2013
VII Simposio Internacional sobre
Standards of Energy Efficiency of Induction
Motors: Latin American Context
Carlos Mario Londoño Parra, Edwin Herlyt Lopera Mazo, Felipe Valencia Arroyave
 different authors have proposed involve the efficiency of
Abstract—In this paper a comparison between the energetic
efficiency of induction machines in Latin America and the so
called Developed Countries is presented. The comparison reveals
that Latin America presents a considerable delay in the
implementation of classification standards and methods for
testing the efficiency of electric motors more widely used
worldwide: IEC 60034-30:2008, IEC 60034-2-1: 2007, IEEE
112:2004 and EPAct'92, compared with the countries of the
European Union, the United States, China, Australia, and other
developed countries where these standards have been adopted. In
addition, the comparison reflects the absence of programs in the
region focused on improving the energy efficiency of electric
motors. Moreover, there are a limited number of laboratories
accredited under an international standard for testing the
efficiency of induction motors, so most Latin American countries
are obliged to establish recognition agreements with other
countries in order to validate the results of this test.
Index Terms—Electric motor system, Energy efficiency
standards, Mutual recognition agreements, Test laboratories
I. INTRODUCTION
T HE energy crisis of the 1970's, the progression of weather
changes, and the increasing of greenhouse effect motivate
to the governments to define policies and regulations to
encourage improvements in the quality and efficiency of
energy supply.
In the energetic context, the electric energy prevails over
other forms of energy, becoming an essential mean for
industrial progress and society welfare. The electric energy
involves very wide application areas where electric machines
play a key role (electric machines have been cataloged as a
fundamental element in the productive chains) [1].
In particular, it is estimates that the induction motors
consume about 70% of the total electric energy in industrial
applications, mainly in devices such as compressors, pumps,
fans and mechanic traction [2], [3], [4], [5].
In order to analyze the energy efficiency of electric motors
Carlos Mario Londoño Parra is working as professor at Instituto
Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín, Colombia (e-mail:
carloslondono@itm.edu.co).
Edwin Herlyt Lopera Mazo is working as professor at Instituto
Tecnológico Metropolino. Also, he has a PhD position at Universidad
Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Colombia (e-mail:
eloperam@unal.edu.co).
Felipe Valencia Arroyave is working as researcher at Universidad
Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Colombia (e-mail:
fvalenc@unal.edu.co).
others devices associated to their performance [2], [6]. Often,
this concept is defined as Electric Motor System (EMS). EMS
establishes a relationship between the efficiency of the own
motor and the efficiencies of the control system, the power
source, the speed driver, the transformer, and the mechanical
transmission system (gear, brake, clutch, transmission, etc.)
[7], [8]. In this sense, it is evident that an inefficient
component will produce a negative effect on the global
performance of the EMS [3].
Several studies published between years 2006 and 2011 [2],
[9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], coincide in that
EMS demands between 43% and 46% of total consumption of
worldwide electricity (Fig. 1). This consumption was
estimated in about 6000 TWh in 2005 and its contribution to
CO2 emission was near to 4400 Mt (approximately 16% of
total emission related with energy) [16].
Light
19%
Motors
Electronics
46%
10%
Electrolysis
3%
Heat
Standby 19%
3%
Fig. 1. Estimated electric energy consumption for each utilization sector [12].
In 2010, electricity sector accounted 41% of CO2 emission
[18]. Although the grams emission of CO2 per kWh of
produced electricity varies between countries, and depend of
the combination of the used energy sources, it is expected that
between 2010-2030 electricity energy demanded by EMS will
increase from 8360 TWh/year to 13360 TWh/year (about
63%), with the consequent increasing in CO2 emissions from
6040 Mt to 8570 Mt (approximately 75%) [2], [16], [6].
The global demand of electric energy consumed for EMS in
2009 was estimated at 6919 TWh/year, classified by motor
size, as presented in Table I, medium-sized motors (powers
between 0.75kW and 375kW), with about 230 millions of
installed units, consumed about 68% (4776 TWh/año) [19].
These values reveal that medium-sized motors produce the
major electric energy consumption and therefore constitute a
key target for most accepted international standards of the
electric motor efficiency.
