Point-to-Point IP Backhaul

MOTOwi4 Certificate Training

Course Outline

Section 1: Radio and Point to Point Basics

Section 2: Motorola Renaming

Section 3: RF Technical Challenges

Section 4: Point to Point Wireless Systems Products

Section 5: Point to Point LINK Planner Tool

Section 6: Large Antenna Alignment

Section 7: Installation and Fault Finding

Section 8: Hands On
Section 1 :

Radio and Motorola Point to Point Basics

3
Objectives

This module will enable you to:

• Describe line-of-sight, near-line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight conditions
• Understand how radio system gain is derived and the effects of various types
of loss on a link
• Describe the effects that can influence link throughput and availability
• Describe the ‘dead zone’
• Understand different types of PTP products

4
Radio Basics: Making the Link Overview
Making a link from A to B: a series of gains and losses

A
B

Antenna Path Antenna

(Gain) (Loss) (Gain)
Transmission Transmission
Line (Loss) Line (Loss)

Radio Radio
(Output Power) (Threshold)

5
Radio Basics: Making the Link – Output Power 传输功率

The higher the radio’s output power the better for a radio link, but this is
often limited by local regulations (FCC, ETSI, etc).
The output power is usually measured in dBm or Watts.

6
 dBm to Watts Conversion Chart

Radio Basics: Power Conversion Chart

dBm Watts dBm Watts dBm Watts

-4 0.398mW 14 25 mW 32 1.6 W
-3 0.50mW 15 32 mW 33 2.0 W
-2 0.631mW 16 40 mW 34 2.5 W
-1 0.794mW 17 50 mW 35 3.2 W
0 1.0 mW 18 63 mW 36 4.0 W
1 1.3 mW 19 79 mW 37 5.0 W
2 1.6 mW 20 100 mW 38 6.3 W
3 2.0 mW 21 126 mW 39 8.0 W
4 2.5 mW 22 158 mW 40 10 W
5 3.2 mW 23 200 mW 41 13 W
6 4 mW 24 250 mW 42 16 W
7 5 mW 25 316 mW 43 20 W
8 6 mW 26 398 mW 44 25 W
9 8 mW 27 500 mW 45 32 W
10 10 mW 28 630 mW 46 40 W
11 13 mW 29 800 mW 47 50 W
12 16 mW 30 1.0 W 48 64 W
13 20 mW 31 1.3 W 50 100 W

7
Radio Basics: Making the Link – Transmission Loss 傳輸損耗

Loss occurs in any radio cable, but usually the higher the frequency, the
higher the loss.

This RF cable should be kept as short as possible and be of a high standard.

Radios’ that have integrated Antenna’s do not have this loss.

8
Radio Basics: Making the Link – Antenna Gain 天線增益
Antennas’ have gain as they focus the radio energy into a narrow beam and
have large surface areas to receive more of the signal.

In most cases larger the antenna’s have higher gains and narrower beam width.
eg. 6 feet antenna has a 2 degree beam width

Larger antenna are harder to align, but due to there narrower beam width pick up
less noise/interference.

9
Radio Basics: Making the Link – Path loss 自由空間路徑損耗

Path loss occurs due to: distance, fading, obstacles.

The longer the link, or bigger the obstacle the higher the path loss will be and
the greater will be the effect of fading.

10
Radio Basics: Fresnel Zone 夫瑞奈區
Fresnel Zone

Line of sight

Radio waves do not travel in straight lines

• The Fresnel Zone is the additional path clearance required in order to achieve
clear line of sight
• Size of Fresnel Zone is determined by operating frequency and path distance
• Obstacles in Fresnel Zone need to be taken into account
• The Motorola Backhaul LINK Planner includes this in its calculations

11
Radio Basics: Fresnel Zone Calculation

d1⋅ d 2
Fresnel Zone Radius = 0.227 Meters
d1 + d 2

Where

d1 = distance from one end in meters

d2 = distance from the other end in meters

12
Radio Basics: Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP)
全向有效輻射功率
EIRP = Transmit (Tx) power of the Radio
+ Gain of the Antenna (measured in dBi)
-Transmission loss (usually the loss of the cable)

Example EIRP Calculation

Tx Power 25dBm
Antenna Gain + 23dBi
Cable Loss - 0dB
EIRP 48dBm

13
System Gain Definitions 系統增益
System Gain is the :
Difference between the EIRP and lowest receivable signal level

Total (Link) System Gain =

Transmitter output power Antenna Antenna
- Transmission loss EIRP Transmission
(Gain) (Gain)

Line (Loss) Transmission

+ transmitter antenna gain Line (Loss)

+ receiver antenna gain Radio

- Transmission Loss (Output
Power)
Radio
(Threshold)

+ receiver sensitivity / threshold

Single Radio (end) System Gain =

Difference between the transmitter output power and the receiver threshold
(sensitivity)

14
 System Gain Definitions Example :
PTP 500 Series Using Integrated Units, FCC Power

Antenna Antenna
(Gain) (Gain)

Radio Transmission Line Transmission Line

(Loss) Radio
(Output Power) (Loss) (Threshold)

Tx Power 27dBm EIRP 50dBm Antenna Gain +23dBi

Minimum Receive -
Antenna Gain + 23dBi Receive threshold -96dBm
level 119dBm
Transmission Loss - 0dB Transmission Loss - 0dB
System Gain
(Difference between Minimum Receive
EIRP 50dBm
the above figures) 169dB level -119dBm

Note:- Integrated Units Have no Transmission Loss

15
LOS, nLOS, and NLOS Definitions

Line of Site
(LOS)
直視性

near Line of Site

(nLOS)

Non Line of Site

(NLOS)
非直視性
16
Fade Margin Definitions

Difference between anticipated Receive Signal Level (RSL) and

Receiver Threshold at a given modulation mode

Receive
Signal
Level

Fade
Margin

Receiver
Threshold

A design allowance that provides for sufficient system gain or sensitivity to

accommodate expected fading (to ensure the required quality of service
is maintained).

