Prob. 1: Consider a DS-CDMA system whose one-way system bandwidth is 25 MHz.

Suppose the data rate per user is 8 kbps. Assume perfect power control, one sector antenna
and persistent transmissions.
a) Calculate the Eb I 0 specification required to support a maximum no. of 250 users/cell
if the signal-to-background noise ratio is 26 dB and the frequency reuse efficiency is 0.9.

b) If the actual operating value of Eb I 0 is 12 dB, calculate the system utilization for the
parameter values specified in part (a).

Ans. 1:

a) With the assumptions given in the problem, the Eb I 0 specification can be written as

 f Gp
 Eb I0  
*

N C  1   f Pn S

It is given that S Pn = 26 dB or 400,  f  0.9 , G p  Bs Rb  25  1000 8  3125 and

N C  250 . Substituting theses values in the preceding equation for  Eb I 0  yields
*

0.9  3125
 Eb I0    11.25 or 10.5 dB
*

250  1  0.9 400

b) The utilization can be expressed as

 Gp P
U MS  1   f    n  , with Eb I 0  10.5 dB
 Eb I 0 S 

If the actual operating value of Eb I 0 is 12 dB, or 15.85, then the system utilization is

 3125 1 
U MS  1  0.9     178
15.85 400 

Prob. 2: Consider a cellular system in which there are a total of 1001 radio channels
available for handling traffic. Suppose the area of a cell is 6 km2 and the area of the entire
system is 2100 km2.

a) Calculate the system capacity C if the cluster size is 7.

b) How many times would the cluster of size 4 have to be replicated in order to
approximately cover the entire cellular area?

c) Calculate the system capacity C if the cluster size is 4.

 d) Does decreasing the cluster size increase the system capacity? Explain.

Ans. 2:

Given :

The total number of available channels K = 1001

Cluster size N = 7
Area of cell Acell = 6 km2

Area of cellular system Asys = 2100 km2

a) Since the number of channels per cell is J  K N , then J  1001 7  143 channels/cell.
The coverage area of a cluster is
Acluster  N  Acell  7  6  42 km2

The number of times that the cluster has to be replicated to cover the entire cellular system is
M  Asys Acluster  2100 42  50 . Therefore,

C  M J N  50 143  7  50, 050 channels.

b) For N = 4, Acluster  4  6  24 km2. Therefore,

M  Asys Acluster  2100 24  87.5  87

c) With N = 4, J  1001 4  250 channels/cell. The system capacity is then

C  87  250  4  87, 000 channels.

d) From (a) and (c), it is seen that a decrease in N from 7 to 4 is accompanied by an increase
in M from 50 to 87, and the system capacity is increased from 50,050 channels to 87,000
channels. Therefore, decreasing the cluster size does increase the system capacity.
Prob. 3: A cellular service provider uses a digital scheme that can tolerate a signal-to-
interference ratio of 15 dB in the worst case, in a propagation environment with path loss
exponent n = 4. The distance between the ith interferer at the first tier and the mobile, Di is
almost equal to D for i  1, 2,....., i0 where i0 is the no. of co-channel interfering cells. Find the
optimal value of cell cluster size N for (a) omnidirectional antennas, (b) 120o sectoring and
(c) 60o sectoring.
Ans. 3:

Prob. 4: Given that the probability density function of a Rayleigh distributed envelope is
r  r2 
given by p (r )    2  , where  is the variance, determine the mean value of
2
exp
 2
 2 
the Rayleigh distribution using the value of gamma function  1 2    .

Ans. 4:
The mean value rmean of the Rayleigh distribution is given by
 
1  r2 
rmean  E  r    rp  r dr  2  r exp   2 dr
2

0
 0  2 

1 2  r2 2 
  2 z exp   z       
2

2
dz  Taking z r 2 z and dr dz 
0  2z  2 2 r 

 2  z1 2 exp   z  dz
0
  
1 1 2 exp   z  
1 2 exp   z 


1 0 2 0
 2  z  z dz  [Integration by parts]
 1 

 1 
 2 0   z 1 2 exp   z  dz 
 20 

1 1 1 
 2      2   
2 2 2 2

[since the Gamma function,   z    e  t t z 1dt and  1 2    ]
0