To aim to improving productivity and sustainability of
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VII Simposio Internacional sobre
industrial enterprises and contribute to the reducing of the at the stator copper, at the rotor copper, by friction and
greenhouse effect, it is essential that all participants of cooling, and load-dependent additional losses [27], [28].
motorized systems join efforts to get potential energy savings. Therefore, efficiency is determined if it is known a power
In this sector, savings are estimated close to 20% to 30%, (output or input) and the losses.
which account a reduction of total global electricity The main difference between international standards used to
consumption near to 10% [2], [6], [20], [21], [22] [23]. measure induction motor efficiency is the method to calculate
the load-dependent additional losses. These losses are more
TABLE I
ELECTRIC POWER DEMANDED BY INDUCTION MOTORS [16]
complex to determine that the others, so the process to
Number
calculate them has generated an intense debate along decades
All kinds Output size Pm (kW) running Electricity demand [5], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46]. Moreover, the simple
of electric stock approach to determine efficiency directly by measure of the
motors Total
Min Max Million TWh/a fraction input electric power with a wattmeter and output mechanical
GW
Small 0.001 0.75 316 2000 632 9.1% power using a torque sensor, and speed with a tachometer,
Medium 0.75 375 2182 230 4676 67.6% could lead to big mistakes. Even, this estimation is more
Large 375 100000 450 0.60 1611 23.3% complicated in high efficiency motors where both powers are
Total 2948 2230 6919 100.0%
bigger than the motor losses [13].

In order to evaluate different required strategies and policies

to improve energy efficiency of electric motor is essential to
have specialized laboratories and systematic processes to
properly calculate such efficiency. In this sense, international
standardization organizations have established several
regulations to define the conditions to determine the efficiency
of an electric motor.
This research shows that in Latin America and Caribbean
(LA&C) there is a significant delay in the implementation of
standards related to the efficiency of electric motor and there
are very few accredited testing laboratories to apply the
necessary tests to certificate the efficiency of this type of
machines.
This paper is divided in two main sections which present a
state of the art on efficiency standards and mutual recognition
agreements and support programs to efficiency of electric
motor system in LA&C.
II. EFFICIENCY STANDARDS AND MUTUAL RECOGNITION
AGREEMENTS
International standards provide to countries a common
language to facilitate trade by classification, specification and
labeled of products, in order to establish quality level of
processes and services, to regulate test procedures and
certification of products, to offer a mechanism to join efforts
to fight against weather changes, to secure interchangeability
of products and interoperability of processes, and to serve as
support to governments to legislate about health, security,
environment and energy efficiency [24]. Thereby,
international standards create global confidence.
A. Energy losses in electric motors
From [25], [26], efficiency of an electric induction motor
(  ) is defined as the relationship between the produced
mechanical power and consumed electrical power, i.e.
 o  i  l
P P P
Pi Pi
where  P correspond to power losses.
l
The electric motor presents five kind of losses: at the core,
B. Energy efficiency standards in LA&C
Studies on energy efficiency carried out in LA&C between
2004 and 2011 analyzed the situation and prospects of the
implemented actions and instruments used to improve energy
efficiency. Such studies have been mainly focused in five
aspects: advances in political, normative and institutional
framework; participants; resources and financial mechanisms
of energy efficiency programs; the results of these programs;
and learned lessons [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36].
An evaluation of the reports presented in these studies
shown that most countries over this region have started
individual programs, projects and national initiatives, and have
implemented laws to improve energy efficiency. Some of
these programs are: PUREE and PAyEE in Argentina,
PROCEL in Brazil, PROURE and CONOCE in Colombia,
PRONACE in Costa Rica, CUREN in Chile, PAE in Ecuador,
CONAE and FIDE in Mexico, PREE in Peru, PAEC in Cuba,
PESIC in Honduras, and PEE in Uruguay. These programs
present several approaches in aspects such as size and
economic conformation of countries, population distribution,
technology and information access, financing possibilities,
development of regulating instruments, and environmental,
cultural and social aspects [30].
However, in these reports appeared in a similar way some
problems: insufficient regulations; lack of institutional control
and coordination, with respect to accomplishment of existing
regulations; few financial sources oriented to energy
efficiency programs; low stimulus level in order to incorporate
technologies and projects to favor a rational and efficient
energy use; and absence of indicators on achievements of
national programs of energy efficiency. Despite of the
availability of data bases in the region related to energy
programs, most countries do not have reliable and systematic
information in order to monitor the results of these energy
efficiency programs. For this reason, the Comisión Económica
para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) has proposed to
create indicators to evaluate energy efficiency activities in the
region [36], [37].