17
Is Rain Fade an Issue?

Little / no impact at 5.8GHz

• During cloudburst conditions additional loss is
only 1 dB per mile at 5.8 GHz 11GHz
Cloudburst
Where can rain impact signal?
∆ =7dB/mile
• More relevant for frequencies above 11GHz
6GHz
• Up to 8 dB per mile additional loss at 11GHz Cloudburst

18
Curvature of the Earth

For longer links (typically over 30Km), the curve (bulge) of the earth must be
accounted for when planning antenna heights

19
Curvature of the Earth

Earth curvature being an obstruction

Path Profile

20
The Dead Zone

Area of no coverage
• No signals will diffract or reflect to receiver
• Directly dependent on distance to obstruction

Antenna
Height 30ft.
0 1650’ Feet 3,300’ 5,000’

Building – (260w x 165h x 66d in feet)

Distance

Transmitter
Dead Zone

21
PTP Portfolio
Max. Ethernet
PTP Product Family LOS Range Bands
Data Rate

PTP 300 Series 25 Mbps Up to 155 mi (250 km) 5.4, 5.8 GHz

PTP 500 Series Lite 52 Mbps Up to 155 mi (250 km) 5.4, 5.8 GHz

PTP 500 Series Full 105 Mbps Up to 155 mi (250 km) 5.4, 5.8 GHz

PTP 600 Series Lite 150 Mbps Up to 124 mi (200 km) 5.4, 5.8 GHz

PTP 600 Series Full 300 Mbps Up to 124 mi (200 km) 4.5, 5.4, 5.8 GHz

2.5 - 300 Mbps

4.8 – 150 Mbps
PTP 600 Series 2.5, 4.8, 4.9, 5.9
4.9 – 150 Mbps Up to 124 mi (200 km)
(5Mhz) GHz
5.9 – 300Mbps

22
This Module Covered…

• Los, nLoS, NLoS

• Radio basics and making the link
• System gain and fade margin
• Adaptive modulation and time spent in mode
• Excess path loss and rain fade
• Fresnel Zone, earth curvature and Dead Zone
• PTP portfolio

23
Section 2 :

Point to Point Product Renaming

24
New Name comparison

Orthogon Systems Canopy New PTP Name

OS-Gemini Lite BH30 400 Series Lite
OS-Gemini BH60 400 Series Full
OS-Spectra Lite BH150 600 Series Lite
OS-Spectra BH300 600 Series Full

Product Available Frequency

4.9GHz 5.4GHz 5.8GHz

400 Series

600 Series X

25
Section 3 :

Overcoming Technical Challenges

26
Objectives of Module

This module will enable you to:

• Explain the five technical challenges involve in deploying a robust

point-to- point link.

• Explain the special features used by Motorola Point to Point 400

and 600 series links and how they assist in overcoming the
technical challenges.

27
Overcoming Technical Challenges

Motorola Backhaul technology overcomes all Five major challenges:

• Attenuation:-
Distance
Obstructions

• Fading:-
Ducting
Scintillation
Multi-path
Polarization Shift

• Dispersion

• Interference

• Links Over Water

28
Attenuation (1st Challenge) 衰減
Path Loss – Relative to Distance
The further any radio wave travels the smaller it gets, until that radio
signal becomes so small it cannot be distinguished against the
ambient noise.

Distance

29
Attenuation
Excess Path Loss - Obstructions
The signal is significantly reduced by an obstructions, typically up to
1/1000th of a normal LoS signal (30dB).

20dB: 1/100th 30 – 40dB: up to 1/10,000th

30dB: 1/1000th 40dB: 1/10,000th

30
Solution for Attenuation
(1st Challenge)
Overcome by maximizing system gain
– Dual high-power transmitters
+25dBm 600 Series
+27dBm 300/500 Series
(subject to local regulations)

– Dual ultra-sensitive receivers:- 敏感度

– 96dBm 300/500/600 Series

– Connectorised version of radio enables external

high gain antennas

Connect to external antenna

31
Fading (2nd Challenge) 信號衰落
Fading refers to the distortion that a carrier-modulated
telecommunication signal experiences over certain propagation media.

It is caused by many different radio elements.

They include:-

– Ducting

– Scintillation

– Multi-path

– Polarization Shift

32
Ducting

Ducting is a phenomenon by which a RF signal propagates along the

boundary of two dissimilar air masses.

It is overcome by spatial diversity.

Multiple antennas at one or both ends
– Optimum spacing based on LINK Planner results and available vertical
real estate

Provides redundant paths which are

not affected at the same time
– Over water, long distances, very flat terrain,
desert environments, or mountain top links

33
Fading – Ducting ITU-R P530-10

Ducting effects differ in every area, and information for this

is in the ITU document P530-10

This information is included in the LINK Planner

34
 Fading – Ducting ITU-R P530-10 Flatness

One of the causes of ducting is flat area’s of land.

This information is included in the LINK Planner

35
Fading – Ducting - Other Factors

Height difference decreases the probability of ducting

Longer range increases probability of ducting

36
Scintillation
Scintillation is an effect caused by hot area’s of air over a long links
(over 35Km).

These hot areas of air cause the radio wave’s to converge or disperse.

This effect is only countered by increasing the fade margin.

The effect of Scintillation is included in the LINK Planner calculation

37
 Multipath Fading

Caused by radio signals arriving multiple times out of phase:

Best case
Best case: scenario
paths different by even number of half wavelengths

Worst case:
paths different by odd number of half wavelengths Worst case
scenario

Typical case:
paths different by something in between two extremes

38
Polarization Shift

• Caused when a signal bounces off objects or Vertical

obstructions in the path

• Signals that are transmitted on the vertical Horizontal

polarity may end up somewhere between
vertical and horizontal at the receive antenna

• This causes problems for conventional single

carrier radio systems Vertical

Horizontal

39
Solution for Fading
(2nd Challenge)

Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO)

– Innovative way of sending signals multiple times and

recombining them, to negate effect of out-of- phase radio
waves counteracting each other

– Motorola Point to Point radios can realize up to 3 dB

additional system gain in high multipath environments due
to MIMO

– Receivers on both vertical and horizontal polarity are

active at the same time to overcome the effects of
polarization shift

40
 Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO)
(single payload)

V M ¦ O ¦ T ¦ O ¦ R ¦ O ¦ L ¦ A ¦ V
LOS

MOTOROLA MOTOROLA

LOS

M ¦ O ¦ T ¦ O ¦ R ¦ O ¦ L ¦ A ¦
H H
Data is sent with two polarizations giving radio signal redundancy
With LOS the signal maintains its polarization

41
Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO)

Motorola Point to Point radios need smaller fade margin for same
availability as other products
Conventional Radio Space Time Coded Radio

0dB
Combined received
signal

-15dB

Single carrier
radio
Individual S-
25dB Improvement
T-C signal

-40dB

• Single-carrier radio: • MIMO signal:

Other radios need 40dB fade margin Motorola Point to Point radio only needs 15dB
to cope with fading margin for same signal availability

42
Adaptive Modulation 自适应调制
PTP 58600 RX TX Aggregate
Modulation Mode Threshold Power Throughput
dBm dBm Mbps

256 QAM .81 Dual -59.1 +18 300.2

Combats fading due to obstruction 256 QAM .81 Single -64.0 +18 150.1
movement or temporary signal fade
64 QAM .92 Dual -62.0 +18 252.9

Allows for higher availability with lower fade 64 QAM .75 Dual -68.1 +18 206.7
margins compared to conventional radios 64 QAM .92 Single -65.9 +18 126.4

64 QAM .75 Single -71.7 +18 103.3

Radios automatically up and down shift
modulation modes when needed without 16 QAM .87 Dual -71.0 +20 160.8
dropping packets 16 QAM .63 Dual -75.2 +22 115.6

16 QAM .87 Single -74.8 +20 80.4

16 QAM .63 Single -79.3 +22 57.8

QPSK .87 Single -81.6 +23 40.2

QPSK .63 Single -84.6 +24 28.9

BPSK .63 Single -88.1 +25 14.4

43
Dispersion (3rd Challenge) 散布
- Signals arrive via different (dispersed) paths and hence at different times
(multi-path), causing previously transmitted data bits to interfere with current
data bits

