Research comprises "creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of

knowledge, including knowledge of humans, culture and society, and the use of this stock of
knowledge to devise new applications."
Descriptive research is used to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon being
studied. It does not answer questions about how/when/why the characteristics occurred. ...
Thus,descriptive research cannot be used as the basis of a causal relationship, where one
variable affects another.
historical research, which involves examining past events to draw conclusions and make
predictions about the future. The steps in historical research are: formulate an idea, formulate
a plan, gather data, analyze data, and analyze the sources of data.
he word experimental research has a range of definitions. ... This is an experiment where the
researcher manipulates one variable, and control/randomizes the rest of the variables. It has a
control group, the subjects have been randomly assigned between the groups, and the
researcher only tests one effect at a time.
A research philosophy is a belief about the way in which data about a phenomenon should be
gathered, analysed and used. The term epistemology (what is known to be true) as opposed to
doxology (what is believed to be true) encompasses the
various philosophies of research approach.
Prognostic studies therefore need to use a multivariable approach in design and analysis to
determine the important predictors of the studied outcomes and to provide outcome probabilities
for different combinations of predictors, or to provide tools to estimate such probabilities.
Social research is a research conducted by social scientists following a systematic plan. ...
Qualitative designs emphasize understanding of socialphenomena through direct observation,
communication with participants, or analysis of texts, and may stress contextual subjective
accuracy over generality. Related to quality
Action research is often used in educational settings but can apply elsewhere: “Action
research is a form of investigation designed for use by teachers to attempt to solve problems
and improve professional practices in their own classrooms.
A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. For a hypothesis
to be a scientific hypothesis, the scientific method requires that one can test it. 

sta·tis·tics

stəˈtistiks/
noun
1. the practice or science of collecting and analyzing numerical data in large
quantities, especially for the purpose of inferring proportions in a whole from those in a
representative sample.
 WHAT ARE THE USES OF STATISTICS
Two main statistical methods are used in data analysis: descriptive statistics, which
summarize data from a sample using indexes such as the mean or standard deviation, and
inferential statistics, which draw conclusions from data that are subject to random variation
(e.g., observational errors, sampling variation

WHAT ARE THE IMPORTANCE OF STATISTICS

It is important for researchers and also consumers ofresearch to understand statistics so that
they can be informed, evaluate the credibility and usefulness of information, and make
appropriate decisions.
WHAT IS SAMPLING
 Sampling is a term used in statistics. It is the process of choosing a
representative sample from a target population and collecting data from that samplein order to
understand something about the population as a whole

WHY STUDY STATISTICS ?

From medical studies to research experiments, from satellites continuously orbiting the globe to ubiquitous social
network sites like Facebook or LinkedIn, from polling organizations to United Nations observers, data are being
collected everywhere and all the time. Knowledge in statistics provides you with the necessary tools and conceptual
foundations in quantitative reasoning to extract information intelligently from this sea of data

Knowledge in statistics provides you with the necessary tools and conceptual foundations in

quantitative reasoning to extract information intelligently from this sea of data. “The sexy job in
the next ten years will be statisticians. Because now wereally do have essentially free and
ubiquitous data.