COLEGIUL ECONOMIC ’’ION GHICA’’ TÂRGOVIȘTE

LUCRARE DE ATESTAT

LIMBA ENGLEZĂ

FIVE LADIES AND THE TOWER OF

LONDON

ABSOLVENT: ION MERONICA-ANDREEA

CLASA a XII-a F

TURISM INTENSIV LIMBA ENGLEZĂ

PROFESOR COORDONATOR: TIMOFTE MIHAELA

- TÂRGOVIȘTE-
Introduction.........................................................................................3

Chapter 1-The five ladies......................................................................4

1. Anne Boleyn........................................................................4

2.Margaret,Countess of Salisbury............................................6

3.Catherine Howard.................................................................6

4.Jane,Viscountess Rochford....................................................8

5.Lady Jane Grey.......................................................................8

Chapter 2-The tower of London.............................................................9

1.Crown Jewels......................................................................9

2.Royal Menagerie................................................................10

3.Arhitecture........................................................................10

4.Restoration and tourism....................................................11

5.Changing use......................................................................13

Conclusions............................................................................................14

Bibliography...........................................................................................15
 Introduction

London is the capital and largest city of England and of the United Kingdom.
Standing on the River Thames in the south-east of England, at the head of its 50-mile
(80 km) estuary leading to the North Sea, London has been a major settlement for two
millennia.London is considered to be one of the world's most important global cities and
has been termed the world's most powerful, most desirable,most influential, most
visited, most expensive, innovative, sustainable,most investment friendly, and most
popular for work city. London exerts a considerable impact upon the arts, commerce,
education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services,
research and development, tourism and transportation.

It is the most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the

busiest city airport system as measured by passenger traffic.It is the leading investment
destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than
any other city. London's universities form the largest concentration of higher education
institutes in Europe, and London is home to highly ranked institutions such as Imperial
College London in natural and applied sciences, the London School of Economics in
social sciences, and the comprehensive University College London. In 2012, London
became the first city to have hosted three modern Summer Olympic Games.London has
a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the
region.

A 2013 report by the City of London Corporation said that London is the
"greenest city" in Europe with 35,000 acres of public parks, woodlands and gardens.The
largest parks in the central area of London are three of the eight Royal Parks, namely
Hyde Park and its neighbour Kensington Gardens in the west, and Regent's Park to the
north.Hyde Park in particular is popular for sports and sometimes hosts open-air
concerts. Regent's Park contains London Zoo, the world's oldest scientific zoo, and is
near Madame Tussauds Wax Museum.Primrose Hill, immediately to the north of
Regent's Park, at 256 feet is a popular spot from which to view the city skyline.
 CHAPTER 1-THE FIVE LADIES

1.Anne Boleyn was Queen of England from 1533 to 1536 as the second wife
of King Henry VIII. Their marriage, and her execution by beheading, made her a
key figure in the political and religious upheaval that was the start of the English
Reformation. Anne was the daughter of Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, and
his wife, Lady Elizabeth Howard, and was educated in the Netherlands and France,
largely as a maid of honour to Queen Claude of France. Anne returned to England
in early 1522, to marry her Irish cousin James Butler, 9th Earl of Ormond; the
marriage plans were broken off, and instead she secured a post at court as maid of
honour to Henry VIII's wife, Catherine of Aragon.Early in 1523 Anne was secretly
betrothed to Henry Percy, son of Henry Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland, but the
betrothal was broken off when the Earl refused to support their engagement.
Cardinal Wolsey refused the match in January 1524 and Anne was sent back home
to Hever Castle. In February or March 1526, Henry VIII began his pursuit of Anne.
She resisted his attempts to seduce her, refusing to become his mistress, which her
sister Mary had been. It soon became the one absorbing object of Henry's desires to
annul his marriage to Catherine so he would be free to marry Anne. When it
became clear that Pope Clement VII would not annul the marriage, the breaking of
the Catholic Church's power in England began. In 1532, Henry granted Anne the
Marquessate of Pembroke.

Anne's great great great-grandparents included a Lord Mayor of London, a

duke, an earl, two aristocratic ladies, and a knight. One of them, Geoffrey Boleyn,
had been a mercer and wool merchant before becoming Lord Mayor. The Boleyn
family originally came from Blickling in Norfolk, 15 miles (24 km) north of
Norwich. At the time of Anne's birth, the Boleyn family was considered one of the
most respected in the English aristocracy. Among her relatives, she numbered the
Howards, one of the preeminent families in the land; and one of her ancestors
included King Edward I of England. According to Eric Ives, she was certainly of
more noble birth than Jane Seymour, Catherine Howard, and Catherine Parr, Henry
VIII's three other English wives. The spelling of the Boleyn name was variable, as
common at the time. Sometimes it was written as Bullen, hence the bull heads
which formed part of her family arms. At the court of Margaret of Austria in the
Netherlands, Anne is listed as Boullan. From there she signed the letter to her
father as Anna de Boullan. She is also referred to as "Anna Bolina"; this Latinised
form is used in most portraits of her.