Instructor's Manual and Test Bank: English Essentials: What Everyone Needs To Know About Grammar, Punctuation, and Usage

Instructor’s Manual and
Test Bank:
English Essentials:
What Everyone Needs to Know
About Grammar, Punctuation,
and Usage
John Langan
Beth Johnson
TOWNSEND PRESS
INSTRUCTOR’S MANUAL
AND TEST BANK
What everyone needs to know about

grammar, punctuation, and usage
John Langan
ATLANTIC CAPE COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Beth Johnson
TOWNSEND PRESS
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ii
CONTENTS
HINTS FOR INSTRUCTORS 1
A Suggested Method for Using the Book in Class 1
General Hints for Teaching Grammar Skills 2
A Note on the Online Exercises 3
A Note on the Student Answer Key 4
Keeping Us Honest and Answering Your Questions 4
DIAGNOSTIC AND ACHIEVEMENT TESTS 5
Diagnostic Test of Basic Written English 5
Achievement Test of Basic Written English 9
Answer Sheet 13
Answer Key 14
ENGLISH ESSENTIALS ANSWER KEY 15
Answers to the “Check Your Understanding” Activities 15
Answers to the Practices and Tests
PART ONE
1 Subjects and Verbs 17
2 Irregular Verbs 18
3 Subject-Verb Agreement 19
4 Sentence Types 19
5 Fragments I 21
6 Fragments II 22
7 Run-Ons and Comma Splices I 24
8 Run-Ons and Comma Splices II 25
9 The Comma 26
10 The Apostrophe 28
11 Quotation Marks 28
12 Homonyms 30
13 Capital Letters 31
14 Parallelism 32
PART TWO
15 Preparing a Paper 34
16 Punctuation Marks 34
17 Pronoun Forms 35
18 Pronoun Problems 36
19 Adjectives and Adverbs 36
20 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers 37
21 Word Choice 38
iii
22 Numbers and Abbreviations 39
23 More about Subjects and Verbs 39
24 More about Subject-Verb Agreement 40
25 More about Verbs 41
26 Even More about Verbs 42
27 More about Run-Ons and Comma Splices 43
28 More about Commas 43
29 More about Apostrophes 44
30 More about Quotation Marks 44
31 More about Homonyms 45
32 More about Capital Letters 45
PART THREE
33 Proofreading 46
34 Ten Proofreading Tests 47
PART FOUR
35 Spelling Improvement 48
36 Parts of Speech 49
37 Dictionary Use 50
TEST BANK 51
Subjects and Verbs 52

Pronoun Problems 84
Irregular Verbs 54
Adjectives and Adverbs 86
Subject-Verb Agreement 56
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers 88
Sentence Types 58
Word Choice 90
Fragments I 60
Numbers and Abbreviations 92
Fragments II 62
More about Subjects and Verbs 94
Run-Ons and Comma Splices I
64 More about Subject-Verb Agreement 96
Run-Ons and Comma Splices II
66 More about Verbs 98
The Comma 68
Even More about Verbs 100
The Apostrophe 70
More about Run-Ons and Comma Splices 102
Quotation Marks 72
More about Commas 104
Homonyms 74
More about Apostrophes 106
Capital Letters 76
More about Quotation Marks 108
Parallelism 78
More about Homonyms 110
Punctuation Marks 80
More about Capital Letters 112
Pronoun Forms 82
Answers to the Tests in the Test Bank 114
iv
Hints for Instructors
Following is a specific method for using English Essentials in your classes, as well as some
general hints about teaching grammar skills.
A SUGGESTED METHOD FOR USING THE BOOK IN CLASS

At the beginning of the course:
In the first week or two of class, go through the sections of the Introduction titled “About
the Book” and “Becoming a Better Writer,” to give students a complete overview of the writ-
ing process. After completing this chapter, ask students to do the prewriting, scratch outline,
first draft, and final draft of a paper on one of the two topics in Group A in the final section
of the Introduction, “Writing Assignments,” on page 16. Then, before students hand in their
final drafts, go over Chapter 15, “Preparing a Paper,” on pages 169–170. This short section
provides fundamental information students will need to prepare a professional-
looking paper.
For the remainder of the course:

In the weeks that follow, have students choose and do one of the assignments in each of the
remaining nine groups on pages 16–23. In the last week of the course, have students do one
of the writing assignments they haven’t yet done, from any of the assignment groups.
In addition, each week cover one or two of the grammar, punctuation, and usage skills
in Parts One, Two, and Four of the book. (You may want to first give students the Diagnostic
Test of Basic Written English on pages 5–8 of this manual. Then concentrate on the skills
needed by most members of the class.)
To teach each grammar, punctuation, and usage skill, go through a given chapter’s prac-
tices in class (see “Vary your approach” on page 2), and also go through Test 1 at the end of
a Part One chapter.
All chapters in Part One have five tests; all chapters in Part Two have two tests. For chap-
ters with five tests, assign Tests 2 and 4 for homework. On the day these are due, go over
Tests 2 and 4 in class; then have students take Test 3 or Test 5 in class, and count it for a
grade. For chapters with two tests, use Test 1 for homework, and have students take Test 2
in class for a grade.
Then, as needed, give at least two additional tests in class: one for practice and one that
counts for a grade. For Part One, one of those tests could be the unused test in the chapter.
For your convenience, additional tests are provided in the Test Bank that appears later in this
IM (two tests for each chapter in Parts One and Two, except for “Preparing a Paper”). To get
full participation, we suggest that you don’t let students know in advance which of the tests
will count for a grade. (See “Don’t count every test” on page 3.)
Go over the tests in class right after students take them. (Collect test papers as students
finish, and distribute them to students in other parts of the room. Some students resist put-
ting X’s on a paper that belongs to the person sitting right next to them.) In this way,
1
students get immediate feedback on how they have done. Also, after class all you need to do
is to check the grades quickly and transfer them to your grade book.
As the weeks pass, use the additional tests from the IM and the proofreading tests in Part
Three to review previous skills covered in class. Near the end of the course, you might want
to use the Achievement Test of Basic Written English as part of a final exam; this test begins
on page 9 of this manual.
GENERAL HINTS FOR TEACHING GRAMMAR SKILLS

1 Vary your approach. At times, have students work in pairs or small groups on a
practice; then call on a spokesperson for each pair or group of students to supply one of
the answers. Or divide the class into groups of three or four students to work through a
test. When everyone in the group agrees on the answers to the test, have one member of
the group write these answers on the board, with the different groups competing to see
who can finish first and get more correct answers. If your class is small enough, you can
even have students work on their own on a given chapter, reading the explanations and
doing the activities, while you call students to your desk individually to check answers
and discuss any problems they are having with the skill.
When you are teaching a skill to the class as a whole, pause when you get to a
practice and say, “OK, let’s take a few minutes to do this practice.” Wait until most (but
not all) of the students have finished the practice, and then go over it. (Waiting until
everyone has finished can slow class momentum.) Don’t hesitate to call on students to
read and give the answer to a practice sentence. If you wait for students to volunteer, you
may be greeted with what seems like endless silence. If you “volunteer” them, though,
they’ll stay alert, and they’ll even start raising their hands, giving you a choice of people
to call upon.
2 Give continual feedback. Frequent, supportive feedback is essential to the learning

process. Here are ways to provide such feedback for your students:
● Small group interactions
● Class discussions and reviews
● Short one-on-one sessions with the teacher
● Immediate grading of practices
● Self-grading of selected practices (using the Student Answer Key)
● Graded quizzes and tests
3 Evaluate frequently. Students know from past experience that they must work hard
in test situations. Take advantage of this mindset by giving plenty of tests. These tests let
students know that they are learning the material and confirm that they are capable of
success. They also serve as a warning signal to students—and their instructors—if the
material is not being learned. Note that there are 104 tests in Parts One and Two of
English Essentials as well as another 72 tests in the Test Bank that appears later in this
book.
2
4 Don’t count every test. If you’re giving a mastery test, you might say, “OK, let’s
take a test on this skill. Turn to page ___, put your name at the top of the page, and do
the test. This test might count—or it might not.”
Since students won’t know whether it will count or not, they will give the test their
full effort. Then you can choose either to count it or to provide instant feedback by
saying, “Instead of collecting these papers for a grade, let’s just go over the answers now
in class.” Afterward, you can give another mastery test—one which will count for a
grade.
5 Keep explanations simple. Overuse of traditional grammatical terminology may

have turned some of your students away from grammar skills in the past. Note that the
text uses “joining word” instead of “coordinating conjunction,” “dependent-word
group” instead of “subordinate clause,” and the like. Students will respond positively—
perhaps even gratefully—to such simple, familiar language, and they’ll learn faster.
6 Use students’ names whenever possible. Personalized lessons are memorable

lessons. Here’s one example: If you’re teaching the apostrophe for possession, borrow
some belongings from students and bring the objects to your desk. Write on the board,
“The wallet that belongs to Rick,” “The notebook that is owned by Denise,” etc.—one
possessive phrase for each borrowed object. Then ask your students, “Is there an easier,
less cumbersome way to refer to each of these items?”
7 Use real-life examples whenever possible. Such examples can be combined

with first names. For instance, on a recent night when Beth was teaching comma splices,
she wrote on the board, “Last week Anna did really well on her test, she had the highest
grade in the class.” Beth also wrote, “Lily is wearing a blue sweatshirt and jeans, Jesse is
also dressed mostly in blue.” And she wrote, “Adam is working every day after school, he
has to do all his homework on weekends.” Rest assured that when you put on the board
personal (but, of course, not private) information about students in the class, you will
have the total attention of the class.
A NOTE ON THE ONLINE EXERCISES

If you adopt English Essentials for use with twenty or more students, you’re entitled to use
our online software. Simply go to www.townsendpress.com and click on “Online Exercises”
and then on English Essentials. You will find a diagnostic test, an achievement test, and two
additional mastery tests for most of the skills taught in the book. There are ten items in each
mastery test, and the tests are “user-friendly”—making use of the student’s first name, giv-
ing brief explanations of each answer, and providing a running score so the student always
knows how well he or she is doing.
Most of the tests begin with a short review of the skill, followed by ten test items on that
skill.
3
A NOTE ON THE STUDENT ANSWER KEY
A Student Answer Key, free to adopters of English Essentials, consists of answers to all the
practices and tests in the book. The answer key is reproduced on pages 15–48 of this man-
ual. Teachers using English Essentials as a class text have permission to photocopy and dis-
tribute unlimited copies of this key.
KEEPING US HONEST AND ANSWERING YOUR QUESTIONS

Despite our careful efforts, you may find at times that a practice sentence or a passage does
not work as well as it should. If so, and/or if you or your students are uncertain about some
items, let us know so that we can consider making changes in the next printing or revision
of the book. Send a note to the English Editor at Townsend Press, 1038 Industrial Drive,
West Berlin, NJ 08091, or e-mail us at <townsendcs@aol.com>. Your comments will then
be passed on to one of us. And if you have a question, someone will get back to you with an
answer. Our thanks in advance for helping us make the book as good as possible!
John Langan
Beth Johnson
4
ENGLISH ESSENTIALS NAME: ____________________________________________
Diagnostic Test of SECTION: ___________ DATE: _______________________
Basic Written English SCORE: ___________________________________________
Directions: For each question, write the letter of the answer you think is correct. Write
your answers on the sheet provided.
You have 40 minutes to complete the 50 items on the test.
1. Which of the following sentences should end in a ques- 8. All during class, Lizzie and Stu were pass notes to each
tion mark? other.
a. I need a flashlight In the sentence above, the underlined part should be
b. I wonder if I could borrow your flashlight written:
c. Do you have a flashlight that I could borrow a. pass c. passing
d. You may have a flashlight that I could borrow b. passed d. be passing
2. Which of the following has the correct form for a title 9. The puddles in the driveway freezed solid overnight.
on the top line of a school paper?
In the sentence above, the underlined part should be
a. “My Career Goals”
written:
b. My Career Goals
a. freezed c. frozen
c. My Career Goals.
b. frozed d. froze
d. my career goals
10. More people in the cafeteria chose pizza than macaroni
The bananas in this store cost far too much.
and cheese.
3. In the sentence above, the subject is
a. bananas. c. cost.
written:
b. store. d. much.
a. chose c. chosen
b. choosed d. chosed
4. In the sentence above, the verb is
a. bananas. c. cost.
11. Once a week, Lydia steams her face and placed cucum-
b. in this store. d. cost far too much.
ber slices over her eyes.
During summer vacation, I will be working at my In the sentence above, the underlined part should be
uncle’s restaurant. written:
a. placed c. places
5. In the sentence above, the subject is b. will place d. place
a. vacation. c. working.
b. I. d. restaurant.
12. Numerous flights are delaying by the snowstorm.
6. In the sentence above, the verb is In the sentence above, the underlined part should be
a. will be. c. working. written:
b. will be working. d. working at. a. delaying c. delays
b. delay d. delayed
7. Before getting into sales, Jackson had painting houses
for a living. 13. The man in the apartment next door stay there for days
at a time.
written: In the sentence above, the underlined part should be
a. had painting c. had painted written:
b. had paints d. has painting a. stay b. stays
14. There is two reasons I can’t come to the party.

written:
a. is b. are
(Continues on next page)
5
15. Nobody in this family sing well. 21. The refrigerator smells bad it needs to be cleaned.
In the sentence above, the underlined part should be One correct way to write the above is:
written: a. The refrigerator smells bad it needs to be cleaned.
a. sing b. sings b. The refrigerator smells bad, it needs to be cleaned.
c. The refrigerator smells bad and it needs to be
16. Until the rain stops. Business in the restaurant will be cleaned.
slow.
d. The refrigerator smells bad; it needs to be cleaned.
One correct way to write the above is:
a. Until the rain stops. Business in the restaurant will 22. The strong winds almost knocked us down.
be slow. In the sentence above, the underlined part should be
b. Until the rain stops, business in the restaurant. Will written:
be slow. a. us b. we
c. Until the rain stops; business in the restaurant will
be slow. 23. Claudio and me intend to open our own business one
d. Until the rain stops, business in the restaurant will day.
be slow. In the sentence above, the underlined part should be
written:
17. The children stood quietly on the street corner. Waiting a. me b. I
for the light to turn green.
One correct way to write the above is: 24. Neither of my brothers has had their hair cut in
a. The children stood quietly on the street corner. months.
Waiting for the light to turn green. In the sentence above, the underlined part should be
b. The children stood quietly. On the street corner. written:
Waiting for the light to turn green. a. their b. his
c. The children stood quietly on the street corner.
They were waiting. For the light to turn green. 25. We visited a museum in Nashville where you saw wax
d. The children stood quietly on the street corner. models of country music stars.
They were waiting for the light to turn green.
18. Everything in the underground chapel is carved from written:
salt. Including the altar. a. you b. one c. we
One correct way to write the above is: 26. After I used the knife to open the box of rice, I gave it
a. Everything in the underground chapel is carved to Mom.
from salt. Including the altar.
b. Everything in the underground chapel is carved. In the sentence above, the underlined part should be
From salt, including the altar. written:
c. Everything in the underground chapel is carved a. it b. the box
from salt, including the altar.
d. Everything in the underground chapel. Is carved 27. Dad was one of the more faster runners in the senior
from salt. Including the altar. marathon.
19. That tree should be sprayed, it also needs trimming. written:
One correct way to write the above is: a. more faster c. fastest
a. That tree should be sprayed, it also needs trimming. b. most faster d. most fast
b. That tree should be sprayed it also needs trimming.
c. That tree should be sprayed, and it also needs trim- 28. You shouldn’t never start your car in a closed garage.
ming. One correct way to write the above sentence is:
d. That tree should be sprayed and it also needs trim- a. You shouldn’t never start your car in a closed garage.
ming. b. You should never start your car in a closed garage.
20. Although it is only three o’clock, the sky is very dark. 29. Todd nearly won every gold medal at the track meet.
One correct way to write the above is: One correct way to write the above sentence is:
a. Although it is only three o’clock, the sky is very a. Todd nearly won every gold medal at the track meet.
dark. b. Todd won nearly every gold medal at the track meet.
b. It is only three o’clock, the sky is very dark. c. Todd won every gold medal nearly at the track meet.
c. It is only three o’clock the sky is very dark.
d. It is only three o’clock but the sky is very dark.
6
30. Slowly walking away from the post office, Paul’s letter 35. Tory is not only handsome but also a man who is kind.
had surprising news. In the sentence above, the underlined part should be
One correct way to write the above sentence is: written:
a. Slowly walking away from the post office, Paul’s let- a. not only handsome but also a man who is kind.
ter had surprising news. b. not only a handsome man but also a man who is
b. Slowly walking away from the post office, the news kind.
in Paul’s letter was surprising. c. not only handsome but also kind.
c. Slowly walking away from the post office, Paul read
a letter with surprising news. 36. The children claim they don’t know where that whole in
d. Slowly walking away from the post office, surprising the carpet came from.
news was communicated in Paul’s letter. In the sentence above, the underlined parts should be
written:
31. The art teacher went ape over Elena’s painting and a. know . . . whole c. no . . . whole
talked it up all over the school. b. know . . . hole d. no . . . hole
In formal writing, the most effective way to write the
above sentence is: 37. Only one peace of you’re birthday cake is left.
a. The art teacher went ape over Elena’s painting and In the sentence above, the underlined parts should be
talked it up all over the school. written:
b. The art teacher went wild over Elena’s painting and a. peace . . . you’re c. piece . . . you’re
told everyone about it. b. peace . . . your d. piece . . . your
c. The art teacher couldn’t get over Elena’s painting
and praised it to the skies. 38. Staring at her new red hair in the mirror, aunt Gloria
d. The art teacher was very enthusiastic about Elena’s asked, “is that really me?”
painting and told many people in school about it.
32. I get down in the dumps when it’s cold as ice outside written:
for more than a day or two. a. aunt Gloria asked, “is c. aunt Gloria Asked, “is
b. Aunt Gloria asked, “is d. Aunt Gloria asked, “Is
The most effective way to write the above sentence is:
a. I get down in the dumps when it’s cold as ice out- 39. Every june, the methodists in town host a big strawber-
side for more than a day or two. ry festival.
b. I get down in the dumps when it’s very cold out for
more than a day or two. In the sentence above, the underlined part should be
c. I get depressed when it’s very cold out for more than written:
a day or two. a. Every june, the methodists in town
d. I feel down in the mouth when it’s very cold out for b. Every june, the Methodists in town
more than a day or two. c. Every June, the Methodists in town
d. Every June, the Methodists in Town
33. At this point in time I have made a decision about what
my major will be. 40. That man holding the can of Pepsi is an English teacher
at Highland College.
The most effective way to write the above sentence is:
a. At this point in time I have made a decision about The sentence above should be written:
what my major will be. a. That man holding the can of Pepsi is an English
b. I have now decided what my major will be. teacher at Highland College.
c. At this point in time I have decided what my major b. That man holding the can of pepsi is an english
will be. teacher at Highland college.
d. At the present time I made a decision about what c. That man holding the can of pepsi is an English
my major will be. teacher at Highland College.
d. That man holding the can of Pepsi is an english
34. The speakers at the conference included a fiction writer, a teacher at Highland College.
baseball coach, and a scientist specializing in computers.
41. After coughing nervously, Linda began her speech.
In the sentence above, the most effective way to write
the underlined part is: The correct way to write the above sentence is:
a. a fiction writer, a baseball coach, and a scientist spe- a. After coughing nervously, Linda began her speech.
cializing in computers. b. After coughing nervously Linda began her speech.
b. a fiction writer, a coach of baseball, and a scientist c. After coughing nervously Linda, began her speech.
specializing in computers. d. After coughing nervously Linda began, her speech.
c. a writer of fiction, a baseball coach, and a scientist
specializing in computers.
d. a fiction writer, a baseball coach, and a computer (Continues on next page)
scientist.
7
42. My grandfather a sweet man with a quiet voice was a 47. If you ask me, snapped the counselor, “you’re both
terrific storyteller. wrong.”
The correct way to write the above sentence is: The correct way to write the above sentence is:
a. My grandfather a sweet man with a quiet voice was a. If you ask me, snapped the counselor, “you’re both
a terrific storyteller. wrong.”
b. My grandfather, a sweet man with a quiet voice was b. “If you ask me,” snapped the counselor, “you’re both
c. My grandfather, a sweet man with a quiet voice, was c. “If you ask me, snapped the counselor, you’re both
d. My grandfather a sweet man with a quiet voice, was d. “If you ask me, snapped the counselor, “you’re both
a terrific storyteller. wrong.
43. When I finished mowing the lawn I was thirsty so I 48. Terry exclaimed, I can’t believe it! I passed my chemistry
made a big pitcher of iced tea with lemon. test!
The correct way to write the above sentence is: The correct way to write the above sentence is:
a. When I finished mowing the lawn I was thirsty so I a. Terry exclaimed, I can’t believe it! I passed my chem-
made a big pitcher of iced tea with lemon. istry test!
b. When I finished mowing the lawn, I was thirsty, so I b. “Terry exclaimed, I can’t believe it! I passed my
made a big pitcher of iced tea with lemon. chemistry test!”
c. When I finished mowing the lawn I was thirsty, so I c. Terry exclaimed, “I can’t believe it! I passed my
made a big pitcher of iced tea with lemon. chemistry test!”
d. When I finished mowing the lawn I was thirsty so I d. Terry exclaimed, “I can’t believe it!” “I passed my
made a big pitcher of iced tea, with lemon. chemistry test!”
44. One of Tonys dreams is to become a major-league base- 49. Everyone wondered who the well-dressed man could be;
ball player. he turned out to be the mayor.
In the sentence above, the underlined part should be A correct way to write the above sentence is:
written: a. Everyone wondered who the well-dressed man could
a. Tonys dreams c. Tony’s dream’s be; he turned out to be the mayor.
b. Tony’s dreams d. Tonys’ dreams b. Everyone wondered who the well-dressed man could
be: he turned out to be (the mayor).
45. Because of a storm, I couldn’t make it to my sisters wed- c. Everyone wondered who the well—dressed man
ding. could be; he turned out to be the mayor.
In the sentence above, the underlined parts should be d. Everyone wondered who the well-dressed man could
written: be-he turned out to be the mayor.
a. couldn’t . . . sisters c. couldnt . . . sisters
b. couldn’t . . . sister’s d. couldnt . . . sister’s 50. The thief formerly an acrobat had just one prize in
mind the fabulous diamond necklace.
46. “The waitress explained, We’re out of every kind of pie One correct way to write the above sentence is:
but blueberry.” a. The thief formerly an acrobat had just one prize in
The correct way to write the above sentence is: mind the fabulous diamond necklace.
a. “The waitress explained, We’re out of every kind of b. The thief-formerly an acrobat-had just one prize in
pie but blueberry.” mind; the fabulous diamond necklace.
b. “The waitress explained, “We’re out of every kind of c. The thief (formerly an acrobat) had just one prize in
pie but blueberry.” mind: the fabulous diamond necklace.
c. The waitress explained, We’re out of every kind of d. The thief; formerly an acrobat; had just one prize in
pie but blueberry. mind (the fabulous diamond necklace).
d. The waitress explained, “We’re out of every kind of
pie but blueberry.”
STOP. This is the end of the test. If there is
time remaining, you may go back and recheck
your answers. When the time is up, hand in both
your answer sheet and this test to your teacher.
Copyright © 2004 by Townsend Press. Permission to copy this test is granted to instructors using English Essentials as a class text.
8
ENGLISH ESSENTIALS NAME: ____________________________________________
Achievement Test of SECTION: ___________ DATE: _______________________

Basic Written English SCORE: ___________________________________________
Directions: For each question, write the letter of the answer you think is correct. Write your
answers on the sheet provided.
You have 40 minutes to complete the 50 items on the test.
1. Which of the following sentences should end in a ques- 9. When the teacher caught two students cheating, she
tion mark? maked them stay after school.
a. I would like to use your telephone In the sentence above, the underlined parts should be
b. I need to use your telephone written:
c. May I use your telephone a. caught . . . maked c. catched . . . make
d. I wonder if I can use your telephone b. catched . . . maded d. caught . . . made
2. Which of the following has the correct form for a title 10. At the motel, we used the exercise room and swam in
on the top line of a school paper? the outdoor pool.
a. “Creating a Business Plan”
b. Creating a Business Plan
written:
c. Creating a business plan
a. swam c. swimmed
d. Creating a Business Plan.
b. swum d. swammed
The green stripes in that shirt match your eyes perfectly.
11. Every time the phone rings, the cat jumped.
3. In the sentence above, the subject is
a. stripes. c. eyes.
written:
b. shirt. d. perfectly.
a. jumped c. jumps
4. In the sentence above, the verb is b. jump d. had jumped
a. stripes. c. match.
12. The movie’s title song was compose by Carly Simon.
b. in. d. perfectly.
The mysterious visitor to the president’s office must written:
have entered through a side door. a. compose c. composer
5. In the sentence above, the subject is b. composing d. composed
a. mysterious. c. office.
13. That carton of eggs are outdated.
b. visitor. d. door.
6. In the sentence above, the verb is written:
a. entered. c. have entered. a. are b. is
b. must have entered. d. have.
14. Deep inside the woods was several camping spots.
7. By the time Kayla and Mark get married next year, they In the sentence above, the underlined part should be
had saved enough money to pay for the wedding. written:
In the sentence above, the underlined part should be a. was b. were
written:
a. had saved c. will have saved 15. Neither of those science courses look easy.
b. are saving d. saved In the sentence above, the underlined part should be
written:
8. A fly is buzzed loudly around that light bulb. a. look b. looks
written: 16. When I dropped the book. A ten-dollar bill fell out.
a. buzzed c. buzzing One correct way to write the above is:
b. buzz d. buzzes a. When I dropped the book. A ten-dollar bill fell out.
b. When I dropped the book, a ten-dollar bill. Fell out.
c. When I dropped. The book, a ten-dollar bill fell out.
d. When I dropped the book, a ten-dollar bill fell out.
9
17. The cows broke down a fence. That separated them 22. Please give that slingshot to me.
from a cornfield.
written:
a. The cows broke down a fence. That separated them a. me b. I
from a cornfield.
b. The cows broke down a fence that separated them. 23. Jed’s younger sister is taller than him.
From a cornfield. In the sentence above, the underlined part should be
c. The cows broke down. A fence that separated them written:
from a cornfield. a. him b. he
d. The cows broke down a fence that separated them
from a cornfield. 24. Each of my children has their own special talent.
18. My sister wakes up an hour earlier each day. To have written:
more time for studying.
a. their b. his or her
a. My sister wakes up an hour earlier each day. To have 25. At the end of a hard day, I like to soak in a hot bathtub
more time for studying. and forget all your troubles.
b. My sister wakes up an hour earlier. Each day to have In the sentence above, the underlined part should be
more time for studying. written:
c. My sister wakes up an hour earlier each day. She a. your b. one’s c. my
wants to have more time for studying.

d. My sister wakes up an hour earlier each day. To have 26. Aunt Margaret asked Lily if she could help arrange the
more time. For studying. flowers.
One correct way to write the above sentence is:
19. The supermarket would close in ten minutes, several

a. Aunt Margaret asked Lily if she could help arrange
shoppers were rushing up and down the aisles.
the flowers.
b. Aunt Margaret asked Lily, “Could you help arrange
a. The supermarket would close in ten minutes, several the flowers?”
shoppers were rushing up and down the aisles.
b. The supermarket would close in ten minutes several 27. Nothing is more dangerouser than driving with Sal.
shoppers were rushing up and down the aisles. In the sentence above, the underlined part should be
c. The supermarket would close in ten minutes. Several written:
shoppers were rushing up and down the aisles. a. more dangerouser c. more dangerous
d. The supermarket would close in ten minutes and, sev- b. dangerouser d. most dangerous
eral shoppers were rushing up and down the aisles.
28. I can’t go nowhere tomorrow.
20. The two sisters hadn’t seen each other for months, so
they planned a weekend together.
One correct way to write the above sentence is:
a. I can’t go nowhere tomorrow.
b. I can’t go anywhere tomorrow.
a. The two sisters hadn’t seen each other for months,
so they planned a weekend together. 29. The house on that block with pink shutters belongs to
b. The two sisters hadn’t seen each other for months, an art teacher.

The sentence above should be written:
c. The two sisters hadn’t seen each other for months

a. The house on that block with pink shutters belongs to
an art teacher.
d. The two sisters hadn’t seen each other for months so
b. The house with pink shutters on that block belongs to
an art teacher.
21. Kareem got in late on Friday night he slept till noon on c. The house on that block belongs to an art teacher
Saturday.
with pink shutters.
30. Barking wildly, the dog’s owner held its leash tightly.
a. Kareem got in late on Friday night he slept till noon
on Saturday.
a. Barking wildly, the dog’s owner held its leash tightly.
b. Kareem got in late on Friday night, he slept till
b. Barking wildly, the dog’s leash was tightly held by its
noon on Saturday.
owner.
c. Kareem got in late on Friday night and he slept till
c. As the dog barked wildly, its owner held its leash
noon on Saturday.
tightly.
d. Because Kareem got in late on Friday night, he slept
till noon on Saturday.
10
31. The way you are dragging must mean you were a total 35. Either my brother’s wife or the husband of my sister will
party animal this weekend.
pick me up at the train station today.
In formal writing, the most effective way to write the
above sentence is:
written:
a. The way you are dragging must mean you were a a. my brother’s wife or the husband of my sister
total party animal this weekend. b. the wife of my brother or my sister’s husband
b. The way you are dragging must mean you really c. my brother’s wife or my sister’s husband
enjoyed yourself this weekend.
c. Your tired appearance must mean you were a total 36. It’s true that many people speak better then they write.
party animal this weekend. In the sentence above, the underlined parts should be
d. Your tired appearance must mean you really enjoyed written:
yourself this weekend. a. It’s . . . then c. Its . . . than
b. It’s . . . than d. Its . . . then
32. Since it was raining cats and dogs, and I didn’t want to
arrive at work looking like something the cat dragged in, 37. Although the breaks in the car were knew, they failed
I drove my car instead of riding my bike. and caused an accident.
The most effective way to write the above sentence is: In the sentence above, the underlined parts should be
a. Since it was raining cats and dogs, and I didn’t want written:
to arrive at work looking like something the cat a. breaks . . . knew c. breaks . . . new
dragged in, I drove my car instead of riding my bike. b. brakes . . . knew d. brakes . . . new
b. Since it was raining cats and dogs, and I didn’t want

to arrive at work all wet, I drove my car instead of 38. My sister took a train to savannah, georgia, to visit aunt
riding my bike. Melba.
c. Since it was raining hard, and I didn’t want to arrive The sentence above should be written:
at work all wet, I drove my car instead of riding my a. My sister took a train to savannah, georgia, to visit
bike. aunt Melba.
d. Since it was raining hard, and I didn’t want to arrive b. My Sister took a train to Savannah, Georgia, to visit
at work looking like something the cat dragged in, I Aunt Melba.
drove my car instead of riding my bike. c. My sister took a train to Savannah, Georgia, to visit
aunt Melba.
33. Although Ralph may not seem at first to possess a great d. My sister took a train to Savannah, Georgia, to visit
deal of intelligence, he is in fact one of the more clever Aunt Melba.
young men that one could hope to meet.
The most effective way to write the above sentence is: 39. Our spanish teacher works out at Gold’s Gym.
a. Although Ralph may not seem at first to possess a The correct way to write the above sentence is:
great deal of intelligence, he is in fact one of the a. Our spanish teacher works out at Gold’s Gym.
more clever young men that one could hope to meet. b. Our spanish teacher works out at gold’s gym.
b. Although Ralph may not seem intelligent, he is c. Our Spanish teacher works out at Gold’s Gym.
extremely bright. d. Our Spanish Teacher works out at Gold’s Gym.
c. Although Ralph may not seem to possess a great
deal of intelligence or brains, he is in fact a very 40. Rosa said, “On Sundays, Mom would make us pancakes
bright young man. shaped like our initials.”
d. Although Ralph may not seem to possess a great deal In the sentence above, the underlined part should be
of intelligence or brains, he is in fact extremely written:
bright. a. “On Sundays, Mom c. “on Sundays, mom
b. “on sundays, mom d. “On Sundays, mom
34. I would like fishing if it weren’t for digging worms,

hooks to be baited, and cleaning fish. 41. The panda, a native of China, is a favorite attraction in
In the sentence above, the underlined part should be many zoos.
written: The correct way to write the above sentence is:
a. digging worms, hooks to be baited, and cleaning fish. a. The panda, a native of China, is a favorite attraction
b. digging worms, hooks to be baited, and fish to be in many zoos.
cleaned. b. The panda, a native of China is a favorite attraction
c. worms to dig, hooks to be baited, and cleaning fish. in many zoos.
d. digging worms, baiting hooks, and cleaning fish. c. The panda a native of China, is a favorite attraction
in many zoos.
d. The panda a native of China is a favorite attraction in
many zoos.

