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The BSI committee responsible for the im- Where possible, this choice should be dis-
plementation of EN 1993-2 (B/525/10), cussed with the fabricator as it may influence
through its UK National Annex, considered the design or fabrication procedures.
that the link between design requirements
and execution quality was inadequately Designing and specifying a single QSC each
expressed by the two documents, EN 1090-2 detail category for the whole bridge structure
and EN 1993-1-9; it therefore published a to suit the most onerous requirement any-
guidance document, PD 6705-2, that gave where in the bridge may minimize design
more detailed execution requirements, related effort, but could result in increased cost and
to the design requirements for fatigue. It time for execution and inspection as there is
achieved this by introducing numbered ‘quan- likely to be a higher incidence of non-
tified service categories’ (QSC), enumerated conformances and repair, particularly if there
as, for example, F56, with the number corre- happens to be just a single location where a
sponding to the reference value of fatigue high QSC is needed.
strength at 2 million cycles – i.e. the same
numbering as for detail categories in EN Alternatively, the QSC may be specified
1993-1-9. separately for each detail. This approach
SCI P185 Guidance notes on best practice in steel bridge construction 2.12/1
GN212
Guidance Note
No. 2.12
No. 2.12
80 N/mm2. If the location of a joint is subject and an increase in expensive repair quantity
to high fatigue loads, the designer could is likely.
specify that the joint is welded from both
sides and the weld ground flush. This would In the event that the designer specified QSC
increase the EN 1993-1-9 detail category to F112 for such details generally in the struc-
112, i.e. the reference value of the fatigue ture, the impact on cost would be excessive,
strength at 2 million cycles ∆σc would be as it is unlikely that details in other locations
112 N/mm2 and the QSC for the detail can be would require such a high QSC: without the
specified as F112. fabricator being informed otherwise, all such
details would be subjected to the same level
The fabrication effort to grind the weld in of NDT and onerous acceptance criteria.
order to verify the detail for the higher stress
range leads to moderate additional cost for Practical requirements for QSC in highway
grinding, fabrication costs are increased and railway bridges
much more significantly by the more exten- The fatigue stress ranges in a bridge vary
sive supplementary NDT and likely increase according to the type of structure and the
in repairs. location of the detail within the structure. The
tables at the end of this Note summarize the
These extra costs arise because the SHW ranges found in typical bridges.
Series 1800, Table 18/6, requires that joints
specified QSC F112 made from plate thicker References
than 20 mm shall be subject to 100% magnet- 1. BS EN 1993-1-9:2005. Eurocode 3. Design
ic particle or penetrant testing, 100% of steel structures. Fatigue
ultrasonic testing and 50% radiographic 2. EN 1090-2:2008+A1:2011 Execution of steel
testing. structures and aluminium structures. Tech-
nical requirements for steel structures.
Radiographic testing is a particularly compli- 3. BS EN ISO 5817:2014. Welding. Fusion-
cated, specialist and expensive procedure welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and
that also demands stringent health and safety their alloys (beam welding excluded). Quali-
controls. Designers should therefore only ty levels for imperfections.
specify details requiring radiographic testing 4. Manual of contract documents for highway
in extreme situations and must justify this in works. Volume 1 Specification for highway
their CDM designer’s risk assessments. works. Series 1800 Structural steelwork.
However, the precautions and costs effective- Amendment – August 2014.
ly prohibit the use of radiographic testing for 5. PD 6705-2:2010+A1:2013 Structural use of
bridgework. steel and aluminium. Part 2: Recommenda-
tions for the execution of steel bridges to BS
The acceptance criteria for the weld visual EN 1090-2.
inspections for F112 are also more onerous
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No. 2.12
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SCI P185 Guidance notes on best practice in steel bridge construction 2.12/5
Guidance Note
No. 2.12