Latin America has followed suggestions from Collaborative

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VII Simposio Internacional sobre
Labeling and Appliance Standards Program (CLASP) [34]. management system used for the testing procedures [13], [39],
From such suggestions, it has been possible to identify seven [40]. This quantity of diverse electric motor efficiency
sectors where are centralized the politics and programs on standards complicates direct comparison of efficiency
efficiency applied to final use of electric energy. These sectors indicators and obstructs trade of efficient motors.
are: illumination, buildings, cogeneration, transport, electrical
appliances, pumping systems, and electric motors. In the first USA, Canada & Mexico Russia
six categories, most countries of the region present important (NEMA) (GOST)
advances, but excepting Brazil, Mexico and Chile, the rest of Europe
(CEMEP) Korea
countries do not have shown enough interest to improve (KEMCO
electric motor efficiency [15], [38]. )
Japan
(JIS)
Taiwan
C. Mutual Recognition Agreements and Multilateral (CNS)
China
Agreements (CCC)
India
The determination of the efficiency of an electric motor (IS)
implies two important concepts: i) a test procedure to calculate South Africa
energy performance of the motor, developed in an accredited (SABS) Australia
Brazil (AS/NS)
test laboratory, and ii) an established limit over energy (ABTN)
consumption, globally known as Minimum Energy
Fig. 3. Significant agreements and energy efficiency standards for electric
Performance Standards (MEPS). Fig. 2 shows a simplified motors worldwide [57].
procedure to certificate electric motor efficiency. The use of
this scheme allows assuring the accomplishment of procedure In this sense, IEC has worked joined to NEMA, CEMEP,
technical standards and test methods for evaluating electric JEMA, IEEE, and other international organizations in order to
motor efficiency. Moreover, following the procedure harmonize the procedure standards and the test methods; the
presented in Fig. 2 is possible to satisfy and/or achieve Mutual efficiency classes; and the subsequent process of motor
Recognition Agreements (MRAs) or Multilateral Agreements labeling, with the purpose of recognizing high efficiency
(MLAs) approved by accreditation organisms. Notice that motors in the market. As a result of this work, many countries
MRAs and MLAs required the acceptance of the technical have adopted an efficiency classification scheme (IEC 60034-
competence of the laboratory responsible for emitting the 30:2008) and test methods (IEC 60034-2-1:2007) applied to
certificate. In any case, the tests to determine motor efficiency electric motors [13].
should be done by an accredited test laboratory.
TABLE II
Standards and technical regulations MEPS, CLASSIFICATION STANDARDS AND TEST METHODS FOR ELECTRIC
MOTORS [17]
Efficiency Efficiency Classes Testing Standard Performance Standard
Conformity Assessment Levels
3-phase
induction IEC 60034-30 IEC 60034-2-1 Mandatory MEPS***
motors
Testing laboratories Global classes IE- incl. stray load
Code losses
National Policy Goal
2007;
2008; rev. 2012 *
International Mutual Recognition rev. 2012 **
National Accreditation Super ---
Agreements
Premium IE4
Efficiency ---
Preferred Method Canada
Certification and labeling of motor efficiency Premium Mexico
IE3
Efficiency USA
Europe**** 2015/2017
Fig. 2. Electric motors efficiency certification process Australia
Brazil
Fig. 3 shows some of most important international, regional Summation of
China
High losses with load
and national technical standards on classification, test Efficiency
IE2
test:
Europe
procedures and labeled of induction motor energy efficiencies. PLL determined South Korea
from New Zealand
On the other hand, the Table II presents a summary of the Switzerland
residual loss
most widely used classes for the efficiency of electric motor. Costa Rica
Standard
Nowadays there are many international mutual recognition Efficiency
IE1 Israel
agreements to evaluate the acceptance and certification of Taiwan
laboratories that satisfy the requirements of the standard **) for three- ***) Minimum ****) Europe 2015
*) Sizes 0.12
ISO/IEC17025:2005. Those agreements are validated and kW- 800kW,
phase machines, Energy (below 7.5 kW), 2017,
rated output power Performance IE3 or IE2 + Variable
accepted depending upon the technical competency and the 50 and 60 Hz
< 1 MW Standard Speed Drive

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VII Simposio Internacional sobre
The IEC 60034-30:2008 standard defines the classes IE1 advances in electric motor energy efficiency is an important
(Standard Efficiency), IE2 (High Efficiency), and IE3 pendent issue in most LA&C countries. The main regional
(Premium Efficiency), for three-phase induction motors from initiative on this aspect corresponds to CT 52-005 technical
0.75 kW to 375 kW, 50/60 Hz, 1000 V, of 2, 4 and 6 poles. committee of the Comisión Panamericana de Normas
There is a calendar to apply these efficiency classes as Table II Técnicas (COPANT). This committee has proposed a new
shows: IE3 is obligatory in USA (2010), Canada (2010), standard titled “Energy efficiency. Three-phase induction
Mexico (2010), EU (2015-2017), and voluntary in Japan motors. Efficiency and power factor determination”. This
(2015); IE2 is obligatory in Australia (2006), Korea (2008), standard is in voting process, so has not been yet accepted by
Brazil (2009), China (2011), EU (2011), Taiwan (2013), and any National Standard Body (NSB) of the region [42], [43].