11
42. For his next trick, the magician needs a watch a ring 48. I didn’t think I could be hypnotized. However, I quickly
and a volunteer from the audience. went into a trance, Felice explained.
In the sentence above, the underlined part should be The correct way to write the above sentence is:
written: a. I didn’t think I could be hypnotized. However, I

a. a watch a ring and a volunteer from the audience. quickly went into a trance, Felice explained.
b. a watch a ring, and a volunteer from the audience. b. “I didn’t think I could be hypnotized.” “However, I
c. a watch, a ring, and a volunteer from the audience. quickly went into a trance,” Felice explained.
d. a watch, a ring and a volunteer from the audience. c. “I didn’t think I could be hypnotized. However, I
quickly went into a trance,” Felice explained.
43. After it began to snow heavily, classes were canceled and d. “I didn’t think I could be hypnotized. However, I
I made some money shoveling walks.
quickly went into a trance, Felice explained.”
The correct way to write the above sentence is:
a. After it began to snow heavily, classes were canceled 49. Red bananas, Brazilians, and finger bananas (also called
and I made some money shoveling walks. apple bananas)—these are among the more exotic types
b. After it began to snow heavily, classes were canceled, of bananas in the world.
and I made some money shoveling walks. One correct way to write the above sentence is:
c. After it began to snow heavily classes were canceled a. Red bananas, Brazilians, and finger bananas (also
and I made some money shoveling walks. called apple bananas)—these are among the more
d. After it began to snow heavily classes were canceled, exotic types of bananas in the world.
and I made some money shoveling walks. b. Red bananas, Brazilians, and finger bananas also
called apple bananas-these are among the more exot-
44. These boot’s look great, but they arent comfortable. ic types of bananas in the world.
In the sentence above, the underlined parts should be c. Red bananas, Brazilians, and finger bananas (also
written: called apple bananas) these are among the more
a. boot’s . . . arent c. boots . . . arent exotic types of bananas in the world.
b. boots . . . aren’t d. boot’s . . . aren’t d. Red bananas, Brazilians, and finger bananas (also
called apple bananas—these are among the more
45. A horn players most valued possession is his lips. exotic types of bananas in the world).
In the sentence above, the underlined parts should be
written: 50. Jeremy’s coffee table was a glass topped tire: his book-
a. players . . . lips c. players . . . lip’s case was a painted wooden box.
b. player’s . . . lips d. player’s . . . lip’s One correct way to write the above sentence is:
a. Jeremy’s coffee table was a glass topped tire: his book-

46. “The candidate ended his long speech by asking, Can I case was a painted wooden box.
count on your vote?”
b. Jeremy’s coffee table was a glass-topped tire: his book-
case was a painted wooden box.
a. “The candidate ended his long speech by asking, c. Jeremy’s coffee table was a glass-topped tire; his book-
Can I count on your vote?” case was a painted wooden box.
b. The candidate ended his long speech by asking, d. Jeremy’s coffee table was a glass—topped tire; his
“Can I count on your vote”? bookcase was a painted wooden box.
c. The candidate ended his long speech by asking, Can
I count on your vote?”
d. The candidate ended his long speech by asking,
“Can I count on your vote?”
47. My greatest challenge, Rick said, is balancing my per-

sonal life and my career.
a. My greatest challenge, Rick said, is balancing my

personal life and my career. STOP. This is the end of the test. If there is time
b. “My greatest challenge,” Rick said, “is balancing my remaining, you may go back and recheck your
personal life and my career.” answers. When the time is up, hand in both your
c. “My greatest challenge, Rick said, is balancing my answer sheet and this test to your instructor.
personal life and my career.”
d. “My greatest challenge”, Rick said, “is balancing my
personal life and my career.”
12
ENGLISH ESSENTIALS NAME: ______________________________________________
Diagnostic/Achievement Test of SECTION: ___________ DATE: _________________________
Basic Written English SCORE: _____________________________________________
ANSWER SHEET
1. _____ 18. _____ 35. _____
2. _____ 19. _____ 36. _____
3. _____ 20. _____ 37. _____
4. _____ 21. _____ 38. _____
5. _____ 22. _____ 39. _____

6. _____ 23. _____ 40. _____
7. _____ 24. _____ 41. _____
8. _____ 25. _____ 42. _____
9. _____ 26. _____ 43. _____
10. _____ 27. _____ 44. _____
11. _____ 28. _____ 45. _____
12. _____ 29. _____ 46. _____
13. _____ 30. _____ 47. _____
14. _____ 31. _____ 48. _____
15. _____ 32. _____ 49. _____
16. _____ 33. _____ 50. _____
17. _____ 34. _____
13
ENGLISH ESSENTIALS
Diagnostic/Achievement Test of
Basic Written English
ANSWER KEY
1. c 18. c 35. c
2. b 19. c 36. b
3. a 20. a 37. d
4. c 21. d 38. d
5. b 22. a 39. c
6. b 23. b 40. a
7. c 24. b 41. a
8. c 25. c 42. c
9. d 26. b 43. b
10. a 27. c 44. b
11. c 28. b 45. b
12. d 29. b 46. d
13. b 30. c 47. b
14. b 31. d 48. c
15. b 32. c 49. a
16. d 33. b 50. c
17. d 34. d
To the Instructor: Use these guidelines to refer your students to the appropriate chapter in English Essentials.
Error in test item: 1 2 3–6 7–8 9–10 11–12 13–15 16–18 19–21 22–23 24–26
Chapter(s) to review: 16 15 1 25 2 26 3 5, 6 7, 8 17 18
Error in test item: 27–28 29–30 31–33 34–35 36–37 38–40 41–43 44–45 46–48 49–50
Chapter to review: 19 20 21 14 12, 31 13 9 10 11 16
14
ANSWER KEY
Note to the Student: To strengthen your grammar, punctuation, and usage skills, you must do
more than simply find out which of your answers are right and which are wrong. You also
need to figure out (with the help of your textbook, the teacher, or other students) why you
missed the items you did. By using each of your wrong answers as a learning opportunity, you
will strengthen your understanding of the skills.
ANSWERS TO THE “CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING” ACTIVITIES IN PART ONE
1 Subjects and Verbs 5 Fragments I

Page 28 Page 68
1. Subject: Daisy Verb: baby-sits 1. Before she goes to bed at night, Donna gets ready for the
2. Subject: childhood Verb: is next day, which will begin very early.
3. Subject: She Verb: was 2. She will get up before sunrise, even if she stays up late
4. Subject: They Verb: live studying.
5. Subject: Daisy Verb: appears 3. She does the cleaning jobs early in the morning before
6. Subject: Daisy Verb: taught the employees arrive at the office.
7. Subject: two Verb: visit 4. In the evening, she makes sure she has all her supplies
8. Subject: grandchildren Verb: enjoy together because she doesn’t want to forget anything.
9. Subject: They Verb: have 5. Donna can’t do everything she needs to do unless she
10. Subject: grandmother Verb: feels is well organized.
2 Irregular Verbs 6 Fragments II

Page 38 Page 78
1. knowed knew 1. She has to learn some very challenging material, such as
2. telled told the names of dozens of drugs and medical disorders.
3. gived gave 2. Sometimes Charlene is amazed to find herself in school
4. growed grew at all, considering how much she disliked school as a
5. beginned begun child.
3. She had trouble reading and spelling and was in special
ed until seventh grade.
3 Subject-Verb Agreement
4. She has never forgotten how cruel other students could
Page 48 be. They called her names and made fun of her.
1. The students in Teron’s class are 5. But she worked hard on her reading skills and was able
2. These boys and girls attend to get back into regular classes.
3. But Teron and their other teachers read
4. The boy on Teron’s right loves 7 Run-Ons and Comma Splices I
5. Beetles and mosquitoes don’t Page 88
1. The family tries to rush out the door, but the photo-
4 Sentence Types
grapher begs them to wait.
Page 58 2. They won’t be together again until late tonight, and he
1. V is excited about going to college, and he is thinking wants to get a family photo.
carefully about where to apply. 3. “Give your brother a hug!” he teases Jasmine, so she
2. Before he enrolled at CHAD, V attended another throws her arms around Korak.
high school.
3. He did not work hard, but he still made all A’s.
8 Run-Ons and Comma Splices II
4. Because he felt bored and unhappy, his adviser
Page 98
encouraged him to find another school.
5. V is interested in graphic design, so CHAD is a good 1. Although Fern has always loved to read, she doesn’t
school for him. choose books that are “heavy” or “educational.”
2. When Fern was about ten, she read a book that influenced
her outlook on life.
3. After Fern finished the book, she decided to try to be like
Pollyanna.
15
9 The Comma 12 Homonyms
Page 108 Page 138
1
When she grew up , Julia became a police officer. 2She 1. there own their
would often meet children without books in their homes , so 2. It’s gas Its
she decided to ask people in the community to donate 3. their about they’re
children’s books. 3She began handing the books out to kids in 4. there way their
5. too a corner to
their homes , in the parks , at the police station , and anywhere
else she met them. 4Other police officers were inspired by what
Julia was doing and joined her in the effort to get books into 13 Capital Letters
the hands of kids.
Page 148
1. Furness
10 The Apostrophe 2. Because
Page 118 3. Willow
1. not 4. February
2. is 5. Dartmouth
3. girl
4. is
5. her mom 14 Parallelism
Page 158
1. the typing of letters typing letters
11 Quotation Marks 2. she is their friend friendship
Page 128 3. on the right is Kimberly Kimberly on the right
1
Here is Dr. Kratz in the cafeteria with some students. 2Dr.
Kratz has a lot of respect for his students. 3According to him,
many of them are dealing with difficult obstacles.
“4Many of our students are the first in their families to go
to college,” he says. “5That can make it tough. 6When I got
back my first college English paper, it was so covered with red
marks it looked like a Christmas tree. 7My parents told me not
to worry, that the same thing had happened to them. 8If I hadn’t
had anybody at home to tell me that, I might have panicked
and given up.”
9
Dr. Kratz also explains that community college students
face other challenges, too. 10He says, “The average age of our
students is 28. 11For many of them, school is about the fourth
priority. 12I hear them talking about job problems, transporta-
tion problems, and family problems.”
13
Dr. Kratz then continues, “Women students have their
own special issues. 14Too often, there’s no support at home. 15If
nobody is offering extra help with the kids or the housework, I
can understand how they end up feeling they can’t handle it
all.”
16
Finally, Dr. Kratz cites the special problems of minority
students: “Some people criticize them for working hard in
school. 17They accuse them of thinking they’re better than their
friends.”
18
For all these reasons, Dr. Kratz is very proud of his
students for being in college and doing their best there.
16
ANSWERS TO THE PRACTICES AND TESTS: PART ONE
1 Subjects and Verbs PRACTICE 3, page 31

1. Subject: Daisy Verb: is surrounded
PRACTICE 1, page 29 by people
1. Subject: Daisy Verb: is looking 2. Subject: All Verb: care
through her “brag book” of them about her
2. Subject: She Verb: keeps 3. Subject: Don Verb: has encouraged
in it over the years
3. Subject: letter Verb: is 4. Subject: Daisy Verb: calls
in the book by the name of “Dad”
4. Subject: She Verb: had entered 5. Subject: I Verb: was
for college students without a loving dad of my own
5. Subject: entry Verb: was 6. Subject: I Verb: adopted
about her life as my father
6. Subject: letter Verb: awarded 7. Subject: Bradley Verb: has
from the contest officials of Daisy’s story
7. Subject: eagle Verb: has 8. Subject: He Verb: loves
on the front of her brag book with his Grandma
8. Subject: It Verb: tells 9. Subject: Daisy Verb: had
over any obstacle to her success As a child
9. Subject: Daisy Verb: used 10. Subject: she Verb: is creating
for a computer through her own efforts
10. Subject: she Verb:writes
On the computer TEST 1, page 32
11. Subject: life Verb: has changed 1. Subject: family Verb: waddled
during the last few years of ducks toward the pond
12. Subject: She Verb: learned 2. Subject: Ramona Verb: loves
as an adult with her friends
13. Subject: She Verb: earned 3. Subject: visitors Verb: have complained
at age 44 about the new regulations
14. Subject: She Verb: has told 4. Subject: pot Verb: simmered
on radio and TV of vegetable soup on the stove
15. Subject: Daisy Verb: has taken 5. Subject: camera Verb: takes
of her own life in all kinds of locations
6. Subject: we Verb: went
PRACTICE 2, page 30 After the party to a diner for coffee
1. Subject: Dogs Verb: wait 7. Subject: concert Verb: was canceled
at the animal shelter for a good home with only one day’s notice
2. Subject: fish Verb: defrosted 8. Subject: coffee Verb: left
on the counter from the leaking pot on the white carpet
3. Subject: screen Verb: went 9. Subject: shepherd Verb: waited
without warning outside the drugstore
4. Subject: kitchen Verb: smells 10. Subject: child Verb: stared
in my parents’ house like vanilla and cinnamon at the man in the Santa Claus suit
5. Subject: truck Verb: stalled
on the bridge
6. Subject: orange Verb: has
in the refrigerator
7. Subject: Everyone Verb: cried
at one point during the movie
8. Subject: puppies Verb: huddled
in the small cage
9. Subject: boys Verb: were playing
from the neighborhood in the alley
10. Subject: we Verb: had sold
By the end of the day
17
TEST 2, page 33 2 Irregular Verbs
1. Subject: candles Verb: smell
on the table like vanilla PRACTICE 1, page 39
2. Subject: people Verb: speak 1. taked took 6. keeped kept

in my family 2. spended spent 7. eated ate
3. Subject: clothes Verb: fluttered 3. choosed chosen 8. taked took
on the line in the breeze 4. bringed brought 9. seen saw
4. Subject: Hugh Verb: raced 5. forgotted forgot 10. comed came
Without a word, out of the house into the front yard
5. Subject: Teams Verb: yelled PRACTICE 2, page 40
of cheerleaders on opposite sides of the gym
1. broke 6. done
6. Subject: boyfriend Verb: is
2. spent 7. brought
with cars
3. caught 8. chose
7. Subject: I Verb: work
4. gone 9. drove
at the computer lab between classes
5. wrote 10. ate
8. Subject: mounds Verb: surround
of dirt
PRACTICE 3, page 41
9. Subject: tiles Verb: look
on the bathroom floor in the dim light 1. readed read 6. growed grew
10. Subject: Movies Verb: seem 2. writed wrote 7. catched caught
about dinosaurs with audiences 3. becomed became 8. knowed knew
4. finded found 9. taked took

TEST 3, page 34 5. camed came 10. getted got
1. Subject: adults Verb: read TEST 1, page 42
In present day America with all its wealth and resources
1. a. seen saw b. catched caught

2. Subject: Many Verb: are
2. a. gave given b. done did
in fact at all
3. a. be is b. gone went
3. Subject: Some Verb: had
4. a. shook shaken b. done did
like Daisy Russell during childhood
5. a. writed wrote b. forgotted forgotten
4. Subject: people Verb: struggle
In other cases, with learning disabilities TEST 2, page 43
5. Subject: Adults Verb: feel
1. a. gived gave b. gave given
without the ability about their situation
2. a. drinked drank b. drank drunk
6. Subject: they Verb: may feel
3. a. taked took b. knowed knew
In addition about their lack of this skill
4. a. becomed became b. growed grown
7. Subject: It Verb: took
5. a. saw seen b. be is [OR was]
of years for Daisy Russell for help
8. Subject: she Verb: began TEST 3, page 44
with a tutor 1. beginned began 6. taked took
9. Subject: She Verb: learned 2. feeled felt 7. getted got
about “sounding out” words 3. knowed knew 8. keeped kept
10. Subject: she Verb: is 4. did done 9. seed saw
with other nonreaders 5. finded found 10. lefted left
TEST 4, page 35 TEST 4, page 45

1. a 6. c 1. d gone 6. d forgot
2. a 7. c 2. c written 7. b took
3. c 8. b 3. b drove 8. c brought
4. a 9. b 4. b known 9. c told
5. c 10. b 5. c caught 10. a seen
TEST 5, page 46
TEST 5, page 36
1. c became 6. b forgotten
1. c 6. b 2. d grown 7. c eaten
2. c 7. a 3. a spent 8. a left
3. a 8. c 4. d found 9. d chosen
4. b 9. a 5. b done 10. b hid
5. c 10. b
18
3 Subject-Verb Agreement TEST 4, page 55
1. a get 6. b chimes
PRACTICE 1, page 49 2. a eat 7. a weigh
1. Reading and writing are 3. b are 8. a make
2. games on the playground are 4. a cover 9. a line
3. The little kids in Teron’s class love 5. a produce 10. b attracts
4. The exercise and fresh air benefit
5. The smiles on the kids’ faces make TEST 5, page 56
6. Drugs and crime were 1. b recall 6. a watch
7. The teachers in his own life were 2. a eat 7. a tempt
8. Adult support and encouragement make 3. a weigh 8. b tell
9. Boys and girls learn 4. b is 9. a enjoy
10. the kids in his class do 5. b look 10. a irritate
PRACTICE 2, page 50
1. taste 6. surround 4 Sentence Types
2. wear 7. are
3. have 8. sleep
PRACTICE 1, page 59
4. speak 8. live
5. see 10. do 1. Because V has never seen Cambodia, he relies on his
parents to tell him about it.
PRACTICE 3, page 51 2. V’s mother shares memories with her children, and she
also shows them sites such as the Cambodian temple in
1. Parents and educators sometimes talk
the picture.
2. an adult and a child are
3. “My parents want me to understand my background, so
3. Teron and a little girl share
they try all kinds of stuff.”
4. The number of letters in her name become
4. “They put me in a group to learn Cambodian folk dance,
5. The color of the chalk marks is
but I was really bad at that.”
6. The students in Teron’s class have
5. If V has children of his own some day, he will want them
7. the seats on the bus are
to learn about the Cambodian culture.
8. A long day of little kids wears
6. When V’s father returned to Cambodia, V enrolled in
9. the rewards of being a teacher satisfy
elementary school.
10. teaching small children is
7. Because Cambodia is a poor and troubled country, it
needs educated people like Mr. Ros.
TEST 1, page 52 8. Mr. Ros sees his family only about once a year, and they
1. belong 6. plays miss him very much.
2. are 7. echoes 9. After his father left the United States, V lost interest in
3. draw 8. seem school for a while.
4. look 9. are 10. V realized he was endangering his own future, so he
5. bake 10. attracts made himself start working again.
TEST 2, page 53 PRACTICE 2, page 60

1. have 6. forget Some answers may vary.
2. are 7. are
1. Kwan is quite attractive, but she sees herself as ugly.
3. appear 8. greet
2. Jared is good at math, and he writes well, too.
4. wails 9. show
3. I lost my watch, so I don’t know what time it is.
5. belong 10. do
4. The book is four hundred pages long, and the print is
very small.
TEST 3, page 54 5. The night air was chilly, so I put on a sweater.
1. are is 6. considers consider 6. Because strawberries are expensive, I don’t often buy them.
2. remain remains 7. is are 7. Although an elephant’s skin is very thick, it is also very
3. are is 8. grows grow sensitive.
4. makes make 9. learns learn 8. The city pools have been crowded since the weather
5. is are 10. wins win turned hot.
9. I quickly called the police when I heard a scream outside.
10. Although Jessica seems unfriendly, she is really just shy.
19
PRACTICE 3, page 61 8. When the bus came into sight, Connie shouted “Goodbye!”
Some answers may vary. and rushed out the door.
1. V’s father cannot be with his family much, but they are 9. Since mental illness is so little understood, it has always
proud of him. frightened people.
2. When he was living in the United States, he wrote two 10. Although I’m allergic to most animals, Siamese cats
books for children, including Brother Rabbit. don’t bother me.
3. Although Brother Rabbit is just a little bunny, he outwits

TEST 3, page 64
a dangerous crocodile.
4. In a second book, The Two Brothers, one brother Some answers may vary.
becomes rich, and the other becomes king of Cambodia. 1. After it had rained for three days, the sun finally came out.
5. Because V was born into one culture but raised in
We wanted to have a picnic, but the ground was too wet.
another, he has a foot in two worlds.
2. Roy saw a bright rainbow, so he ran to get his camera.
6. Although he lives surrounded by souvenirs of Cambodia, When he rushed back to take a picture, the rainbow had
he wears a sweatshirt from a college in New Hampshire. gone.
7. He is involved in Cambodian youth organizations, but he 3. Because a long-winded neighbor was at my door, I
is friends with “all kinds of people.” pretended not to be home.
8. He doesn’t pay attention to people’s color, and his Asian, She rang the bell several times, and she knocked on the
black, white, and Hispanic friends are proof of this. door repeatedly.
9. If V gets a chance to travel to Cambodia some day, he 4. Although Nadine hates her job, she won’t leave it.
would like to be of help there. She likes the pension plan, so she will stay until retirement.
10. Since he was a little boy, V has seen himself as a citizen 5. When I had to meet my girlfriend’s mother, I was very
of the world. nervous.
I was afraid of her opinion of me, but she was very warm
TEST 1, page 62 and friendly.
Some answers may vary.
1. The coffee is cold, and it is also too strong.
TEST 4, page 65
2. Our car runs well, but its body is dented and rusty.
1. c 6. b
3. The book was very expensive, so I didn’t buy it.
2. c 7. b
4. Gene laughed throughout the movie, but his date didn’t
3. c 8. a
laugh once.
4. a 9. a
5. The electricity was out, and we had no candles.
5. a 10. c
6. The ball game was postponed because it began to rain
heavily.
7. When Sam practices his saxophone, the dog howls.
TEST 5, page 66
8. Although the house looks beautiful, it seems cold and
1. c 6. c
unfriendly to me.
2. c 7. a
9. Since she doesn’t drive, Mia must walk or take the bus to
3. b 8. c
work.
4. b 9. b
10. When the beautiful fireworks exploded, the audience
5. a 10. a
gasped and applauded.
TEST 2, page 63
Some answers may vary.
1. Eddie was tired of his appearance, so he shaved all the
hair off his head.
2. Eddie bought new clothing in bright colors, and he added
an earring as well.
3. Twenty students were enrolled in the class, but only eight
were present that stormy day.
4. Thirty percent of M&M’s are brown, and twenty percent
of them are red.
5. The stain did not wash out of my white pants, so I dyed
the pants tan.
6. Because I need to improve my grades, I will start taking
more notes in class.
7. Although there used to be many small stores downtown,
they are gone now.
20
5 Fragments I 6. Even when her days are busy, Donna finds time to play
with John Paul.
PRACTICE 1, page 69 7. In the yard is an aboveground pool that has a little “beach.”
8. Until John Paul and his friends are a little older, Tom will
1. After Donna returns from her cleaning jobs, it’s time to
rebuild the beach every summer.
study.
9. After their son is bigger in a few years, Tom and Donna
2. Fortunately, it’s a beautiful day, which makes it nice to
will probably replace the beach with a deck.
read on the porch.
10. But right now they have the only beach on the street,
3. When her son and husband get home, the family will
which John Paul certainly enjoys.
have dinner together.

4. Donna will then study some more until it is time to go to
bed.
TEST 1, page 72
5. Although it’s hard to work and go to school at the same
time, many people do it. 1. Because we have smoke detectors, we survived the fire.
6. They get up early and stay up late until they’ve finished 2. The kitchen looked like new after we painted it.
all their work. 3. My sister is always out of money although she has a good
7. It’s amazing what people can accomplish when they are job.
determined. 4. Before the game even started, I could tell team morale
8. After she gets home, Donna has to do some more clean- was low.
ing up. 5. I wouldn’t date him again if he begged me on his knees.
9. Her son John Paul and his friends have left toys on the 6. Our car is making a chugging noise that sounds ominous.
floor even though they said the room was fine. 7. Young elephants stay with their mothers until they are
10. Children often see a room as neat and clean when it still about sixteen years old.
looks messy to an adult. 8. After this rain stops, the children can play outside.
9. A crowd showed up to meet the author who had written a
best-selling novel at the age of nineteen.
PRACTICE 2, page 70 10. Until the tornado warning ended, everyone stayed in the
1. Because the movie was so violent, some people left the basement.
theater.
2. Everything was peaceful before Martha stormed into the TEST 2, page 73
room. 1. Although the sign said “No Parking,” a rude driver parked
3. Unless the refrigerator is fixed soon, all the food will there.
spoil. 2. I’ll never be ready for the test tomorrow, even if I study
4. The batter argued with the umpire while the crowd booed. all night.
5. When two guests began to argue, the hostess moved the 3. Because pearls are quite soft, they are easily scratched.
party outside. 4. I wasn’t able to sleep until I found out how the book
6. After he bought some donuts, Virgil hurried to school. ended.
7. We jumped up from the sofa when we heard the crash in 5. People at the movie house screamed when the monster
the kitchen. appeared.
8. Although the car was totaled, the passengers were
6. After running a block to catch his bus, Mack missed it by
unharmed.
seconds.
9. Classes ended early today because of a leak in the water 7. We all have a few pet peeves which especially irritate us.
main. 8. You won’t enjoy dinner unless you like burned chicken
10. Our neighbor is a quiet man who works as a nurse on a
and soggy beans.
night shift.
9. If the weather is bad tomorrow, we’ll have to reschedule
the reunion.
PRACTICE 3, page 71 10. When the huge dog rushed up to him, Troy almost
1. When Donna’s son John Paul was born, a friend gave the stopped breathing.
family a book.
2. It was The Read-Aloud Handbook, which was written by
Jim Trelease. TEST 3, page 74
3. The book explains why reading aloud to a child is so 1. Although most college students are in their teens or
important even if the child is very young. twenties, many are a good deal older.
4. Because Donna and her husband Tom took the book’s 2. When they were younger, they may have been too busy
message seriously, they began to read out loud to John raising children to attend college.
Paul every day. 3. Going to school as a “nontraditional” student has its own
5. If Tom and Donna could give other parents one important difficulties, which often include a job and family duties.
message, it would be, “Read to your kids.”
21
4. But older adults generally do very well in school because 6 Fragments II
they have strong goals.
5. Even if it means making personal sacrifices, they are PRACTICE 1, page 79
willing to do whatever it takes to get an education.
Methods of correction may vary.

6. Since the Internet was invented, a real social revolution
has taken place. 1. Charlene has a number of reasons for enrolling in her
7. Going shopping in stores is a thing of the past for some job-training program, especially her four children,
people, who now order clothing, books, and supplies online. Kimmie, Nicole, Josh, and Sarah.
8. Because e-mail is so fast and easy, some people don’t use 2. In the past, Charlene worked as an aide in a nursing
the telephone anymore. home, handing out medications and feeding and helping
9. Through online chat rooms, people form close relation- residents.
ships with each other, even though they’ve never met. 3. But driving to work one morning, Woodie was in a
10. Before the “computer revolution” took place, none of terrible automobile accident.
these things would have been possible. 4. Having to be a single parent, Charlene has more
responsibilities than ever.

5. She realized she needed a better job to provide for her
TEST 4, page 75 children.
1. c 6. Remembering her own hard time in school, Charlene is
2. a determined that her children will have a better experience.
3. b 7. She stays in touch with their teachers to learn about little
4. a problems before they become big ones.
5. a 8. She knows that teachers have their hands full with many
students and wants to make sure her kids get the attention
they need.
TEST 5, page 76 9. There are lots of fun times, too, such as reading about
1. a dinosaurs with Josh.
2. b 10. Charlene likes to see her children spend time with books,
3. a learning to enjoy reading for its own sake.
4. c
5. c
PRACTICE 2, page 80
1. Jan is talking out loud in her bedroom. She is practicing a
speech for her English class.
2. Puffing on a bad-smelling cigar, Mr. Bloom said, “You
ought to take better care of your health.”
3. I hung a sweater in the bathroom as the shower ran to
steam out the wrinkles.
4. Ticking loudly, the clock reminded me how little time I
had to get ready.
5. We get forty-two channels on our TV but don’t have
anything we want to watch.
6. Hank runs four miles every day after school to get ready
for track season.
7. Staring at me with an icy look on her face, the clerk
refused to answer my question.
8. I eat only healthy snacks such as ice cream made with
natural ingredients.
9. Crowds of fans hung around the theater all day. They
were hoping to see the famous actor.
10. Some nursery rhymes have unpleasant stories.
One example is “Three Blind Mice.”
22
PRACTICE 3, page 81 7. Then he scurried back quickly.
Methods of correction may vary. 8. He hoped to borrow her car that night.
1. A single mom in school has a lot of challenges, especially 9. I look terrible in certain colors, such as baby blue and
finding time for studying. pale yellow.
2. They want her to fix them a snack or listen to their stories. 10. For example, we rent a video instead of going to the
3. Then there are other chores to do, such as giving the

movie theater.
younger children their baths.
4. Once the children are settled for the night, it’s time for TEST 3, page 84
Charlene to sit down to do her own schoolwork. Methods of correction may vary.
5. However, she knows that by going to school and working 1. When they are regularly held and cuddled, they grow and
hard, she sets a good example for her kids and that thrive, sensing that they are loved.
Woodie would be proud of her. 2. For instance, they say that hugs and kisses are “icky.”
6. These include Nicole and Sarah. 3. Parents must be sensitive to a child’s growing need for
7. The two girls are six and five years old and are both in independence but ready to give physical affection as
kindergarten. needed.
8. They like to play with all kinds of toys such as the sticker 4. They feel a need for affection, but are embarrassed by it
books they are holding. as well.
9. They want to imitate their mom. 5. Some teens even turn to drugs or alcohol to fill that need.
10. It’s a big responsibility for parents to realize how much
influence they have over their children. TEST 4, page 85
1. a
TEST 1, page 82 2. b
Methods of correction may vary. 3. c
1. Glancing at his watch frequently, the man seemed anxious 4. a
to leave. 5. c
2. There are many healthful desserts, including sherbet and TEST 5, page 86
fruit salad.
1. b
3. However, she always apologizes afterward.
2. c
4. To keep his bike from being stolen, Gilbert bought a
3. a
padlock.
4. a
5. The small town is a beautiful place to visit, especially in
5. b
the spring.
6. As a result, he had to call a locksmith.
7. Certain dogs are well suited to be guide dogs, including
German shepherds and golden retrievers.
8. To get to school on time, I keep the clock in my room set
ten minutes ahead.
9. Relaxing on the beach, Anna said, “I want to be a life-
guard.”
10. Many towns in the United States have amusing names,
such as Boring, Oregon; Peculiar, Missouri; and Okay,
Oklahoma.
TEST 2, page 83
1. Walking is excellent exercise, especially when you walk
at a brisk pace.
2. Then she gently said, “I can’t marry you.”
3. To get her brother’s attention, Lydia stood up on the
stands and waved.
4. Sweating from the workout, Kyle grabbed his water bottle

and drank deeply.
5. They nurse their babies up to eight years.
6. Hamburgers come with your choice of cheese, including
Swiss, cheddar, American, provolone, or mozzarella.
23
7 Run-Ons and Comma Splices I 7. Here she is with one of her professors. The professor's
name is Dr. Olliff.
PRACTICE 1, page 89 8. Dr. Olliff teaches a special kind of class. She shows
students how to teach children to read.