- Therefore paths have different delays and this is known as “dispersion”

- Previously transmitted bits can arrive late and interfere with current bit;
known as “Multipath Inter-Symbol-Interference” (ISI)

- Conventional radios handle ISI using equalizers

44
Solution for Dispersion
(3rd Challenge)
Orthogonal Frequency Demodulation Multiplexing

Essence of OFDM

• Breaks up the transmitted signal into many smaller signals – sub carriers
• Individual carriers overlap significantly to preserve overall bandwidth.
Sub-carriers are orthogonal to each other and will not interfere with each
other

A B C D E

45
Comparison of OFDM and I-OFDM

More Tones to equalize signal (1024 sub carriers vs 256 sub carriers)
– Motorola Point to Point radio takes 30 out of each 1024
– Compared to 30 out of each 256 in others
– 4 times less loss

46
Interference (4th Challenge)
- Radio Signals are Subject to Interference
- Interference can heavily affect the quality or status on the signal
- Interference is a bigger problem in Unlicensed Bands

Sources of Interference:

• Intentionally - On the frequency being used

- From other users who are licensed to use the frequency that you are using
• Unintentionally - On the frequency being used
- From other users equipment 'defects' which may or may not be within the regulations

47
Solution for Interference
(4th Challenge)

Intelligent-Dynamic Frequency
Selection overcomes interference
– In-service Spectrum Analyzer
built into every radio
– Automatically moves to the
cleanest channel
– Proactive channel adjustment
– Continuously monitors all
channels
– TDD or FDD allowed with
asymmetric DFS enabled
– Allows for co-existence at hub
sites or with other products

48
Links over water
(5th Challenge)
Wireless Signals across water or hard surfaces (desert) pose challenges for
performance and reliability owing to:

Reflection (Multi-Path) - Water or hard desert surfaces are highly reflective.

Also, links over the sea are subject to varying water heights due to tidal changes,
creating further challenges.

49
 Solution for links over water
(5th Challenge)
Spatial Diversity
双极化
Dual Pol V/H

V Pol

单极化
H Pol

50
Spatial Diversity: Configuration Option 1
Spatial Diversity: Configuration Option 2
Spatial Diversity: Configuration Option 3
This Module Covered…

Five key problems and how they are overcome

– Superior system gain to overcome attenuation
– Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and Adaptive Modulation to
overcome fading
– User of vertical and horizontal polarization antennas to overcome
polarisation shift
– Intelligent-OFDM and powerful equalizers to overcome dispersion
– Spatial diversity options to overcome ducting
– Intelligent-Dynamic Frequency Selection, ARQ and Ethernet compression
to overcome interference
– Links over Water

54
Section 4 :

Point to Point Products in More Detail

55
Objectives

This module will enable you to:

• Understand the technical specifications on PTP 600
• Understand the advance features on PTP 600
• Understand the air security available on PTP 600
• Understand the basic principals of TDD synchronisation
• Understand how TDD Sync solution can be implemented on PTP

56
Quick Point to Point Products Comparison
Model PTP300/ PTP500 PTP600

2.5GHz,4.5GHz, 5.4GHz,
Supported Band (GHz) 5.4GHz, 5.8GHz
5.8GHz

Ethernet Throughput (Lite/Full) 105/ 50(PTP500),

150 /300
In Mbps 25 (PTP300)

Range upto 250km upto 200km

Channel Width (MHz) 5 */10*/15 5 / 10/ 15 /30
Spectral Efficiency (bps /Hz) Upto 7 Upto 10
Latency (ms) <2 1 to 3

Adaptive or
Adaptive (up to 80%) or
Asymmetric Data 3:1 or 1:1 or 1:3
2:1 or 1:1 or 1:2

AES (optional) 128 or 256 Bit 128 or 256 Bit

TX Power (dBm) 27 25
Rx Sensitivity -96 -96
System Gain 169 169
Modulation 64 QAM- BPSK 256 QAM – BPSK
Wayside E1/T1 (Lite/Full) Yes* (PTP500 Only) 1x E1T1/ 2x E1/T1
Optical Connection (extra) No Yes – 1000SX
*Available through Software upgrade

57
Channel Bandwidth and Link Symmetry Control
PTP 600 Series
Configurable channel bandwidth in the radio link :5 MHz, 10MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz and 30 and
configurable fixed and adaptive link symmetry. Fixed link symmetry supports:
2 to 1
1 to 1
1 to 2
Channel bandwidth 5 MHz supports link symmetry 1:1 only. Adaptive link symmetry is not available in radar
regions.

PTP 500 Series

Configurable channel bandwidth in the radio link : 5MHz, 10 MHz or 15 MHz and
configurable fixed and adaptive link symmetry. Fixed link symmetry supports:
3 to 1
1 to 1
1 to 3

PTP 300 Series

Configurable channel bandwidth in the radio link :5 MHz, 10 MHz and 15 MHz and
configurable fixed and adaptive link symmetry. Fixed link symmetry supports:
3 to 1
1 to 1
1 to 3
Channel bandwidth 5 MHz supports link symmetry 1:1 only.

58
 Introducing PTP 600 Series

59
Introducing PTP 600 Series
4th Generation, Software Defined, Multi-Channel, Point to Point wireless bridge,
interfacing at layer 2, supporting IP and operating in the 5.4GHz & 5.8GHz whilst
providing TRUE NLoS & LoS performance
… plus …

Versatility : Solves NLoS and LoS challenges with integrated and cnectorised versions

Capacity : Up to 300 Mbps / 150Mbps Lite (aggregate) useable at Ethernet rate

Range (Max) : Up to 200km Line of Sight

Availability : Carrier Grade. Up to 99.999%. Delivered by use of:

best in class radio, MIMO and iOFDM

Security : Complex proprietary air interface, optional AES 256 bit encryption, transparent
to VLAN and VPN

Interference : Sophisticated Spectrum Management: i-DFS

Easy Set Up : Simple to install, commission and manage via SNMP or embedded Web server

Ruggedised : Environment proof Outdoor Unit, built-to-last. Life-span up to 25 years

60
PTP 600 Main Components (Integrated)
ODU (Integrated) PIDU Plus

AC Supply

內裝天線 To Network
Equipment

To ODU

E1/T1 Port
Fibre Port
Sync Port

To PIDU Plus DC Supply

61
PTP 600 Main Components (Connectorized)
ODU (Connectorized) PIDU Plus
To Single/Dual Polarization Antenna

外接天線 AC Supply

To Network
Equipment
To ODU

Sync Port E1/T1 Port

To PIDU Plus Fiber Port

DC Supply

62
PTP 600 Series Copper System Configuration

ODU ODU

Up to 100m of Cat5e
cable carries DC
Power & Data
PIDU PIDU
(1000BaseT)

