Lesson 4: Basic risk Assessment Concepts

See 4.1,4.2,4,3 and 4.4.

Question No: 1
Effective risk assessment should be a rational, logical, structured process that contains
at least one the two key steps:

A. determine whether the risk is acceptable.

B. determine the significance of the risk.
C. determine the condition of a specific piece of equipment.
D. determine acceptability for continued service of equipment.

Question No: 2
In mathematical terms, risk can be calculated by the equation:

A. Likelihood× consequence
B. probability × consequence
C. Damage Factor x FMsx Gff

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Question No: 3

Once the risk is known and the magnitude of the risk is established, the risk can be.

A. Managed
B. Controlled
C. Reduced
D. Eliminated

Question No:4

Using ______________, some risks may be identified as acceptable so that no risk

reduction (mitigation) is required

A. risk management
B. risk identification
C. risk-based inspection
D. risk assessment

Question No:5
_____________ is the act of mitigating a known risk that is deemed to be too high to a
lower, more acceptable level of risk with some form of risk reduction activity.

A. risk evaluation
B. risk identification
C. risk estimation
D. Risk reduction

Question No:5

A process to assess risks, to determine if risk reduction is required and to develop a

plan to maintain risks at an acceptable level
A. Risk management
B. Risk mitigation
C. Risk control

Question No:6
The effectiveness of inspection programs varies widely, ranging from ___________,
which concentrate on known areas of concern, to broad proactive programs covering a
variety of equipment

A. ineffective programs
B. only visual inspections
C. frequent basis
D. reactive programs

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Question No:7
Setting the intervals/due dates between inspections has evolved over time. With the
need to periodically _______________, organizations initially resorted to time-based or
“calendar-based” intervals/due dates.

A. verifying that the facility/equipment is being operated within the parameters

B. verify that materials, fabricationand any other data relevant to the equipment
conform to applicable codes, engineering
C. verify equipment integrity,
D. verify equipment risk

Question No:8

Codes and standards such as _________________evolved to an inspection

philosophy

A. API 1110, API 579, and API RP1104

B. API 582, API 571, and API 653
C. API 510, API 570, and API 653
D. API 512, API 574, and API 650

Question No:9

RBI, as a risk-based approach, focuses attention specifically on the equipment and

associated _______________ representing the most risk to the facility.

A. reduction in the ability of a component

B. damage mechanisms
C. damage tolerance
D. mechanical properties.

Question No:9

RBI provides a better linkage between the mechanisms that lead to equipment failure
(_______________) and the inspection approaches that will effectively reduce the
associated risks
A. loss mechanical properties.
B. loss of containment
C. Termination of the ability of a system

Question No:
_____________represents the next generation of inspection approaches and interval
setting, recognizing that the ultimate goal of inspection is the safety and reliability of
operating facilities
A. Rbi
B. Pha
C. Hazop
D. Rcm

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Question No:

In process plants are established to detect and evaluate deterioration due to in service
operation.
A. Inspection and testing programs
B. Condition monitoring programs
C. Preventive maintenance programs
D. Inservice inspection programs

Question No:10
Risk is assessed by identifying credible damage mechanisms, estimating the POFs,
assessing the COFs, and identifying the _________ to enable development of effective
risk mitigation strategies

A. risk evaluation
B. risk estimation
C. risk criteria
D. risk drivers

Question No:11
Any particular analysis may not yield usable results due to a.

A. data
B. Poor qualification of personal
C. low-quality data
D. Operations conditions

Question No:12
The risk analysis _________ validated before decisions are made based on the analysis
results.

A. should be
B. can be
C. may be
D. will be

Question No: 13
A logical progression for a risk analysis is:

A. determine the integrity , including a fitness for service analysis,

B. determine deteriorate susceptibility
C. identify credible consequence scenarios that will result from the failure
mode(s)
D. determine the risk of each scenario,

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Question No: 14
If the risk is not acceptable, consider

A. mitigation.
B. Rerating
C. Repair
D. Replacement

Question No: 15
if the damage mode is general metal loss, a mitigation plan could consist of

A. Continue operating
B. determine damage susceptibility
C. on-stream wall thickness measurements
D. increase visual inspection

Question No: 16
When the risk associated with individual equipment items is determined and the relative
effectiveness of different inspection techniques and process monitoring in reducing risk
is estimated or quantified, adequate information is available for Continue operating
A. Established limits for process variables that can affect the integrity of the
equipment
B. to determine the condition of a specific piece of equipment
C. planning, optimizing, and implementing an RBI program
D. identify sources and to estimate the risk

Question No: 17

A complete RBI program provides a consistent methodology for

A. established limits for process variables that can affect the integrity of the
equipment
B. assessing the optimum combination of methods and frequencies of inspection
C. planning, optimizing, and implementing an RBI program
D. identify sources and to estimate the risk

Question No: 18

Each available inspection method can be analyzed and its relative effectiveness in
_______________ can be estimated. . Given this information and the cost of each
procedure, an optimization program can be developed.

A. reducing failure probability

B. reducing failure consequence
C. reducing risk

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Question No: 19

The below Figure presents stylized curves showing the reduction in risk that can be
expected when the degree and frequency of inspection are increased. The lower curve
indicates that with the application of an effective RBI program,

A. lower risks can be achieved with the same level of inspection activity
B. represents a typical inspection program
C. reducing risk relative
D. better integrity overall

Question No: 20

If excessive inspection is applied,.

A. the level of risk may even go up.

B. The level of risk may decrease
C. The level of risk remains the same

Question No: 21
One the residual risk factors for loss of containment include, but are not limited to,
issues such as the following:
A. design errors,
B. Change operational
C. management system

Question No: 22

Through__________________, inspection activities arefocusedonhigher risk items and

away from lower risk items.
A. Rbi
B. Pha
C. Rem
D. Hazop

Question No: 23
RBI is focused on a systematic determination of
A. Absolute Risk
B. qualitative risk
C. relative risk
D. residual risk

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Question No: 24
When a quantitative RBI study is conducted rigorously and properly, the resultant risk
number is a good approximation of the actual risk of loss of containment due to _____.

A. Damage
B. Corrosion
C. Loss integrity
D. deterioration

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