9. She and Maria are looking at a very large book. Books
1. The family is a happy one, but they have a big problem. like these are used in elementary classrooms.
2. Maria has a serious liver disease, and she has to take a lot 10. This class will help prepare Maria for teaching, and she is
of medicine. looking forward to her first classroom of students.
3. Her liver cannot heal itself. She needs a liver transplant.
4. Thousands of people are waiting for organ transplants. TEST 1, page 92
Maria is just one of them.
5. Some of them need livers, and some of them need hearts
or lungs. 1. The sun was going down, and the air was growing chilly.
6. Many healthy people have signed up to be organ donors 2. Rick is not a good babysitter. He treats his little brother
when they die, but many more are needed. like an insect.
7. It’s simple to become an organ donor. You just fill out a 3. My throat is very sore, but a gallon of ice cream will
form on your driver’s license. relieve it.
8. Antonietta could not be in the family picture. She wasn’t 4. The plumber repaired the water heater, so the family can
awake yet. shower again.
9. She worked late last night, and she will leave for school 5. Saturday is the worst day of the week to shop. People fill
in a few minutes. up many of the stores.
10. She needs to give her parrot some attention first. He gets 6. The phone rang, and someone knocked on the door at the
angry if she ignores him. same time.
7. The movie was boring at first, but it suddenly became
PRACTICE 2, page 90 interesting.
Methods of correction may vary. 8. A burglar alarm went off, and three men raced away from
the store.
1. Some people are morning people, but I’m not one of them.
9. The bear looked at me hungrily, so I decided not to
2. I was out of jelly and butter, so I spread yogurt on my toast.

photograph him.
3. The dog walks on three legs, and its ear is chewed up.
10. We decided to leave the restaurant. We were tired of
4. The sun was shining brightly, so I didn’t bring a jacket.

waiting in line.
5. Someone unplugged the freezer, and all the ice cream has
melted.
TEST 2, page 93
6. I backed away from the growling dog, but I also looked
for its owner. Methods of correction may vary.
7. Rain fell steadily outside, so it was a good day to stay 1. Omar started writing the paper at 9 p.m. He finished it at
indoors. 4 a.m.
8. My brother runs like the wind at track meets, but he
2. This coffee is several hours old, so it probably tastes like
moves like a turtle at home.
mud.
9. Fast-food restaurants are changing. They now offer
3. I called Kendra three times last night, but she never
healthier food choices.

answered.
10. The button fell off the waist of my pants. I fastened them 4. We lost our electricity last night, and all the food in our
with a safety pin. freezer thawed.
5. Mia looked tired and miserable, so I asked her what was
PRACTICE 3, page 91 wrong.
Methods of correction may vary. 6. Thousands of actors go to Hollywood, but few ever
become stars.
1. When Maria was a little girl, she was a migrant worker.

7. Coupons help shoppers save money. They also help stores
Her family traveled all the time.
sell products.
2. She was never in the same school for very long, and
8. The fortuneteller offered to read my palm, but I said,

sometimes she didn’t go to school at all.
“No, thanks.”
3. In classes she didn’t understand what was going on, but
9. I never eat the hamburgers in the cafeteria. They taste like
she was too shy to ask for help.
rubber tires.
4. Maria fell far behind in her studies, so she had to work
10. There was an accident on the bridge today, and traffic
hard as an adult to catch up.

was stopped for an hour.
5. Now Maria is a wife and a mother, and she is also a
college student.
6. She wants to be an elementary teacher, so she will be

able to help migrant children learn.
24
TEST 3, page 94 8 Run-Ons and Comma Splices II
1. States, and their PRACTICE 1, page 99
2. home, so they Methods of correction may vary.
3. often, and they 1. Before she goes to bed tonight, she will write a letter or
4. ways. One two to family members.
5. activities. This 2. She prefers writing letters herself because she thinks
6. don’t, but you letters are somehow more personal.
7. Spanish, and you 3. When she was a child, her house had no electricity.
8. Spanish. They 4. If family members wanted a bath, they had to heat water
9. together. From on the kitchen stove.
10. English. A 5. She often walks over to the Senior Center since people
gather there to eat lunch and play Bingo.
TEST 4, page 95
1. c 6. b PRACTICE 2, page 100
2. a 7. a Corrections may vary slightly.
3. c 8. b
1. Although these boots are supposed to be waterproof, my
4. a 9. b
feet are soaked.
5. c 10. c
2. The driver jumped out quickly when the car burst into
TEST 5, page 96 flames.
1. a 6. c 3. When we waded into the lake, tadpoles swirled around
2. c 7. a our ankles.
3. b 8. a 4. If you need to make a call, you can borrow my cell
4. b 9. c phone.
5. c 10. c 5. Ricardo was late to school since he had briefly lost his
contact lens.
6. While it was still raining, a beautiful rainbow appeared in
the west.
7. Until the wet paint on the woodwork dries, you should
not touch it.
8. The players looked depressed after the team lost the
game.
9. As the sky darkened, bats began to appear in the air.

10. Because that pain killer has serious side effects, you
should take it only when needed.
PRACTICE 3, page 101

1. Although her husband died many years ago, she thinks
about him every day.
2. When the photograph over Fern’s bed was taken, he was
only one year old.
3. If you look very closely, you might see the tiny gold ring
on his finger.
4. After he died, she put it in a glass case to keep it safe.
5. Because Fern wants to pass on her love of family
memories, she has made a photo album for each of her
grandchildren.
25
TEST 1, page 102 TEST 4, page 105
Corrections in items 4–10 may vary. 1. b 6. b
1. Because nuts are high in protein, they are a healthier
2. a 7. c
snack than chips.
3. c 8. a
2. Many people are afraid of spiders although most spiders 4. a 9. a
are quite harmless. 5. b 10. c
3. If it starts to rain, bring in the clothes hanging on the line.
4. When the dishes were done, we relaxed by watching
TEST 5, page 106
some TV.
1. a 6. b
5. After Elaine laid down the sleeping baby, she tiptoed out 2. b 7. a
of the room. 3. c 8. c
6. If you will be late to the party, let the host know ahead of 4. c 9. c
time. 5. b 10. b
7. I haven’t spent much time outdoors because it has been
very cold.
8. After Geneva apologized for yelling at Evan, she felt better.

9. If you win the contest, what will you do with the prize
9 The Comma
money?
10. I could not open the childproof bottle although I was

following the directions carefully.
1
The idea for the “Cops ’n Kids Reading Program” began
to take off. 2After a business owner heard about the program,
TEST 2, page 103 he donated an old building. 3The building needed a good deal
Corrections may vary slightly. of work, so many volunteers pitched in to help clean and repair
1. Nobody answered the phone because the whole family
it. 4They wanted to help Julia turn it into a reading center
had gone to bed early.
where kids could come in to read, relax, and learn.
2. After Debbi took a self-defense course, she felt more
strong and confident.

1
As the work got underway, the producers of the Oprah
3. Before you start answering a multiple-choice question,
Winfrey program heard about the project. 2Oprah invited Julia
read every one of the possible answers.
to appear on her TV show. 3While Julia was in Chicago, the
4. Because my brother was tired of worrying how his hair
Oprah people sprang into action. 4They installed beautiful
looked, he shaved his head.
carpets, furniture, a crafts center, a computer lab, and a piano.
5. Although garlic may smell bad, it tastes delicious. 5
Artists even painted a giant mural on the wall. 6Julia then
6. After I finished watching the sad movie, my eyes were
appeared on the show, and Oprah surprised her with pictures
red for hours.
of what they had done. 7Julia was so happy that she cried.
7. Although Mrs. Hunter is not an easy teacher, her students
love her. 1
Julia’s idea is not just a dream anymore. 2In the city of
8. Because I am more alert in the morning, early classes are Racine today, the Cops ’n Kids Reading Center is a wonderful
better for me. reality. 3It provides an after-school program, a summer
9. We had three hours of cleaning up to do after the party
program, and lots of special events for the local children. 4The
ended at 1 a.m.
kids can borrow from a library of more than 5,000 books. 5If the
10. If you want to be a rock star, you’d better have a second
books are late or lost, there are no overdue fines or fees. 6Julia
career plan just in case.
has retired from the police force to become the Center’s full-
time director. 7The picture shows Julia and a staff member
TEST 3, page 104 sorting through some of the newest books people have donated.
Corrections may vary slightly.
1. Although young people may not be interested in such
things, they may regret their lack of knowledge later.

2. When people reach middle age, they often begin to wish 1. 75,
they knew more about their family history. 2. lions, . . . horses,
3. Probably the best way to begin is to interview older rela- 3. thin,
tives because they’re such good sources of information. 4. Beech, . . . Furter,
4. If you’re concerned about bothering people, you probably 5. movies,
shouldn’t worry. 6. magazines, . . . novels,
5. After you do a few such interviews, you’ll be on your
7. Smoking,”
way to becoming the family historian.
8. vacuuming, dusting, making beds,
9. bath,
10. chair,
26
PRACTICE 3, page 111 TEST 2, page 113
PASSAGE A 1. c These shoes are my usual size, but they are still
1
As Julia thinks about her childhood, she remembers that too small for me.
no one ever read stories to her. 2She is now in her 50s, but that 2. b If you ask me, that milk has gone bad.
memory still hurts. 3She is making sure the kids at the Reading 3. c The car is badly rusted, and the rear window is cracked.
Center have better memories. 4Every day, those children sit 4. a Lainie’s chills, fever, and headache warned her she
down, get comfortable, and enjoy a story. 5Julia often sits was coming down with something.
down and listens, too. 5. b While I enjoy reading books, I hate having to write a
6
Although a staff member reads the story today, that is not book report.
often the case. 7Much of the time, volunteers from the 6. a The dog bared its teeth, flattened its ears, and snarled
community come in to read. 8“Guest readers” have included when it saw me.
local teachers, school principals, police officers, news 7. b Unused to the silence of the forest, the campers found
photographers, and others. it hard to sleep.
9
This group of children is of kindergarten age. 10This picture 8. a Every day starts with bringing in the newspaper,
was taken close to Mother’s Day, so some of the children were turning on a morning news show, and feeding the cat.
making cards for their moms. 11Others were painting pictures or 9. b Because it increases unrest among inmates, prison
practicing upper-case and lower-case letters. 12Older children overcrowding is dangerous.
who attend the Center might read newspapers, talk about current 10. c I had forgotten my glasses, so I could not read the fine
events, or take part in a book club. print on the test.
PASSAGE B TEST 3, page 114

1
The day’s program is over, and it’s time to go home. 2The 1. b When Andrew Carnegie was thirteen years old, he and
children always borrow books to take home, read, and return. his parents moved from Scotland to Pennsylvania.
3
But on days when the Center has plenty of extra books, 2. c Andrew wanted to go to school, but he had to work in
children are invited to select books to keep. 4Today is one of a factory instead.
those days. 5As you can see in this photo, the children are 3. c Andrew’s family was too poor to own many books, so
enjoying picking out books of their own. Andrew was grateful when a local businessman let
6
When Julia Burney sees scenes like this, she almost cries factory workers borrow books from his collection.
with joy. 7She grew up in a home without books, but she has 4. a Andrew later worked as a messenger boy, a telegraph
brought books into the homes of the children in her operator, a secretary, and a railroad executive.
community. 5. a He became known as an intelligent, hard-working, and
daring businessman.
TEST 1, page 112 6. b After he founded the Carnegie Steel Company, he
1. c My neighbor’s dog dislikes children, and it hates

became a very wealthy man.
the mail carrier.

7. b As Carnegie thought about how to use his wealth, he
2. b Before the video started, there were ten minutes
remembered the businessman who lent books to poor
of commercials.
factory boys.
3. a This recipe calls for a can of tuna, a bag of frozen 8. a Carnegie believed that reading had helped him to
peas, a box of noodles, and a can of mushroom become educated, successful, and happy.
soup. 9. c He wanted to share what had been done for him, so he

4. c Our apartment was too small after the twins were
used his money to establish 2,509 Carnegie libraries
born, so we started looking for a house.
all over the English-speaking world.
5. b Because of the bad weather, school was delayed
10. b When people use them, they should remember the
by two hours today.

poor Scottish factory boy who wanted everyone to
6. a The travel brochure showed lots of sunny skies, have access to books.
blue water, gorgeous beaches, and tropical sunsets.

7. b If you have a fever, you should not go out today. TEST 4, page 115
8. a Evan came to the door stretching, yawning, and
1. b 6. c
rubbing his eyes.
2. c 7. c
9. b Carrying sodas and popcorn, the couple looked
3. a 8. b
for a seat in the theater.
4. a 9. c
10. c The movie was in Spanish, so I had to read the
5. a 10. a
subtitles.
TEST 5, page 116

1. a 6. b
2. b 7. c
3. c 8. b
4. a 9. a
5. c 10. b
27
10 The Apostrophe 11 Quotation Marks
PRACTICE 1, page 119 PRACTICE 1, page 129

1. shouldn’t 6. don’t
1
Dr. Kratz loves to tell success stories about his former and
2. Logan’s 7. bird’s current students.
3. Alex’s 8. He’s
2
One of his favorites is about the college’s commencement
4. dog’s 9. owner’s speaker several years ago. 3She had been a student at the college,
5. isn’t 10. Maddie’s and one day her biology instructor got into a conversation with
her.
PRACTICE 2, page 120 “4What are you majoring in?” he asked.
1. lobster’s 6. dog’s “5I’m going to be a legal secretary,” she answered. “6I’m not
2. haven’t 7. couldn’t really interested in it, but I’m a single mother on welfare, and I
3. store’s 8. cheerleader’s just need to get some job training quickly. 7I’d really like to work
4. book’s 9. wasn’t in medical research, but someone like me can’t do that.”
5. won’t 10. model’s 8
The biology instructor encouraged the woman not to settle
for a career she wasn’t excited about. 9She decided to find a
PRACTICE 3, page 121 way to make her education a priority. 10She graduated from
1. aren’t 6. He’s community college, went on to earn a bachelor’s degree, and is
2. don’t 7. she’ll now finishing her doctorate at a major medical center. 11When
3. Sam’s 8. can’t she spoke at the community college’s commencement, she said,
4. he’d 9. won’t “Don’t accept the idea that you can’t. 12Find out what you can
5. Isaac’s 10. It’s do, and do it.”
TEST 1, page 122

1
These students are looking forward to their own gradua-
tions. 2Commencement at the college is always an exciting day.
1. father’s 6. grasshopper’s
“3It’s the greatest thing in the world,” says Dr. Kratz.
2. couldn’t 7. room’s
“ Everybody is hooting and hollering for their friends and rela-
4
3. tiger’s 8. hypnotist’s
tives.”
4. school’s 9. won’t 5
He says the enthusiasm is very contagious. 6He then tells this
5. didn’t 10. I’m
story: “A few years ago, the mayor of Philadelphia came to speak
TEST 2, page 123 at commencement. 7I expected he would just give his speech and
1. isn’t 6. mother’s leave early. 8But the mayor got so caught up in the excitement that
2. Andy’s 7. coach’s he ended up hanging around for the whole evening.”
3. weren’t 8. couldn’t
9
Dr. Kratz gets caught up in the excitement, too. “10I know
4. CD’s 9. daisy’s many of these students have sacrificed in order to make it to
5. hasn’t 10. Randy’s this day,” he says. “11I’m as proud of them as if they were my
own kids.”
TEST 3, page 124 Here Dr. Kratz stands nearby as a library staff member
1
1. aren’t 6. family’s helps a student do computer research. 2He explains,

2. sun’s 7. mother’s “Cooperation is at the heart of what community college is all
3. bed’s 8. brother’s about. 3We will meet you wherever you are and help you
4. don’t 9. didn’t become the best that you can be.”
5. Couldn’t 10. wouldn’t
TEST 4, page 125 1. “I won’t take any more criticism,” Kylie said to her
1. b 6. b boyfriend. “Our relationship is over.”
2. c 7. c 2. The operator stated, “Please deposit another quarter in

3. c 8. a order to continue this call.”
4. c 9. b 3. “Let’s all turn on our computers,” the instructor said.
5. a 10. a 4. The label on the chlorine bleach says, “Do not mix this
product with other cleansers.”
TEST 5, page 126
5. “This is a movie that will scare everyone in the family,”
1. c 6. b the reviewer said.
2. a 7. a 6. The boat captain said sternly, “Please keep your arms and
3. a 8. c legs inside the boat. Failure to do so will make the
4. c 9. b alligators very happy.”
5. b 10. c
28
7. In his book Think Big, Dr. Benjamin Carson writes, “I TEST 1, page 132
had been in the fifth grade not even two weeks before 1. My mother said, “Take some vitamin C for your cold.”
everyone considered me the dumbest kid in the class and 2. “Do not discuss the trial during your break,” the judge
frequently made jokes about me.” reminded the jury.
8. “Cut the onions into thin slices,” the cooking instructor
3. “That movie,” my friend complained, “is full of nonstop
explained. “Then place them in the hot skillet.”
9. “Could you turn the radio down just a little?” the passenger violence.”
shouted to the taxi driver. 4. The children’s voices sang, “Row, row, row your boat,
10. Anne Frank wrote the following in her diary: “It’s a won- gently down the stream.”
der I haven’t abandoned all my ideals, which seem so 5. “My computer screen is frozen,” I said to the instructor.
absurd and impractical. Yet I cling to them because I still 6. ”Let’s eat,” Rochelle said, ”before we go to the movie.”
believe, in spite of everything, that people are truly good 7. A sign on my father’s desk reads, “In the rat race, only
at heart.” the rats win.”
8. “Who would like another slice of turkey?” Mr. Brandon
PRACTICE 3, page 131 asked the dinner guests.
PASSAGE 1 9. “Keep your voice down!” the little boy shouted loudly to
1
Dr. Richard Kratz knows that, of course, college isn’t only the woman using a cell phone.
about studying. 10. “Take a lot of notes,” my friend warned, “if you want to
“2Let’s go see if anyone’s in the student union,” Dr. Kratz do well on tests.”
says.
3
When he gets there, he finds a number of students TEST 2, page 133
watching TV, talking, and playing pool. 1. “It can’t be time to get up yet,” Isaac groaned as his
“4Hey, how are you guys doing?” Dr. Kratz says to the pool alarm clock rang.
players. “5Do you mind if we take some pictures here?” 2. The waitress said, “What’ll it be, folks?”
6
The guys don’t mind at all. “7Put me in the picture!” says 3. “Get away from that hot stove!” Maria ordered her
one student. daughter.
8
Another jokes, “Why would you put him in when you can 4. The tag on the hair dryer said, “Do not use this product
have my good-looking self in it?” while taking a bath.”
9
In the end, all the guys get in the picture. 5. “Where did you buy that great bag?” a woman on the bus
PASSAGE 2 asked me.
1
Community colleges have been part of America since 1901. 6. The crowd chanted loudly, “Defense! Defense! Defense!”
2
Today, the more than one thousand community colleges educate 7. On the front page of the New York Times are these
over half the undergraduate college students in the United States. words: “All the news that’s fit to print.”
3
Community colleges are gaining in popularity for a number of 8. “To pass this class,” the instructor said, “you must be here
reasons. 4According to U.S. News and World Report, “Some stu- every day.”
dents have started off at two-year schools because they aren’t 9. My grandfather used to say, “Sometimes you eat the bear.
ready, either academically or emotionally, for big universities.” Sometimes the bear eats you.”
5
But the magazine goes on to say that many students who 10. Jan’s voice-mail message says, “I’m not home, or else
could go directly to a four-year college are choosing a commu- I’m pretending not to be home.”
nity college instead. 6Here’s an excerpt from the magazine:

“Chantel Bain wanted a college with small classes, caring TEST 3, page 134
professors, and diverse course offerings. 7She found her perfect 1. After serving the couple expensive lobster dinners, the
match at Santa Barbara City College, a two-year college.” waitress was upset to find that they had left her only fifty
8
One person posting on an online message board had this to cents for a tip. “Wait, mister,” she called after the man.
say about the advantages of community colleges: “My student “You can use this more than I can.”
loans are going to be only a quarter of what they would have 2. The interviewer poked her head out of the office door and
been, thanks to my attending a community college rather than a called out, “Please come in, Mr. Taylor.” She asked him a
four-year school.” 9She went on to praise the flexibility she few questions about his experience. Then she said,
found at her school: “Community colleges attract students who “We’ve had twenty-five applicants for this position. Tell
have other full-time obligations, such as work or family. 10Most me why you deserve to be hired rather than any of those
instructors understand this and are willing to accommodate.” others.”
11
In an interview, Dr. Richard Kratz notes, “Community 3. Pointing to a headline in the tabloid newspaper at the
colleges are the only sector of American education that is truly supermarket counter, the boy said, “It looks as if space
American. 12Everything else has been borrowed from British aliens have landed in Minnesota.”
education.” “You’d have to be from outer space to believe those
13
For all the above reasons, it is likely that community newspapers,” stated his father.
colleges will continue growing in importance in the American
educational system.
29
4. My uncle and aunt have different ways of dealing with PRACTICE 2, page 140
guests who stay too long. My aunt will hint politely, 1. There is only one (write, right) answer to a math problem.
“Well, it sure has been nice having you folks over.” My 2. No child will be able to (break, brake) this toy.
uncle is much more direct. He says, “Let’s call it a night, 3. We drove (through, threw) the entire state in only three
Norma, and let these nice people go home.” hours.
5. The Hollywood tourist asked the handsome man in the
4. Everyone wants (piece, peace) on Earth.
coffee shop for his autograph. He graciously signed her
5. I forgot (where, wear) I stored the Christmas presents.
menu. When she read the signature, she sputtered,
6. Are you going to order a half or a (hole, whole)
“James Dixon? You’re nobody famous!”

barbecued chicken?
The man shrugged. “I didn’t say I was. You’re the one 7. The (weather, whether) in England is rainy much of the
who asked for my autograph.” time.
8. Ray and Coral, who just got married, want all (new,
TEST 4, page 135 knew) furniture in their house.
1. c 6. b 9. People who cannot (hear, here) often communicate by

2. c 7. a American Sign Language.
3. b 8. a 10. The sign in the bus said, “(There, They’re, Their) is no
4. a 9. b excuse for domestic violence.”
5. c 10. b
TEST 5, page 136 1
Being able to read well helps a person take better care of
1. b 6. a his or her home and family. 2Someone (whose, who’s) reading
2. c 7. c skills aren’t strong can easily be taken advantage of. 3For
3. a 8. c instance, a stack of mail has just come (to, too, two) Joe and
4. b 9. a Terri’s house. 4The mail contains advertisements, letters from
5. b 10. a friends, and bills (to, too, two). 5(Here, Hear), Joe has settled
down (wear, where) he can look (threw, through) the bills care-
fully. 6Because he reads well, he will quickly notice if some-
12 Homonyms thing doesn’t look (right, write). 7When Joe has finished
reviewing the bills, he will have (piece, peace) of mind, know-
PRACTICE 1, page 139 ing that they are correct. 8A poor reader might not be able to
1
Terri works as a receptionist in a law office. 2When (your, tell (weather, whether) a bill is accurate or not. 9Most compa-
you’re) answering the phone, (writing, righting) messages, nies are not out to cheat customers. 10But they do make
sorting mail, and talking to visitors all at once, you need to errors—sometimes just (plain, plane) old mistakes in addi-
keep both hands free. 3That’s why Terri is wearing a telephone tion—and customers need to protect themselves.
headset. 4She may have several phone conversations going at TEST 1, page 142
once. 5Sometimes it isn’t easy remembering (who’s, whose) on
1. It’s your
which line!
2. brakes whether
3. write whole
1
Joe works (here, hear), in a mental-health clinic. 2He is a
4. know there
counselor. 3His job is to help people with (their, there, they’re)
5. peace right
problems. 4When clients first come in for counseling, they are
6. whose their
often nervous. 5They don’t (know, no) what to expect.
7. too plane
6
Joe tries hard to make his clients feel comfortable. 7He
8. break who’s
believes that when (you’re, your) a counselor, you should treat
9. hear no
(you’re, your) clients with respect.
10. knew threw
1
Are you a “people person”? 2Or do you enjoy spending TEST 2, page 143
time alone? 3These are (two, to, too) questions to consider as
1. where you’re
you think about what kind of work you might like to do. 4Look
2. whole they’re
around and ask yourself if (their, there, they’re) are certain
3. There break
jobs that fit your personality and other ones that you wouldn’t
4. weather two
like at all.
5. it’s to
6. new its
7. know their
8. know Who’s
9. threw plain
10. know right
30
TEST 3, page 144 13 Capital Letters
1
Amelia Earhart was famous during her lifetime for being
a daring pilot. 2After her death—or at least, after what was PRACTICE 1, page 149
probably her death—she became even more famous, as the 1
Mark has always been a young man who thinks for
center of a mystery. 3As a young woman, Earhart earned her himself. 2peer pressure doesn’t influence him. 3He says, “most
pilot’s license and became something of a wanderer. 4When she kids care too much about what other kids think. 4You’ve got to
flew across the Atlantic Ocean with too men in 1928, the be your own person.” 5His parents have encouraged him to aim
unusual trip made headlines. 5In 1937, Earhart began her high. 6They want Mark and his younger brother kenny involved
boldest trip yet. 6With a navigator named Fred Noonan to assist in school and extra-curricular activities. 7“I didn’t finish high
her, she set out to fly around the world. 7Their plain took off school myself,” says Mark’s dad. 8“Now i work in a furniture
from Miami, Florida, in June. 8They flew to New Guinea, wear warehouse over in kensington. 9I’ve taken Mark in to work so
they stopped to rest and make repairs before taking off for an he can see what it’s like to work your tail off in 100-degree
island in the Pacific on July 1. 9But on that date, Earhart’s heat. 10He knows that doing well in school is the key to getting
radio messages stopped. 10The aircraft and it’s crew had a job where he uses his head, not his back.”
disappeared. 1. Peer
11
Earhart may have simply run out of fuel over the Pacific. 2. Most
12
Or perhaps unexpected bad whether caused the airplane to 3. Kenny
brake up into pieces. 13But another theory says that Earhart was 4. I
murdered. 14In 1937, Japan was building strong military 5. Kensington
defenses on some Pacific islands. 15Some historians believe that
Earhart was forced down by Japanese troops who were afraid 1
Although he works hard in school and out of it, Mark is
that she had spotted there secret military buildup. 16After all in most ways a typical teenager. 2on this sunday, when he was
these years, no one knows who’s theory is write. 17Threw the in the kitchen with his mom, the photographer told him to act
years since, many have searched for the missing aircraft, but natural. 3In response, he put out his hand and asked, “can i
no sign of it has been found. 18And Amelia Earhart remains one have some money?” 4Do you think he wants some new nike
of the most famous pilots in the world. sneakers?
1. two 6. break 6. On
2. plane 7. their 7. Sunday
3. where 8. whose 8. Can
4. its 9. right 9. I
5. weather 10. Through 10. Nike
TEST 4, page 145

1. a 6. c PRACTICE 2, page 150
2. b 7. b 1. Pepsi Doritos
3. c 8. c 2. December Buffalo
4. c 9. b 3. My Why
5. a 10. c 4. Monday Christmas
5. Arthur States
TEST 5, page 146 6. Thanksgiving Progresso
1. c 6. c 7. Lexus Chevrolet
2. a 7. a 8. January Florida
3. c 8. b 9. Penn Avenue
4. a 9. b 10. Newsweek Gladiator
5. c 10. a
31
PRACTICE 3, page 151 TEST 3, page 154
1
It’s rare to find Mark without a book. 2He began reading a 1. May Colorado
lot as a way to pass the time during his long trip to school. 2. Thursdays Ritz
3
The first books he remembers really liking were a series of 3. Spruce Street
novels by W.E.B. Griffin. 4The novels, which take place within 4. Christmas Monopoly
the philadelphia police department, include such titles as men 5. English My
at war and Honor Bound. 5After Mark worked his way through
that series, his english teacher recommended some historical TEST 4, page 155
fiction. 6Mark also likes biographies, and he is pictured here 1. c 6. a
reading a biography of John Wanamaker, the founder of a 2. b 7. c
famous department store. 7It’s nice to spend a lazy sunday 3. a 8. a
afternoon just lying on the couch with a good book. 4. c 9. b
1. Philadelphia 5. b 10. c
2. Men
3. War TEST 5, page 156
4. English
1. c 6. b
5. Sunday
2. a 7. b
3. a 8. a
1
One of the reasons Mark wants to do well in school is
4. c 9. c
that he knows his younger brother Kenny is watching him.
5. c 10. c
2
Kenny notices Mark’s efforts, and he tells a visitor, “don’t be a
fool. stay in school.” 3He adds, “Mark and I are alike in some
ways. 4We both play the trumpet.” 5He asks Mark, “Would you
rather go to Dartmouth College or temple university here in
14 Parallelism
Philadelphia?” 6Kenny is only in fifth grade, but he’s learned
that people have to plan ahead to get the things that they want.
7
But on this beautiful march day, all he really wants is to go 1
When she lived at home, Jasmin loved her grandmother’s
skating with his friends.
cooking. 2But now she lives on her own, and she doesn’t have
6. Don’t
much time to prepare meals. 3After work, she usually makes a
7. Stay
sandwich, heats up some soup, or she might scramble some
8. Temple
eggs. 4Then she’s off to campus, where she spends the evening
9. University
listening to a lecture, she takes notes, and asking questions.
10. March 5
But sometimes she has to take a break. 6“I call Grandma and
say, ‘I am so stressed out!’ ” Jasmin says. 7“And she says,
TEST 1, page 152 ‘Come over, and I’ll cook for you.’ 8I go over and she feeds
me, babies me, and is talking Spanish to me. 9That always
1. I Orleans
makes me feel better.”
2. Here’s Buick
1. scrambles some eggs
3. Wednesday Chinese
2. taking notes
4. November Prevention
3. talks Spanish to me
5. Henrik Norway
6. I Cheerios
Jasmin moved into her own apartment when she was just
1
7. Michigan Chicago
17. She could have lived at home and saved money, time, and
2
8. July Baker
making a lot of effort. 3But back in her neighborhood, she was
9. Thursday Vietnamese
too distracted by friends who didn’t understand why college
10. James Oz
was so important to her. 4They wanted her to hang out, party,
TEST 2, page 153 and having fun. 5Jasmin likes to have fun, too, but doing well
in school is more important to her. 6Sometimes living alone is
1. Domino’s Hut
boring, depressing, and it makes her feel lonely. 7Other times
2. May Kroger
she loves feeling independent, grown-up, and having a sense of
3. Be Bermuda
responsibility. 8Even when she feels lonely, she is sure her
4. English Great
decision will pay off in the end.
5. Hershey Hawaii
4. effort
6. Glamour Million
5. have fun
7. February Friday
6. lonely
8. Point Sandusky
7. responsible
9. Everybody Greek
10. Washington Macintosh
32
1
When she gets home after a long night of classes, Jasmin TEST 2, page 163
reviews her notes, reads her next day’s assignments, and is 1. sweet expressions
studying for any upcoming tests. 2She often falls asleep over 2. low pay
her textbooks. 3It’s hard to find time to clean her apartment, 3. [to] get drinks
shop for groceries, and the doing of laundry. 4She sometimes 4. poured
envies other students who work only part-time or don’t have to 5. a modern kitchen
work at all. 5She sees them attending class during the day and 6. scuffed shoes
go out with their friends when they want to. 6“I’d like to have 7. a nervous voice
more time for a social life,” she admits, “but that’s not my top 8. ride a bike
priority right now.” 9. a second-grade teacher
8. studies for any upcoming tests 10. the temperature dropped
9. do laundry
10. going out TEST 3, page 164
1
The novel Les Miserables was written in the 1800s by
PRACTICE 2, page 160 French author Victor Hugo. 2It tells the story of Jean Valjean.
1. having to sleep [OR sleeping] 3
Poor and being full of hunger, Valjean stole a loaf of bread
2. yellow tulips one day. 4He was arrested and receiving a sentence of five
3. spitting years as a slave in a galley ship. 5His attempts to escape added
4. sour years to his sentence. 6In the end, Valjean served nineteen years
5. [to] let them pile up for stealing the bread. 7He left prison bitter, vengeful, and full
6. surprising smells of anger. 8But a surprising event changed Valjean’s mind and
7. puts it up in a French twist was softening his heart.
8. television sports [OR televised sports] 9
Valjean could find nothing to eat and no place for sleep-
9. stale peanut-butter crackers ing because everyone was afraid of him. 10Finally, he stormed
10. constant activity angrily into the house of a bishop. 11He demanded a scrap of
food and was asking for permission to sleep in the stable. 12To
PRACTICE 3, page 161 Valjean’s surprise, the bishop welcomed him kindly and in a
1
In spite of her difficult schedule, Jasmin is smiling, warm fashion. 13He ate dinner with Valjean and then led him to
focused, and she stays positive. 2She keeps her goals in mind. a comfortable bedroom.
3
Those goals are to do well in college and getting admitted to 14
During the night, Valjean sneaked out of bed and was
law school. 4She wants to earn her law degree, become a judge, stealing the knives and forks from the dining room. 15In the
and working to help the Latino community. 5“I see so many morning, soldiers brought him and the silverware to the bishop’s
people around me get in trouble, go to jail, and giving up on door. 16The bishop greeted him as a friend and was responding,
themselves,” she says. 6“As a judge, I’ll be in a position to see “I am glad you took the silverware I gave you.” 17Convinced that
that people get the help they need.” Valjean was innocent, the soldiers went away. 18Valjean spent the
7
Jasmin is grateful for the support of her family as she rest of his life helping people, sharing with them, and he showed
works to achieve her dreams. 8“My mom and my aunts are my them the kindness the bishop had shown him.
best friends. 9And Grandma is terrific. 10She’d like to see me 1. hungry 6. asked
settling down, get married, and having kids, but if going to 2. received 7. warmly
school is what makes me happy, she respects that, too.” 3. angry 8. stole
1. positive 4. softened 9. responded
2. [to] get admitted to law school 5. to sleep 10. showing
3. work to help the Latino community
4. give up on themselves TEST 4, page 165
5. getting married 1. b 6. c
2. a 7. a
TEST 1, page 162 3. b 8. a
1. a sore throat 4. a 9. a
2. driving 5. c 10. c
3. ringing telephones
4. juicy TEST 5, page 166
5. your friends 1. c 6. b
6. roast [OR roasted] chicken 2. b 7. a
7. stupid jokes 3. c 8. b
8. lend him money 4. c 9. b
9. to lose weight 5. a 10. a
10. turned red
33
ANSWERS TO THE PRACTICES AND TESTS: PART TWO
15 Preparing a Paper 5. José was telling me about a beautiful green-eyed girl he

saw on the subway.
PRACTICE, page 170
1. The title should be centered. PRACTICE 5, page 175
2. The second word of the title needs to be capitalized. 1. Several papers—important papers—are missing from my
3. A line should be skipped after the title. desk.
4. The paragraph’s first line should be indented. 2. A year after their divorce, Oscar and Ruby did something
5. A margin is needed on the right side. surprising—they got married again.
3. Delicious food, wonderful service, and low prices—that’s
16 Punctuation Marks all I ask in a restaurant.
4. The maple tree in our front yard—it had been standing
PRACTICE 1, page 172 there for sixty years—blew down last night.
1. Our family car has trouble starting on cold or wet mornings. 5. Harold walked into the room wearing an odd outfit—an
2. What classes are you taking this semester? elegant tuxedo, a rose in his buttonhole, and cheap rubber
3. Watch out for that barbed wire! sandals.
4. Please fill out an application, and then take a seat.
5. May I use your computer? PRACTICE 6, page 175
6. Iced tea was first served at the 1904 World’s Fair. 1. The tree by our front door (a sycamore) is home to a
7. That speeding car is going to hit us! family of robins.
8. My brother asked if he could use my computer. 2. My mother (whose maiden name is Wojcik) was born in a
9. Do you think it’s going to rain? small town in Poland.
3. The Twice Around Resale Shop (it’s at Fifth and Maple)
10. Bicycles, which don’t pollute, may be the world’s best
has wonderful clothing bargains.