Network Network
Equipment Equipment

HQ
Remote
LAN
Site Data

SNMP or Web based

Management

63
PTP 600 Series Fiber System Configuration

ODU ODU

Up to 300m of Cat5e
cable carries DC
PIDU Power

PIDU

Network
Equipment
光纤
1000BaseSX Fibre up to
Network
Equipment
500m with 50µ
µ m MMF

HQ
Remote
LAN
Site Data

SNMP or Web based

Management

64
Fiber Kit – Optional (PTP600 Only)
• Direct connection of fiber optic cable to radio
– LC connectors
– Outdoor, UV Stable, 2 or 4 core 50/125 or 62.5/125
– Multi-Mode fiber*
– Automatically switch to the copper interface if the
fiber is cut Fiber module
– Extends distance between ODU and PIDU to 300
– meters
– Lightning isolation
– Protection from interference on CAT5 from lower
– frequency radios like FM radio stations Extension tube
• Kit includes
– New license key,
– Fiber module, extension tube, and
– weatherproof compression fitting

Weatherproof
compression fitting
*New Single-Mode fiber kits now available.

65
PTP 600 Series T1/E1 System Configuration

ODU ODU

PDH
PDH
Network
Network

PIDU Way-Side T1/E1 Ports PIDU

Network Network
Equipment Equipment

HQ
Remote
LAN
Site Data
SNMP or Web based
Management

66
 Other Advanced Features

67
 PTP 600 series uses MIMO ( Single Payload )

V M ¦ O ¦ T ¦ O ¦ R ¦ O ¦ L ¦ A ¦ V
LOS

MOTOROLA MOTOROLA

LOS

M ¦ O ¦ T ¦ O ¦ R ¦ O ¦ L ¦ A ¦
H H
Data is sent with two polarizations giving radio signal redundancy
With LOS the signal maintains its polarization

68
 PTP 600 Series also uses DUAL PAYLOAD

V M ¦ T ¦ R ¦ L ¦ B ¦ C ¦ H ¦ U ¦ V
MOTOROLA MOTOROLA
BACKHAUL BACKHAUL

O ¦ O ¦ O ¦ A ¦ A¦ K ¦ A ¦ L ¦
H H
- Different data is sent separately over the two polarizations
giving radio ultra high efficiency
- Automatically selection on dual or single payload

69
Spectrum Management with Intelligent-Dynamic 动态频率选择
Frequency Selection (I-DFS)
Robust when Interference is present:
– Continuously monitors all channels
– Automatically moves to the cleanest channel
– Avoids Interference
– Allows for Co-Existence with other products
– 30 MHz channel
– 5.8GHz Band for 10 Channels (4 adjacent)
– 5.4GHz Band for 23 Channels (8 adjacent)

Noisy Channels Available Channels Active Channel

70
Narrow band operations available
• 5/10/15/30 MHz channel bandwidth options

• 5 MHz Channel not supported in Lite variant

• 256QAM Not supported in 5/10/15MHz Channels

• PTP 600 Series bridges do not support operation with 5, 10 or 15 MHz

channel bandwidth in regions where radar avoidance is enabled.
Example ,PTP 600 configured with Region Code 12(USA),13(Australia, Canada) has radar
avoidance enabled.

71
Maximum Throughput (Full License Key) and
Mean Latency for narrow channel

72
PTP 600 Series Maximum Range is Limited Due to
Local Regulation

Maximum Range Maximum Range

Non Line of Sight Near Line of Sight Maximum Range
Power Limit (Km) (Km) Line of Sight (Km)
FCC (1 Watt Peak
Transmit Power to
the Antenna) 5 20 200
2 Watts EIRP 2 6 25
1 Watt EIRP 1.5 4 20
0.5 Watt EIRP 1 3 15

73
Modulation Modes

Modulation Mbps
BPSK 0.63 single 14.4
QPSK 0.63 single 28.9
QPSK 0.87 single 40.2
16QAM 0.63 single 57.8
16QAM 0.63 dual 115.6
16QAM 0.87 single 80.4
16QAM 0.87 dual 160.7
64QAM 0.75 single 103.3
64QAM 0.75 dual 206.7
64QAM 0.92 single 126.4
64QAM 0.92 dual 252.9
256QAM 0.81 single 150.1
256QAM 0.81 dual 300.2

74
System Gain PTP 600 Series 5.8GHz Integrated FCC
Powers
Demodulated TX Power System Gain
Mode RX Sensitivity (dBm) (dB)
BPSK 0.63 single -88.1 +25 159.1
QPSK 0.63 single -84.6 +24 154.6
QPSK 0.87 single -81.6 +23 150.6
16QAM 0.63 single -79.3 +22 150.6
16QAM 0.63 dual -75.2 +22 147.3
16QAM 0.87 single -74.8 +20 143.2
16QAM 0.87 dual -71.0 +18 140.8
64QAM 0.75 single -71.7 +18 137.0
64QAM 0.75 dual -68.1 +18 135.7
64QAM 0.92 single -65.9 +18 132.1
256QAM 0.81 single -64.0 +18 129.9
64QAM 0.92 dual -62.0 +18 128.9
256QAM 0.81 dual -59.1 +18 123.1

75
Distance vs Max Data Rate

300

250

200
Data Rate (Mbps)

150

100

50

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Distance (Km)

58200

76
 PTP 600 Series - Dynamic TDD

Under normal conditions link operates symmetrically, optimised for lowest latency

Tx OHD Rx TDD Cycle

Under heavy traffic conditions the TDD cycle is ‘stretched’ to maximise data
Throughput

‘Stretching’ is dynamic, and is applied on Tx or Rx path independently based on

where traffic load exists.
Once traffic load reduces the link returns to normal Operation

Benefits
– Provides highest data rate to user, especially over long link lengths
– Dynamically allocates capacity on send route and return route according to
demand

77
 Air Interface Security

78
Security (1)

Complex, proprietary Air Interface protocol 专有

The wireless signal is a complex proprietary signal with scrambling
applied. On transmission the signal passes through the following
processes;
– Reed-Solomon forward error correction when added bits are applied.
– The signal is scrambled with a code that repeats every eight Reed-
Solomon code words (about 1 ms).
– The signal is then interleaved (which means that the order is changed)
– The signal is then encoded
– Then the signal is coded onto one of the BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
or 256QAM waveforms
– Then the signal is interleaved across a 1024 carrier OFDM waveform

The specifics of these processes are proprietary but each, individually, are
built upon generally available and published techniques

79
Security (2)
Best in class Encryption Key
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a computer security standard
introduced in 2002, by the US based National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) to replace the earlier Data Encryption Standards (DES and
triple DES).

AES Encryption in PTP300/500/600(optional)

– 128 or 256 Bit (500,600)
– 1.25 % overhead
– All are FIPS 197 certified

VLAN Support
VLAN tagged Ethernet packets are passed transparently through the
system. VLAN tagged packets with a non-zero priority will be transmitted via
a priority queue, giving a method of managing QoS for VoIP and TDM traffic.