voluntary in India (2011); IE1 currently is applied in many Table IV shows the energy efficiency standards for three-
countries of Latin America, Asia and Africa. phase induction motors in LA&C. Most of them have a similar
The IEC standards do not yet have into account EMS title ("Energy Efficiency. AC motors, three-phase induction
concept, however the publication of revised standard, squirrel-cage type, rated output of 0746-373 kW. Limits, test
programmed to 2012, will probably include all motor classes
TABLE IV
(from 0.12kW to 800kW; 2, 4, 6, 8 poles; and permanent ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS FOR INDUCTION MOTORS IN LA&C.
magnet motors). In addition, it is probable that efficiency SOURCE: NATIONAL STANDARDS BODIES OF EACH COUNTRY, 2011.
classification be extended to IE4, and it is possible that it Reference
Country Standard Current
includes IE5 class (Ultra-Premium Efficiency), which at Standard
Emitted, validity: IEC 60034-2-1;
present is not available [14], [28], [1], [41]. In Table III others Argentina IRAM 62405
15/7/2010 IEC 60034-30
updated and supplementary standards are presented. In those ABNT NBR Published:
IEC 60034-1
standards, characteristics such as total energy efficiency are Brazil
17094-1:2008 12/12/2002 in force
accounted. In this sense, motor, frequency drive, and operated NBR 5383-1:1999
in force IEC 60034-1
(ABNT 1999)
equipment (pump, fan, compressor, transporter, etc.) were IEC 60034-1;
recognized as a unified system. Published:2009
Chile NCh3086.Of2008 IEC 60034-2-1;
Effective:2011
Unfortunately, whereas many countries progressively are IEC 60034-5
IEC 60034-2-
using High Efficiency and Premium Efficiency motors, the NTC 3477 Ratified: 2008-12-10
1:2007
Colombia Draft Technical
TABLE III NTC 3477;
RETIQ, Annex E Regulation
CURRENT OVERVIEW OF STANDARD IEC [17] IEC 60034-2-1
July 8, 2010
Related Approved and COPANT 152-
Description Standard Title Publication INTE 28-01-10-
Motors published 005: Efficiency
08
Evaluation October 2008 classes
IEC Rating and
and 2010 Approved and
60034-1 performance INTE 28-01-11- COPANT 152-
performance Costa Rica published
08 005: Labeling
Standard methods October 2008
for determining Approved and COPANT 152-
Standard INTE 28-01-12-
losses and published 005: Test
IEC 2007 Motors (AC, 08
efficiency from October 2008 Methods
60034-2-1 (in review) DC and
tests (excluding Cuba NC 719 Effective since 2009 ISO 15550: 2006
synchronous)
machines for
traction vehicles) Released: 2009-06-16 NTC 5105;
Specific methods Ecuador NTE 2498:2009 Approved: 2009-02- NTP 399.450;
for determining 27 IRAM 62405
Special Published on
Efficiency separate losses of Honduras NHN 5:2008 Not available
IEC motors and December 17, 2009
test large machines 2010
60034-2-2 high power NOM-016-ENER- CAN/CSA C390
from tests- Mexico 2010-10-20
motors 2010 IEEE 112
supplement to IEC
60034-2-1 NOM-016: 2002;
Specific test Published on March CSA C390;
Nicaragua NTON 10 007-08
methods for 10, 2010 IEEE 112;
IEC determining losses 2011 NEMA MG 1
Drive motors NTP Published: 2008-12- IEC 60034-2-
60034-2-3 and efficiency of (draft)
converter-fed AC 399.450:2008 17 1:2007
Peru
motors NTP IEC 60034- IEC 60034-2-
Published : 2010-03-2
Induction 2-1:2010 1:2007
Efficiency classes Published, January NOM-016: 2002;
motors of
of single-speed, 22, 2009. Effective CSA C390;
Efficiency IEC 2008 0.75 kW to Salvador NSO 29.47.02:08
three-phase, August, 2009. Under IEEE 112;
classes 60034-30 (in review) 375 kW, 2-
cage-induction Consideration NEMA MG 1
pole 4.6; of
motors (IE-code)
50/60Hz Approved November
IEC 60034-1:
Selection of 2010 by the General
2010
energy-efficient Uruguay UNIT 1192:2010 Committee of
IEC 60034-2-1:
Application IEC motors including Motors and Standards on
2010 2007
Guide 60034-31 variable speed inverters December 15, 2010
applications - COVENIN