method of transportation.
4. To perform this magic trick, you need (1) a styrofoam
cup, (2) a rubber band, and (3) two feet of thread.
5. Harvey Whitman and Erica Whitman (they’re not related)
1. This dessert requires only three ingredients: graham
will conduct a seminar on leadership for company managers.
crackers, marshmallows, and chocolate chips.
2. The book Anna Karenina begins with this famous TEST 1, page 176
observation: “Happy families are all alike; every unhappy 1. The moon is about 239,000 miles from Earth.
family is unhappy in its own way.” 2. Are you ready for the test?
3. By the end of her first date with Bill, Julie was positive of 3. That’s a great white shark heading toward the swimmers!
one thing: there would never be a second. 4. I wonder if this water is safe to drink.
4. James left the carnival loaded down with treats: cotton 5. I’m so happy right now I could fly!
candy, stuffed toys, balloons, and three live goldfish. 6. I can’t figure out how to turn on this computer.
5. Instead of the anger he expected, Darryl felt only one 7. Would you like some help with that suitcase?
emotion when his son was brought home by the police: 8. Your choices for breakfast are scrambled eggs, pancakes,
great relief. or cereal.
9. That man is pointing a gun at us!
PRACTICE 3, page 173 10. Did you take any notes in the class?
1. Many hopeful actors move to Hollywood; most leave
disappointed. TEST 2, page 177
2. We went to the airport to pick up my cousin; however, 1. d Horrible acting, laughable dialogue, and a ridiculous
her flight had been canceled. plot—if you like these things, you’ll love this movie.
3. Winners in the dog show were Lady Luck, a German
2. b The soup simmered all morning; its delicious aroma
shepherd; Skipper’s Delight, a golden retriever; and
filled the house.
Nana, a miniature poodle.
3. c The story of Ferdinand is about a fierce-looking bull
4. The emergency room was crowded; everyone looked
who loves flowers.
worried.
4. a Groucho Marx had this to say about people, dogs, and
5. Hank thought the glass contained lemonade; instead, he reading: “Outside of a dog, a book is a man’s best
drank pure lemon juice. friend. Inside a dog it’s too dark to read.”
5. b The beach was clean and inviting; the water was cool
PRACTICE 4, page 174 and blue.
1. Polls show that two-thirds of the voters would support 6. a There will be auditions tomorrow for three parts in the
higher taxes. play: the father, the mother, and the twelve-year-old
2. You’ve handed in a very well-written story. daughter.
3. That angry-looking boss actually has a sweet personality. 7. c My usually soft-spoken brother began to shout angrily.
4. Although Trudy turned thirty last month, she tells
everyone she’s twenty-eight.
34
8. d Before I waded into the pond, I noticed someone else 9. Mark and I had been arguing loudly when our teacher
was already there—a baby alligator. walked into the room.
9. e My grandfather (actually, he’s my great-grandfather) 10. She simply frowned at Mark and me and left.
will be visiting us over the holidays.
10. a Eleanor Roosevelt wrote this about courage: “You gain

strength, courage and confidence by every experience
1. Della has been in the choir longer than we.
in which you really stop to look fear in the face. You
2. Our argument bothers you as much as me.
are able to say to yourself, ‘I lived through this horror.
3. Omar told his teammates he runs faster than they.
I can take the next thing that comes along.’ ”
4. My little brother is five inches taller than I.
5. The math final worries me more than her; she is hardly
studying for it.
17 Pronoun Forms 6. We don’t give parties as often as they.
7. As a child, I had a pet collie; there was no relative I loved
as much as him.
1. O The concert gave me a headache. 8. My family and our friends all caught the flu, but we
2. P Your father is very friendly. weren’t as sick as they.
3. S They once lived in Texas. 9. Julius bats the ball farther than his sister, but she runs the
4. O Read the letter out loud to us. bases faster than he.
5. S Apparently she is somebody famous. 10. That buzzing noise in the lamp annoys Dad more than us;
6. P The door on my closet has a broken hinge. he has to leave the room.
7. O A stone almost hit me in the eye.
8. O Stu gave them nothing but trouble. PRACTICE 5, page 184
9. S I often forget to bring a calculator to math class. 1. The company hired a secretary who can speak Spanish.
10. P Next Friday, our brother will be twenty-eight. 2. Ron’s first boss was a man whom he could not please.
3. I admire a man who cries at movies.
PRACTICE 2, page 181 4. Chester Arthur is a President whom few Americans
1. Over the summer, Melba changed her hair color, remember.
job, and boyfriend. 5. Students who cheated on the test were suspended.
2. I will treat you to lunch today. PRACTICE 6, page 184

3. Over the last ten years, twenty-three foster children have 1. Who will do the dishes tonight?
lived with us. 2. Whom were you expecting?
4. You should iron your shirt before going to the job 3. Who woke up in the middle of the night?
interview. 4. Who is making all that racket?
5. Will you join us at the movies Friday night? 5. Whom did you just call on the phone?
6. They cannot find an apartment they like in this
neighorhood. TEST 1, page 185
7. Richard must give me a ride to school tomorrow. 1. She got the highest grade on the mid-term test.
8. When he died at the age of ninety-six, Grandpa still had 2. The twins had braces on their teeth for three years.
all of his teeth. 3. We are sure that getting married is the right thing for us.
9. Jill spotted her son on the playground and brought him a 4. Since my aunt and uncle enjoy basketball more than I do,
sandwich. I gave the tickets to them.
10. We held a family meeting to decide how to split up 5. She and I have been friends since we were little children.
household chores. 6. I don’t know whether to believe you or him.
7. Hector and his sister both speak some Spanish, but
PRACTICE 3, page 182 Hector is more fluent than she.
1. Is that package addressed to my brother or me? 8. We enjoyed no teacher as much as him; he was always
2. According to Jess, either he or his roommate will fix the interesting.
broken window. 9. Our mayor is a former nun who decided to enter politics.
3. The piano is too heavy for Kate and her to move on their 10. The principal is a young man who has earned the
own. community’s respect.
4. Robbie and he first met when they were in the fourth TEST 2, page 186
grade. 1. You are welcome to drive to the meeting with us.
5. That strong coffee kept Dad and us awake for hours. 2. All of my blue jeans have holes in their knees.
6. My mother heard that the new position of floor manager 3. My mother changes her mind more frequently than I.
will go either to her coworker Ken or her. 4. The man whom the car hit is my uncle.
7. For many years, we and Dale have sat next to each other 5. Next weekend, you and we should go to a movie together.
at football games. 6. My dog and I often hike in the woods for hours at a time.
8. In the books about the Hardy boys, they and their 7. Sarah’s boss said there was no employee he valued as
detective father work together to solve mysteries. much as her.
35
8. Does that red sports car belong to his parents or him? 4. I bought a stationary bicycle that has a timer, but I never
9. The mechanic who usually works on our car is on vacation. use the timer. [OR I never use the bicycle.]
10. When the captain’s boat capsized, he and his crew had 5. I went to the hardware store for 100-watt light bulbs, but
a dangerous adventure. the clerks didn’t have any.
TEST 1, page 195

1. its 6. I
18 Pronoun Problems 2. their 7. their
3. his or her 8. a postal worker
PRACTICE 1, page 188 4. her 9. “You got four phone calls this afternoon.”
1. photographer 5. us 10. working in the cafeteria
2. cat
3. Kate and Barry TEST 2, page 196
4. coffee 1. his 6. they
5. Nora and her brother 2. their 7. he (OR she)
PRACTICE 2, page 188 3. her 8. collecting coupons
4. his or her 9. , “You’re late for your doctor’s appointment.”
1. it refers to movie
5. me 10. the customer service manager says
2. her refers to Marlene
3. his refers to horse
4. he refers to man
5. they refers to Carla and Vicki 19 Adjectives and Adverbs
1. its refers to everything 1. rainy weather
2. his refers to neither 2. action movie
3. their refers to restaurants 3. depressing book
4. them refers to grapes 4. selfish person
5. his or her refers to anyone 5. soft voice
6. their refers to both 6. dance . . . terrific
7. his or her refers to everybody 7. favorite pants
8. his or her refers to nobody 8. you . . . shy
9. it is refers to room 9. Rose bushes
10. they refers to invitations 10. angry letter

1. they 6. I 1. brightly 6. quietly
2. you 7. we 2. helplessly 7. longingly
3. me 8. I 3. hurriedly 8. frequently
4. we 9. they 4. shyly 9. kindly
5. I 10. they 5. honestly 10. seriously

1. the owners 1. rapidly 6. willing
2. the phone 2. rapid 7. prompt
3. “Can I help with the dishes?” 3. quietly 8. rapidly
4. the contest organizers 4. patient 9. cheerfully
5. my cousins 5. patiently 10. cheerful
PRACTICE 6, page 194 PRACTICE 4, pages 200–201

Wording of revisions may vary. 1. fuller
1. When Nick questioned the repairman, the repairman
2. more affectionate
became very upset.
3. grayer
2. My parents are expert horseshoe players, but I’ve never 4. neater
become any good at horseshoes. 5. more annoying
3. Mary Alice told her sister, “My boyfriend is moving to
another state.” [OR “Your boyfriend is moving to another
state.”]
36
PRACTICE 5, page 201 20 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
1. youngest
2. most important
3. freshest 1. I’m returning the shirt that is too small to the store.
4. most artistic 2. The plants with small purple blossoms by the lamp are
5. most difficult violets.
3. We watched with helpless anger as our house burned to
PRACTICE 6, page 202 the ground.
4. The woman that is waving in that boat is trying to tell us
1. baddest worst
something.
2. gooder better
5. The bracelet made of gold links on Roberta’s arm belongs
3. more older older
to her mother.
4. littler less
5. more sweeter sweeter PRACTICE 2, page 209
6. most little least
1. Carrie has nearly sixty freckles on her face.
7. most beautifulest most beautiful
2. Suelyn cried through almost the whole sad movie.
8. worser worse
3. I didn’t make even one mistake on the midterm test.
9. more most
4. The terrible fall broke nearly every bone in the skier’s
10. more little less
body.
5. By the end of the war, almost twenty countries were
involved in the fighting.
1. well 6. badly
2. good 7. well PRACTICE 3, page 210
3. badly 8. bad Revisions may vary.
4. bad 9. well 1. Out of money, I decided that my only choice was to
5. well 10. good borrow from a friend.
2. While jogging, Anton thought of a good topic for his
PRACTICE 8, page 204 English paper.
1. never ever 3. Bored by the lecture, Jed began thinking about dinner.
2. don’t 4. Moving around the sun, Earth travels at a speed of more
3. won’t will than 66,000 miles per hour.
4. nothing anything 5. Loudly booing and cursing, the fans clearly showed their
5. nowhere anywhere disapproval of the call.
6. can’t can
7. never ever PRACTICE 4, page 211
8. nothing anything 1. While Peg was waiting for an important call, her phone
9. wouldn’t would began making weird noises.
10. won’t will 2. After the carpet was shampooed, Trish was surprised by
its new look. (After being shampooed)
TEST 1, page 205 3. Since I was touched by the movie, tears came to my eyes.
1. suddenly 6. well 4. After Stella ate one too many corn dogs, her stomach
2. good 7. carefully rebelled. (After eating one too many corn dogs)
3. calmly 8. brightly 5. Because Rob was born on the Fourth of July, his birthday
4. faster 9. anything cake was always red, white, and blue.
5. nicest 10. better
TEST 1, page 212
Some revisions may vary.
TEST 2, page 206
1. The customer rudely demanded that the waiter take her
1. a. sweetest
order.
b. anything
2. I peeled the potatoes with a paring knife before I cooked
2. a. badly
them.
b. quickly
3. In one week, the cat had caught nearly every mouse in the
3. a. shorter
house.
b. more interesting
4. The child with fuzzy orange hair playing on the jungle
4. a. best
gym is my nephew.
b. cheerfully
5. We discovered an Italian bakery that had just opened a
5. a. better
few miles from our house.
b. have scarcely
6. After we visited the bakery, the aroma of freshly baked
bread filled our car. (Visiting the bakery)
37
7. As I lay on the sunny beach, thoughts of skin cancer
5. Daily exercise every day of the week
began to enter my mind. (Lying on the sunny beach)

Daily exercise gives my mother more energy.
8. Not meaning to be cruel, George hurt Jackie’s feelings

with his careless remark. TEST 1, page 218
9. Though not a fan of science fiction, I found the new Star Revisions may vary.
Trek movie, to my surprise, was very enjoyable. 1. All morning I have been as nervous as a long-tailed cat in
10. Exhausted by his first day at school, Sam closed his eyes a room full of rocking chairs.
in the middle of his favorite TV show. extremely nervous
2. Maddie was slow as molasses getting ready for school
TEST 2, page 213 this morning.
Some revisions may vary. very slow

1. I mailed a letter without a stamp to my cousin who lives in 3. After our first science lab, I felt totally clueless.
Alaska. I was embarrassed when the post off sent the letter confused
back to me a week later. 4. Public interest in the upcoming election seems dead as a
2. Lin’s mother answered the door, and Jim asked politely if doornail.
he could speak to Lin. Impressed with Jim’s manner, her to have died out
mother answered, “Certainly. Please come in.” 5. Dad freaked out when I got home at 3 a.m.
3. . . . As she was searching the sky, a glorious rainbow lost his temper
appeared. It lasted nearly a minute and then faded from 6. We were glad to hear the test had been postponed until a
view. later date.
4. I don’t mean to embarrass you, but please answer a delete underlined phrase
question about your birthday present. Will you ever wear 7. Because of the fact that it was raining, we canceled our trip.
the sweater that I bought for you? (Not meaning to delete underlined phrase
embarrass you) 8. Please call me at the point in time when you are ready to go.
5. . . . In fact, Ms. Nichol noticed that only two students
delete underlined phrase
were paying attention. When she clapped her hands
9. The store opens at 10 a.m. in the morning.
together sharply, the students woke up from their

daydreams. (Clapping her hands . . .)

10. Reba forgot her jacket and had to return back again to her
Note: In the first printing of the book, Sentence 1 contained only house for it.
one error. This has been corrected in subsequent printings. delete underlined phrase
TEST 2, page 219

Revisions may vary.
21 Word Choice 1. In the event that I get the part-time job, I will heave a sigh
of relief.
PRACTICE 1, page 214–215
a. If b. be relieved
Revisions may vary.
1. understand 4. fell asleep 2. Thirty-seven students signed up for the creative-writing
2. in trouble 5. unrealistic class, but only twenty-four could be accepted. The other
3. disgusted thirteen were really bummed out. They asked the teacher to
consider opening a second section of the class, but he gave
them the cold shoulder.
Revisions may vary.
a. disappointed b. ignored them
1. extremely light 4. carefree
2. Today 5. ate 3. Wally assembled the big circular track for his son’s model
3. very risky train. Then he connected the cars, hooking them up togeth-
er. Finally, he threw the switch and watched the train glide
around the track. He was as pleased as punch that it all
Revisions may vary.
worked perfectly.
1. Due to the fact that a. connected the cars b. very pleased
Because Lionel won the lottery, he won’t be coming to
work today. 4. The microwave oven I bought from your store is a loser.
2. My sister went ahead and made the decision
Although I have followed the manufacturer’s instructions,
My sister decided to take a job in Maryland.
the oven has never worked properly. I expect you to replace
3. the location where it is.
the oven in the very near future. If that is not possible,
Jeff hid his extra house key and now has forgotten
please return my money.
where it is.
a. defective b. very soon
4. at this point in time
I do not know if I will be going to this school next year.
38
5. The movie I saw last night was advertised as a comedy, 23 More about Subjects and Verbs
but I didn’t laugh once. Instead, it completely weirded me
out. It showed married people who hated one another and PRACTICE 1, page 225
parents who shouted at their children. Why do people in Answers will vary.
this day and age think it is funny for people to mistreat 1. burglar 6. kittens
one another? 2. apples 7. Julie
a. made me feel uneasy b. today 3. lizard 8. English
4. chains 9. hawk
5. Fran 10. She
22 Numbers and Abbreviations PRACTICE 2, page 227

PRACTICE 1, page 221 1. The blueberries in this pie are bitter.
2. On weekends, Troy works overtime.
1. fifty 50
3. The woman with a pierced nose is my hairdresser.
2. 2 two
4. Leaves from our neighbor’s tree covered our lawn.
3. 7 seven
5. During the school play, the lead actress lost her voice.
4. two thousand and one 2001
6. Some of the roof shingles are loose.
5. forty 40
7. Like her father, Abby adores baseball.
6. 26 Twenty-six
8. The dust under your bed contains tiny creatures.
7. two forty-five 2:45
9. One of my best friends is a computer programmer.
8. 10 ten
10. From my bedroom window, I can watch my neighbor’s TV.
9. fifty 50
10. two thousand four hundred and fifty six 2,456
PRACTICE 2, page 222 1. P leaves
1. cent. century 6. Wm. William 2. P Books
2. Phila. Philadelphia 7. retd. retired 3. S noise
3. Can Canada 8. nmbr. number 4. P guitarist drum player
4. Mon. Monday 9. Calif. California 5. S aroma
5. Kan. Kansas 10. coll. college 6. P men
7. S envelope
TEST 1, page 223 8. P oven refrigerator
9. S deck
1. 102 One hundred and two
10. P tourists mosquitoes
2. 3 three
3. univ. university
4. pop. population
5. hosp. hospital 1. Members of the audience applauded loudly.
6. supt. superintendent 2. Before the party, I took a short nap.
7. 8 eight 3. Without warning, the can of red paint slid off the ladder.
8. thirteen 13
9. one thousand, two hundred and twenty dollars $1,220 4. Wesley tripped on the steps.
10. sand. sandwich 5. The huge tree on the front lawn shades our front porch
in the afternoon.
TEST 2, page 224
6. Aunt Lois opened the package and gasped in delight.
1. 5 five
2. Jan. January 7. A German shepherd waited patiently for his owner to
3. 30 thirty return.
4. ref. reference
8. The angry bull snorted loudly and charged at the red blanket.
5. eighty 80
6. Fran. Francisco 9. Without a word, Paul raced out of the house and into the
7. Amer. America front yard.
8. Blvd. Boulevard
10. By 7 a.m., impatient shoppers were gathering at the front
9. one dollar and fifty cents $1.50
10. eleven 11 entrance of the mall for a special sale.
39
PRACTICE 5, page 230 8. Retrievers and sheepdogs do not bite very often.
Subject(s): Retrievers . . . sheepdogs Verb(s): do . . . bite
1. That nurse was kind.
9. The rug-cleaning people should have been here by now.
2. The kitchen smells spicy. Subject(s): people Verb(s): should have been
3. Trisha and I are roommates. 10. After work, Dena and I ate dinner and studied at her
apartment.
4. Velvet feels soft and silky.

Subject(s): Dena . . . I Verb(s): ate . . . studied
5. The chocolate cookies taste salty and dry.

6. After jogging, I am always hungry. TEST 2, page 234
7. Those dishes from the dishwasher still look dirty.
1
Sharks, with their pointed snouts and fearsome teeth,
8. Since his divorce, Nate seems unhappy. terrify most people. 2However, of the 375 or so different types
9. The cashier at our supermarket is a student at Jefferson
of sharks, few have attacked people. 3Most sharks will attack

High School.
10. During the hot, dry summer, the farmers were uneasy
only when in danger. 4The great white shark is one of the most
about their crops.
dangerous sharks to humans. 5Many people know and fear this
PRACTICE 6, page 231 shark from its role in the movie Jaws. 6It can grow to over
1. Helping verb(s): was Main verb: complaining
twenty feet in length. 7The coloring of the great white shark is
2. Helping verb(s): will Main verb: decorate
3. Helping verb(s): should Main verb: take a camouflage in the water. 8The color of its belly is white.
4. Helping verb(s): do Main verb: enjoy 9
From underneath, the white belly blends with the bright sky
5. Helping verb(s): has Main verb: planted
6. Helping verb(s): should have Main verb: called overhead. 10Seals, smaller fish, and people often do not see the
7. Helping verb(s): will Main verb: accept
8. Helping verb(s): could have Main verb: killed great white shark in time.
9. Helping verb(s): must have Main verb: forgotten
10. Helping verb(s): might have Main verb: injured
24 More about Subject-Verb
PRACTICE 7, page 232 Agreement
1. Complete verb is wearing
2. Complete verb hurried
3. Complete verb should be boiled 1. Here are some messages for you.
4. Complete verb has promised 2. What is your middle name?
5. Complete verb will love 3. Beside the stream stands a low wooden fence.
4. In that little garden grow twenty herbs.
TEST 1, page 233 5. There were black clouds in the sky this morning.
1. The coffee from the leaking pot stained the carpet.
6. Where is the box for these crayons?
Subject(s): coffee Verb(s): stained
7. On the table in the dining room lies a letter for you.
2. My cousins in Louisiana formed a gospel music group.
8. There are good reasons to hire older workers.

Subject(s): cousins Verb(s): formed
3. At exactly noon, my summer vacation will begin.

9. Why is Jamie sitting outside in the car?
Subject(s): vacation Verb(s): will begin
10. On the bench outside of the mall rest two tired shoppers.
4. A warm sweatshirt with a hood feels good on a chilly day.
Subject(s): sweatshirt Verb(s): feels PRACTICE 2, page 237
5. The source of heating and cooling for the house is a heat
1. Either the trash can or your socks smell horrible.
pump.
2. Neither the fish nor the vegetables taste fresh in this
Subject(s): source Verb(s): is

restaurant.
6. The cardboard boxes by the river are home to several people. 3. Her sisters or she usually donates a cake or cookies to the
Subject(s): boxes Verb(s): are community bake sale.
7. For my little brother and sister, happiness is a McDonald’s 4. Neither Polly nor her brothers seem surprised by their
restaurant. parents’ announcement.
Subject(s): happiness Verb(s): is 5. “On Father’s Day,” Don said, “either the children or my
wife washes the family car.”
40
PRACTICE 3, page 237 25 More about Verbs
1. The jury is going to announce its verdict this morning.

2. The faculty has chosen one book for everyone in the
school to read.
A. smile . . . smile
3. This noisy audience is spoiling the movie for me. smile . . . smile
4. The couple take separate vacations: she likes to hike, and smiles . . . smile
he likes to lie on the beach. B. 1. drills 6. trim
5. Every year, the band marches in the town’s Thanksgiving 2. practices 7. cleans
parade. 3. ring 8. tells
4. makes 9. discovers
PRACTICE 4, page 238 5. dig 10. remember
1. Everybody at my new school is friendly.
2. Neither of those mattresses feels comfortable. PRACTICE 2, page 245
3. Nobody in my family knows how to swim. 1. seemed 6. jumped
4. Both of my parents are allergic to peanuts. 2. sailed 7. talked
5. Most of the house has been painted. 3. wondered 8. checked
4. knocked 9. wiped
6. Each of the children needs some attention.
5. named 10. played
7. Either Monday or Friday seems like a good day for the
meeting.
8. Everything in that box goes to the neighborhood garage
sale. 1. will play 4. will attend
9. Both of my best friends are older than I. 2. will plant 5. will circle
3. will iron
10. Most of the wedding invitations have been addressed and
mailed.
PRACTICE 5, page 239 1. has poured 4. has boiled
2. have lived 5. have mixed
1. We have planted several shrubs, which give some privacy 3. has checked
to our backyard.
2. We have planted a hedge, which gives some privacy to PRACTICE 5, page 246
our backyard.
1. had promised 4. had intended
3. Rhoda dislikes all foods that are good for her.
2. had struggled 5. had invited
4. Rhoda dislikes all food that is good for her. 3. had asked
5. The soles of my shoes, which were covered with mud,
left black footprints on the sidewalk. PRACTICE 6, page 247
6. The sole of my right shoe, which was covered with mud, 1. will have completed 4. will have hired
left black footprints on the sidewalk. 2. will have attended 5. will have designed
7. Lenny plays basketball with a man who is twice his age. 3. will have finished
8. Lenny plays basketball with men who are twice his age.
9. My niece’s favorite playmate is a little girl who speaks no PRACTICE 7, page 248
English.
1. is playing 4. am practicing
10. My niece’s favorite playmates are two little girls who
2. is beeping 5. are pacing
speak no English.
3. are blooming

1. needs 6. are 1. was playing 4. was practicing
2. are 7. hurry 2. was beeping 5. were pacing
3. itches 8. like 3. was blooming
4. gets 9. are
5. were 10. knows
1. will be playing 4. will be practicing
TEST 2, page 241 2. will be beeping 5. will be pacing
1. are 6. have 3. will be blooming
2. were 7. were
3. plays 8. are PRACTICE 10, page 249
4. is 9. makes 1. is 4. are
5. was 10. was 2. were 5. were
3. was
41
A. 1. soars C. 8. will blossom 1. was named My brother named the cat Leo.
2. listen 9. will stand 2. is played Children all over the world play soccer.
3. thinks 10. will wear 3. was prepared Sean prepared the book report hastily.
4. were pushed The gym teacher pushed around some
B. 4. scratched
students.
5. arrived
5. are printed The computer prints shipping labels quickly.
6. floated
6. was constructed Some robins constructed a nest in our
7. struggled
mailbox.
7. was invented An American invented the alarm clock.
8. was closed The health inspector closed the pizza restaurant.
TEST 2, page 252
9. was used Jana used our telephone for a long-distance call
A. 1. have washed C. 8. will have worked without permission.
2. have learned 9. will have interviewed 10. was consumed Spiders consume many annoying insects, such
3. has gained 10. will have watched as mosquitoes.
4. have noticed
B. 5. had argued PRACTICE 4, pages 257–258
6. had warned 1. decided 6. plays
7. had managed 2. greeted 7. attend
3. makes 8. watered
4. laughed 9. pulls
5. wish 10. pounded
26 Even More about Verbs
TEST 1, page 259
PRACTICE 1, pages 253–254 A. 1. ended
1. crashed . . . and ends with the death of half the characters.
. . . lost her balance and crashes to the ice with a thud. 2. worked
2. heat So he works for two years after high-school graduation.

. . . Workers there heated the milk at high temperatures. 3. watched
3. picked He also watches traffic at the intersection . . .
. . . She picks up her kitten and her purse. 4. play
4. crossed We sing, played card games, and do craft projects.
But at night, they often cross “enemy” lines . . .
5. prepared B. 5. Sidney baked that delicious chocolate cake.

To save money, she prepares picnic lunches for her visits. 6. Our neighbors play rock music at top volume.
6. fertilizes 7. Clarita earned the highest score on the test.
. . . While Tony digs out weeds, Lola fertilized plants and C. 8. looked
flowers. 9. wears
7. delivers 10. played
. . . Then he delivered the cards to the art department . . .
8. surged TEST 2, page 260

. . . But when a large wave from another boat surges by . . .
A. 1. sprayed
9. stays
. . . Before we could protest, she sprays a cloud of
. . . She stayed there for hours feeling sorry for herself.
musky-smelling perfume in our direction.
10. disappeared
2. delivered
. . . Then, just before the waitress brought the check, he
. . . She delivers pizzas every night of the week.
disappears.
3. appear
. . . Then tiny green apples appeared.

4. included
1. A calls 6. P was headed
The menu includes duck, goose, seafood, and eels.
2. P is consumed 7. A cheered
3. A bite 8. P were delayed B. 5. A taxi driver provided directions to the hotel.
4. A counted 9. A provide 6. The children always cleared the dinner table.
5. P was rushed 10. P were painted 7. Cars and factories cause much air pollution.
C. 8. makes
9. traded
10. knows
42
27 More about Run-Ons and 28 More about Commas
Comma Splices
PRACTICE 1, page 261 1. Penguins’ wings, which are short and thick, are not
1. Dogs run in packs; cats are more solitary animals. designed for flight.
2. The stack of books was too high; it fell with a crash. 2. King Arthur, according to legend, will return some day to
3. I peered through the front-door peephole; a strange man rule Britain.
was standing outside. 3. Our basketball coach, it is rumored, is about to be fired.
4. Steve drank the hot coffee too quickly; the top of his
4. The woman who sat in front of me at the concert was
mouth felt burned.

wearing strong perfume.
5. The auditorium was packed with angry people; the

5. Grandfather likes to joke that his hometown, which has
meeting would be an ugly one.
only one traffic light and two gas stations, could be
missed if a traveler blinked.
1. I don’t usually like desserts; however, this pumpkin pie is PRACTICE 2, page 266
delicious. Answers will vary.
2. Our dog barks all the time; as a result, the landlord has 1. Lisa, who is my best friend, always has time to listen to
refused to renew our lease. my problems.
3. The house needs a new septic system; in addition, it
2. Frozen yogurt, which is my favorite snack, is low in calories.
should have a new roof.
3. Dolores, wearing an all-white outfit, posed at the top of
4. I almost never write to my brother; however, I call him the stairs.
several times a month.
5. You should eat a good breakfast; otherwise, you’ll be out PRACTICE 3, page 267
of energy before noon. 1. Why are you studying so late, Kimberly?
2. Well, look who’s coming in our direction.
TEST 1, page 263 3. My sister lives at 2 Dog Lane, Canine, SC 09999.
1. The cat slept on the windowsill; she was wrapped in
4. It’s about time that you woke up, sleepy head, and got out
warm sunlight.
of bed.
2. Larry is not a good babysitter; he treats his little brother 5. San Franciscans were surprised on the morning of April 18,
like an insect. 1906, by a major earthquake.
3. The wind knocked over a ladder; the ladder then broke a
window. PRACTICE 4, page 268
4. We decided to leave the restaurant; the food was too
1. Answers will vary.
expensive.
2. Answers will vary.
5. The hammer and saw began to rust; they had been left out 3. Susan, Sincerely,
in the rain.
TEST 1, page 269
TEST 2, page 264 1. opinion, Jesse,
1. Lorenzo is colorblind; as a result, his wife lays out his 2. ivy, . . . America,
clothes every morning. 3. 12, 1861,
2. The weatherman predicted a sunny day; however, it is 4. Hey,
cold and cloudy. 5. Oh,
3. The engine has cooled; therefore, you can add more water 6. important, . . . members,
to the radiator. 7. House, 1900 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, DC
4. These raisin cookies are delicious; nevertheless, I can’t 8. is, . . . Honor,
eat another one. 9. child, . . . shoulders,
5. The floor must be swept and mopped; in addition, the 10. models, . . . unfriendly,
carpets must be vacuumed.
43
TEST 2, page 270 5. Studies, meaning “more than one study”
1. b I’m sorry, sir, but the diner is now closing. room’s, meaning “belonging to the room”
2. b This coffee shop, my friends, is a non-smoking area. affects—a verb
3. c I’m already planning my fiftieth birthday party for moods, meaning “more than one mood”
Friday, March 6, 2035, at Disney World.