80
PTP xx600 TDD Synchronisation

Sychronisation

81
Unsynchronized TDD
In an unsynchronized
（
（非同步）
非同步）
分時多工 ） network:
TDD network:
– Each unit has the potential to interfere with every other unit
– As far as RF interference is concerned, there is no distinction
between masters and slaves
Link 1

Interference Interference
Link 3 <-> 1 Link 1 <-> 2

Three links of three different link

lengths mounted on a mast
operating on the same or adjacent
channels

Link 3 Link 2
Interference
Link 2 <-> 3

82
Simple Example

Interference at the Local End

Link 1

Link 2

Link 3

Time
Interference Link 2 to Link 1
Interference Link 1 to Link 2
Interference Link 2 to Link 3
Transmit Receive
Interference Link 3 to Link 2
Interference Link 1 to Link 3
Interference Link 3 to Link 1
The TDD cycles from multiple links have different durations due to different link lengths.
This implies that one or both ends of multiple links interfere with each other when
operating on the same or adjacent channels.
83
Synchronized network

Synchronise the TDD Cycles of Interfering Links

The TDD synchronization feature introduces a fixed TDD framing mode, and
allows frame timing in a PTP link to be synchronized with an external
reference. This means that all links in a network may be made to transmit and
receive in synchronism, implying reduced RF interference between links.

Simple Example
Link 1

Link 2

Link 3
Time

Transmit Receive

84
The PTP Approach

• Synchronize multiple links using a GPS reference

- Allows the synchronization of remotely located links

• Implement a GPS Synchronization unit that fits between the lightning

protection unit and the ODU
- PTP600 GPS Pulse sent through SYNC port

• One GPS Sync Unit is required for each link to be synchronized

• GPS Sync Unit are made and supplied by MemoryLink. (P/N:WB3001)

• Units are supplied pre-wired and can be retrofitted to existing links

85
GPS Sync Unit
(Can only be installed on PTP600 model)

Weather Proof GPS antenna

86
TDD Synchronisation - GPS Deployment
Mounting
TDD Synchronisation enabled and
configured via install wizard at link
installation

PoE Sync

PoE

87
 PTP600 Deployment

• GPS Unit connects between LPU( Lightening protection unit) and ODU
• Synchronisation signal fed to ODU via unused SYNC port

Lighting Arrestor

88
PTP600 Deployment -Example

LPU

GPS Sync unit

89
TDD Sync – Installation Notes

• GPS Module Location

– Antenna internal to GPS Module
– Must have clear view of the sky
– can take up to two minutes to provide a 1 Hz reference on initial
deployment. This period is reduced on subsequent power cycle
because the location is known and saved with the module

• GPS Module Wiring

– Delivered pre-wired with RJ45’s and Glands
– Connection to Sync Port on ODU (PTP600 only)
– Connection to Ethernet Port on ODU
– Connection to LPU

• Activation through Install Wizard

90
TDD Sync- Configuration

91
TDD Sync- Configuration

92
TDD Sync- Configuration
• TDD Synchronization is enabled via the Install Wizard
• When selected, an additional step is added to the Install Wizard for
the entry of the TDD Synchronization settings
– Longest Link in Network
– Bandwidths in Network
– Master to Master range (Required when masters interfere with each other)
– Slave to Slave range (Required when Slaves interfere with each other)
– Holdover Mode (Strict/Best effort)
• The time settings above are crucial to link optimization
– Non-optimal default value are automatically provided
– Accurate values are required from Radio Planning activity
• Holdover Mode controls operation when the GPS Sync signal is lost
or not present
– Strict – GPS Sync Signal must be present for the link to operate
– Best Effort – Link will free run

93
TDD Sync- New status page

94
TDD Deployment Consideration

• The following are deployment considerations:

- Fixed frequency operation ONLY

- Fixed TDD operation only, i.e. all synchronized links have same ratio
master to slave.

- Not presently available when radar avoidance is enabled.

- Throughput limited to that of longest synchronized link

- 10-15% Data throughput overhead

95
 Introducing PTP 300/500 Series

96
PTP 300/500 Series Overview

• 5.4 and 5.8 GHz unlicensed bands

• Up to 25Mbps Ethernet data- PTP300
• Up to 50Mbps Ethernet data rate -PTP500 Lite
• Up to 105Mbps Ethernet data rate -PTP500 Full
• Up to 155 miles (250 km) range
• Built-in lightning protection
• Robust security – unique scrambling
PTP 300/500 PTP 300/500
plus optional 128/256-bit AES
Integrated Connectorized – high-gain
Encryption advantage of external
with dual built-in
• 10 / 100 Base T (RJ-45) antennas antennas

• Small footprint
• Easy to deploy and use

Power Indoor Unit (PIDU Plus) –

Power-over-Ethernet to outdoor units

97
PTP 300/500 Series
Same Award-Winning Technology

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) – increased tolerance to signal fading

Intelligent Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing – greater resistance to

multi-path interference and selective signal fading, plus higher spectral efficiency

Adaptive Modulation – sustains the maximum throughput while maintaining

highest link quality

Advanced Spectrum Management with i-DFS – samples the band up to 400

times a second and automatically switches to the clearest channel

Best-in-Class Radios – highest system gain in the industry

98
PTP 300/500 Series NLOS and LOS Performance

Line-of-Sight (LOS)
Up to 155 miles

near-Line-of-Sight (nLOS)
Up to 25 miles

Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS)
Up to 6 miles

99
PTP 300/500 Series E1/T1 Connectivity
• 03-02 Release

• Provides Single E1/T1 Capability

• Standard Feature – No licence key

• All signalling along single existing Ethernet port

IP Data
• Uses “Splitter” installed next to the PIDU

E1/T1

E1/T1Splitter

100
PTP 300 – Line of Sight Mode
• To permit higher data throughput rates over links of range
10 km (6.2 miles) or less and the path is completely unobstructed

• The LOS mode must be activated by purchase of access keys for

each end of the link

101
 Section 5 :

PTP LINK Planner

102
 Objectives

What we will cover in this module:

• Explain what is Motorola PTP Link Planner

• How to create PROJECT, SITES and LINKS

• Updating Profiles ,Obstructions, adjusting Configurations and

Requirements

• Evaluating the Link Performance

• Export data and create report

103
 PTP LINK Planner, What is it?

The PTP LINKPlanner is an application that runs on Windows or Macintosh.

(Download and run LinkPlannerSetup.999.exe (where 999 is version identity)

Use PTP LINKPlanner to help predict where and how equipment will work.

It performs the calculations from the ITU recommendations ITU-R P.526-9 and
ITU-R P.530-10 to predict NLoS and LoS paths for anywhere in the world.

Path profile data can be obtained in a number of different ways depending

upon global location.

104
Choosing the Best Solution
• PTP LINKPlanner helps you make the right
Choices (PTP300,500,600):

Is a smaller antenna preferable ?

Is a larger antenna possible ?

How much spectrum or frequency
can be
used ?