Venezuela In Review ---
Application guide 862:1976

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VII Simposio Internacional sobre
methods and labeling"), and refer or literally quote the content TABLE V
of an international standard or part of the technical data of this TESTING LABORATORIES OF MOTOR EFFICIENCY ACCREDITED IN LA&C
SOURCE: NATIONAL ACCREDITATION BODIES OF EACH COUNTRY, 2011.
standard. These standards comply with the precepts specified
Laboratory/ Specifications/
in Annex 3 of the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade Country Standard
Institution Tests
(Code of practice for the preparation, adoption and application Instituto
of technical standards - ISO, 2010); therefore its application in Argentino de Efficiency Labeled Tests. IEC
IEC 60034-
Ensayos de 60034-2-1: 2007 Sólo cláusulas
each country is recognized internationally. Argentina* Verificación S.A. 5.7, 6.4.2, 6.4.4.1, 6.4.4.2,
2-1: 2007
Before update of the standards IEC in 2007 (test methods) IADEV 6.4.5.3, 8.2.2.1, 8.2.2.2, 8.2.2.3,
and 2008 (efficiency classification), Colombia was recognized 8.2.2.4 y 8.2.2.5.1 IEC 60034-
Lenor SRL
2-1: 2007
in region because applied standards on efficiency motor using
Instituto de
the methods IEEE 112 (NTC 5111: 2002) and IEC 61972 Eletrotécnica e ABNT NBR 17094-1:2008
(NTC 5293: 2004). In addition, this country currently has a Energia da Rotating electrical machines –
ABNT NBR
project of Technical Regulation of Labeled (RETIQ), which Universidade de Three-phase induction motors.
17094-1;
São Paulo - Part 1: establishes the minimum
takes into account a method to determine energy efficiency of IEE/USP requirements for induction
three-phase induction motors. It is expected this standard is ABNT NBR
Brazil CEPEL Centro de motors.
5383-1;
applied from 2012. Pesquisas de ABNT NBR 5383-1:2002
Energia Electrica applicable tests to determine the
ABNT NBR
Labelo Pontifícia performance characteristics of
5110
Universidade three-phase induction motors and
D. Accredited test laboratories in LA&C verification
Católica do Rio
Agencies of normalization and national accreditation, Grande do Sul
researchers and industrial sector recognize the importance of Laboratorio de NOM-016-ENER Energetic
NOM-014-
Pruebas ANCE, Efficiency in Three-phase motors
accreditation of the test laboratories. Some LA&C A.C. México up to 5 hp
ENER-2004
governments have shown important advances in legislation IEEE 112, Method B Electric
GEIMM Ultra
and/or have training programs related with energy efficiency Motor Efficiency - Input-Output IEEE 112-B;
Test Lab.,
with Loss Segregation (for
of electric motors. Nevertheless, LA&C is not prepared Monterrey García,
accreditation purposes, CSA C390,
properly to face the challenge to locally certify the energy NL 66000,
equivalent to CSA C390, Method Method 1
México
efficiency of induction motors. This problem remains because 1)
there are not an adequate number of accredited test 1) Tests for determining energy
efficiency to product certification
laboratories. Therefore, most countries in region are obligated ANCE under NOM-014 and NOM-014-
to trust in nameplate data of motors and its available technical NOM-016. ENER-2004;
documentation. Moreover, most these countries are obligated Siemens, S.A. de 2) Determination of energy
C.V. Laboratorio efficiency for squirrel-cage NOM-016-
to establish multilateral agreements of mutual recognition with de Pruebas induction motors, Canadian ENER-2010;
foreign accredited motor test laboratories. PEM-LAB standard (C390 of CSA),
As shown in the Table V, few countries in LA&C have Mexican Official Standard NOM- IEEE-112
Mexico
014 (single) and NOM-016 método B
accredited test laboratories: there are two in Argentina, three (three-phase), IEEE-112 method
in Brazil, five in Mexico, and one in Peru. B, valid.