4. b No, you may not have a third piece of chocolate cake.
5. a The campers, unused to the silence of the forest,
1. their they’re 4. It’s its
found it hard to sleep.
2. your you’re 5. hers ours
6. c Eric jokingly gave his address as 25 Main Street,
3. Whose who’s
Elmhurst, Illinois, North America, Planet Earth.
7. c Our final exam will be given on Wednesday, June 2. TEST 1, page 275
8. b Yes, I have dated both Louise and her sister. 1. Susan’s 6. he’s
9. a Diamonds, the most expensive jewels on Earth, are 2. we’ll 7. bride’s
3. landlord’s 8. keyboard’s
closely related to lumps of coal.
4. haven’t 9. person’s
10. c Many visitors take the tour of the NBC Studios at
5. Saturday’s 10. weren’t
3000 Alameda Avenue, Burbank, California.
TEST 2, page 276

1. didn’t 6. flashlight’s
2. Jane’s 7. doesn’t
29 More about Apostrophes 3. artist’s 8. I’ll
4. we’re 9. brothers’
PRACTICE 1, page 271 5. Florida’s 10. movie’s
1. Randy Randy’s bike
2. cat cat’s purr
3. neighbor neighbor’s temper
4. story story’s ending 30 More about Quotation Marks
5. museum museum’s mummy
PRACTICE 2, page 272 1. “The wait for a table,” said the restaurant hostess, “will
be about forty minutes.”
1. mother’s white rug
2. “I don’t mind if you borrow my new sweater,” said my
2. Vietnam’s climate
sister, “but I don’t expect to find it rolled up in a ball
3. gorilla’s diet
under your bed.”
4. photographer’s camera
3. The newspaper editor said to the new reporter, “I’m sorry
5. bride’s wedding dress
to have to tell you this. I can’t use the article that you
spent two weeks writing.”
4. “Why don’t you go to the video store,” suggested Sara,
Answers will vary.
“and pick up a movie for us to watch tonight.”
5. “Our math teacher is unfair,” complained James. “He
PRACTICE 4, page 272 assigns four hours of homework for each class. Does he
1. bass’s think we have nothing else to do?”
2. lions’
3. Otis’s PRACTICE 2, pages 278–279
4. twins’ 1. The child asked, “Is the Milky Way candy bar really full
5. Olsons’ of milk?”
2. My sister said, “I will help do the report if I can wear
PRACTICE 5, pages 273–274 your new blouse.”
1. prince’s, meaning “belonging to the prince”
3. The bookstore manager grumbled, “I can’t take back
rescues—a verb
books with writing in them.”
dragons, meaning “more than one dragon”
4. The teacher warned us, “A surprise quiz is coming soon.”
2. chocolates, meaning “more than one chocolate”
5. The officer asked me, “Are you lost?”
mother’s, meaning “belonging to my mother”
3. takes—a verb
minutes, meaning “more than one minute”
sun’s, meaning “belonging to the sun”

1. The chapter titled “Extrasensory Perception” in the
4. curtains, meaning “more than one curtain”
textbook Psychology Today says there is no evidence that
lilacs, meaning “more than one lilac”
ESP actually exists.
room’s, meaning “belonging to the room”
2. The article “Policing the Police” in Newsweek magazine
is about good cops who go bad.
44
3. The beloved song “Over the Rainbow” was first heard in 31 More about Homonyms
the movie The Wizard of Oz.
4. The editor of the Daily Tribune has received many letters

OTHER HOMONYMS, pages 282–283
supporting and opposing her editorial “Let’s Ban Proms
buy / by
in Schools.”
1. buy 4. by
2. by 5. buy
TEST 1, page 280 3. by
1. “Somebody has stuck gum all over my computer
keyboard,” Coco said angrily. passed / past
2. “One lucky caller wins a trip to Disneyland,” the radio 1. passed 4. passed
announcer promised. 2. past 5. past
3. “I bought a truck,” Julie stated, “because I sit higher and 3. passed
feel safer.”
4. “When you see me next,” laughed the brunette, “I’ll be a principal / principle
blonde.” 1. principal 4. principal
5. The racecar driver said he wanted a quart of milk waiting 2. principle 5. principle
for him at the finish line. 3. principal
6. “More Children Alone” is the title of a recent article in

the New York Times. OTHER CONFUSING WORDS, pages 283–286
7. An hour after lunch, Rudy said, “I’m starving. I hope a / an
dinner will be ready soon.” 1. An 4. a
8. The park ranger said, “Watch out for ticks.” 2. a 5. an

9. “I need to move back home,” said Wally to his parents. 3. an
10. The Monopoly card that I drew said, “Do not pass Go.
Do not collect $200.” accept / except
1. accept 4. except
TEST 2, page 281 2. except 5. accept
3. accept
1. Our coach said to us, “I received some wonderful news this
morning.” advice / advise
2. “What If a Comet Hits the Earth?” is the title of a recent 1. advise 4. advice
article in Time magazine. 2. advice 5. advice
3. “Aren’t you going to do the dishes? It’s your turn,” my 3. advise
brother reminded me.
4. No quotation marks needed. affect / effect

5. Abraham Lincoln said, “When I do good, I feel good. 1. affect
4. effect
When I do bad, I feel bad. And that’s my religion.” 2. effect 5. affect
3. affect
6. “Sleet has made the roads very icy,” the TV announcer
warned. “If you don’t need to go out, stay home.” desert / dessert
7. A poem by Shel Silverstein begins with the words, “I am 1. dessert 4. dessert

writing these poems from inside a lion.” 2. desert 5. desert
8. “This vacation was lots of fun,” said the woman, “but after 3. desert
all of this sightseeing, I’m going to need a vacation from
my vacation.” fewer / less
9. “If you have finished complaining,” my father said quietly, 1. fewer 4. less
“you may go clean your room now.” 2. less 5. fewer
10. The handmade poster had a photograph of a cocker spaniel 3. fewer
and the words, “Curly has been missing since Sunday
night. Please call us if you’ve seen him.” loose / lose
1. lose 4. lose
2. loose 5. loose
3. lose
quiet / quite / quit

1. quite 4. quit
2. quiet 5. quiet
3. quite
45
than / then ANSWERS TO THE PRACTICES
1. then 4. then AND TESTS: PART THREE
2. than 5. than
3. then
33 Proofreading
use / used (to)
1. used 4. used PRACTICE 1, pages 297–298
2. use 5. used 1. That bookcase is too heavy on top, so it could fall over.
3. use 2. He announced that he had solved the mystery and would
were / we’re soon reveal the name of the murderer.
1. were 4. we’re 3. It belonged to my great-grandfather; he brought it to the
2. We’re 5. were
United States from Norway.
3. were
4. Before you leave the house, please close all the windows
TEST 1, page 287 in case it rains.
5. Midori is from Taiwan. She uses the English name
1. by . . . used 6. passed . . . quiet
Shirley, which is easier for her American friends to say.
2. advice . . . accept 7. we’re . . . an
6. Whales are always sighted there at a certain time of the
3. principal . . . quit 8. principle . . . a
year.
4. effects . . . lose 9. lose . . . than
7. Because it is on a lake in the mountains, we can swim,
5. less . . . fewer 10. used . . . than
fish, and sunbathe there.
8. Rosalie went to the beauty parlor on Friday to get her
TEST 2, page 288
long hair trimmed just a little.
1. we’re . . . an 6. quite . . . effects 9. Every bit of dirt or spilled food shows on the white
2. desert . . . peace 7. fewer . . . past surface and is nearly impossible to get rid of.
3. advice . . . lose 8. quit . . . lose 10. That waiter is quick and hard-working, but he is not
4. then . . . dessert 9. advise . . . accept friendly with customers.
5. we’re . . . loose 10. principal . . . than
1. swam 6. answered
32 More about Capital Letters 2. wear 7. are
3. did 8. slept
TEST 1, page 291 4. grew 9. is
1. Sir . . . Aunt 6. Grandma . . . Valley 5. is 10. claims
2. History . . . NAACP 7. Aunt . . . With
3. War . . . VFW 8. Sons . . . Italy PRACTICE 3, pages 299–300
4. Dark . . . Ages 9. Townsend . . . AOL 1. sauce, 6. summer
5. Baptist . . . Italian 10. League . . . Grandma 2. Bob’s 7. doesn’t
3. yelled, 8. character,
TEST 2, page 292 4. Chicago 9. watermelons
5. “Please . . . Tom,” 10. question,” . . . June. “I
1. Asian . . . Buddhist 6. H . . . Vietnamese
2. March . . . Washington 7. Sir . . . Sincerely
3. Social . . . Issues 8. Italian . . . Renaissance
1. telephones 6. speaks
4. Mom . . . Gettysburg 9. Jewish . . . Chemistry 2. looks 7. closes
5. Uncle . . . CIA 10. Great . . . Depression 3. jokes 8. grows
4. barns 9. cans
5. makes 10. freckles

1. pieces of this puzzle
2. forget to buy bread.
3. Some of the programs
4. great with the black pants.
5. winning a prize in the contest.
6. piano and the bass guitar.
7. Sandra became tired climbing up the steep hill.
8. surprised by the school principal’s announcement.
9. coffee with cream or just sugar?
10. hard to pay attention to a boring speaker.
46
PRACTICE 6, pages 301–302
TEST 4, page 306
1. to too Corrections may vary.
2. you’re your 1. Fragment corrected (word groups 8–9)
3. who’s whose . . . across the tops of the waves as they rolled toward us.
4. your you’re 2. Comma splice corrected (word group 6)
5. it’s its A gentle rain began to fall, and we could see lightning ...
6. their they’re 3. Missing capital letter corrected (word group 1)
7. too two rica Rica
8. they’re their 4. Missing apostrophe corrected (word group 10)
9. its it’s oceans ocean’s
10. past passed 5. Verb mistake corrected (word group 4)
are is
1. english course English courses TEST 5, page 307
2. Donnas dog, it Donna’s dog. It Corrections may vary.
3. on deserted on the deserted 1. Fragment corrected (word groups 1–2)
4. take takes wear where . . . at the Philadelphia Zoo, it was an exciting event.
5. on. All on, all blink, and the 2. Run-on sentence corrected (word group 3)
. . . of their kind in North America. They soon became . . .
34 Ten Proofreading Tests 3. Missing comma corrected (word group 10)
. . . are female, the zoo is . . .
TEST 1, page 303 4. Missing apostrophe corrected (word group 8)

Corrections may vary. Its It’s
1. Missing apostrophe corrected (word group 3) 5. Verb mistake corrected (word group 7)
alligator’s make makes
2. Fragment corrected (word group 4–5)
When an alligator’s mouth is shut, you can see . . . TEST 6, page 308
3. Missing word corrected (word group 6)
Corrections may vary.
with a crocodile
1. Run-on sentence corrected (word group 8)
4. Missing comma corrected (word group 8) . . . didn’t answer her question. He just made choking . . .
dangerous, they 2. Missing -s ending corrected (word group 8)
5. Verb mistake corrected (word group 8) . . . made choking sounds . . .
does do 3. Capital letter mistake corrected (word group 3)
pepsi Pepsi
TEST 2, page 304 4. Missing quotation mark corrected (word group 7)
Corrections may vary. “What are you going to try first?”
1. Comma splice corrected (word group 3) 5. Verb mistake corrected (word group 5)
. . . throws away old socks; she uses them as dust rags. nibbles nibbled
2-3. Verb mistakes corrected (word group 4, 9)
wash washes
TEST 7, page 309
becomes become

1-2. Fragments corrected (word groups 3–4, 6–7)
wrap the next gift

. . . routine tasks such as getting dressed . . .
5. Homonym mistake corrected (word group 10) . . . common behavior, especially among children.
where wear 3-4. Comma splices corrected (word groups 1, 9)
. . . generally act like zombies; they stagger along . . .
TEST 3, page 305 . . . just a few times. Then the sleepwalking stops forever.
5-6. Missing apostrophes corrected (word groups 2, 10)
1-2. Fragments corrected (word groups 5-6, 7-8)
youve you’ve doctor doctor’s
. . . walked for a long time hoping to meet some of the
7. Missing comma corrected (word group 10)
kids who lived near us.

. . . frequent problem, the sleepwalker
. . . got tired and hungry and turned to go back home.
3. Comma splice corrected (word group 14)

. . . back to bed . . .
. . . embarrassed to ask for help. Then I spotted my

9. Homonym mistake corrected (word group 5)
family’s car parked outside our house.
there their
4. Missing quotation mark corrected (word group 4)
10. Verb mistake corrected (word group 13)
As I left, my mother told me, “Don’t get lost.”
be is
5. Homonym mistake corrected (word group 11)
new knew
47
TEST 8, page 310 ANSWERS TO THE PRACTICES
Corrections may vary. AND TESTS: PART FOUR
1. Missing capital letter corrected (word group 3)
mr. Jones Mr. Jones 35 Spelling Improvement
2-3. Verb mistakes corrected (word groups 3, 7)
rebels rebel
changed change
1. develop 11. awkward
4-5. Missing apostrophes corrected (word groups 1, 7) 2. different 12. photography
Orwells Orwell’s
3. certain 13. assemble
societys society’s
4. cheerful 14. season
6-7. Homonym mistakes corrected (word groups 5, 7) 5. surgery 15. dependent
piece peace
6. schedule 16. terrible
7. phony 17. design
they’re their
8. comfortable 18. release
8-9. Comma splices corrected (word groups 4, 9) 9. mayor 19. function
. . . from the farm, and they take control of it themselves. 10. payment 20. author
. . . simply as a story, or you can also read it as a . . .
10. Missing comma corrected (word group 8)
. . . the book ends, the pigs are almost identical . . .
A. 1. deceive 6. priest
2. believe 7. cashier
TEST 9, page 311 3. brief 8. weigh
4. freight 9. piece
5. ceiling 10. reindeer
1-2. Fragments corrected (word groups 7–8, 9–10)
. . . assortment of colors, including green with yellow . . . B. 11. received 16. reign
. . . a Seattle garden, it can clean out a lettuce crop . . . 12. neighborhood 17. achieve
3. Run-on sentence corrected (word group 13) 13. belief 18. foreign
. . . sprinkle the slugs with salt because the salted slugs ... 14. leisure 19. eighty
15. yield 20. thief
4. Comma splice corrected (word group 19)
. . . and around Seattle. They are for people who . . . PRACTICE 3, page 318
5-6. Missing commas corrected (word groups 3, 7)
A. 1. abusing B. 7. sincerely
. . . theater companies, an opera company . . .
2. hoped 8. peaceful
. . . inches in length, and they come in a rainbow . . .
3. having 9. advancement
7. Missing apostrophe corrected (word group 6) 4. desirable 10. noiseless
dont don’t 5. ridiculous 11. largeness
8. Missing capital letter corrected (word group 17) 6. sincerity 12. graceful
elma Elma 13. barely
9-10. Verb mistakes corrected (word groups 11, 17) C. 14. writing
thinked thought
15. careful
has have
16. safely
17. hired
TEST 10, page 312 18. serving
19. noticeable
Corrections may vary. 20. excitement
1. Fragment corrected (word groups 13–14)
. . . an hour at the computer and completely forgotten . . . PRACTICE 4, page 319
2. Run-on sentence corrected (word group 12) A. 1. relied 6. plentiful
. . . the Internet can be habit-forming. You may find it . . . 2. holiness 7. laziness
3. Missing capital letter corrected (word group 11) 3. playful 8. flying
dracula Dracula 4. crying 9. angrily
4-6. Missing commas corrected (word groups 2, 13) 5. cried 10. betrayed
. . . ever wondered, for instance, what that little bump . . . B. 11. staying stayed
Before you know it, you have spent an hour . . . 12. busiest busily
7–8. Missing apostrophes corrected (word group 5, 7) 13. sillier silliness
youve you’ve
14. employed employer
dont don’t
15. burying buried
9. Verb mistake corrected (word group 10) 16. drying dried
eats eat 17. happily happier
18. funnier funniest
10. Homonym mistake corrected (word group 1) 19. satisfying satisfied
hole whole 20. annoyed annoyance
48
PRACTICE 5, pages 320–321 FINAL PRACTICE 2, page 324
A. 1. CVC jogged jogging A. 1. conceive B. 6. coming

2. VCC learned learning 2. field 7. careless
3. CVC slammed slamming 3. sobriety 8. desirable
4. CVC wrapped wrapping 4. vein 9. accurately
5. VVC rained raining 5. chief 10. choosing
6. CVC dotted dotting
7. VVC flooded flooding C. 11. replied D. 16. barking
8. CVC begged begging 12. praying 17. robber
9. CVC clipped clipping 13. carried 18. committed
10. VCC burned burning 14. glorious 19. mopped
15. studied 20. referring
B. 11. CVC expelled expelling
E. 21. cities
12. VCC performed performing
22. branches
13. CVC entered entering 23. subways
14. CVC omitted omitting 24. dresses
15. CVC murdered murdering 25. puppies
16. CVC preferred preferring
17. CVC occurred occurring
18. VVC explained explaining 36 Parts of Speech
19. CVC submitted submitting
20. CVC reasoned reasoning
PRACTICE 6, page 322 Answers will vary.
1. bushes 6. crashes 1. jacket
2. Randall
2. mixes 7. boxes
3. paper
3. pitches 8. watches 4. baseball
4. glasses 9. shines 5. job
5. carpets 10. businesses
PRACTICE 7, page 322 1. bats heads children
1. armies 6. varieties 2. artist paint sleeve
2. tries 7. chimneys 3. dog fleas leg
3. trays 8. babies 4. Gwen homework ink
4. hurries 9. journeys 5. farmers seeds moonlight
5. attorneys 10. sympathies
FINAL PRACTICE 1, page 323 1. He it
A. 1. grief B. 6. timed 2. They her
2. deceive 7. timely 3. They their
3. neighbor 8. hopeful 4. He (or She) them
4. friend 9. famous 5. she it
5. relieve 10. changing
C. 11. fried D. 16. dropping Answers will vary.
12. easily 17. padding
13. stayed 18. preferred 1. cut 4. called
14. dutiful 19. jumper 2. sleep 5. graded
15. loneliness 20. saddest 3. asked
E. 21. boxes PRACTICE 5, page 330

22. enemies 1. were 4. is
23. countries 2. am 5. feel
24. valleys 3. look
25. porches
1. should 4. has been
2. could 5. does
3. must
49
1. with 4. of 1. a. 3 b. first
2. in 5. by 2. a. 5 b. third
3. Without 3. a. 3 b. second
4. a. 4 b. third
1. large hungry PRACTICE 5, page 342
2. old worn 1. first
3. dark lonely 2. 3
4. wilted overripe 3. 1
5. slight sore 4. short
5. difficult to alleviate or cure
PRACTICE 9, page 334 6. 4
1. quickly 7. first
8. short
2. carefully slowly
9. single; sole
3. softly 10. happening or done alone
4. happily
5. rarely very

1. or
2. but
3. so
4. and
5. nor

1. because
2. When
3. Even though
4. Before
5. until
37 Dictionary Use
1. g u a r / a n / t e e 3 syllables
2. m o l / e / c u l e 3 syllables
3. v o / c a b / u / l a r / y 5 syllables
4. c a u / l i / f l o w / e r 4 syllables

1. a
2. b
3. b
4. a

1. rµ-l∫k' t®nt
2. h≤m' µ-s∆d
3. µk-str√v' ®-g®nt
4. y-n√n' ®-m®s
50
TEST BANK
This section contains two tests each for chapters 1–14 and 16–32 in English Essentials.
Instructors whose students are using English Essentials in class have permission
to reproduce any of these tests as often as needed on a photocopying machine.
The answer key for the Test Bank is on pages 114–122.
51
Name _____________________________________________________________ Section _____________________ Date ___________________
Score (Number right)__________ x 10 = ________________%
Subjects and Verbs: TEST 1

For each sentence, cross out any prepositional phrases. Then underline the subject once and the verb
twice. Remember to include any helping verb(s).
1. The trapped bee buzzed angrily against the window screen.
2. Elaine’s earrings glittered in the bright morning sun.
3. The milk in that pitcher has turned sour.
4. Before the test, several students reviewed their notes in the hallway.
5. In the middle of the night, mice scurry behind the walls of my apartment.
6. The children in the downstairs apartment are incredibly noisy.
7. In spite of the cold weather, Ivan was jogging in shorts and a t-shirt.
8. Heavy black smoke is pouring from the burning building.
9. During the scariest part of the movie, the cat jumped onto my shoulder.
10. A giant mall will be built across the street from our house.
52
Subjects and Verbs: TEST 2

Read the sentences below. Then, in the space provided, write the letter of the correct answer to each
question.
● Nobody in our family likes anchovies on pizza.

_____ 1. In the sentence above, the subject is
a. nobody. b. family. c. pizza.
_____ 2. In the sentence above, the verb is

a. in. b. likes. c. on.
● The ring on Leslie’s right hand was a gift from her boyfriend.
a. ring. b. Leslie’s. c. hand.

a. on. b. was. c. gift.
● The donuts in the bakery window looked old and stale.

a. donuts. b. window. c. looked.

a. bakery. b. looked. c. old.
● The annoying man at the next table talked loudly throughout dinner.
a. annoying. b. man. c. table.

a. at. b. talked. c. loudly.
● According to this article, the electric chair was invented by a dentist.

a. article. b. electric. c. chair.
_____10. In the sentence above, the verb is

a. according. b. was invented. c. invented.
53
Irregular Verbs: TEST 1

Each of the items below contains two errors in irregular verbs. Find the errors and cross them out. Then,
in the spaces provided, write the correct forms of the verbs.
1. The first time I hosted a Super Bowl party, I spended a lot of money on snacks and sodas. But this
year, each of my friends bringed something to eat or drink. Everybody had fun, and nobody ended
up spending very much.
a. _____________
b. _____________
2. Jerry paid for his magazine with a twenty-dollar bill, but the cashier gave him change for a ten.
When he complained, she telled him he was mistaken. He went home and writed an angry letter
to her boss.
a. _____________
b. _____________
3. When Mr. London hired a neighborhood boy to rake leaves, he done such a good job that there
wasn’t a leaf left in sight. Mr. London was so pleased he gived him a bonus.
a. _____________
b. _____________
4. Last month, the manager hided three security cameras in the store. Four shoplifters have already
been catched as a result.
a. _____________
b. _____________
5. Aaron’s roommate taked Aaron’s camera to the beach without permission. Then he breaked the
camera by dropping it on a rock. Aaron is looking for a new roommate.
a. _____________
b. _____________
54
Name _____________________________________________________________ Section ____________________ Date _____________________
Score: (Number right) ____________ x 10 = _______________%
Irregular Verbs: TEST 2

Read each sentence below. Then choose the correct verb, fill in the blank, and write the letter of your
choice in the space provided in the margin.
_____ 1. Within ten minutes of walking in the front door, my brother and his friends had
________________ everything in the refrigerator.
a. eat b. eaten c. eated d. ate
_____ 2. The angry cook said, “I quit,” took off his apron, and _______________the restaurant.
a. lefted b. leaved c. left d. leave
_____ 3. As she walked through the employee lunchroom, the candidate for mayor _____________
hands with every single person there.
a. shake b. shaked c. shook d. shaken
_____ 4. Emily became so nervous during her job interview that she ______________ her own
phone number.
a. forget b. forgotten c. forgotted d. forgot
_____ 5. Our neighbor’s tiny daughter has _________________ up to be nearly six feet tall, and a
champion volleyball player.
a. grew b. grown c. growed d. grewed
_____ 6. By the time she was ten, my grandmother ________________ how to speak Russian,
Polish, Yiddish, and English.
a. know b. knowed c. known d. knew
_____ 7. For his special birthday dinner, Charles _________________ a T-bone steak with
mushrooms, baked potato, green beans, and a slice of “Death by Chocolate” cake.
a. chose b. chosen c. chosed d. choosed
_____ 8. When Mrs. Anthony retired after teaching school for forty years, more than two hundred
former students ________________ to her farewell party.
a. comed b. camed c. come d. came
_____ 9. After the break-in, police interviewed people in the neighborhood and asked if they had
___________________ or heard anything suspicious.
a. seen b. saw c. seed d. see
_____ 10. Dad searched for his glasses for half an hour, before he _______________ them resting
on top of his head.
a. find b. finded c. found d. founded
55
Subject-Verb Agreement: TEST 1

For each sentence, fill in the correct form of the missing verb.
is, are 1. This firewood _______________ too damp to burn well.
has, have 2. Many Siamese cats _______________ blue eyes.
taste, tastes 3. Alligator meat and rattlesnake meat _______________ like chicken.
produce, produces 4. Florida and California ______________ more oranges than any other states.
closes, close 5. The shops in our small town ______________ at 6 p.m.
require, requires 6. Plants that live in the desert ______________ very little water.
fill, fills 7. The light from the blazing fireplace ______________ the dining room.
argue, argues 8. The neighbors in the upstairs apartment ______________ loudly almost
every night.
keep, keeps 9. The price of digital cameras and computers ______________ dropping.
rank, ranks 10. Disneyland and Niagara Falls ______________ as two of the most popular
honeymoon sites.
56
Subject-Verb Agreement: TEST 2

Read each sentence below. Then choose the correct verb, fill in the blank, and write the letter of your
choice in the space provided in the margin.
______ 1. Poodles are dogs that are often misunderstood. People who have never owned a poodle
_________________ that they are all pampered pets with weird haircuts.
a. think b. thinks
______ 2. In fact, poodles _________________ intelligent, athletic dogs. They were originally
bred to retrieve ducks for hunters.
a. are b. is
______ 3. The United States and other countries _________________ some pretty silly laws, even
though they are rarely or never enforced.
a. has b. have
______ 4. For instance, in Alaska it is illegal to push a live moose out of a moving airplane. In
France, farmers who name their pigs Napoleon _________________ being arrested.
a. risk b. risks
______ 5. You and I ________________ nearly every day. Here are two odd facts about sneezing.
a. sneeze b. sneezes
______ 6. When you sneeze, air _________________ through your nose at 100 miles per hour.
It’s impossible to sneeze with your eyes open.
a. rush b. rushes
______ 7. Animals performing in a circus never _________________ very happy to me. I always
wonder what their lives are like.
a. look b. looks
______ 8. Lions and tigers and elephants _________________ in the wild, not living in cages and
being forced to do tricks.
a. belong b. belongs
______ 9. Why do some combinations of food just not work? For instance, peanut butter
sandwiches and tuna fish sandwiches both _________________ good.
a. tastes b. taste
______ 10. But a sandwich containing both tuna fish and peanut butter ________________
disgusting.
a. sound b. sounds
57
Sentence Types: TEST 1

A. Use a comma and a suitable joining word to combine the following pairs of simple sentences into
compound sentences. Choose from and (which means in addition), but (which means however),
or so (which means as a result).
1. Frankenstein’s monster was tall and strong. He wasn’t very handsome.

_________________________________________________________________________
2. When Calista wrote her paper, she was in a rush. It didn’t turn out well.
_________________________________________________________________________
3. Garnets are the birthstone for January. February’s birthstone is the amethyst.
_________________________________________________________________________
4. The hikers knew it would be a hot day. They took plenty of water along.
_________________________________________________________________________
5. I don’t usually like horror movies. I enjoyed Alien.
_________________________________________________________________________
B. Use a suitable dependent word to combine the following pairs of simple sentences into complex
sentences. Choose from although, because, since, and when. Place a comma after a dependent
statement when it starts a sentence.
6. The African rock hyrax weighs only 10 pounds. It is the elephant’s closest relative.
_________________________________________________________________________
7. Model T cars were introduced. All of them were black.
_________________________________________________________________________
8. It was a very quiet party. Three of the guests weren’t speaking to each other.
_________________________________________________________________________
9. The cousins lived a thousand miles apart. They had never met each other.
_________________________________________________________________________
10. The Beatles split up in 1970. Their albums still sell very well.
_________________________________________________________________________
58
Sentence Types: TEST 2

In the space provided, write the letter of the combined sentence that reads most smoothly, clearly, and
logically.
____ 1. a. The children were hungry, so their mother made them a snack.
b. Although the children were hungry, their mother made them a snack.
c. The children were hungry, but their mother made them a snack.
____ 2. a. The test was over, but some students went out to celebrate.
b. After the test was over, some students went out to celebrate.
c. Until the test was over, some students went out to celebrate.
____ 3. a. Because canaries sing so beautifully, they are popular pets.
b. Canaries sing so beautifully, and they are popular pets.
c. Canaries sing so beautifully, but they are popular pets.
____ 4. a. My brother was a little boy, so he called spaghetti “pasghetti.”

b. When my brother was a little boy, he called spaghetti “pasghetti.”
c. Until my brother was a little boy, he called spaghetti “pasghetti.”
____ 5. a. Although the temperature was over 90 degrees, Vern wore a heavy sweater.
b. The temperature was over 90 degrees, so Vern wore a heavy sweater.
c. The temperature was over 90 degrees, and Vern wore a heavy sweater.
____ 6. a. Grandma looks small and fragile, but she is strong as a horse.
b. Grandma looks small and fragile, and she is strong as a horse.
c. When Grandma looks small and fragile, she is strong as a horse.
____ 7. a. The dishes are washed, so no one is leaving this kitchen.

b. The dishes are washed, and no one is leaving this kitchen.
c. Until the dishes are washed, no one is leaving this kitchen.
____ 8. a. Alan is limping badly because he twisted his ankle playing basketball.
b. Because Alan is limping badly, he twisted his ankle playing basketball.
c. Alan is limping badly, and he twisted his ankle playing basketball.
____ 9. a. The neighbors’ house was under construction, we had to shut our windows to keep out
the dust.
b. While the neighbors’ house was under construction, we had to shut our windows to keep
out the dust.
c. Although the neighbors’ house was under construction, we had to shut our windows to
keep out the dust.
____ 10. a. You are mixing the cookie dough, turn on the oven to preheat.
b. You are mixing the cookie dough, and turn on the oven to preheat.
c. While you are mixing the cookie dough, turn on the oven to preheat.
59
Fragments I: TEST 1
Underline the dependent-word fragment in each of the following items. Then correct it in the space
provided. Add a comma after a dependent-word group that begins a sentence.
1. Louis Braille invented a writing system for the blind. After he lost his sight at an early age.
__________________________________________________________________________
2. The plumber said he’d come over to fix our kitchen sink. When he had time.
__________________________________________________________________________
3. Even though the cupboards were full. The children complained there was nothing to eat.
__________________________________________________________________________
4. The woman behind me announced the identity of the killer. Before the movie started.
_________________________________________________________________________
5. The restaurant is located on Fairmount Avenue. Which is just three blocks from here.
__________________________________________________________________________
6. Whenever I smell Old Spice aftershave. I think of my grandfather.

__________________________________________________________________________
7. Young elephants stay with their mothers. Until they are about sixteen years old.
__________________________________________________________________________
8. The marching band plays. If the home team scores a touchdown.