What is the link distance ? Software tool used prior to link installation

What are the obstacles in the way ? Includes technical product details and ITU

Does the path cross significant Radio Propagation Recommendations
amounts User inputs link distance, obstacles, antenna
heights etc.
of water or very flat ground ?
Can be used to select most appropriate

What is the required throughput ?
Motorola product

What is the required availability ? Data can be calculated for each product

What is the financial budget ? Output confirms whether link can be made and
provides details of link availability and data rate

105
PTP Link Planning – It’s a Three Step Process

First Step : Create Project, Site and Links

Second Step : Obtain Link Profiles

Third Step : Import Link Profiles into the created Project

106
 Create Projects
A project is a set of data about an individual wireless link or a wireless
network.
A project can contain two or more sites and links between those sites.
Projects are saved as .ptpprj files.
Building a Project
To build a project to model a network, follow this process:
1. To create a new Project, either select File, New Project (Ctrl+N), or
select New Project
2. Enter project defaults.

107
 Create Sites

New Sites
• Import sites from external files or create them in PTP LINKPlanner .
Creating Sites
create them using the New Site page.
• Locate the sites using Google Earth™ or Multimap. Copy the latitude and longitude of each site.
• To insert the site in PTP LINKPlanner, either select Project, New Site, or select New Site . The
New Site page is displayed.

Copying or Importing Sites from Google Earth™ (.KML)

Site details can be copied or imported from Google Earth™. Locate the sites in Google Earth™
using address or zip code, then insert placemarks

108
 Create Links

To create a new Link, either select Project, New Link, or select New
Link .

109
 Requesting Path Profiles

To obtain profiles of the terrain between the two end points of each link,
select Project, Get Profiles.

Path Profile will be send to

this email address

Before using PTP LINKPlanner, use the Options page (Preferences in Mac) to enter personal
information, select units and choose network settings.

110
 Using Google Earth

To view a link: select the link in the PTP LINKPlanner navigation tree,
then select GoogleEarth .

Google Earth™ Aerial Photograph with Distances Shown

111
 Updating Link Profiles

Obstructions
Double-click on the Profile visualization chart. The Profile Editor page is
displayed. Enter or update the Range or Obstruction height as required.

For example,
Enter a 4 meter high Obstruction at Range 0.501 km and
a 3.5 meter high Obstruction at Range 0.678 km.

112
 Link Visualization

Colour code used in the profile:

• Brown: terrain.
• Green: obstructions (such as trees or buildings). Obstructions can be updated
as described in "Updating Link Profiles".
• Red: line of site from the antennas to the largest obstruction (called “slope”).
• Blue: the Fresnel zone.
• Grey: the profile worst case which occurs up to 0.01% of the time. Sometimes
known as Worst Earth curvature (Ke).

113
 Updating Link Profiles

Reflections

If the path is over water, it is necessary to calculate the effect of

reflection on the link.

To do this, open the link and select Link, Edit Reflection Parameters

114
 Exporting and Reporting

Exporting Data
Data can be exported in CSV or KML format for the currently
open and selected project.

Creating Reports
Reports can be created in HTML format for the currently
open and selected project.
To preview reports, select Preview Report .

115
 Link Planner Report Examples
Proposal Report Installation Report

116
 Manual Profile Request

On-line PTP Path Profiler Site

The Motorola PTP website contains a tool able to generate a data file
that can be imported into the LINK Planner.

http://motorola2.motowi4solutions.com/support/ptp/pathprofile.php

117
 Resources for Link Estimation Tools

Motorola PTP Link Estimator Tool

Simply go to either:-
http://download.motorolaptp.com/PTP_Link_Estimator.zip

Motorola PTP Link Estimator Online Profile Tool:-

http://www.motorolaptp.com/support/endusertools/pathprofile.php

Link Estimator Video Demonstration:-

http://download.motorolaptp.com/MOT-LinkEstimator.wmv

118
 Practical Demonstration of the tool

119
 Section 6 :

Advanced High Performance Antenna Alignment

120
 Antenna Alignment – based on calculation 瞄準
• Calculate total “Link Loss” using LINK Planner
• Subtract all gains and losses from Transmitter, Antennas, and cable loss at both
ends
• Resultant equals estimated Receiver Power

139.0

121
 Example of Calculated Receive Power (Rx)

(values taken from LINK Planner)

Link Loss = 139 dBm ( Free Space + Excess Path Loss )
Tx = 25 dBm ( Max transmit power in Armed State)
Tg = 33.4 dBi ( Andrew 3’ dish )
Rg = 33.4 dBi ( Andrew 3’ dish )
Cable Loss = 2 dBm ( 1 dBm from 10+ feet of LMR-600
each end)
- 139.0 dBm
+ 25.0 dBm
+ 33.4 dBi
+ 33.4 dBi
- 2.0 dBm
-------------------------

R x = (-
(- 49.2) dBm

122 122
 Antenna Alignment

• Monitor the receive power in the status page

123
 The Bulls Eye
• X represents basic alignment
with “Alignment Tone”

• Monitor the values shown in the

X system status page

X+3 best = -96dBm

X+2 best = -78dBm
X+1 best = -67dBm
X mark = -63dBm
X- 1 best = -58dBm
X- 2 best =-
=-49dBm
X- 3 best = -57dBm

124
 Antenna Radiation Patterns

125
 Section 7 :

Installation and Fault-Finding

126
 Objectives of Module

This module will enable you to:

– Describe how to prepare a link and installation site for a first deployment
– Understand how to recover link configuration if lost due to error or
technical issues
– Describe the methods of mounting an ODU, locating an indoor unit and
preparing and running a drop cable including EMD protection
– Discuss and demonstrate how a link is powered up and aligned
– Discuss potential failures and possible rectification action for hardware

127
 Preparation for Installation 安裝
The following specific tools are required to install the PTP 600 Series Bridge
in addition to general tools:

- 13mm Spanner / Wrenches

X
- RJ45 Crimp Tool

- IBM Compatible Personal Computer (PC) running Windows 98 or later with 10

or 100baseT Ethernet (Ability to change IP settings easily is recommended)

- Either Internet Explorer version 6 or higher, or Mozilla Firefox v1.5 or higher

are recommended.