Test efficiency of electric motors
III. SUPPORT PROGRAMS FOR EFFICIENCY OF ELECTRIC according to the scope and NOM-016-
USEM de procedures given in Method B of ENER-2010;
MOTOR SYSTEM México, S.A. de Institute Standard 112 (IEEE)
The European Union, the United States, Canada, China and C.V., Apodaca Test Method for induction motors IEEE 112-B;
NL 66600, and polyphase generators, and
Australia have wide experience implementing national and MEXICO Method 1 of the Canadian CSA C390,
regional programs and projects to improve efficiency of EMS. Standards Association (CSA) Method 1
Some examples of this initiative are specialized conferences standard C390
NOM-016-
such as EEMODS (International Conference on Energy WEG de México,
ENER-2010;
Efficiency in Motor Driven Systems) and MDS (Motor Driven S.A. de C.V.
Determining the efficiency by NMX-J-
Laboratorio de
Systems Conference) celebrated for first time in 2012. In methods A, B, E1, F1 075/3-1994-
Pruebas de Media
ANCE;
particular, EEMODS has had great success congregating Tensión
IEE112-2004
international experts and interested public, including FIEE: Facultad de
politicians, motors manufacturers, academics and final users Motors. Generators. Motors AC /
Ingeniería
DC. No load test; Load test;
of EMS [12]. Eléctrica y
Speed torque test; Efficiency test;
Electrónica. NOM-016-
In last fifteen years, it have been established several Peru
Universidad
Insulation test; winding
ENER-2010;
regional negotiated agreements related with efficiency classes resistance test; Applied voltage
Nacional de
test; and Induced voltage testing
of three-phase induction motors of squirrel-cage, some of most Ingeniería de
(2 VN, 2 FN).
Lima
important are described below:
* Lenor SRL has subsidiaries with certification scope in China: Lenor Asia Ltd.,
A. EU CEMEP agreement Chile: Lenor Chile Ltda., and Colombia: Lenor Colombia SAS.
This voluntary agreement began in 2000 and had validity

Noviembre 2 7, 28 y 29
Medellín Colombia

until 2010. This agreement took into account normalized
motors IEC 60034 with powers of 1.1 to 90 kW, 2 and 4 poles,
and 400V-50 Hz, according to IEC 60034-2:1996. This
agreement classified to motors in three efficiency categories.
These categories indicated the rating efficiency values like a
function of poles number and IEC size that a motor must
comply. In 2009, European Commission published 640/2009
regulation to apply 2009/125/CE directive, which includes
electric motors in Eco-Design program, and establishes a
calendar to start a new agreement EU MEPS.
B. EU MEPS agreement
The European Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards
(EU MEPS) is recognized as the most important agreement
about energy efficiency of low voltage motors. This agreement
specifies the minimum limit of efficiency that a three-phase
motor should to meet to be included in European market.
Manufacturers are obligated to mark in a permanent form the
International Efficiency (IE) in nameplate of motor and report
it on its respective technical documentation. MEPS is based in
new standards IEC 60034-2-1:2007 and IEC 60034-30:2008
and will develop in three phases from 2011. This standard
classified the motors in four categories as shown in Table II.
C. TOPMOTORS program
This is a program of Federal Energy Office of Switzerland
(S.A.F.E.) focused to improving of EMS efficiency. Their
main objectives are dissemination of information, consultancy
services, good training practices, and audits. TOPMOTORS
coordinates every two years the international conference
“Motor Summit” which emphasizes in aspects related with test
laboratories of electric motors [6].
