Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
KELOMPOK 3
preliminary
A. Background back
In this modern era ready who
is n't know with whose name electricity . Almost all regular supplies we see use electricity . But many are l
acking understand What that electricity . Here we will a littleexplained definition electricity , kind
of current electricity , danger from electricity , handling and prevention to avoid from bahay caused by el
ectricity.
B. Formulation problem
1. What that electricity ?
2. How DC current ?
3. What only danger that can caused by electricity ?
C. Aim
Complete task workshop installation power and devices supporters
Knowing definition electricity
Could knowing DC current
Knowing danger from electricity
Foreword
Assalamualaikum Wr.Wb
Praise and thankyou thepresenceof Allahthe Almighty One because with His mercy and grace . Salutation
and regards always pouredout tothe ProphetMuhammad. Hopefully paper thiscould used as one referenc
e , instructions or guidelines for thereader . ThankGod, writer could complete paper this . Hope I hopefully
paper this help add knowledge and experience for the readers.
Aim writing paper this for meet English assignment. Author realized in compile paper this still far
from perfect , therefore that need constructive criticism and suggestions . also say thank you love so
you can complete paper this with smoothly .
Wassalamualaikum wr.wb
Surabaya , 29 June 201 9
ELECTRICAL THEORY
Electricity is source energy is channeled through channel cable . Current Electricity arises from cargo e
lectricity flowing from proton charge ( positive ) and charge electron ( negative ).
Electricity makes it possible occurrence
something phenomenon physics as lightning , current electricity ,terrain electricity , etc. Electricity
is used very spacious inside applications industry as electronics and power electricity .
In the field needs everyone needs electricity . At
the center generation electricity primary energies like coal, oil, gas, etc.) changed to
be energy electricity with use a generator. Generator change energymechanical ( moving )
to be energy electricity . Existence displacement energy in something circuit will awaken field electricity (
electro magnetic ) so arise what is called with current electricity .
Electricity consists from :
1. Electric current
Current electricity is flowing electron in a manner continue continuous and continuous on
the conductor consequence difference total electron on a few location number electron not the
same . unitcurrent electricity is Ampere.
Current electricity move from the positive terminal (+) to the negative (-) terminal , while Flow electricity in
wire metal composed from Flow electrons moving from the negative (-) terminal to thepositive ( +) termina
l , direction current electricity considered opposite with direction movement electron .
Figure 1. Direction current electricity and direction movement electron .
Current formula electricity are :
I = Q / t (ampere)
Where : I = magnitude current electricity flowing, ampere
t = time , seconds
2. Voltage / Voltage
Voltage electricity ( sometimes called as Voltage ) is difference potential electricity between two point in ci
rcuit electricity , and stated in volt unit .
Formula voltage are :
V = I x R
I = Strong current electricity flowing in sutu circuit . Stated with Ampere unit (A).
R = magnitude obstacles in a circuit . in state with Ohm unit (Ω).
3. Resistance / Obstacles
Obstacles electricity is comparison between voltage electricity from something component electronics( for
example resistors) with current electricity through it. Obstacles electricity that has Ohm units canformulate
d as the following :
R = V / I
Where : R = magnitude obstacles in a circuit . Stated with Ohm unit (Ω).
I = Strong current electricity flowing in sutu circuit . Stated with Unit Ampere (A).
4. Electrical power.
Power electricity defined as rate delivery energy electricity in the
circuit electricity . Unit International Electric Power is the watt that states the
amount power electricity that flows per unit time (joules /second ).
And formulated as the following :
P = V. I
Where : P = is power (watt or W)
I = is current (ampere or A)
V = is difference potential (volt a tau V)
Example Source DC Voltage ( Unidirectional )
1. Battery (Accu / Accumulator / Aki) containing liquid H2So4 acid
2. Battery Dry
3. Solar Cell
4. Power Supply or Adapter
Example equipment that uses source DC voltage ( Unidirectional ):
a) Digital Camera
b) Call Cellular
c) Handycam
d) MP3 / MP4 Player
e) Light Flashlight
f) Emergency lights
Calculator
g) Remote control
h) Toy Child
i) Pointer ( for presentation )
j) Wireless Mouse
k) Watches and Clocks
Difference between AC and DC
The second difference could seen from method itsuse . AC current has the magnitude and direction chan
ging in a manner back and forth . That is , the pole current this always change from positive tonegartif and
negative to positive . Therefore, although the socket (jack electricity ) installed back and
forth not will happen shortcircuit or damage others . Onthecontrary if a battery which iselectricity DC curre
nt installed upside down , then beterai not will function .
Danger of AC DC
In fact danger from electricity AC and DC currents are same , that is because the
sting . However level the danger enough different . Sting electricity or stun is
a frequent hazard happen consequencenegligence humans . Electrocution could interpreted as somethin
g event relationship short Where body human to
be conductor for current electricity . Conductor is objects that can deliver electricity (Soetarno , 2001:
197 ). Electrum is also a event flowing current electricity to the body humans . In a
manner general , current unidirectional (DC) no too dangerous if compared with current back and
forth (AC) { this not apply if voltage current electricity small }. AC effect on the body human very depends
on to speed change current ( frequency ), which is measured in unit cycle / second (hertz). DCtends
to cause contraction strong muscles, which are often push far away / throw the
victim from source current . AC of 60 hertz causes muscle fixated on his position , so the victim did
not could let go his grip on the source electricity . As a result the victim
was hit sting electricity longer so happen wound heavy fuel.
