BF3 + NH3 BF3NH3/Cu2+ + 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4]2+/AlCl3 + Cl AlCl 4 ;
5
Or any suitable equation.
[5]
33. conductivity;
nitric acid will contain more ions and have a higher conductivity/ethanoic acid
will have fewer ions and have a lower conductivity;
14
(b) conductivity - propanoic acid will be lower because lower ion concentration
/less dissociated;
reaction with metal/metal carbonate/metal hydrogencarbonate - propanoic
acid will react slower/less vigorously because lower [H+]/less dissociated;
reaction with alkali - temperature change will be less for propanoic acid
because lower [H+]/less dissociated; 2
Award [1] mark each for two.
[3]
35. CH3CH2COOH + H2O CH3CH2COO + H3O+/CH3CH2COOH
CH3CH2COO + H+;
required for mark.
CH3CH2COOH and CH3CH2COO /H3O+ and H2O; 2
[2]
15