D. 4E-EMSA program
The Electric Motor Systems Annex (EMSA) program was
established in 2008 as a part of the Efficient Electrical End-
Use Equipment agreement (4E) of the International Agency of
Energy. EMSA is centered in improvement of the efficiency
of electric motor considering it as a complete system,
including coupled equipment. Its objective is increasing
energy efficiency of EMS in about 20% or 30% in next 20
years. The EMSA C task, titled The Task Testing Center,
began early 2009 and currently it has more than 70 members
in about 25 countries in five continents. The goal of this job is
to increase quality of test laboratories of electric motors
worldwide by implementing networks between laboratories in
different countries [44]. It is expected that achievements of
this program facilitate a dialog between experimental
laboratories in order to develop better practices and
procedures of the new standard IEC 60034-2-1. Australia is
the leader on this job and other participants are Denmark,
Switzerland and South Africa [45].
E. Round Robin test
IEC promotes this project in order to determine variations
2013
VII Simposio Internacional sobre
of electric motor efficiency reported by different test
laboratories worldwide. It is expected the results help to
estimate more accurately the level of uncertainty in testing
methods for electric motors in order to evaluate the deviation
of the test measurements and to define the precision of the
instrumentation. In this project participated 13 laboratories in
12 countries and they were done 68 tests. The results of this
job will be considered to improve and optimize test procedures
of IEC 60034-2-1 and to revise the tolerance limit of IEC
60034-1 standard [46], [47].
F. European Motor Challenge Programme
The European Commission promotes this voluntary
program from 2003. This program help to enterprises to
enhancing energy efficiency of systems driven for electric
motors. Essentially, it is a program oriented to loads with high
potential energy savings such as air compressor, fans and
pumping systems [6].
G. NEMA premium
The Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct92) imposed the
MEPS for motors of 1-200 hp, 60 Hz, 2, 4 and 6 poles (IE2
class). EPAct92 began in 1997 and became a world leader of
MEPS for electric motors. EPAct92 identified seven common
steps to all MEPS implementations: i) definitions and covered
products (MG1); ii) efficiency rate levels; iii) the procedures
standards and the test methods (IEE112 standard); iv) label
standards; v) process of test laboratories accreditation; vi)
compliance, observance and execution of reports (DOE and
NEMA); and vii) execution calendars and revision of standard
[48], [49]. In 1993 NEMA incorporated motors of 201-500 hp.
In 2001, EPAct92 adopted the NEMA premium efficiency
levels for motors of 1-500 hp, 60 Hz, 2, 4 and 6 poles. The B
Method of IEEE 112 standard is widely recognized for its
precision in determining motor efficiency, mainly because it
determine load dependent losses in indirect form [50].
Others international programs that promote EMS
development are presented in Table VI.
H. LA&C case
In LA&C there are general programs of regional character
focused to the improvements of energy efficiency, such as:
Caribbean Sustainable Energy Program (CSEP), Caribbean
Renewable Energy Development Program (CREDP), LA&C
Energy Efficiency Program (PALCEE), and Latin America
Network for Energy Efficiency (RED-LAC-EE). Also, there
are politic conversations and seminars about energy
efficiency. In addition, some countries like Mexico, Brazil and
Chile have promoted programs to achieve a market
transformation toward the use of more efficient equipment.
However, despite of these initiatives it is difficult to find an
important program or a relevant activity specifically dedicated
to the induction motor and much less to EMS.
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VII Simposio Internacional sobre
TABLE VI especially dedicated programs to fomenting improvements in
SUPPORT PROGRAMS TO EMS EFFICIENCY [12] electric motor efficiency.
Country Program Name Description It is possible that the most serious difficulties that LA&C
Equipment Energy MEPS; test compliance in accredited countries face to locally evaluate electric motor efficiency are
Australia
Efficiency (E3) Program laboratories lack in accredited test laboratories under an international
Energy auditor training, audit standard as ISO/IEC 17025, and incapacity to do tests
KLIMA:AKTIV Energy guidelines motor systems
Austria Efficient Companies (compressed air systems, fans, according to the reach and procedures defined in IEC60034-2-
Program pumps), the template for audit reports, 1:2007 or NEMA, IEEE 112B standards. This research shows
awards, workshops, conferences that LA&C only has 11 laboratories: 8 in Mexico and Brazil,
China Energy Label;
China Energy Savings
and 3 in Argentina and Peru. Therefore in order to determine
Program; China Motor electric motor efficiency either to new machines or after
MEPS; labeled, accredited
China System Market
laboratories program maintenance or a reparation operation is imperative to increase
Transformation the quantity of certified testing laboratories in this region.
Program; Motor Systems
Challenge
Program for Improving
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