__________________________________________________________________________
9. Don’t insult my cooking. Unless you want to cook for yourself.
__________________________________________________________________________
10. Because penguins have very short wings. They cannot fly.
__________________________________________________________________________
60
Fragments I: TEST 2
Read each group below. Then write the letter of the item that contains a fragment.
______ 1. a. After he’d shoved his dirty clothes under the bed, my brother said his room was clean.
My mother disagreed.
b. After he’d shoved his dirty clothes under the bed. My brother said his room was clean.
My mother disagreed.
c. My brother said his room was clean after he’d shoved his dirty clothes under the bed,
but my mother disagreed.
______ 2. a. Because her cell phone had gone dead, Maria borrowed mine. Then she took it home.
b. Maria borrowed my cell phone. Hers had gone dead. Then she took it home.
c. Maria borrowed my cell phone. Because hers had gone dead. Then she took it home.
______ 3. a. Even though oil was dripping from the car. The man selling it said it was in great shape.
He added, “Would I lie to you?”
b. The man selling the car said it was in great shape even though oil was dripping from it.
c. Even though oil was dripping from the car, the man selling it said it was in great shape.
______ 4. a. The cafeteria was known for serving mystery meat that no one could identify. It swam
in dark-brown gravy.
b. No one could identify the mystery meat the cafeteria was known for serving. It swam in
dark-brown gravy.
c. The cafeteria was known for serving mystery meat. That no one could identify. It swam
in dark-brown gravy.
______ 5. a. President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated. While he was watching a play. This
occurred in 1865.
b. In 1865, President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated. He was watching a play.
c. While President Abraham Lincoln was watching a play, he was assassinated. This
occurred in 1865.
61
Fragments II: TEST 1

Underline the fragment in each item that follows. Then correct the fragment in the space provided.
1. The man rushed after his stolen car. Yelling and waving his arms.
_________________________________________________________________________
2. There have been many ultra-popular fad toys. Such as Hula Hoops, Cabbage Patch Dolls, and
Furbys.
_________________________________________________________________________
3. Thomas Jefferson had many hobbies. Including architecture, writing, and playing the violin.
_________________________________________________________________________
4. In order to enter the school. You must have a student ID or a visitor’s pass.
_________________________________________________________________________
5. Shari said, “You can’t speak to me that way.” And left the room.
_________________________________________________________________________
6. To make a long story short. I quit my job.

_________________________________________________________________________
7. Hoping to get front-row seats. Fans lined up to buy concert tickets hours before they went on
sale.
_________________________________________________________________________
8. The baby laughed and cooed. At its own reflection in the mirror.
_________________________________________________________________________
9. Everyone in the family is mad at Jerry. Including the dog.

_________________________________________________________________________
10. Sitting down on the couch. Ray said, “We need to have a serious talk.”
_________________________________________________________________________
62
Fragments II: TEST 2

Read each group below. Then write the letter of the item in each group that contains a fragment.
______ 1. a. I had ice cream on my shopping list. But forgot to buy it. My family was not happy with
me.
b. I had ice cream on my shopping list, but forgot to buy it. My family was not happy with
me.
c. I had ice cream on my shopping list. But I forgot to buy it. My family was not happy
with me.
______ 2. a. A stranger came to our door to apologize for hitting our mailbox. He gave us money to
have it repaired.
b. A stranger came to our door. To apologize for hitting our mailbox. He gave us money
to have it repaired.
c. A stranger came to our door. He apologized for hitting our mailbox, and he gave us
money to have it repaired.
______ 3. a. The homeless man sleeping in a doorway looked cold and sick. Most people didn’t even
glance at him.
b. Sleeping in a doorway, the homeless man looked cold and sick. Most people didn’t even
glance at him.
c. Sleeping in a doorway. The homeless man looked cold and sick. Most people didn’t even
glance at him.
______ 4. a. The words meaning “father” are similar in many languages. For instance, “apa” in
Turkish, “aba” in Hebrew, and “ataata” in Eskimo. The English and Spanish word
“papa” seems related to these words.
b. The words meaning “father” are similar in many languages. For instance, “apa” in
Turkish, “aba” in Hebrew, and “ataata” in Eskimo all mean “father.” The English and
Spanish word “papa” seems related to these words.
c. The words meaning “father” are similar in many languages. For instance, the word for
“father” is “apa” in Turkish, “aba” in Hebrew, and “ataata” in Eskimo. The English and
Spanish word “papa” seems related to these words.
______ 5. a. To people who don’t know them well. The identical twins are impossible to tell apart.
But their friends notice subtle differences.
b. To people who don’t know them well, the identical twins are impossible to tell apart.
But their friends notice subtle differences.
c. The identical twins are impossible to tell apart to people who don’t know them well. But
their friends notice subtle differences.
63
Run-Ons and Comma Splices I: TEST 1

Put a line ( l) between the two complete thoughts in each of the following run-ons or comma splices.
Then rewrite the sentences, using either 1) a period and a capital letter or 2) a comma and a joining
word (and, but, or so).
1. This DVD player is supposed to be simple to use, I can’t figure it out.

__________________________________________________________________________
2. The theater manager made the noisy customer leave the other audience members applauded.
__________________________________________________________________________
3. Gino’s calculator broke he couldn’t solve the complicated problem.

__________________________________________________________________________
4. The wastebaskets are overflowing, the floor is covered with dirty laundry.
__________________________________________________________________________
5. I don’t know what my cousin wants for his birthday I’m giving him a gift certificate.
__________________________________________________________________________
6. The sky is dark and rainy, it’s a good day for a nap.
__________________________________________________________________________
7. Soccer is an enjoyable game it’s easy to learn to play.
__________________________________________________________________________
8. The sweater looked soft and cuddly it felt like sandpaper.
__________________________________________________________________________
9. Pearls are created by oysters, the pearls come in a range of colors.
__________________________________________________________________________
10. The macaroni and cheese was tasteless, Kelsey poured hot sauce all over it.
__________________________________________________________________________
64
Run-Ons and Comma Splices I: TEST 2

In each group below, one sentence is punctuated correctly. Write the letter of that sentence in the space
provided.
______ 1. a. Helena is a very pretty girl, she looks plain in photographs.

b. Helena is a very pretty girl, but she looks plain in photographs.
c. Helena is a very pretty girl she looks plain in photographs.
______ 2. a. The children walked along the edge of the creek. They looked for frogs and lizards.
b. The children walked along the edge of the creek, they looked for frogs and lizards.
c. The children walked along the edge of the creek they looked for frogs and lizards.
______ 3. a. His favorite cereal was on sale, so Tom bought six boxes.
b. His favorite cereal was on sale Tom bought six boxes.
c. His favorite cereal was on sale, Tom bought six boxes.
______ 4. a. The movie has a silly plot, it is at least an hour too long.
b. The movie has a silly plot, and it is at least an hour too long.
c. The movie has a silly plot it is at least an hour too long.
______ 5. a. A loud crash came from the kitchen, everyone looked up in alarm.
b. A loud crash came from the kitchen. Everyone looked up in alarm.
c. A loud crash came from the kitchen everyone looked up in alarm.
______ 6. a. Marisela’s parents are from Mexico, so she probably understands Spanish.
b. Marisela’s parents are from Mexico, she probably understands Spanish.
c. Marisela’s parents are from Mexico she probably understands Spanish.
______ 7. a. Our new apartment is bright and sunny, it’s in a good location.
b. Our new apartment is bright and sunny, and it’s in a good location.
c. Our new apartment is bright and sunny it’s in a good location.
______ 8. a. The car is eleven years old it still runs well.

b. The car is eleven years old, it still runs well.
c. The car is eleven years old, but it still runs well.
______ 9. a. Tomorrow is the test, are you ready for it?

b. Tomorrow is the test. Are you ready for it?
c. Tomorrow is the test are you ready for it?
______ 10. a. Yolanda dropped a Coke on her lap she went home to change clothes.
b. Yolanda dropped a Coke on her lap, she went home to change clothes.
c. Yolanda dropped a Coke on her lap, so she went home to change clothes.
65
Run-Ons and Comma Splices II: TEST 1

Put a line ( l) between the two complete thoughts in each of the following run-ons or comma splices.
Then rewrite the sentences, correcting each one by adding a logical dependent word to one of the
thoughts. Include a comma if the dependent word starts the sentence.Choose from these words:
because, after, although, if, when.
1. Everyone in the audience gasped “Oooooooh” the fireworks exploded.

__________________________________________________________________________
2. The huge dinner was over nobody had room for dessert.
__________________________________________________________________________
3. The hat was too small for my head it was supposed to be “one size fits all.”
__________________________________________________________________________
4. A dangerous storm is predicted for tonight many community activities have been canceled.
__________________________________________________________________________
5. His car is not fixed by tomorrow, Jack will need a ride to work.
__________________________________________________________________________
6. Many people think it’s good to put butter on a burn it can actually be harmful.
__________________________________________________________________________
7. Fran had eaten cookies and watched TV all evening, she felt sick and sluggish.
__________________________________________________________________________
8. We chase squirrels away from our bird feeder they always come back.
__________________________________________________________________________
9. The elevator got stuck between floors, trapped passengers pushed the emergency button.
__________________________________________________________________________
10. I read the instructions a second time, they began to make a little more sense.
________________________________________________________________________
66
Run-Ons and Comma Splices II: TEST 2

In each group below, one sentence is punctuated correctly. Write the letter of that sentence in the space
provided.
______ 1. a. The child began to do much better in school after she got glasses.
b. The child began to do much better in school, she got glasses.
c. The child began to do much better in school. After she got glasses.
______ 2. a. After the mall went out of business, local teenagers had nowhere to hang out.
b. The mall went out of business, local teenagers had nowhere to hang out.
c. After the mall went out of business. Local teenagers had nowhere to hang out.
______ 3. a. My mother’s favorite vase slipped from my hands, I saw my life flash before my eyes.
b. When my mother’s favorite vase slipped from my hands, I saw my life flash before my
eyes.
c. When my mother’s favorite vase slipped from my hands. I saw my life flash before my
eyes.
______ 4. a. We were out of ketchup and mustard, we put mayonnaise on our hot dogs.
b. Because we were out of ketchup and mustard, we put mayonnaise on our hot dogs.
c. Because were out of ketchup and mustard. We put mayonnaise on our hot dogs.
______ 5. a. Although Elaine’s blind date was handsome and polite, she did not like him.
b. Elaine’s blind date was handsome and polite, she did not like him.
c. Although Elaine’s blind date was handsome and polite. She did not like him.
______ 6. a. If you’re not feeling better by tomorrow. You should see a doctor.
b. If you’re not feeling better by tomorrow, you should see a doctor.
c. You’re not feeling better by tomorrow, you should see a doctor.
______ 7. a. Blue is often used in bedrooms because it is thought to be a restful color.

b. Blue is often used in bedrooms, it is thought to be a restful color.
c. Blue is often used in bedrooms. Because it is thought to be a restful color.
______ 8. a. The neighbors started yelling and throwing things at 3 a.m. we called the police.
b. When the neighbors started yelling and throwing things at 3 a.m. We called the police.
c. When the neighbors started yelling and throwing things at 3 a.m., we called the police.
______ 9. a. You add pineapple to Jello, the Jello will not gel.
b. If you add pineapple to Jello, the Jello will not gel.
c. If you add pineapple to Jello. The Jello will not gel.
______ 10. a. The cookies are cool. Place a square of chocolate on each one so it will melt.
b. Before the cookies are cool. Place a square of chocolate on each one so it will melt.
c. Before the cookies are cool, place a square of chocolate on each one so it will melt.
67
The Comma: TEST 1

Add commas where needed in each sentence. Then refer to the box below and, in the space
provided, write the letter of the comma rule that applies.
a Between items in a series
b After introductory material
c Between complete thoughts
______ 1. The speed limit here is 20 miles per hour but many drivers go twice that fast.
______ 2. Before last night I didn’t believe in ghosts.
______ 3. Sleeping napping and resting are Jim’s plans for his vacation.
______ 4. Luis was too warm so he stood in front of the open refrigerator door.
______ 5. Until the year 1918 American women were not allowed to vote.
______ 6. The Super Bowl party menu included sloppy joes chips pretzels ice cream and
soda.
______ 7. Although my cousin and her boyfriend broke up they have remained good
friends.
______ 8. People used to believe the world was flat so they thought explorers might fall off
the edge.
______ 9. The lobby of the hotel was beautifully decorated and a huge fountain stood in the
center.
______ 10. Mowing lawns raking leaves shoveling snow and washing windows are good ways
to make some extra money.
68
The Comma: TEST 2

In each group below, one sentence uses the comma correctly. Write the letter of that sentence in the
space provided.
______ 1. a. Chelsea says yoga makes her more calm flexible and relaxed.
b. Chelsea says yoga makes her more calm, flexible, and relaxed.
c. Chelsea says yoga, makes her more calm flexible and relaxed.
______ 2. a. When I pressed the “delete” key, the whole computer screen went blank.
b. When I pressed the “delete” key the whole computer screen, went blank.
c. When I pressed, the “delete” key, the whole computer screen went blank.
______ 3. a. The dog was whining, at the door, so I let him out.
b. The dog was whining at the door so, I let him out.
c. The dog was whining at the door, so I let him out.
______ 4. a. This CD is good, but hearing, the band perform live is even better.
b. This CD is good, but hearing the band perform live is even better.
c. This CD is good but, hearing the band perform live is even better.
______ 5. a. The country of Liechtenstein is smaller than Rhode Island and, the country of Monaco
is even smaller.
b. The country of Liechtenstein, is smaller than Rhode Island and the country of Monaco
is even smaller.
c. The country of Liechtenstein is smaller than Rhode Island, and the country of Monaco
is even smaller.
______ 6. a. On Mount Washington in New Hampshire, winds as strong as 231 miles per hour have
been recorded.
b. On Mount Washington, in New Hampshire, winds as strong as 231 miles per hour, have
been recorded.
c. On Mount Washington in New Hampshire winds, as strong as 231 miles per hour have
been recorded.
_____ 7. a. According to Native American legend the coyote, is a clever trickster.

b. According to Native American legend, the coyote is a clever trickster.
c. According, to Native American legend the coyote is a clever trickster.
_____ 8. a. Dairy products, fish oysters and sunshine are all good sources of vitamin D.
b. Dairy products fish oysters and sunshine, are all good sources of vitamin D.
c. Dairy products, fish, oysters, and sunshine are all good sources of vitamin D.
_____ 9. a. Jen and Ayesha e-mail each other every day but, they rarely talk on the phone.
b. Jen and Ayesha e-mail each other every day, but they rarely talk on the phone.
c. Jen and Ayesha e-mail each other, every day but they rarely, talk on the phone.
_____ 10. a. The garbage collectors have been on strike for two weeks, so trash is piling up in the streets.
b. The garbage collectors have been on strike, for two weeks so trash is piling up in the streets.
c. The garbage collectors have been on strike for two weeks so, trash is piling up in the streets.
69
The Apostrophe: TEST 1

Each of the sentences below contains one word that needs an apostrophe. Underline the word.
Then write the word, with its apostrophe, in the space provided.
1. Because a pythons jaws can unhinge, the snake can swallow animals that are larger than
itself.
________________________
2. You cant invite fifty friends to a party in this little apartment.
________________________
3. Babies shouldnt ever be shaken, because their brains can be easily damaged.
________________________
4. Our houses previous owners kept live chickens in the basement.
________________________
5. The tiny hummingbirds heart beats 1,260 times every minute.
________________________
6. How can we make cookies if were out of eggs, flour, and sugar?
________________________
7. The special effects in the movie are good, but the acting isnt.
________________________
8. Rudys car needs new tires, brakes, and windshield wipers.
________________________
9. Lola and her brothers are planning a surprise party for their mothers birthday.
________________________
10. Thomas Edison once said, “I have not failed. Ive just found ten thousand ways that
will not work.”
________________________
70
The Apostrophe: TEST 2

In each group below, one sentence uses apostrophes correctly. Write the letter of that sentence in the
space provided.
______ 1. a. The computers key’s began sticking after the girl’s spilled orange juice on them.
b. The computer’s keys began sticking after the girls spilled orange juice on them.
c. The computer’s keys began sticking after the girl’s spilled orange juice on them.
______ 2. a. The name “Wendy” didnt exist until author J.M. Barrie made it up for his Peter Pan storie’s.
b. The name “Wendy” didnt exist until author J.M. Barrie made it up for his Peter Pan stories.
c. The name “Wendy” didn’t exist until author J.M. Barrie made it up for his Peter Pan stories.
______ 3. a. A western omelet’s ingredients usually include eggs, diced ham, green peppers, and onions.
b. A western omelet’s ingredient’s usually include egg’s, diced ham, green pepper’s, and onion’s.
c. A western omelet’s ingredient’s usually include eggs, diced ham, green peppers, and onions.
______ 4. a. The newlywed’s were disappointed to see that the photograph’s from their wedding werent
in focus.
b. The newlyweds were disappointed to see that the photographs from their wedding weren’t
in focus.
c. The newlywed’s were disappointed to see that the photograph’s from their wedding weren’t
in focus.
______ 5. a. For their birthdays, the twins treated themselves to manicures at the city’s fanciest salon.
b. For their birthday’s, the twins treated themselves to manicure’s at the citys fanciest salon.
c. For their birthdays, the twin’s treated themselves to manicures at the city’s fanciest salon.
______ 6. a. If you will feed the cat’s, Ill take care of the dog’s and the fish.
b. If you will feed the cats, I’ll take care of the dogs and the fish.
c. If you will feed the cat’s, I’ll take care of the dog’s and the fish.
______ 7. a. Tonights concert is sold out, but I know someone willing to sell his ticket’s.
b. Tonight’s concert is sold out, but I know someone willing to sell his ticket’s.
c. Tonight’s concert is sold out, but I know someone willing to sell his tickets.
______ 8. a. Nobody want’s to admit that he or she left Dads tools out in the rain.
b. Nobody wants to admit that he or she left Dads tool’s out in the rain.
c. Nobody wants to admit that he or she left Dad’s tools out in the rain.
______ 9. a. Many people dont demonstrate good manner’s when they use their cell phones in public.
b. Many people don’t demonstrate good manners when they use their cell phones in public.
c. Many people don’t demonstrate good manners when they use their cell phone’s in public.
______ 10. a. I used to write personal letter’s, but now I’m in the habit of sending e-mail’s instead.
b. I used to write personal letter’s, but now Im in the habit of sending e-mail’s instead.
c. I used to write personal letters, but now I’m in the habit of sending e-mails instead.
71
Quotation Marks: TEST 1

On the lines provided, rewrite the following sentences, adding quotation marks as needed.
1. The sign at the entrance of the shop said, Unsupervised children will be sold.
______________________________________________________________________
2. If life hands you lemons, advised my grandmother, make lemonade.

______________________________________________________________________
3. Don’t use that tone of voice with me, the woman warned her son.
___________________________________________________________________
4. The carnival worker shouted, Step right up. Everyone’s a winner.

___________________________________________________________________
5. The best thing about this movie, wrote the critic, is that it’s short.
___________________________________________________________________
6. Your call is important to us, said the recording. Please continue to hold.
___________________________________________________________________
7. The waitress paused by our table and asked, What’ll you have?
___________________________________________________________________
8. The sign over the cash register said, No checks accepted. Don’t even ask.
___________________________________________________________________
9. Most bats are quite harmless, said the lecturer. In addition, they eat many insects.
___________________________________________________________________
10. There are three kinds of people: those who can count and those who can’t, said the bumper sticker.
___________________________________________________________________
72
Quotation Marks: TEST 2

In each group below, one sentence uses quotation marks correctly. Write the letter of that sentence in the
space provided.
______ 1. a. “As my brother leaped out from behind the door,” he yelled, Gotcha!
b. As my brother leaped out from behind the door, “he yelled, Gotcha!”
c. As my brother leaped out from behind the door, he yelled, “Gotcha!”
______ 2. a. “Nobody leaves this room,” growled the detective, “until I get some answers.”
b. “Nobody leaves this room, growled the detective, until I get some answers.”
c. Nobody leaves this room, “growled the detective,” until I get some answers.
______ 3. a. Author Leo Buscaglia once “wrote, A life without love, no matter how many other things
we have, is an empty, meaningless one.”
b. Author Leo Buscaglia once wrote, “A life without love, no matter how many other things
we have, is an empty, meaningless one.”
c. Author Leo Buscaglia once wrote, “A life without love, no matter how many other things
we have,” “is an empty, meaningless one.”
______ 4. a. “Everything” must go! announced the sign in the store window.
b. “Everything must go! announced the sign in the store window.”
c. “Everything must go!” announced the sign in the store window.
______ 5. a. Finish the problems on page 216 by tomorrow, “the teacher said.”
b. “Finish the problems on page 216 by tomorrow,” the teacher said.
c. “Finish the problems on page 216 by tomorrow,” “the teacher said.”
______ 6. a. The novel A Tale of Two Cities begins with the famous line, “It was the best of times, it
was the worst of times.”
b. The novel A Tale of Two Cities begins with the famous line, “It was the best of times,” “it was
the worst of times.”
c. “The novel A Tale of Two Cities begins with the famous line, It was the best of times, it was
the worst of times.”
______ 7. a. “Before the concert begins,” said a man on the stage, please turn off all cell phones.”
b. “Before the concert begins,” said a man on the stage, please turn off all cell phones.
c. “Before the concert begins,” said a man on the stage, “please turn off all cell phones.”
______ 8. a. Can you recommend a CD my teenage son might like? “the man asked the music-store clerk.”
b. “Can you recommend a CD my teenage son might like? the man asked the music-store clerk.”
c. “Can you recommend a CD my teenage son might like?” the man asked the music-store clerk.
______ 9. a. “A woman without a man, said the t-shirt slogan,” “is like a fish without a bicycle.”
b. “A woman without a man,” said the t-shirt slogan, “is like a fish without a bicycle.”
c. “A woman without a man, said the t-shirt slogan, is like a fish without a bicycle.”
______ 10. a. “According to my watch,” said David, “you’re more than half an hour late.”
b. According to my watch, said David, “you’re more than half an hour late.”
c. “According to my watch, said David, you’re more than half an hour late.”
73
Score (Number right)__________ x 5 = _________________%
Homonyms: TEST 1
Cross out the two homonym mistakes in each sentence. Then write the correct words in the spaces
provided.
_________ 1. Some people think its wrong to wear fur, while other people believe they have the write
to wear anything they like.
_________
_________ 2. Please turn down that music while I study. It’s to loud, and it brakes my concentration.
_________
_________ 3. Whose going to help me finish this pizza? I can’t eat the hole thing.
_________
_________ 4. You must have the wrong number. They’re is know one here named “Ezekiel.”
_________
_________ 5. Both our family cars need there breaks repaired.

_________
_________ 6. Every week, the roommates right out a schedule showing who’s turn it is to cook, do the
dishes, and clean the apartment.
_________
_________ 7. Their going to bake two cakes, so there will be a peace for everyone.
_________
_________ 8. The old house is losing it’s shingles, and there are several wholes in the porch.
_________
_________ 9. On the long trip, our plain passed threw snow, fog, and a thunderstorm.
_________
_________10. You’re voice is so soft that I can’t here you well in this noisy room.
_________
74
Homonyms: TEST 2
In each group below, one sentence uses homonyms correctly. Write the letter of that sentence in the
space provided.
______ 1. a. Knowing you’ve done the write thing gives you a sense of piece.
b. Knowing you’ve done the right thing gives you a sense of peace.
c. Knowing you’ve done the right thing gives you a sense of piece.
______ 2. a. Who’s idea was it to put together a 1,000-piece puzzle? It’s to hard!
b. Who’s idea was it to put together a 1,000-piece puzzle? It’s too hard!
c. Whose idea was it to put together a 1,000-piece puzzle? It’s too hard!
______ 3. a. You’re going to break something if you play ball in the living room.
b. Your going to break something if you play ball in the living room.
c. Your going to brake something if you play ball in the living room.
______ 4. a. If you’re package arrives, I’ll let you know right away.
b. If your package arrives, I’ll let you no right away.
c. If your package arrives, I’ll let you know right away.
______ 5. a. The movie fails because there are ridiculous holes in its plot.
b. The movie fails because they’re are ridiculous wholes in its plot.
c. The movie fails because their are ridiculous holes in its plot.
______ 6. a. The school bus has a sign on its bumper reading, “I break for all railroad crossings.”
b. The school bus has a sign on it’s bumper reading, “I brake for all railroad crossings.”
c. The school bus has a sign on its bumper reading, “I brake for all railroad crossings.”
______ 7. a. I hear that your unusual neighbors have painted they’re house purple with yellow stripes.
b. I hear that your unusual neighbors have painted there house purple with yellow stripes.
c. I hear that your unusual neighbors have painted their house purple with yellow stripes.
_____ 8. a. Who’s going to write to Grandma and thank her for the holiday presents?
b. Whose going to right to Grandma and thank her for the holiday presents?
c. Whose going to write to Grandma and thank her for the holiday presents?
_____ 9. a. There was know school on Friday because of the bad weather.
b. There was no school on Friday because of the bad weather.
c. There was know school on Friday because of the bad whether.
_____ 10. a. Its true that Helen Keller could not see or here, but she was a great communicator all
the same.
b. It’s true that Helen Keller could not see or here, but she was a great communicator all
the same.
c. It’s true that Helen Keller could not see or hear, but she was a great communicator all
the same.
75
Capital Letters: TEST 1

Underline the two words that need to be capitalized in each sentence. Then write the words correctly in
the spaces provided.
1. The famous character Ebenezer Scrooge was created for the novel A Christmas carol, by charles
Dickens.
_________________________ _________________________
2. Next friday evening we’re going out to eat at Red lobster.

_________________________ _________________________
3. Trying to help the lost tourists, the woman called out, “does anyone here speak italian?”
_________________________ _________________________
4. although my aunt’s full name is Margarita, everyone calls her maggie.

_________________________ _________________________
5. The hit-and-run driver was last seen driving a black buick convertible down Maple avenue.
_________________________ _________________________
6. A man in line at the kroger supermarket was buying five cans of glade air freshener.
_________________________ _________________________
7. The sixteenth of september is the day Mexico celebrates its independence from spain.
_________________________ _________________________
8. Kate has recorded every single episode of Buffy the vampire slayer on videotape.
_________________________ _________________________
9. The coach showed us a New York Daily news article about sports injuries called “When to tough
It Out.”
_________________________ _________________________
10. After graduating from Merryton college, Ms. Dasher began teaching fifth grade at South Penn
Elementary school.
_________________________ _________________________
76
Capital Letters: TEST 2

In each group below, one sentence uses capital letters correctly. Write the letter of that sentence in the space
provided.
______ 1. a. Trisha asked, “how long are you going to lie around the house watching reruns of Friends?”
b. Trisha asked, “How long are you going to lie around the house watching reruns of friends?”
c. Trisha asked, “How long are you going to lie around the house watching reruns of Friends?”
______ 2. a. a lot of high school kids hang out at Chiaro’s pizzeria on Saturday night.
b. A lot of High school kids hang out at Chiaro’s Pizzeria on Saturday night.
c. A lot of high school kids hang out at Chiaro’s Pizzeria on Saturday night.
______ 3. a. Rudy claims his dog Toby will eat only Alpo Canned Dog Food.
b. Rudy claims his dog Toby will eat only Alpo canned dog food.
c. Rudy claims his dog Toby will eat only alpo canned dog food.
______ 4. a. The news reporter warned, “Avoid the intersection of mason and vine, where there’s just
been a bad accident.”
b. The News Reporter warned, “Avoid the intersection of Mason and Vine, where there’s just
c. The news reporter warned, “Avoid the intersection of Mason and Vine, where there’s just
______ 5. a. Al Pacino got his big break in 1972, when he played Michael Corleone in the Godfather.
b. Al Pacino got his big break in 1972, when he played Michael Corleone in The Godfather.
c. al Pacino got his big break in 1972, when he played michael Corleone in the Godfather.
______ 6. a. According to my friend En Mei, the food served in most Chinese restaurants in America
isn’t at all authentic.
b. according to my friend En Mei, the food served in most chinese restaurants in America isn’t
at all authentic.
c. According to my friend En Mei, the food served in most chinese restaurants in america isn’t
at all authentic.
______ 7. a. What’s your favorite Girl Scout cookie—Thin Mints or Caramel Delites?
b. What’s your favorite Girl Scout Cookie—Thin Mints or Caramel Delites?
c. What’s your favorite girl scout cookie—Thin Mints or Caramel Delites?
______ 8. a. In his book Life on the Mississippi, author Mark Twain vividly described the mighty river.
b. In his book Life On The Mississippi, author Mark Twain vividly described the mighty river.
c. In his book Life on the Mississippi, author Mark Twain vividly described the mighty River.
______ 9. a. When I visited Mexico, I had a chance to practice my spanish.

b. When I visited Mexico, I had a chance to practice my Spanish.
c. When I visited mexico, I had a chance to practice my Spanish.
______ 10. a. On Monday I must have a paper titled “Hate Crimes” ready for my english class.
b. On Monday I must have a paper titled “Hate crimes” ready for my english class.
c. On Monday I must have a paper titled “Hate Crimes” ready for my English class.
77
Parallelism: TEST 1
The part of each sentence that needs revising is italicized. On the line, rewrite this part to make it match
the other item(s) listed.
1. The movie was boring, stupid, and it wasn’t realistic—but otherwise I liked it.
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Beautiful beaches and weather that is fantastic make Hawaii a favorite vacation site.
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Unfortunately, my cousin is known for bragging about his accomplishments and he puts other
people down.
___________________________________________________________________________
4. This year, the service club is planning to clean up a stretch of highway, organizing a holiday toy
drive, and host a community picnic.
___________________________________________________________________________
5. “Feathered Friends” is a store that sells seed for birds, bird feeders, bird houses, and bird baths.
___________________________________________________________________________
6. In her new job as a chef ’s assistant, Katie is learning to chop vegetables, make sauces, and she
prepares pastry.
___________________________________________________________________________
7. The large family’s house always seems full of noise, activity, and they laugh a lot.
___________________________________________________________________________
8. The beauty salon offers not only haircuts, but also massaging, manicures, and pedicures.
___________________________________________________________________________
9. To vacuum the house, cleaning the bathroom, doing the laundry, and washing the windows are all
on the schedule for this weekend.
___________________________________________________________________________
10. Rudy opened his new e-mail, read a few lines, he was realizing it was junk, and deleted it.
___________________________________________________________________________
78
Parallelism: TEST 2
In each group below, one sentence uses parallelism correctly. Write the letter of that sentence in the space provided.
_____ 1. a. Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.
b. Happy families are all alike; every family that isn’t happy is unhappy in its own way.
c. Families that are happy are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.
_____ 2. a. The traditional Thanksgiving menu includes roast turkey, mashed potatoes, squash that was
baked, and pumpkin pie.
b. The traditional Thanksgiving menu includes roast turkey, mashed potatoes, baked squash, and
there was pumpkin pie.
c. The traditional Thanksgiving menu includes roast turkey, mashed potatoes, baked squash, and
pumpkin pie.
_____ 3. a. Irma sighed with relief as she kicked off her tight, full of elegance high-heeled shoes.
b. Irma sighed with relief as she kicked off her tight, elegant high-heeled shoes.
c. Irma sighed with relief as she kicked off her high-heeled shoes that were tight and elegant.
_____ 4. a. Knowing that he’d been caught in a lie, the man was thinking quickly, talked slowly, and laughed
nervously.
b. Knowing that he’d been caught in a lie, the man thought quickly, talked slowly, and laughed
nervously.
c. Knowing that he’d been caught in a lie, the man thought quickly, slowed down his talking, and
laughed nervously.
_____ 5. a. If I were rich, I’d hire people to do my grocery shopping, meal planning, and house cleaning.
b. If I were rich, I’d hire people to shop for my groceries and do my meal planning and house cleaning.
c. If I were rich, I’d hire people to do my grocery shopping, meal planning, and to clean my house.
_____ 6. a. As we waited for the doctor’s report, the seconds went by as if they were minutes, the minutes passed
like hours, and the hours passed like centuries.
b. As we waited for the doctor’s report, the seconds seemed like minutes, the minutes passed like
hours, and the hours went by as slowly as centuries.
c. As we waited for the doctor’s report, the seconds passed like minutes, the minutes passed like
hours, and the hours passed like centuries.
_____ 7. a. A good parent needs to be patient, loving, kind, and good-humored.
b. A good parent needs to be patient, loving, kind, and have a sense of humor.
c. A good parent needs to have patience, and to be loving, kind, and good-humored.
_____ 8. a. The man’s deeply lined face, weatherbeaten skin, and eyes that were sad made him look much
older than he really was.
b. The man’s face that was covered with deep lines, weatherbeaten skin, and sad eyes made him look
much older than he really was.
c. The man’s deeply lined face, weatherbeaten skin, and sad eyes made him look much older than
he really was.
_____ 9. a. Brewing coffee, baking bread, and stew simmering produce three of the nicest aromas I know.
b. Brewing coffee, baking bread, and simmering stew produce three of the nicest aromas I know.
c. Brewing coffee, bread that is baking, and simmering stew produce three of the nicest aromas I know.
_____ 10. a. One promise that is kept is worth more than making three promises.
b One promise that is kept is worth more than three made promises.
c. One promise that is kept is worth more than three promises that are made.
79
Punctuation Marks: TEST 1