- Ethernet patch cable

- 6mm general purpose crimp tool for the grounding lug

(optional for lightening Protection)

128
 Cable Preparation

Pin 1: White /
orange
Pin 2: Orange
Pin 3: White /
green
Pin 4: Blue
Pin 5: White /
blue
Step 1: Assemble gland on cable Step 3: Arrange conductors Pin 6: Green
Pin 7: White /
brown
Pin 8: Brown

Step 2: Strip outer insulation Step 4: Insert conductors and crimp

129
 Connecting Cable at ODU

Ensure no power is connected

Insert RJ 45 connector, Screw in body of weather Screw on clamping nut

snapping locking tab proofing gland and and tighten
home tighten

130
 Connecting Cables to PIDU
Three connections:
– Standard power cable to power socket
– Configuration laptop to LAN socket
– ODU cable via concealed RJ45
connector

Remove cover by squeezing sides Plug in cable ensuring it Replace cover, ensuring
and rotating away from PIDU snaps home it is fully latched

131
 Pre-Configured Detail
• Pre-configured detail for pair of units
– Serial numbers
– Target MAC address
– Designation as master or slave
– License keys
– IP addresses (Master:169.254.1.2, Slave:169.254.1.1)
Older Unit default IP addresses (Master:10.10.10.11, Slave:10.10.10.10)

UNIT 1 UNIT 2
ODU SERIAL NO. 0167800002BE ODU SERIAL NO. 0167800002BF
ETHERNET MAC ADDRESS 00:04:56:00:02:BE ETHERNET MAC ADDRESS 00:04:56:00:02:BF
CONFIGURED AS Master CONFIGURED AS Slave
TARGET MAC ADDRESS 00:04:56:00:02:BF TARGET MAC ADDRESS 00:04:56:00:02:BE
LICENSE KEY A471-FE88-428D-E1F3 LICENSE KEY 534F-4F54-D1B0-E2DA
IP ADDRESS 10.10.10.11 IP ADDRESS 10.10.10.10

132
Configuration - Installation Wizard
• For bench test, access the Installation Wizard via laptop connected to
master ODU:

• Simply type in default IP address of the ODU as URL using the browser.

• The slave ODU can be configured over wireless link if units powered up, or
connect laptop directly to slave PIDU LAN connection.

• Four Steps:
1. Interface (IP) configuration.
2. Wireless configuration.
3. Confirmation of configuration.
4. Disarm Phase
Install Wizard Step 1: Interface (IP) Configuration
Enter relevant IP information:
IP address : unique unit identifier
Subnet mask : allowing traffic flow to be segregated into groups
Gateway IP address : entrance / exit to other networks

Whether management interfaces (WWW/SNMP/SMTP/SNTP) use a VLAN

Telecoms Interface allows the activation of the 600 Series bridge telecoms interface.
Install Wizard Step 2: Wireless Configuration

Enter relevant wireless

information:

Target MAC Address

Master Slave Mode

Link Mode Optimization

TDD Synchronization Mode

Tx Max Power

Ranging Mode

Target Range

Platform Variant

Channel Bandwidth

Spectrum Management
Control

Lower Center Frequency

Tx Color Code, Rx Color
Code
Link Mode Optimization
Link Mode Optimization allows the PTP link to be optimized according to the type of
traffic that will be bridged. The link supports two modes:

IP Mode
•IP mode is optimized to provide the maximum possible link capacity. IP mode is an
appropriate choice where applications in the bridged networks provide some measure of
reliable transmission, and where very low latency is not critical. IP mode supports both fixed
and adaptive link symmetry

TDM Mode
•TDM mode is optimized to provide the lowest possible latency. TDM mode additionally
implements a more conservative approach to adaptive modulation, leading to lower error
rates in fading channels at the expense of slightly lower link capacity. TDM mode is an
appropriate choice for delay intolerant data without reliable transmission (for example voice
over IP data).
•TDM mode supports fixed link symmetry only. TDM mode is selected automatically when
Telecom interfaces are enabled.

136
Install Wizard Step 3: Confirm Configuration
• Review and confirm all Installation
information.

• Information committed to non

volatile memory.

•Turn off units, then reboot in ‘armed’

status once installed in position
Install Wizard Step 4: Disarm Phase

Disarm units to enable full

feature set
•Turn off the audible alignment aid

• Enable Adaptive Modulation

• Fully enable Advanced Spectrum

Management with i-DFS

• Clear unwanted installation

information from the various
systems statistics

• Store the link range for fast link

acquisition on link drop

• Enable higher data rates

 Recovery Mode
(PTP 600 series)
Units have a recovery mode in case of configuration errors or
software corruption

Press recovery switch while applying power, continue to hold for 10-20 seconds to
activate recovery mode

PTP 600 Series

– Upgrade
Multiple options software image
when in recovery mode:
– Upgrade software image
– Reset IP and Ethernet configuration
– Erase configuration
– Reboot

139
 Recovery Mode
• Upgrade Software Image:
- Reload a original software image if software corruption is suspected or
- Reload an old image if an incorrect image has just been loaded.

• Reset IP & Ethernet Configuration back to factory defaults:

This allows the user to reset the unit back to the factory defaults:
– IP Address 169.254.1.1 , Net mask 255.255.0.0 , Gateway 169.254.0.0
– Ethernet Interface Auto-negotiate, Auto-MDI/MDIX

• Erase Configuration:
This allows the user to erase the unit’s entire configuration including factory settings
such as target MAC address, range setting, license key, password etc.

• Reboot:
This allows the user to reboot the unit. This option must be executed after
resetting the IP & Ethernet configuration or erasing the configuration.

140
 Recovery Mode
(PTP 300/500 series)

Press recovery switch while applying power, continue to hold for 10 to 20 seconds
to activate recovery mode

Multiple options when in recovery mode:

– Upgrade software image

– Reset IP and Ethernet configuration
– Erase configuration
– Zeroise Critical Security Parameters
(This allows the user to erase the security parameters such as AES parameters. This is to
comply with FIPS requirements.
– Reboot

141
 Mounting and Connection Process

• Mount ODU
• Connect cables
• Route and ground ODU
• Mount PIDU and connect cables

142
 Mounting Out Door Unit

Step 1: Mount bracket to pole Step 2: Mate unit to bracket and

tighten nut and bolt

The ODU mounting bracket is designed to work with poles with

diameters in the range 50mm (2”) to 75mm (3”).

143
 Mounting ODU

Invert the mounting bracket only when mounting to pole

diameters 25mm (1”) to 50mm (2”)

CAUTION: Do not over tighten the bolts

as bracket failure may occur.

144
 Mounting ODU
Align antennas approximately
– By eye if line-of-sight link
– Using compass if non-line-of-sight link

Link Estimation Installation notes:

Exact alignment undertaken after powering up unit

145
 Connecting, Routing, Grounding

Connect cable at ODU

– As when bench testing system

Routing cable
– Route and secure using standard techniques
– Cut to required length at PIDU

Grounding installation
– ODU must be grounded to protect against power surges
– Refer to national codes for installation procedures

146
 Mounting PIDU and Connecting Cables

Fix PIDU to wall

–Prevention from damage
–Ensure recovery switch is accessible

Make connections
–ODU cable
–LAN cable
–Power cable

Maximum length from ODU to PIDU is 100m

147
 Connecting Cables to PIDU
As when bench-testing:
– Standard power cable to power socket
– Network equipment to LAN socket
– ODU cable via concealed RJ45
connector

Remove cover by squeezing Plug in cable ensuring it Replace cover, ensuring

sides snaps home it is fully latched
and rotating away from PIDU

148
 Powering Up

Turn on units
– With all connections made, power up PIDUs
– Units in ‘armed’ state and will begin alignment

Align ODUs X
– Can then compare actual link loss to link loss given by LINK Planner to ensure
correct alignment

149
 Align ODU

The PTP Bridge uses audible tones during installation to assist the
installer with alignment.