When someone stung electricity then happen displacement electron in a manner chain from every atom
that is affected in his body human is a conductor so
that if one member body touch electricityand members another body touches ground (ground), then will fl
owing current electricity through the body . Body human is a Street the
fastest for current electricity for reach ground. If there is obstaclesin body , then in
part energy for displacement electron that is change to be energy it's hot . The pain experienced is
a consequence displacement electrons excite nerves in a manner excessive .
Distinguish AC and DC Power Voltage
The first difference could seen from form the
wave . Form wave this could examined with use oscilloscope . Oscilloscope there
is tools used for look sine wave generated AC and
DC power . The seconddifference could seen from method its use . AC current has big and direction that
changes in a manner back and forth . That is ,
the pole current this always change from positive to negartif and
negativeto positive . Therefore, although the socket (jack electricity ) installed back and forth will
not happen short circuit or damage others . On the
contrary if a battery which is electricity DC current installedupside
down , then beterai not will function . Even for tools other DC electricity will happen abnormalities function
. this happen because pole DC current is not ever change from positive to negative orvice versa .
TERMS:
Diode : Tools used for turn AC into DC ( cellphone charger ).
Converter : Tools used for turn DC into AC.
Inverter : a circuit functioning for change voltage input current unidirectional (DC)
to be voltage output current alternating (AC) large voltage and frequency could arranged .
Oscilloscope : Tools used for look sine wave generated AC and DC power
Danger Electricity Hazards
Dangers - dangers arising consequence electricity :
1. Fire
a. material burn ( ingredients) building , paper , furniture House stairs etc. )
b. Air
c. Heat / source fire (short circuit, jump electron , damage tool electricity , isolation broken , etc. )
When third element this meet at
a time and place sam, then will happen fire . The fix is guard lest to happen meeting third element that is .
2 . Explosion
- Electric motor
- Cable Connection
Connect short , jump flower great fire between two conductor also causes explosion . Heating exceeding f
lash point (flash point) of a dangerous atmosphere can also be raises Fire or explosion . Explosionusually
related with :
a. Incorrect Operation
b. Maintenance Less
c. Wrong specifications
d. Short Circuit
e. Explosive Gas Area
f. Distance between two conductor too close
3. Touch directly
Touch directly is touch with part insulation or part installation or tool active power. Touch directly this coul
d result in injury or Dead because tune in sufficient voltage high with low resistance, so
thatproduce current through body human to be enough big .
Touch can also directly happen because damage and lack
of accidentally . Touch directly could related with things - things as the following :
a. Not know network that is voltage
b. Not there is sign warning
c. Is available damage insulation
d. Incorrect installation
e. Procedure work secure not followed
f. Not authorized in do work
g. Mental condition good / labile
4. Touch not directly
Touch not directly is touch with part conductive voltage, which in normal conditions section this not voltag
e . For example touch to cover fuse box, terminal box, electric motor
cover or cover tools - toolselectricity others .
Touch not directly related with things - things as the following :
a. Not know network that is voltage
b. Not there is sign warning
c. Is available damage insulation
d. Incorrect installation
e. Circumstances dark / lighting less
f. Not authorized in do work
g. Mental condition good / labile
h. Behavior corresponding with work
5. Step Voltage
Step voltage is stress that occurs on both people's
feet or animals stand above land under flowed current electricity . Step
Voltage usually happen around grounding or area Where there is currentflowing to the land . More and
more long step more and more big voltage step the meaning more and more the danger posed.
6. Spells Lightning
Strike not directly is impact not directly arising consequence induction strike lightning can damaging equip
ment electronics .
Safety , Health and Safety Electricity Work
BACKGROUND
Which becomes background back learning , writing paper about safety and health work in the
field electricity based on results accident statistics and symposiums because electricity could known that :
• About 50% of accident that is caused by usage tools electricity ;
• Factors accident and not know as source the biggest from accident electricity .
• Ensure the grounding system (grounding) to the
panel or installation electricity used for work already installed with good.
• Doing examination in a
manner routine against panel or installation electricity others , if officer examiner find door panel inside cir
cumstances open or not locked then officer that is should check the state
of the panel and immediately locking up .
• Checking condition cable electricity , if find cable electricity in condition peel
off or connection not bandaged with insulation should immediately repaired with wrap cable electricity that
is withinsulator material .
• Place and arrange in such a
way appearance to network or installation electricity for avoid occurrence accident work consequence ele
ctricity .
• Adjust size and quality cable electricity used adjusted with needs .
• Workers who don't trained or not expert or not installer not allowed do job-related with installation electri
city .
• At times fix installation electricity , make
sure Flow electricity in condition die and install labels / signs warning on the panel or switch on / off
" Flow electricity Do not Turned
on " to avoid occurrenceaccident work consequence Flow electricity is turned
on with suddenly by another officer or the worker .
• Ensure that tools that use Flow electricity should already revoked from socket before leave the job .