Place a period ( . ), question mark ( ? ), or exclamation point ( ! ) at the end of each of the following sentences.
1. There’s a snake crawling up your arm
2. How many feet are in a mile
3. It’s your turn to do the dishes
4. I don’t believe it—Jennifer Lopez and Tom Cruise are at my front door
5. The movie starts at 7 o’clock
6. Can I help you find anything
7. I have the most amazing news
8. That man just snatched my purse
9. You look very pretty in that dress
10. Is dinner ready
80
Punctuation Marks: TEST 2

Each of the following sentences needs one of the kinds of punctuation marks in the box. In the space
provided, write the letter of the mark needed. Then add that mark to the sentence.
a Colon : d Dash or dashes —

b Semicolon ; e Parentheses ( )
c Hyphen -
______ 1. There are two ways of looking at this question my way or the wrong way.
______ 2. We packed up our picnic and ran to the car in order to escape the fast moving storm.
______ 3. Someone in this family you know who you are owes me an apology.
______ 4. Buffalo wings, video games, DVDs, and plenty of soda everything was ready for the
boys’ party.
______ 5. Before the guests arrive, please 1 tidy up the living room and 2 put the dishes in the dishwasher.
______ 6. At the beginning of the year, Kenton had never read a complete book by its end, he had
read more than thirty of them.
______ 7. Our neighbors include the Foxes, a retired couple the Maurers, a young family with three
children and the Fords, who have one son.
______ 8. The letter which I didn’t get around to reading until last night contained very surprising news.
______ 9. Charlene’s fiancé was handsome, charming and just two weeks out of prison.
______ 10. Out of Africa, a wonderful book by Isak Dinesen, begins with this line “I had a farm in
Africa, at the foot of the Ngong Hills.”
81
Pronoun Forms: TEST 1

Fill in each blank with the appropriate pronoun from the margin.
she, her 1. The guests brought presents for the birthday girl and sang “Happy Birthday” to
_________________ .
he, him 2. According to Arthur, nobody is a better writer than _________________ .
who, whom 3. The man _________________ you know as kindly “Uncle Tony” is actually
a dangerous criminal.
me, I 4. My father and _________________ spent the whole day cooking our famous
spaghetti sauce with meatballs.
she, her 5. Larry and Marta argued all morning about whether Larry or _____________would
do the dishes.
He, Him 6. _________________ and I are working together on a project for history class.
their, they 7. The neighbors have asked us to water _________________ plants while they are
out of town.
Who, Whom 8. _________________ is going to clean up this mess?
I, me 9. Was that phone call for you or _________________?
Her, She 10. ________________ and her sister were once part of a famous song-and-dance act.
82
Name ____________________________________________________________ Section _____________________ Date ___________________
Pronoun Forms: TEST 2

Fill in each blank with the appropriate pronoun from the margin.
We, Us 1. _______________ vegetarians sometimes find it hard to eat in restaurants.
she, her 2. A young woman just called and left you _______________ phone number.
I, me 3. Even though Joe and _______________ are first cousins, we have met each other
only twice.
me, I 4. The fact that you visited me in the hospital means a lot to _______________.
who, whom 5. I have to meet this new teacher _______________ I’ve heard so much about.
they, their 6. People waiting to buy ______________ concert tickets formed a line that
stretched halfway down the block.
we, us 7. “According to our children,” Mona said, “no other parents are as strict as
_______________.”
he, him 8. Sharon and Nick dated for four months; then she decided she didn’t want to see
_______________ anymore.
him, he 9. Barry said that after graduation, _______________ and his cousin are planning a
trip to California.
who, whom 10. With _______________ were you laughing so loudly?
83
Pronoun Problems: TEST 1

A. In each blank space, write the pronoun that agrees in number with the word or words it refers to.
his or her, their 1. Someone has left _______________ wet towels on the bathroom floor.
its, their 2. That store does a very poor job of training _______________ employees.
her, their 3. Neither of the crying little girls wanted to have _______________ picture
taken with Santa Claus.
his, their 4. The members of the Boy Scout troop voted to have _______________
annual dinner at the Holiday Inn.
B. For each sentence, cross out the pronoun that makes a shift in person. Then, in the space provided,
write a pronoun that corrects the shift in person.
___________ 5. The thing I like most about my English teacher is the way she’s always
willing to give you extra help.
___________ 6. I try to save money, but I really can’t when one’s job pays such a low hourly wage.
___________ 7. The earthquake survivors said it was terrifying to see your house collapse.
C. In each sentence below, choose the correct word or words and write them in the space provided.
8. Mrs. Miller was annoyed when she called the doctor’s office, but couldn’t get _____________
_____________________________ to answer the phone.
a. an employee
b. them
9. Howie told Jesse ___________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
a. he was in danger of failing math if he didn’t study harder.
b. , “I’m in danger of failing math if I don’t study harder.”
10. When Peter took his camera out, Teresa groaned, because she really disliked _______________
_________________________________________________________________________
a. having her picture taken.
b. it.
84
Pronoun Problems: TEST 2

A. In each blank space, write the pronoun that agrees in number with the word or words it refers to.
its, their 1. Several of our cats have had __________________ claws removed.
their, his or her 2. Each person in the room wrote the name of __________________ favorite
candidate on a slip of paper.
they, it 3. Neither of the desserts tasted as delicious as __________________ looked.

he or she, they 4. Nobody at work knows if __________________ will have a job after the
company is sold.
B. For each sentence, cross out the pronoun that makes a shift in person. Then, in the space provided,
write a pronoun that corrects the shift in person.
___________ 5. People who drink a lot of soda don’t realize how many calories you take in
that way.
___________ 6. Flossing one’s teeth is something I intend to do more than I actually do it.
___________ 7. Packing my suitcase a couple of days before a trip helps insure that you don’t
forget anything.
C. In each sentence below, choose the correct word or words and write them in the space provided.
8. When you check in for a flight, ____________________ demand to see a photo ID as well as
your ticket.
a. they
b. airline employees
9. Monica warned Jeannie _______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
a. her former best friend had been spreading rumors about her.
b. , “Your former best friend has been spreading rumors about you.”
10. Nina is busy choosing her gown, designing invitations, and making up the guest list, and she
talks constantly about ________________________________________________________

a. it.
b. planning her wedding.
85
Adjectives and Adverbs: TEST 1

Cross out the adjective or adverb error in each sentence and write the correction in the space at the left.
_____________________ 1. I’m confident that I can do good on the test.
_____________________ 2. David Letterman is more funnier than Jay Leno.
_____________________ 3. Each student reported on the goodest book he or she had ever read.
_____________________ 4. The movie star looks more taller on screen than he does in real life.
_____________________ 5. The waitress glared angry at the rude customer.
_____________________ 6. Jim has a bad temper, but his sister has an even worser one.
_____________________ 7. The used car looks good, but it runs bad.
_____________________ 8. Deep-fried Twinkies are the leastest healthy food I can imagine.
_____________________ 9. No matter how many times he tries, the maintenance man can’t never fix
our dripping faucet.
_____________________ 10. Louie dances awkward, but his girlfriend doesn’t seem to care.
86
Adjectives and Adverbs: TEST 2

Each short paragraph below contains two errors in adjective and /or adverb use. Find the errors and cross
them out. Then write the correct form of each word or words in the space provided.
1. Ernie and his sister dressed in their most fanciest clothes for their grandparents’ anniversary
party. Their mom insisted on taking their picture, because she couldn’t hardly believe how nice
they looked.
a. ____________________________
b. ____________________________
2. All my friends say that movie is wonderful, and I want to see it bad. I missed it in the theater,
so I hope it comes out on DVD quick.
a. ____________________________
b. ____________________________
3. Kate’s dad bakes the most bestest pies in the world. He doesn’t measure nothing; he just knows
what to put in. He told me he worked in a bakery for years when he was younger.
a. ____________________________
b. ____________________________
4. Let’s start this discussion over again. Even if we don’t agree, we can treat each other respectful.
It will only make the situation worser if we insult one another.
a. ____________________________
b. ____________________________
5. Bennie speaks Spanish really good. He understands my grandfather, who is from Mexico, more
easier than I do. I ask Bennie to translate for me sometimes.
a. ____________________________
b. ____________________________
87
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers: TEST 1

In each sentence, underline the one misplaced or dangling modifier. (The first five sentences contain
misplaced modifiers; the second five sentences contain dangling modifiers.) Then rewrite each sentence
so that its intended meaning is clear.
1. The vacuum-cleaner salesman gasped as Dracula opened the castle door in terror.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2. The hikers were delighted by the beautiful sunset climbing the hill.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3. The cat jumped on the kitchen counter and almost ate a whole stick of butter.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4. The plumber retrieved the diamond ring belonging to a rich lady from the kitchen drain.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5. A man came to the veterinarian’s office with his rabbit that spoke only French.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
6. While repairing the roof, a family of squirrels attacked me.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
7. Dreaming happily of vacation, my bed felt too comfortable to leave.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
8. Even after finishing the story, it didn’t make any sense.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
9. Soaring far above the treetops, the wailing child watched her balloon’s escape.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
10. Not wanting to get too personal, Jane’s ex-boyfriend was of no interest to me.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
88
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers: TEST 2

Each group of sentences contains one misplaced modifier and one dangling modifier. Underline the two
errors. Then, on the lines provided, rewrite the sentences that contain the errors so that the intended
meanings are clear.
1. Leaving school one afternoon, a motorcycle nearly struck me. The man who was driving the
motorcycle with a long black ponytail then sped away.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Pretending she hadn’t gotten the job, Ellen’s friends felt bad for her. They nearly celebrated all
evening after she told them the truth.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3. As a tiny baby, my mother says she listened to me cry for hours every evening. Taking me on a
car ride would quiet me out in the country.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4. The candy house on the table made of gingerbread is tempting to the children. Walking by it, little
fingers often swipe a bit of frosting or a jellybean.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5. Talking loudly on his cell phone, other people on the train sent dirty looks in Leon’s direction. One of
them pointed at the “No Cell Phones” sign posted on the wall with his umbrella.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
89
Word Choice: TEST 1

A. Each sentence below contains one example of slang or clichés. Underline the error and then rewrite
it, using more effective language.
1. Inside the haunted house, it was black as night and strangely quiet.
________________________________________________________________________
2. The winner of the “Best Speller” award looked proud as a peacock.

________________________________________________________________________
3. Terrence was all decked out for his big date.
________________________________________________________________________
4. If I were rich, I’d buy a really blown-out Mercedes-Benz.
________________________________________________________________________
5. The man who claimed to have been kidnapped by aliens sounded crazy as a loon to me.
________________________________________________________________________
B. Underline the one example of wordiness in each sentence that follows. Then rewrite the sentence as
concisely as possible.
6. At some future point in time, the mayor will make a decision.

________________________________________________________________________
7. The fact of the matter is that I lost the money.

________________________________________________________________________
8. Past history teaches us we can learn from our mistakes.

________________________________________________________________________
9. It is a disgrace in this modern day and age that any child should lack proper medical care.
________________________________________________________________________
10. Many people have left the city because of the fact that there are few jobs available.
________________________________________________________________________
90
Word Choice: TEST 2

Each item below contains two examples of ineffective word choice: slang, clichés, or wordiness.
Underline the errors. Then rewrite each underlined part as clearly and concisely as possible.
1. At 7 p.m. yesterday evening, I saw the most totally awesome movie.

a. ________________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________________
2. The arrested man insists that he was not involved in the robbery in any way, shape, or form. Still,
police insist that they have the right man. They say he has a long history as a crook, and that wit-
nesses have identified him as the robber.
a. ________________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________________
3. Terri’s story about having left her homework on the subway is a complete crock. The chick didn’t
do the work. I hope the teacher doesn’t believe her.
a. ________________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________________
4. My best friend Chris and I have been through thick and thin together. By now, we see eye to eye
on almost every issue. It’s a great thing to have a friend I get along with so well.
a. ________________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________________
5. I can’t imagine what Katy sees in her new boyfriend. I’ve tried to have a conversation with him,
but I don’t think he’s the sharpest knife in the drawer. In my personal opinion, she’s pretty intel-
ligent. Surely she could find a smarter guy.
a. ________________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________________
91
Numbers and Abbreviations: TEST 1

Cross out the one number or abbreviation mistake in each of the following sentences. Then write the
correction on the line provided.
___________________ 1. Inventor Thomas A. Edison was granted an incredible one thousand

ninety-three patents during his lifetime
___________________ 2. There are currently four houses for sale on the st. where I live.
___________________ 3. Our favorite Vietnamese restaurant is closed on Mons. and Tuesdays.
___________________ 4. Although Marie got a ninety-two on her test, she still thought she could
have done better.
___________________ 5. When it is midnight in New York City, it is nine p.m. in Los Angeles.
___________________ 6. Because Mr. Stevenson never talks about his job, everyone jokes that he
works for the Secret Serv.
___________________ 7. 2 wrongs don’t make a right; in addition, a stitch in time saves nine,
according to old proverbs.
___________________ 8. When we surveyed students about their favorite canned soup, thirty-two
chose tomato, 56 said vegetable beef, and 132 preferred chicken noodle.
___________________ 9. By the year two thousand fifty, the population of the United States is
projected to be about 403,000,000.
___________________ 10. Even though I had an appointment with her, I had to wait forty-five
minutes to see the pres. of the company.
92
Numbers and Abbreviations: TEST 2

Cross out the one number or abbreviation mistake in each of the following sentences. Then write the cor-
rection on the line provided.
_____________ 1. Don’t forget to give the dog 2 of her pills at 5 p.m.
_____________ 2. Of the 386 employees of Pleasant View Hosp., 74 are registered nurses.
_____________ 3. April 15 is a very busy day for accts., because that’s the final day to file people’s taxes.
_____________ 4. Poor Mrs. Heavener has to chaperone a group of fourteen teenagers on their first
trip to N.Y.
_____________ 5. Alicia has 179 pple. on her computer’s “buddy list.”
_____________ 6. 7 fire trucks are on the scene of a blaze at 23 Hamilton Boulevard in Nappville.
_____________ 7. Celine was happy to find the CD she’d been looking for on sale for only six dollars
and ninety-eight cents.
_____________ 8. Friday’s test will cover chapter seven in the textbook, and you’ll also be responsible
for material in the three handouts you’ve received.
_____________ 9. Before the long holiday wknd., we rented four DVDs and bought five frozen pizzas.
_____________ 10. President John F. Kennedy died on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Tx.
93
More about Subjects and Verbs: TEST 1

For each sentence, cross out any prepositional phrases. Then, on the lines provided, write the subject(s)
and verb(s), including any helping verb(s).
1. The tattoo on Ben’s shoulder spells “Mom.”

Subject(s): _______________________ Verb(s): _________________________
2. Tomatoes and green peppers are growing in my garden.

Subject(s): _______________________ Verb(s): _________________________
3. A flock of Canada geese suddenly appeared in the yard.

Subject(s): _______________________ Verb(s): _________________________
4. Before giving her paper to the teacher, Rita revised and proofread it many times.
Subject(s): _______________________ Verb(s): _________________________
5. In order to qualify for the job, applicants must have two years of related experience.
Subject(s): _______________________ Verb(s): _________________________
6. Through your carelessness, you could have caused a serious accident.

Subject(s): _______________________ Verb(s): _________________________
7. The milk in that cup is disgustingly sour.

Subject(s): _______________________ Verb(s): _________________________
8. The reasons for the big family argument were really pretty silly.
Subject(s): _______________________ Verb(s): _________________________
9. In the cupboard were only two cans of soup.

Subject(s): _______________________ Verb(s): _________________________
10. The injured dog bared its teeth and snarled at the veterinarian.
Subject(s): _______________________ Verb(s): _________________________
94
More about Subjects and Verbs: TEST 2

In each of the ten sentences in this paragraph, cross out any prepositional phrases. Then, underline all
the subjects once and the verbs twice. Remember to include any helping verb(s) and also all parts of
compound subjects and verbs.
Our ability to communicate has changed steadily over history. 2For thousands of
1
years, we had to rely on verbal communication. 3After the invention of writing, letters,
books, and newspapers were made possible. 4The telephone represented a big change.
5 Suddenly, men and women could speak to each other over great distances. 6Then fax
machines allowed people to send documents across the miles. 7But nothing has revolu-
tionized communication like computers. 8For many people, e-mails and instant mes-
sages have become common. 9Our ancestors would surely gasp in surprise to see all
these changes. 10Don’t you agree?
95
More about Subject-Verb Agreement: TEST 1

For each sentence, fill in the correct form of the verb in the margin.
was, were 1. What _________________ three causes of the American Civil War?
don’t, doesn’t 2. The guests who are coming to dinner tonight _______________ know one another.
is, are 3. Most of the computers in the school’s lab _________________ Macintoshes.
taste, tastes 4. That coffee, which was brewed this morning, now _____________ like bitter mud.
fit, fits 5. Neither of the shirts _______________ me very well.
worship, 6. The Seventh-Day Adventists are people who _______________ on Saturdays.

worships
love, loves 7. Both my mother and my father _________________ to dance.
enjoy, enjoys 8. It is a fact of life that nearly everyone _______________ talking about himself or
herself.
is, are 9. Because of the heavy rain, most of our yard _________________ under water.
perform, 10. The cheerleaders and the marching band __________________ at almost every
performs home football game.
96
More about Subject-Verb Agreement: TEST 2

For each sentence, fill in the correct form of the verb in the margin.
include, 1. The crowd ________________ supporters and opponents of the mayor.

includes
has, have 2. Either riding the roller coaster or eating three chili dogs ________________ upset
my stomach.
is, are 3. Piled on the corner table ________________ three boxes wrapped in silver paper.
make, makes 4. Something about Kelly’s boyfriend ________________ me suspicious.
live, lives 5. A herd of cows ________________ in a field beside my grandmother’s house.
act, acts 6. Neither the manager nor the clerks in that store ________________ very friendly.
need, needs 7. Each of the children ________________ a haircut.
claim, claims 8. There’s a woman on the phone who ________________ she’s your long-lost cousin.
is, are 9. The songs on this CD, which were all written by the band members, ____________
very funny and clever.
speak, speaks 10. Everyone in my family ________________ Russian as well as English.
97
More about Verbs: TEST 1

A. In each space, write the present tense form of the verb in the margin.
Examples want My little sister wants skates for her birthday.
scream The blue jays scream to scare other birds away from the feeder.
describe 1. The travel book ______________________ a train trip across China.
make 2. Computers ________________________ certain tasks much easier.
contain 3. The stew _______________________ beef, carrots, potatoes, and onions.
B. In each space, write the past tense form of the verb in the margin.
Example allow My boss allowed me to leave work early on Friday.
bake 4. Alissa ________________________ the cake the day before the birthday party.
comfort 5. The police officer ________________________ the crying child.
interrupt 6. A rude person in the audience ________________________ the speaker.
whistle 7. Dale waved his hand and ________________________ for a taxi.
C. In each space, write the future tense form of the verb in the margin.
Example change Marian will change her clothes before the party.
confess 8. Nobody ________________________ to breaking the vase.
drop 9. The temperature ________________________ below freezing tonight.
find 10. Lonnie ________________________ a parking space while we go inside.
98
MORE ABOUT VERBS 99
More about Verbs: TEST 2

A. In each space, write the present perfect tense form of the verb in the margin.
Examples trade Tony has traded bedrooms with his brother.
look I have looked everywhere for my missing ring.
finish 1. I ___________________________ the book you told me to read.
complain 2. Many neighbors ________________________ about the noisy parties at that house.
train 3. Irene _________________________ her dog to sit, stay, and heel.
destroy 4. Vandals _________________________ most of the windows in that building.
B. In each space, write the past perfect tense form of the verb in the margin.
Example prepare By the time we got home, Rachel had prepared a good dinner.
rehearse 5. Before she went to the audition, Emily __________________________ her part
many times.
ruin 6. By the time I took it away from him, the puppy __________________________
my bedroom slipper.
paint 7. When we returned from our vacation, we discovered that, the neighbors
_______________________ their house yellow.
C. In each space, write the future perfect tense form of the verb in the margin.
Example serve By the end of her shift, the waitress will have served more than 200
meals.
move 8. By the time he retires from the Air Force, my brother _______________________
at least ten times.
decide 9. Brian ___________________________ what courses to take by the next time he

talks to his counselor.
memorize 10. Before I go to bed tonight, I _____________________________ the entire poem.
99
Even More about Verbs: TEST 1

A. In each short passage, there is one illogical or needless shift in verb tense. Cross out the incorrect
verb. Then write the correct form of that verb on the line provided.
______________ 1. A large gray parrot lived in the pet store for many years. He glared at everyone
from a perch in the center of the store. If a customer came near him, he squawks
and flapped his wings.
______________ 2. The waitress refills the customers’ coffee cups without asking. She wipes crumbs
off the tables, filled the salt and pepper shakers, and then reads a magazine until
the next customer arrives.
______________ 3. Roger intercepted the pass and dribbled down the court. Perry fouls him and
Roger got a free throw. When Roger made his shot, the home fans shrieked and
applauded. The score was tied 34–34.
______________ 4. Every seat in the lecture hall seemed to be full. Regina walked uncertainly up
and down the aisles. A red-haired man called “Regina!” and points to an empty
seat. Regina stared in surprise at the man, whom she didn’t know at all.
B. The following sentences are written in the passive voice. In each sentence, underline the verb. Then
rewrite the sentence in the active voice, changing the wording as necessary.
5. That picture of the smiling sun was drawn by our neighbor’s little girl.
_________________________________________________________________________
6. The dinner dishes were washed by Frankie.
_________________________________________________________________________
7. Teresa’s beautiful prom dress was made by her mother.
_________________________________________________________________________
C. In each blank below, write the standard form of the verb in parentheses.
8. After Mom discovered her ring was missing, we (search/searched) ___________________ every
inch of the apartment.
9. When she gets home after an especially hard day, Vicki (like, likes) ___________________ to take
a bubble bath in order to relax.
10. On July 20, 1969, the first astronauts (land, landed) ___________________ on the surface of
the moon.
100
Even More about Verbs: TEST 2

A. In each short passage, there is one illogical or needless shift in verb tense. Cross out the incorrect
verb. Then write the correct form of that verb on the line provided.
______________ 1. Seven children got off the school bus together. They walked towards their
houses, talking and laughing. Suddenly one of them stopped and yells, “I left
my backpack on the bus!”
______________ 2. When she bakes a cake, Marlene carefully measures out three cups of flour. She
added two teaspoons of baking powder, and a quarter-cup of shortening. Then she
mixes a cup of buttermilk and an egg in a separate bowl.
______________ 3. As the tennis ball bounced down the stairs, a Labrador retriever puppy ran
after it. The ball rolls into a corner and the puppy grabbed it, growling and
shaking the ball fiercely.
______________ 4. Steven sat down in front of the TV set. He arranged the remote control, can
of Coke, and magazine within easy reach. Five minutes later he begins to snore.
B. Each of the following sentences is written in the passive voice. In each sentence, underline the verb.
Then rewrite each in the active voice, changing the wording as necessary.
5. All the appetizers were eaten by the hungry party guests.

_________________________________________________________________________
6. The phone was answered by a sleepy-sounding woman.
_________________________________________________________________________
7. Our family’s grocery shopping is always done by my father.
_________________________________________________________________________
C. In each blank below, write the standard form of the verb in parentheses.
8. We were all frustrated when our DVD player (stop, stopped) ______________ working in the
middle of the movie.
9. Every Wednesday, the pizza place near my house (sell, sells) ______________ two slices for
the price of one.
10. By the end of the long hike, Keisha’s boots (pinch, pinched) ______________ her feet painfully.
101
More about Run-Ons and Comma Splices: TEST 1

Draw a line (l) between the two complete thoughts in each run-on or comma splice. The rewrite each
sentence, using a semicolon to connect the two complete thoughts.
1. The coat was made of lumpy green fabric, wearing it, I felt like a giant avocado.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Bernie hardly ever watches TV he says it’s a waste of his time.

______________________________________________________________________________
3. The cell phone was hidden deep in my purse I could hear it but could not see it.
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Celia was startled by how long the book was, it had over 400 pages.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Saturday dawned bright and clear, it would be a perfect day for a picnic.
______________________________________________________________________________
102
More about Run-Ons and Comma Splices: TEST 2

Draw a line (l) between the two complete thoughts in each run-on or comma splice. The rewrite each sen-
tence, using a semicolon to connect the two complete thoughts. Note that a transitional word or phrase is
part of each sentence.
1. The computer is fairly new however, it is already outdated.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Kara prepared soup and sandwiches meanwhile, her brother set the table.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. College is expensive, on the other hand, college graduates make a lot more money than non-graduates.
________________________________________________________________________________
4. The store manager said he’s not hiring anyone soon, nevertheless, it wouldn’t hurt to fill out an
application.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. The car you sold me won’t go faster than 20 miles per hour furthermore, one of the doors has
fallen off.
________________________________________________________________________________
103
More about Commas: TEST 1

On the lines provided, write the word or words in each sentence that need to be followed by a comma.
Include each missing comma as well.
1. Good grief Larry don’t get so excited.

___________________________________________________________________________
2. Carbon monoxide which is colorless and odorless is the cause of many accidental poisonings.
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Rapper Tupac Shakur died of gunshot wounds on September 13 1996 in Las Vegas.
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Lady do you need some help?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. My you are in a good mood today.
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Liselle my friend who moved to Illinois is coming for a visit next week.
___________________________________________________________________________
7. Send your letters to the editor of The Tribune 1728 Hannaford Avenue Hershey Iowa 65321.
___________________________________________________________________________
8. My question Doctor is about the pain in my shoulder.
___________________________________________________________________________
9. Owls like most nocturnal animals have very large eyes.
___________________________________________________________________________
10. The quinceañera a party at which a girl’s fifteenth birthday is celebrated is popular in much of
Latin America.
___________________________________________________________________________
104
More about Commas: TEST 2

In each space, write the letter of the one comma rule that applies to the sentence. Then insert one or
more commas where they belong in the sentence.
a Around interrupting words
b To set off words of direct address and short expressions
c In dates, addresses, and letters
_______ 1. Excuse me ma’am but you’re sitting on my coat.
_______ 2. Come with me you poor thing and I’ll get you some dinner.
_______ 3. The ocean liner Titanic struck an iceberg and sank on April 14 1912 in the North
Atlantic Ocean.
_______ 4. Sir could you step outside to smoke that cigar?
_______ 5. Tonight’s main course which we hope you’ll enjoy is spaghetti with grilled garlic shrimp.
_______ 6. The wedding invitation included directions to 78 Oceanfront Boulevard Seacrest

Florida.
_______ 7. On Monday January 1 Steve will celebrate his sixth year of freedom from cigarettes.
_______ 8. Honestly I did not put that frog in the bathtub.
_______ 9. The brown recluse spider a native of the Midwest can inflict a dangerous bite.
_______ 10. September 2 1945 marked the official end of World War II.
105
More about Apostrophes: TEST 1

Each of the sentences below contains one word that needs an apostrophe. Write the word, with its apos-
trophe, in the space provided.
1. A pile of clothes and books lay on top of Emilys bed.

_______________________________
2. An alligators jaws are terrifically strong.

______________________________
3. The two boys conversation stopped when their hamburgers and fries arrived.
_______________________________
4. Its hard for a veterinarian to tell a family that its beloved pet is dying.
_______________________________
5. It was clear the little girls couldnt read, because they were holding their magazine upside down.
_______________________________
6. The old houses windows were so covered with grease and dirt it was impossible to see through
them.
_______________________________
7. Although the hair on Jeffs head is turning gray, his beard and moustache are still dark brown.
_______________________________
8. Ellen knows she shouldnt tease her little sisters, but she sometimes does it anyway.
_______________________________
9. Many people watch the evening news in order to catch up with the days events.
_______________________________
10. Gina was frantic when her seven bridesmaids dresses still had not arrived the day before the
wedding.
_______________________________
106
More about Apostrophes: TEST 2

Each of the sentences below contains one word that needs an apostrophe. Write the word, with its apos-
trophe, in the space provided.
1. At first, Lorraine didnt believe that the winning sweepstakes number was hers.
_______________________________
2. All of Randolphs clean laundry is piled on his bedroom floor.

_______________________________
3. The restaurant owners say theyre closing for two weeks in July in order to visit their family in Korea.
_______________________________
4. Until the car is repaired, well have to walk or take the bus everywhere.
_______________________________
5. The teachers were very impressed with Jamess research paper.

_______________________________
6. Although the videotapes quality was not very good, we still enjoyed watching the old movie.
_______________________________
7. The play focused on the three sisters very different relationships with their father, an elderly king.
_______________________________
8. Ill have to go to the store today, as the refrigerator and cupboard are practically empty.
_______________________________
9. That orange and white cat is ours, but weve never seen the black cat that is with her.
_______________________________
10. Adam slowly opened his eyes in response to the alarm clocks ringing.
_______________________________
107
More about Quotation Marks: TEST 1

Add opening and closing quotation marks where needed. One sentence does not need quotation marks.
1. Somebody has stuck gum all over my computer keyboard, Coco said angrily.
2. The performer sang, I left my heart in San Francisco.
3. If you’re not ready to go in five minutes, warned Lisa, I am leaving without you.
4. Drive especially carefully this morning, said the newscaster, because patches of fog make visibility
very poor.
5. The video store clerk explained that someone had just rented the last copy of the movie we wanted.
6. A short story called Incident at Owl Creek Bridge is famous for an unexpected twist at the end.
7. Without thinking, Cheryl blurted out, I’ll see you Saturday at your surprise birthday party.
8. Leaning down to look in the driver’s window, the state trooper said, Good afternoon. May I see
your license and registration, please?
9. The song Somewhere Over the Rainbow was first heard in the movie The Wizard of Oz.
10. The message in Jim’s fortune cookie said, A foolish man opens his mouth and shuts his ears.
108
More about Quotation Marks: TEST 2

On the lines provided, rewrite the following sentences, adding quotation marks as needed. One sentence
does not need quotation marks.
1. The play’s director said, We’ve got a lot of work to do between now and opening night.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. An article called A Little Walking Can Help Overweight Adults is in today’s Chicago Tribune.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. The speaker reminded us, Be kind to the people you meet on your way up the ladder of success.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. Rebecca announced that Thursday would be her last day on the job.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. The e-mail read, Congratulations, and went on to say, you’ve won a fabulous prize!
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. The assignment was to write a short story beginning with the line, One morning, I found an alien
sitting at the breakfast table.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. If you’re not too busy chatting, the customer said to the waiter, perhaps you could take my order.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. The billboard showed a duck with a cigarette in its mouth, along with the words, It looks just as
stupid when you do it.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
9. Turn that music down! I can’t hear myself think, Sylvia told her brother.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
10. Never give anyone you meet on the Internet personal information about yourself, warned Mr.
Sanders, because you cannot be sure who they are or what use they will make of it.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
109
More about Homonyms: TEST 1

In each space, write the word in the margin that fits the sentence.
lose. loose 1. It was foolish of my cousin to __________________ his temper and

quit, quite, quiet immediately __________________ his job.
use, used 2. My diet was hard at first, because I was __________________ to eating a
desert, dessert __________________ after every single meal.
we’re, were 3. After our friends recommended that terrible movie, __________________
advice, advise never going to trust their __________________ again.
effects, affects 4. Exercising just a little every day can have better __________________ on
than, then mental and physical health __________________ many people realize.
accepted, excepted 5. The employees __________________ a new contract that gave them
fewer, less __________________ sick days but better health insurance.
principal, principle 6. My grandfather always said his __________________ goal in life was to be
a, an known as __________________ honest man.
passed, past 7. As our ancestors did in the __________________, we are going to make our
buy, by holiday presents this year instead of __________________ them.
a, an 8. The animal-control officer responded to the report of __________________

loose, lose dog running __________________ on the highway.
passed, past 9. I _________________ the nice-looking man in the store without recognizing
principal, principle him, then realized he was the __________________ of my school.
accept, except 10. Everyone ____________________ Carla was very _____________________

quiet, quite, quit during the meeting—she talked so much no one else could get a word in.
110
More about Homonyms: TEST 2

In each space, write the word in the margin that fits the sentence.
dessert, desert 1. An enormous __________________ like the Sahara is a place of almost

quite, quit, quiet unbelievable __________________—only the wind makes any noise.
loose, lose 2. When a little kid’s tooth becomes __________________, friends often
advice, advise ______________ him or her to eat an apple in order to knock it out.
affect, effect 3. My uncle’s tragic death from lung cancer had one good _________________
quite, quit, quiet —it caused several of his relatives to __________________ smoking.
past, passed 4. Any bad decisions you’ve made in the __________________ are surely
less, fewer __________________ important than the good decisions you’ll make in the
future.
quite, quit, quiet 5. Although the Jacksons are wealthy people, they live __________________
principal, principle simply; their _________________ is to help others rather then live in luxury.
fewer, less 6. I put __________________ sugar in the cookies than the recipe called for, and
affect, effect the change didn’t __________________ the cookies’ taste at all.
used, use 7. They say of muscles, “You _________________ it or you ________________

loose, lose it.” In other words, exercise helps keep your muscles in good shape.
we’re. were 8. What __________________ some of the major social __________________

affects, effects of women going to work in factories during World War II?
advise, advice 9. I always listen to good __________________, but __________________

than, then I make my own decision.
principal, principle 10. What is the __________________ reason that you want ________________
a, an college education?
111
More about Capital Letters: TEST 1

Underline the two words that need capitalizing in each sentence. Then write those words correctly in
1. Dear mayor Johnson: Thank you for allowing me to visit your offices last Friday. The experience
was educational and enjoyable.
very truly yours,
Denise Lambert
____________________ ____________________
2. This semester, the arts 202 class will concentrate on the study of the renaissance period in Europe.
____________________ ____________________
3. Although my uncle did not graduate from high school, he became a writer on educational issues
for the associated press.
____________________ ____________________
4. I bought some beautiful holiday cards from unicef that showed photographs of african villages.
____________________ ____________________
5. In the 1500s, the period known as the reformation led to the split between the Catholic and
protestant religions.
____________________ ____________________
6. The priests at the buddhist temple downtown are natives of tibet.