X
The installer should adjust the alignment of the ODU in both azimuth
and elevation until highest pitch tone is achieved.

The tones and their meanings are as follows:

150
 Fault-Finding: Hardware

Power LED is OFF on PIDU

If no voltage on power wires to ODU

– Check whether mains power is connected and turn on

– Check whether power LED illuminates if ODU is disconnected at PIDU

- Is yes, then ODU is drawing too much current,
Possible causes: Power wiring to ODU short circuited or power supply insufficient:
Fault determine : Removing jumper(J906) and measuring the current. This is
normally 10mA without the ODU connected and 300mA to 1A when
the ODU is connected.
- If no, then recheck power is applied to PIDU by measuring voltage across
+55V and 0V pads inside the removable cover in PIDU; check PIDU is not short
circuit by measuring impedance across the power connector

– Finally check whether LED is faulty

151
 Fault-Finding: Hardware

Power LED is flashing on PIDU

Perform the following tests on the RJ45 cable that connects

the PIDU Plus to the LPU or ODU:

- Check that pins 4&5 and 7&8 are not crossed with pins 1&2 and 3&6.
- Check that the resistance between pins 1&8 is greater than 100K ohms.
- If either test fails, replace or repair the RJ45 cable.

152
 Fault-Finding: Hardware

Ethernet LED on PIDU

The Ethernet LED is driven from the ODU processor and thus is capable of
informing you of many conditions.

X
– Power LED off and Ethernet LEDs off: no voltage to power wires at ODU

– Power LED on but Ethernet LED off, there are 4 possible conditions:
1) No power reaching ODU because of wiring fault
2) ODU is faulty
3) PIDU is faulty
4) Ethernet network side is faulty

Differentiating between 1-3 and 4 can be achieved by removing the power for
1 second and reapply. Watch the Ethernet indicator for 1 minute, if it never
flashes then the problem is 1-3

153
 Fault-Finding: Hardware

Ethernet LED did not Flash 10 Times

When the PIDU Plus is connected to the power supply and the green Power
LED illuminates ,there should be a 45 second delay, following which the yellow

X
Ethernet LED should flash 10 times.

- Check that the wiring to pins 4&5 and 7&8 is correct. For example,
the wiring to pins 4 and 7 may be crossed.
Test Points

- If an LPU is installed, it can be used to check

that power is available on the cable to the ODU.

154
 Fault-Finding: Radio

No activity: check configuration

– Software at each end should be same version
– Check target MAC addresses
– Range
– Tx power
– License key
– Master / slave arrangement
– Alarm conditions on home page
– Check in case link has become obscured or ODU misaligned
– Check Spectrum Management to ensure wireless channel is available to use
– If all correct, retry installation procedure: if no signal, ODU may be faulty

155
 Fault-Finding: Radio

Some activity but link is unreliable:

– Check interference has not increased using Spectrum Management
measurements
X
– If a quieter channel is available, check that it is not barred
– Check the path loss is low enough for communication rates required
– Check the ODU has not become misaligned

156
 Fault-Finding

Loss of connection at near end of link

– Likely to be hardware problem
– Check power and Ethernet LEDs
Loss of connection with far end of link
– Likely to be radio problem
– Check various software configuration elements

157
Lightning Protection Unit (replacement of Transtector)
電湧放電器
• Rugged Metal Enclosure
• Lower Price
• Easy to install Kit
– Qty2 LPU (top & base of tower)
PTP300/500 need only 1 LPU to be installed at
the base of tower

– All mounting hardware

– All ancillary cables
– RJ45 connectors on Cat5 cable
– Grounding cable gland
– Test points for easy
troubleshooting

158 158
Lightning Protection Unit
Testing the Installation

159 159
PTP-LPU Kit
The PTP-LPU Kit is supplied with a 600mm ODU to PTP-LPU cable
pre-fitted with glands.

160
PTP-LPU Configuration

161
 PTP 600 Series
Two Surge Arrestors Needed Per End

162
 PTP 600 Series
Four Surge Arrestors Needed if T1/E1 is Used
電湧放電器

163
 PTP 300/500 Series

電湧放電器
內裝 X

164
 Diagnostic Download

If additional troubleshooting is required you may be asked to download

additional diagnostic information and send to your Engineer for further
analysis.
http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/field_diags.cgi
Download complete diagnostic data from each radio and forward for
analysis.
Technical Support
http://www.motorola.com/ptp/supp
ort
+1-877-515-0400 (Worldwide)
+44 808 234 4640 UK
Email: support.ptp@motorola.com
Technical Support is available
24/7.
APAC Email:
wibbsupport.apac@motorola.com

165
 Wind Loading 抗風能力風負荷能力
Magnitude of force depends on wind strength and size of antenna
– Structure and mounting brackets of PTP 400 and PTP600 can withstand wind
speeds of up to 151mph

– Structure and mounting brackets of PTP 300 and PTP500 can withstand wind
speeds of up to 200mph

– Need to ensure structure the unit is fixed to can withstand winds

166
 Wind Loading (PTP400/600)

WIND LOADING (IMPERIAL)

WINDSPEED (MPH): 80 100 120 140 150

X
PTP 400 & 600 SERIES INTEGRATED (SURFACE AREA
1.36 SQ FT) LATERAL FORCE (POUNDS):
37 57 82 112 129

PTP 400 & 600 SERIES CONNECTORISED (SURFACE 27 42 60 82 95

AREA 1.00 SQ FT) LATERNAL FORCE (POUNDS):

WIND LOADING (METRIC)

WINDSPEED (M/S): 30 40 50 60 70
PTP 400 & 600 SERIES INTEGRATED (SURFACE AREA 12 22 34 49 66
0.130 SQ M) LATERAL FORCE (KG):
PTP 400 & 600 SERIES CONNECTORISED (SURFACE 9 16 24 35 48
AREA 0.093 SQ M) LATERNAL FORCE (KG):

167
 Wind Loading (PTP300/500)

WIND LOADING (IMPERIAL)

WINDSPEED (MPH): 80 100 120 160 200

X
PTP 300 & 500 SERIES INTEGRATED (SURFACE AREA
1.36 SQ FT) LATERAL FORCE (POUNDS):
37 57 82 146 228

PTP 300 & 500 SERIES CONNECTORISED (SURFACE 27 42 60 107 168

AREA 1.00 SQ FT) LATERNAL FORCE (POUNDS):

WIND LOADING (METRIC)

WINDSPEED (M/S): 30 40 50 60 70
PTP 300 & 500 SERIES INTEGRATED (SURFACE AREA 12 22 34 49 66
0.130 SQ M) LATERAL FORCE (KG):
PTP 300 & 500 SERIES CONNECTORISED (SURFACE 9 16 24 35 48
AREA 0.093 SQ M) LATERNAL FORCE (KG):

168
 This Module Covered…

Pre-installation checks
Recovery mode
Mounting and connection
Powering up and aligning units
Fault finding
Lightning protection
Wind loading

169
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