____________________ ____________________
7. Dear aunt Rhea,

I hope I’ll see you this weekend at the family reunion. I have some exciting news to share.
with much love,
Emily
____________________ ____________________
8. Although my niece’s school is run by the catholic church, a number of her teachers are jewish.
____________________ ____________________
9. Randy enrolled in the class called History of western culture, but had to drop it because of a
conflict with work.
____________________ ____________________
10. A famous dinosaur movie made millions of americans familiar with the name of the jurassic period.
____________________ ____________________
112
More about Capital Letters: TEST 2

Underline the two words that need capitalizing in each sentence. Then write those words correctly in
1. In our city, you can hear radio programs in the polish and portuguese languages.
____________________ ____________________
2. In 1967, fighting broke out between Israel and Egypt in what became known as the Six day war.
____________________ ____________________
3. Before grandma retired, she was an accountant with Coachmen Recreational vehicle Company.
____________________ ____________________
4. The well-known cbs newscaster Dan Rather came to speak to the college’s Issues in broadcasting
class.
____________________ ____________________
5. Every Tuesday and Thursday, dad works out at the Maple City ymca.
____________________ ____________________
6. Because my spanish teacher is blind, she brings her guide dog, a german shepherd, to class with her.
____________________ ____________________
7. A widespread epidemic known as the black plague swept through Europe and Asia in the 1300s,
killing an estimated 25 million people.
____________________ ____________________
8. Dear Sir or madam:

Can you tell me what year Sesame Street began showing on pbs?
Thank you,
Jeremy Harrison
____________________ ____________________
9. Project hope, a support organization for people living with aids, meets at the church on
Wednesday nights.
____________________ ____________________
10. When aunt Rose visited us in New York, one of her requests was to visit the un.
____________________ ____________________
113
ANSWERS TO THE TESTS IN THE TEST BANK
Subjects and Verbs Subject-Verb Agreement
TEST 1 TEST 1
1. Subject: bee Verb: buzzed
1. is 6. require
against the window screen
2. have 7. fills
2. Subject: earrings Verb: glittered
3. taste 8. argue
in the bright morning sun.
4. produce 9. keeps
3. Subject: milk Verb: has turned
5. close 10. rank
in that pitcher
4. Subject: students Verb: reviewed

TEST 2
Before the test in the hallway.
1. a think 6. b rushes
5. Subject: mice Verb: scurry 2. a are 7. a look
In the middle of the night behind the walls 3. b have 8. a belong
of my apartment 4. a risk 9. b taste
6. Subject: chidren Verb: are
5. a sneeze 10. b sounds
in the downstairs apartment
7. Subject: Ivan Verb: was jogging
In spite of the cold weather

Sentence Types
in shorts and a t-shirt.
TEST 1
8. Subject: smoke Verb: is pouring

from the burning building.
9. Subject: cat Verb: jumped 1. Frankenstein’s monster was tall and strong, but he wasn't
During the scariest part of the movie onto my shoulder very handsome.
10. Subject: mall Verb: will be built
2. When Calista wrote her paper, she was in a rush, so it
across the street from our house
didn’t turn out well.
3. Garnets are the birthstone for January, and February’s
TEST 2 birthstone is the amethyst.
4. The hikers knew it would be a hot day, so they took
1. a 6. b
plenty of water along.
2. b 7. b
5. I don’t usually like horror movies, but I enjoyed Alien.
3. a 8. b
6. Although the African rock hyrax weighs only 10 pounds,
4. b 9. c
it is the elephant’s closest relative.
5. a 10. b
7. When Model T cars were introduced, all of them were
black.
8. It was a very quiet party since three of the guests weren’t
Irregular Verbs speaking to each other.
TEST 1 9. Because the cousins lived a thousand miles apart, they
1. a. spent b. brought had never met each other.
2. a. told b. wrote 10. Although the Beatles split up in 1970, their albums still
3. a. did b. gave sell very well.
4. a. hid b. caught TEST 2
5. a. took b. broke 1. a 6. a
2. b 7. c
TEST 2 3. a 8. a
1. b eaten 6. d knew 4. b 9. b
2. c left 7. a chose 5. a 10. c
3. c shook 8. d came
4. d forgot 9. a seen
5. b grown 10. c found
114
Fragments I TEST 2
1. a
TEST 1
2. b
Corrections may vary. 3. c
1. Louis Braille invented a writing system for the blind after 4. a
he lost his sight at an early age. 5. a
2. The plumber said he’d come over to fix our kitchen sink
when he had time.
3. Even though the cupboards were full, the children
Run-Ons and Comma Splices I
complained there was nothing to eat.
TEST 1
4. The woman behind me announced the identity of the

killer before the movie started.
5. The restaurant is located on Fairmount Avenue, which is 1. This DVD player is supposed to be simple to use, but I
just three blocks from here. can’t figure it out.
6. Whenever I smell Old Spice aftershave, I think of my
2. The theater manager made the noisy customer leave.
grandfather.
The other audience members applauded.
7. Young elephants stay with their mothers until they are
3. Gino’s calculator broke, so he couldn’t solve the
about sixteen years old.

complicated problem.
8. The marching band plays if the home team scores a

4. The wastebaskets are overflowing, and the floor is
touchdown.
covered with dirty laundry.
9. Don’t insult my cooking unless you want to cook for

5. I don’t know what my cousin wants for his birthday,
yourself.
so I’m giving him a gift certificate.
10. Because penguins have very short wings, they cannot fly. 6. The sky is dark and rainy. It’s a good day for a nap.
7. Soccer is an enjoyable game, and it’s easy to learn to
TEST 2 play.
1. b 8. The sweater looked soft and cuddly, but it felt like
2. c sandpaper.
3. a 9. Pearls are created by oysters. The pearls come in a
4. c range of colors.
5. a 10. The macaroni and cheese was tasteless, so Kelsey
poured hot sauce all over it.
Fragments II TEST 2
1. b 6. a
TEST 1 2. a 7. b
Corrections may vary. 3. a 8. c
1. The man rushed after his stolen car, yelling and waving 4. b 9. b
his arms. 5. b 10. c
2. There have been many ultra-popular fad toys, such as
Hula Hoops, Cabbage Patch Dolls, and Furbys.
3. Thomas Jefferson had many hobbies. They included
Run-Ons and Comma Splices II

architecture, writing, and playing the violin.
TEST 1
4. In order to enter the school, you must have a student ID Methods of correction may vary.
or a visitor’s pass.
1. Everyone in the audience gasped “Oooooooh” when the
5. Shari said, “You can’t speak to me that way.” She then
fireworks exploded.
left the room.
2. After the huge dinner was over, nobody had room for
6. To make a long story short, I quit my job.
dessert.
7. Hoping to get front-row seats, fans lined up to buy
3. The hat was too small for my head although it was
concert tickets hours before they went on sale.
supposed to be “one size fits all.”
8. The baby laughed and cooed at its own reflection in the

4. Because a dangerous storm is predicted for tonight, many
mirror.
community activities have been canceled.
9. Everyone in the family is mad at Jerry, including the dog.
5. If his car is not fixed by tomorrow, Jack will need a ride
10. Sitting down on the couch, Ray said, “We need to have a
to work.
serious talk.”
6. Many people think it’s good to put butter on a burn
although it can actually be harmful.
7. Because Fran had eaten cookies and watched TV all
evening, she felt sick and sluggish.
8. After we chase squirrels away from our bird feeder,
they always come back.
115
9. When the elevator got stuck between floors, trapped Quotation Marks
passengers pushed the emergency button.
10. After I read the instructions a second time, they began to TEST 1
make a little more sense. 1. The sign at the entrance of the shop said, “Unsupervised
children will be sold.”
TEST 2 2. “If life hands you lemons,” advised my grandmother,
1. a 6. b “make lemonade.”
2. a 7. a 3. “Don’t use that tone of voice with me,” the woman
3. b 8. c warned her son.
4. b 9. b 4. The carnival worker shouted, “Step right up. Everyone’s

5. a 10. c a winner.”
5. “The best thing about this movie,” wrote the critic,
“is that it’s short.”
The Comma 6. “Your call is important to us,” said the recording.
“Please continue to hold.”
TEST 1 7. The waitress paused by our table and asked, “What’ll

1. c The speed limit here is 20 miles per hour, but
you have?”
many drivers go twice that fast.
8. The sign over the cash register said, “No checks accepted.
2. b Before last night, I didn’t believe in ghosts. Don’t even ask.”
3. a Sleeping, napping, and resting are Jim’s plans for 9. “Most bats are quite harmless,” said the lecturer.
his vacation. “In addition, they eat many insects.”
4. c Luis was too warm, so he stood in front of the

10. “There are three kinds of people: those who can count
open refrigerator door.

and those who can’t,” said the bumper sticker.
5. b Until the year 1918, American women were not
allowed to vote.
TEST 2
6. a The Super Bowl party menu included sloppy joes, 1. c 6. a
chips, pretzels, ice cream, and soda. 2. a 7. c
7. b Although my cousin and her boyfriend broke up, 3. b 8. c
they have remained good friends. 4. c 9. b
8. c People used to believe the world was flat, so they 5. b 10. a
thought explorers might fall off the edge.
9. c The lobby of the hotel was beautifully decorated,
and a huge fountain stood in the center.

Homonyms
10. a Mowing lawns, raking leaves, shoveling snow,
and washing windows are good ways to make

TEST 1
some extra money.
1. it’s right
2. too breaks
TEST 2
3. Who’s whole
1. b 6. a
4. There no
2. a 7. b
5. their brakes
3. c 8. c
6. write whose
4. b 9. b
7. They’re peace
5. c 10. a
8. its holes
9. plane through
The Apostrophe 10. Your hear
TEST 1 TEST 2
1. python’s 6. we’re 1. b 6. c
2. can’t 7. isn’t 2. c 7. c
3. shouldn’t 8. Rudy’s 3. a 8. a
4. house’s 9. mother’s 4. c 9. b
5. hummingbird’s 10. I’ve 5. a 10. c
TEST 2
1. b 6. b
2. c 7. c
3. a 8. c
4. b 9. b
5. a 10. c
116
Capital Letters TEST 2
1. a There are two ways of looking at this question: my
TEST 1
way or the wrong way.
1. Carol Charles 2. c We packed up our picnic and ran to the car in order to
2. Friday Lobster escape the fast-moving storm.
3. Does Italian 3. d Someone in this family—you know who you are—
4. Although Maggie owes me an apology.
5. Buick Avenue 4. d Buffalo wings, video games, DVDs, and plenty
6. Kroger Glade of soda —everything was ready for the boys’ party.
7. September Spain 5. e Before the guests arrive, please (1) tidy up the living
8. Vampire Slayer room and (2) put the dishes in the dishwasher.
9. News Tough 6. b At the beginning of the year, Kenton had never read a
10. College School complete book; by its end, he had read more than
TEST 2 thirty of them.
7. b Our neighbors include the Foxes, a retired couple; the
1. c 6. a
Maurers, a young family with three children; and the
2. c 7. a
Fords, who have one son.
3. b 8. a
8. e The letter (which I didn’t get around to reading until
4. c 9. b
last night) contained very surprising news.
5. b 10. c
9. d Charlene’s fiancé was handsome, charming—and just
two weeks out of prison.
10. a Out of Africa, a wonderful book by Isak Dinesen,
Parallelism
begins with this line: “I had a farm in Africa, at the
TEST 1 foot of the Ngong Hills.”
1. unrealistic
2. fantastic weather Pronoun Forms
3. putting other people down
TEST 1
4. organize a holiday toy drive
5. bird seed 1. The guests brought presents for the birthday girl and sang
6. prepare pastry “Happy Birthday” to her.
7. laughter 2. According to Arthur, nobody is a better writer than he.
8. massages 3. The man whom you know as kindly “Uncle Tony” is
9. Vacuuming the house actually a dangerous criminal.
10. realized it was junk 4. My father and I spent the whole day cooking our famous
spaghetti sauce with meatballs.
TEST 2 5. Larry and Marta argued all morning about whether Larry
1. a 6. c or she would do the dishes.
2. c 7. a 6. He and I are working together on a project for history
3. b 8. c class.
4. b 9. b 7. The neighbors have asked us to water their plants while
5. a 10. c they are out of town.
8. Who is going to clean up this mess?
9. Was that phone call for you or me?
Punctuation Marks 10. She and her sister were once part of a famous song-and-
dance act.
TEST 1
1. There’s a snake crawling up your arm! TEST 2
2. How many feet are in a mile? 1. We vegetarians sometimes find it hard to eat in restaurants.
3. It’s your turn to do the dishes. 2. A young woman just called and left you her phone number.
4. Jennifer Lopez and Tom Cruise are at my front door! 3. Even though Joe and I are first cousins, we have met
5. The movie starts at 7 o’clock. each other only twice.
6. Can I help you find anything? 4. The fact that you visited me in the hospital means a lot
7. I have the most amazing news! to me.
8. That man just snatched my purse! 5. I have to meet this new teacher whom I’ve heard so
9. You look very pretty in that dress. much about.
10. Is dinner ready? 6. People waiting to buy their concert tickets formed a line
that stretched halfway down the block.
117
7. “According to our children,” Mona said, “no other parents Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
are as strict as we.”

TEST 1
8. Sharon and Nick dated for four months; then she decided
she didn’t want to see him anymore.
9. Barry said that after graduation, he and his cousin are 1. The vacuum-cleaner salesman gasped in terror as Dracula
planning a trip to California. opened the castle door.
10. With whom were you laughing so loudly? 2. The hikers climbing the hill were delighted by the
beautiful sunset.
3. The cat jumped on the kitchen counter and ate almost a

Pronoun Problems whole stick of butter.
4. The plumber retrieved from the kitchen drain the diamond
TEST 1 ring belonging to a rich lady.
1. his or her 6. one’s my 5. A man that spoke only French came to the veterinarian’s
2. its 7. your their office with his rabbit.
3. her 8. an employee 6. While I was repairing the roof, a family of squirrels
4. their 9. , “I’m in danger of failing math attacked me.
5. you me if I don’t study harder.” 7. Dreaming happily of vacation, I felt too comfortable to
10. having her picture taken. leave my bed.
8. Even after I finished the story, it didn’t make any sense.
TEST 2 (Even after finishing the story)
1. their 6. one’s my 9. The wailing child watched her balloon soar far above the
2. his or her 7. you I treetops and escape.
3. it 8. airline employees (Soaring far above the treetops)
4. he or she 9. , “Your former best friend has been 10. Since I did not want to get too personal, Jane’s ex-boyfriend
5. you they spreading rumors about you.” was of no interest to me.
10. planning her wedding (Not wanting to get too personal)
TEST 2
Adjectives and Adverbs Corrections may vary.
1. As I was leaving school one afternoon, a motorcycle nearly
TEST 1 struck me. The man with a long black ponytail who was
1. good well 6. worser worse driving the motorcycle then sped away.
2. more funnier funnier 7. bad badly 2. When Ellen pretended she hadn’t gotten the job, her friends
3. goodest best 8. leastest least felt bad for her. They celebrated nearly all evening after she
4. more taller taller 9. never ever told them the truth. (Pretending she hadn’t gotten the job,)
5. angry angrily 10. awkward awkwardly 3. When I was a tiny baby, my mother says she listened to
me cry for hours every evening. Taking me on a car ride
TEST 2 out in the country would quiet me. (As a tiny baby,)
1. a. most fanciest fanciest 4. The candy house made of gingerbread on the table is
b. couldn’t could tempting to the children. When children walk by it, little
2. a. bad badly fingers often swipe a bit of frosting or a jellybean.
b. quick quickly (Walking by it,)
3. a. most bestest best 5. As Leon talked loudly on his cell phone, other people on
b. nothing anything the train sent dirty looks in his direction. One of them
4. a. respectful respectfully pointed with his umbrella at the “No Cell Phones” sign
b. worser worse posted on the wall. (Talking loudly on his cell phone,)
5. a. good well
b. easier easily
118
Word Choice Numbers and Abbreviations
TEST 1 TEST 1
Revisions may vary. 1. one thousand ninety-three 1,093
1. Inside the haunted house, it was black as night and
2. st. street
strangely quiet.
3. Mons. Mondays
very dark 4. ninety-two 92
2. The winner of the “Best Speller” award looked proud as a 5. nine 9
peacock. 6. Serv. Service
extremely proud 7. 2 Two
3. Terrence was all decked out for his big date.
8. thirty-two 32
all dressed up
9. two thousand fifty 2050
4. If I were rich, I’d buy a really blown-out Mercedes-Benz. 10. pres. president
fully equipped
5. The man who claimed to have been kidnapped by aliens TEST 2
sounded crazy as a loon to me. 1. 2 two
insane 2. Hosp. Hospital
6. At some future point in time, the mayor will make a
3. accts. accountants
decision.
4. N.Y. New York
At some point, 5. pple. people
7. The fact of the matter is that I lost the money.
6. 7 Seven
7. six dollars and ninety-eight cents $6.98
8. Past history teaches us we can learn from our mistakes. 8. seven 7
History teaches us . . . 9. wknd. weekend
9. It is a disgrace in this modern day and age that any child 10. Tx. Texas
should lack proper medical care.
These days, it is a disgrace that . . .
10. Many people have left the city because of the fact that
More about Subjects and Verbs
there are few jobs available.
. . . because there are . . . TEST 1

1. The tattoo on Ben’s shoulder spells “Mom.”
TEST 2
Subject(s): tattoo Verb(s): spells
Revisions may vary.

2. Tomatoes and green peppers are growing in my garden.
1. At 7 p.m. yesterday evening, I saw the most totally
Subject(s): Tomatoes, peppers Verb(s): are growing
awesome movie.
3. A flock of Canada geese suddenly appeared in the yard.
a. At 7 p.m. yesterday b. a wonderful Subject(s): flock Verb(s): appeared
2. The arrested man insists that he was not involved in the 4. Before giving her paper to the teacher, Rita revised and
robbery in any way, shape, or form. Still, police insist proofread it many times.
that they have the right man. They say he has a long Subject(s): Rita Verb(s): revised, proofread
history as a crook, and that witnesses have identified him 5. In order to qualify for the job, applicants must have two
as the robber. years of related experience.
a. not in any way involved b. criminal Subject(s): applicants Verb(s): must have
3. Terri’s story about having left her homework on the
6. Through your carelessness, you could have caused a
subway is a complete crock. The chick didn’t do the
serious accident.
work. I hope the teacher doesn’t believe her.
Subject(s): you Verb(s): could have caused
a. lie b. girl 7. The milk in that cup is disgustingly sour.
4. My best friend Chris and I have been through thick and Subject(s): milk Verb(s): is
thin together. By now, we see eye to eye on almost every 8. The reasons for the big family argument were really
issue. It’s a great thing to have a friend you get along pretty silly.
with so well. Subject(s): reasons Verb(s): were
a. both good and bad times b. agree 9. In the cupboard were only two cans of soup.
5. I can’t imagine what Katy sees in her new boyfriend. I’ve Subject(s): cans Verb(s): were
tried to have a conversation with him, but I don’t think 10. The injured dog bared its teeth and snarled at the
he’s the sharpest knife in the drawer. In my personal veterinarian.
opinion, she’s pretty intelligent. Surely she could find a Subject(s): dog Verb(s): bared, snarled
smarter guy.
a. very bright b. In my opinion,
119
TEST 2 Even More about Verbs
1. Subject(s): ability Verb(s): has changed
over history. TEST 1
2. Subject(s): we Verb(s): had A. 1. squawked
For thousands of years, on verbal communication. 2. fills
3. Subject(s): letters, books, newspapers 3. fouled
Verb(s): were made 4. pointed
After the invention of writing,
4. Subject(s): telephone Verb(s): represented B. 5. was drawn

5. Subject(s): men, women Verb(s): could speak Our neighbor’s little girl drew that picture of the
to each other over great distances smiling sun.
6. Subject(s): machines Verb(s): allowed 6. were washed
across the miles Frankie washed the dinner dishes.
7. Subject(s): nothing Verb(s): has revolutionized 7. was made

like computers Teresa’s mother made Teresa’s beautiful prom dress.
8. Subject(s): e-mails, instant messages C. 8. searched
Verb(s): have become

9. likes
For many people

10. landed
9. Subject(s): ancestors Verb(s): would gasp
in surprise
10. Subject(s): you Verb(s): do agree TEST 2

A. 1. yelled
More about Subject-Verb 2. adds
3. rolled
Agreement 4. began
TEST 1
B. 5. were eaten
1. were 6. worship
2. don’t 7. love The hungry party guests ate all the appetizers.
3. are 8. enjoys 6. was answered
4. tastes 9. is A sleepy-sounding woman answered the phone.
5. fits 10. perform 7. is done
My father always does our family’s grocery shopping.
TEST 2 C. 8. stopped
1. includes 6. act 9. sells
2. has 7. needs 10. pinched
3. are 8. claims
4. makes 9. are
5. lives 10. speaks More about Run-Ons and
Comma Splices
More about Verbs TEST 1

1. The coat was made of lumpy green fabric; wearing it,
TEST 1
I felt like a giant avocado.
1. describes 6. interrupted
2. Bernie hardly ever watches TV; he says it’s a waste of
2. make 7. whistled
3. contains 8. will confess his time.
4. baked 9. will drop 3. The cell phone was hidden deep in my purse; I could
5. comforted 10. will find hear it but could not see it.
4. Celia was startled by how long the book was; it had over
TEST 2 400 pages.
1. have finished 6. had ruined 5. Saturday dawned bright and clear; it would be a perfect
2. have complained 7. had painted day for a picnic.
3. has trained 8. will have moved
4. have destroyed 9. will have decided
5. had rehearsed 10. will have memorized
120
TEST 2 More about Apostrophes
1. The computer is fairly new; however, it is already outdated.
2. Kara prepared soup and sandwiches; meanwhile, her
TEST 1
brother set the table.
1. Emily’s 6. house’s
3. College is expensive; on the other hand, college graduates 2. alligator’s 7. Jeff’s
make a lot more money than non-graduates. 3. boys’ 8. shouldn’t
4. The store manager said he’s not hiring anyone soon; 4. It’s 9. day’s
nevertheless, it wouldn’t hurt to fill out an application. 5. couldn’t 10. bridesmaids’
5. The car you sold me won’t go faster than 20 miles per hour;
furthermore, one of the doors has fallen off. TEST 2
1. didn’t 6. videotape’s
More about Commas 2. Randolph’s 7. sisters’
3. they’re 8. I’ll
4. we’ll 9. we’ve
TEST 1
5. James’s 10. clock’s
1. Good grief, Larry, don’t get so excited.
2. Carbon monoxide, which is colorless and odorless, is the
cause of many accidental poisonings. More about Quotation Marks
3. Rapper Tupac Shakur died of gunshot wounds on
September 13, 1996, in Las Vegas.

TEST 1
4. Lady, do you need some help?
1. “Somebody has stuck gum all over my computer
5. My, you are in a good mood today. keyboard,” Coco said angrily.
6. Liselle, my friend who moved to Illinois, is coming for a 2. The performer sang, “I left my heart in San Francisco.”
visit next week.
3. “If you’re not ready to go in five minutes,” warned Lisa,
7. Send your letters to the editor of The Tribune,
“I am leaving without you.”

1728 Hannaford Avenue, Hershey, Iowa 65321.
4. “Drive especially carefully this morning,” said the
8. My question, Doctor, is about the pain in my shoulder. newscaster, “because patches of fog make visibility
9. Owls, like most nocturnal animals, have very large eyes. very poor.”
10. The quinceañera, a party at which a girl’s fifteenth

5. The video store clerk explained that someone had just
birthday is celebrated, is popular in much of Latin
rented the last copy of the movie we wanted.

America.
6. A short story called “Incident at Owl Creek Bridge” is

famous for an unexpected twist at the end.
TEST 2
7. Without thinking, Cheryl blurted out, “I’ll see you
1. b Excuse me, ma’am, but you’re sitting on my coat. Saturday at your surprise birthday party.”
2. b Come with me, you poor thing, and I’ll get you some 8. Leaning down to look in the driver’s window, the state
dinner. trooper said, “Good afternoon. May I see your license
3. c The ocean liner Titanic struck an iceberg and sank on and registration, please?”
April 14, 1912, in the North Atlantic Ocean. 9. The song “Somewhere Over the Rainbow” was first
4. b Sir, could you step outside to smoke that cigar? heard in the movie The Wizard of Oz.
5. a Tonight’s main course, which we hope you’ll enjoy, 10. The message in Jim’s fortune cookie said, “A foolish
is spaghetti with grilled garlic shrimp. man opens his mouth and shuts his ears.”
6. c The wedding invitation included directions to
78 Oceanfront Boulevard, Seacrest, Florida.

TEST 2
7. c On Monday, January 1, Steve will celebrate his sixth
1. The play’s director said, “We’ve got a lot of work to do
year of freedom from cigarettes.
between now and opening night.”
8. b Honestly, I did not put that frog in the bathtub.
2. An article called “A Little Walking Can Help
9. a The brown recluse spider, a native of the Midwest, can

Overweight Adults” is in today’s Chicago Tribune.
inflict a dangerous bite.

3. The speaker reminded us, “Be kind to the people you
10. c September 2, 1945, marked the official end of World
meet on your way up the ladder of success.”

War II.
4. Rebecca announced that Thursday would be her last day

on the job.
5. The e-mail read, “Congratulations,” and went on to say,
“you’ve won a fabulous prize!”
6. The assignment was to write a short story beginning with
the line, “One morning, I found an alien sitting at the
breakfast table.”
7. “If you’re not too busy chatting,” the customer said to
the waiter, “perhaps you could take my order.”
121
8. The billboard showed a duck with a cigarette in its TEST 2
mouth, along with the words, “It looks just as stupid 1. Polish Portuguese
when you do it.” 2. Day War
9. “Turn that music down! I can’t hear myself think,” 3. Grandma Vehicle
Sylvia told her brother. 4. CBS Broadcasting
10. “Never give anyone you meet on the Internet personal 5. Dad YMCA
information about yourself,” warned Mr. Sanders, 6. Spanish German
“because you cannot be sure who they are or what use 7. Black Plague
they will make of it.” 8. Madam PBS
9. Hope AIDS
10. Aunt UN
More about Homonyms
TEST 1
1. lose quit
2. used dessert
3. we’re advice
4. effects than
5. accepted fewer
6. principal an
7. past buy
8. a loose
9. passed principal
10. except quiet
TEST 2
1. desert quiet
2. loose advise
3. effect quit
4. past less
5. quite principle
6. less affect
7. use lose
8. were effects
9. advice then
10. principal a
More about Capital Letters

TEST 1
1. Mayor Very
2. Arts Renaissance
3. Associated Press
4. UNICEF African
5. Reformation Protestant
6. Buddhist Tibet
7. Aunt With
8. Catholic Jewish
9. Western Culture
10. Americans Jurassic
122

Instructor's Manual and Test Bank: English Essentials: What Everyone Needs To Know About Grammar, Punctuation, and Usage

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Instructor's Manual and Test Bank: English Essentials: What Everyone Needs To Know About Grammar, Punctuation, and Usage

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Instructor’s Manual and

What Everyone Needs to Know

About Grammar, Punctuation,

What everyone needs to know about

Books in the Townsend Press Vocabulary Series:

Supplements Available for Most Books:

Copyright © 2004 by Townsend Press, Inc.

For even faster service, contact us in any of the following ways:

HINTS FOR INSTRUCTORS 1

A Suggested Method for Using the Book in Class 1

General Hints for Teaching Grammar Skills 2

A Note on the Online Exercises 3

A Note on the Student Answer Key 4

Keeping Us Honest and Answering Your Questions 4

DIAGNOSTIC AND ACHIEVEMENT TESTS 5

Diagnostic Test of Basic Written English 5

Achievement Test of Basic Written English 9

ENGLISH ESSENTIALS ANSWER KEY 15

Answers to the “Check Your Understanding” Activities 15

Answers to the Practices and Tests

7 Run-Ons and Comma Splices I 24

8 Run-Ons and Comma Splices II 25

19 Adjectives and Adverbs 36

20 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers 37

23 More about Subjects and Verbs 39

24 More about Subject-Verb Agreement 40

25 More about Verbs 41

26 Even More about Verbs 42

27 More about Run-Ons and Comma Splices 43

28 More about Commas 43

29 More about Apostrophes 44

30 More about Quotation Marks 44

31 More about Homonyms 45

32 More about Capital Letters 45

34 Ten Proofreading Tests 47

Subjects and Verbs 52

A SUGGESTED METHOD FOR USING THE BOOK IN CLASS

For the remainder of the course:

GENERAL HINTS FOR TEACHING GRAMMAR SKILLS

2 Give continual feedback. Frequent, supportive feedback is essential to the learning

5 Keep explanations simple. Overuse of traditional grammatical terminology may

6 Use students’ names whenever possible. Personalized lessons are memorable

7 Use real-life examples whenever possible. Such examples can be combined

A NOTE ON THE ONLINE EXERCISES

KEEPING US HONEST AND ANSWERING YOUR QUESTIONS

your answers on the sheet provided.

You have 40 minutes to complete the 50 items on the test.

14. There is two reasons I can’t come to the party.

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Achievement Test of SECTION: ___________ DATE: _______________________

answers on the sheet provided.

You have 40 minutes to complete the 50 items on the test.

more time for studying. written:

c. My sister wakes up an hour earlier each day. She a. your b. one’s c. my

wants to have more time for studying.

One correct way to write the above sentence is:

19. The supermarket would close in ten minutes, several

they planned a weekend together.

c. The two sisters hadn’t seen each other for months

b. Since it was raining cats and dogs, and I didn’t want

of intelligence or brains, he is in fact extremely written:

bright. a. “On Sundays, Mom c. “on Sundays, mom

Achievement Test of SECTION: _ DATE: _____________

Diagnostic/Achievement Test of SECTION: _ DATE: _______________

1. ___ 18. _ 35. ___

2. ___ 19. _ 36. ___

3. ___ 20. _ 37. ___

4. ___ 21. _ 38. ___

5. ___ 22. _ 39. ___

7. ___ 24. _ 41. ___

8. ___ 25. _ 42. ___

9. ___ 26. _ 43. ___

10. ___ 27. _ 44. ___

11. ___ 28. _ 45. ___

12. ___ 29. _ 46. ___

13. ___ 30. _ 47. ___

14. ___ 31. _ 48. ___

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16. ___ 33. _ 50. ___

17. _ 34. _