Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Deputy Director‐General, Pollution Control Department
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
Thailand
Presentation Outline
Climate Change and CO2 Emission
Key impacts of Climate Change on Water
Resources
Water Temperature and Water Environment
Temperature Variation in Thailand
Water Environment Variation in Thailand
Conclusion and Recommendations
Per capita water availability is a problem, to
be exacerbated by climate change
16
14 Africa
12
10
8 World
6 Asia
4
2
MEast & NAfrica
0
1960 1990 2025
Comparison of CO2 Emission of
Some Countries
Total CO 2 Emissions (million tons)
6000
GHG Release 0.6 % of the world
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
20
15
10
10,000
Million Baht
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1991
1 1992
2 1993
3 1994
4 1995
5 1996
6 1997
7 1998
8 1999
9 2000
10
Key Impacts of Climate Change on
Water Resources (IPCC, 2007)
Increased water availability in moist tropics and high latitudes
Decreased water availability & increasing drought in mid‐latitudes and
semi‐arid low latitudes
Increased demands for irrigation
Shifts in hydrologic cycles
Snowmelt‐dominated regimes: earlier snowmelt peak
Monsoonal regimes: less certainty
Long‐term implications of glacial melt
Increased water stress for many regions
Implications for water‐borne disease rates and impacts due to changing
frequencies/magnitudes of extreme events (flood, drought, severe weather)
Changes in thermal conditions for aquatic ecosystems
Changes in water quality due to higher temperatures and hydrologic
changes
Water Temperature and Water
Environment
One of the most significant sources of water degradation
results from an increase in water temperature.
increase in runoff and precipitation‐ water will carry higher
levels of nutrients
Higher water temperatures and reduced stream flows will
adversely affect water quality affecting human uses and
environmental conditions
The increase in water temperatures can lead to
changes in the timing, intensity, and duration of precipitation
may affect water quality
a bloom in microbial populations
adversely affect different inhabitants of the ecosystem due to
a species' sensitivity to temperature.
effectively self‐purify through biodegradation,
reduced amount of dissolved oxygen
saline intrusion
25 watersheds
in Thailand
Relationship of Air and Water
Temperature N
Water & Air Temperature Banyangsung, Kanchanaburi, Thailand
Draft 2005
Dif (mm.) Dif (d)
+0
-20
+0
- 10
+ 10
+ 20
- 300
- 200
- 100
+ 100
+ 200
+ 300
+ 400
1951 1951
1955 1955
1959 1959
1963 1963
1967 1967
1971 1971
1975 1975
Year
Year
Rainfall
1979 1979
Rainy days
1983 1983
1987 1987
1991 1991
1995 1995
1999 1999
2003 2003
2007 2007
Dif (oC) Dif (oC) Dif (oC)
- 1.5
- 1.0
- 0.5
+ 0.0
+ 1.0
+ 1.5
+ 0.5
- 1.5
- 1.0
- 0.5
+ 0.0
+ 0.5
+ 1.0
+ 1.5
- 1.5
- 1.0
- 0.5
+ 0.0
+ 1.0
+ 1.5
+ 0.5
1951 1951 1951
Lowest Temp
Highest Temp
Year
Relationship of Water Temp and DO in
Chaopraya and Ping River, Thailand
กราฟแสดงความสั มพันธ์ ระหว่ างอุณหภูม(ิ นํา้ )และค่ าDOของแม่ นํา้ เจ้ าพระยา
กราฟแสดงความสั มพันธ์ ระหว่ างอุณหภูม(ิ นํา้ )และค่ าDOของ
14.0
แม่ นํา้ ปิ ง
10.0 y = ‐0.0889x + 8.8579
R² = 0.0411
12.0 y = ‐0.1553x + 8.7693 9.0
R² = 0.0124
10.0 8.0
7.0
DO(mg/l)
8.0
DO(mg/l)
6.0
6.0 5.0
4.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
0.0 1.0
22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 29.0 31.0 33.0 35.0 37.0 39.0
Temp(w)
Temp(w)
Relationship of Water Temp and DO
in lakes, Thailand
Relationships of DO and Air Temp in Songkla Lake, Thailand กราฟแสดงความสั มพันธ์ ระหว่ างอุณหภูมิ (อากาศ)และค่ าDOของกว๊ านพะเยา
14
12.0
12 y = 0.0206x + 5.4861
R² = 0.0014
y = ‐0.0139x + 4.8736
10.0
R² = 0.0004
10
8.0
8
DO(mg/l)
DO(mg/l)
6.0
6
4.0
4
2.0 2
0.0 0
23.0 25.0 27.0 29.0 31.0 33.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
Temp(a) Temp(a)
Relationship of Water Temp and BOD
in Chaopraya and Ping Rivers, Thailand
กราฟแสดงความสั มพันธ์ ระหว่ างอุณหภูม(ิ นํา้ )และค่ าBODของแม่ นํา้ เจ้ าพระยา กราฟแสดงความสั มพันธ์ ระหว่ างอุณหภูม(ิ อากาศ)และค่ าBODของแม่ นํา้
ปิ ง
14.0 7
BOD(mg/l)
8.0 4
6.0 3
4.0 2
2.0 1
0.0 0
22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42
Temp(W) Temp(a)
Relationship of Water Temp and SS
in Chaopraya and Ping Rivers, Thailand
กราฟแสดงความสั มพันธ์ ระหว่ างอุณหภูมิ(นํา้ )และSSของ
กราฟแสดงความสั มพันธ์ ระหว่ างอุณหภูม(ิ นํา้ )และค่ าSSของแม่ นํา้
เจ้ าพระยา แม่ นํา้ ปิ ง
350
1,000
200 600
SS(mg/l)
SS(mg/l)
500
150
400
100 300
200
50
100
0 0
24.0 26.0 28.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 29.0 31.0 33.0 35.0 37.0
Temp(w) Temp(W)
Relationship of Water Temp and
SS/BOD in Chaopraya River, Thailand
กราฟแสดงความสั มพันธ์ ระหว่ างอุณหภูม(ิ นํา้ )และค่ าSSของแม่ นํา้ กราฟแสดงความสั มพันธ์ ระหว่ างอุณหภูม(ิ นํา้ )และค่ าBODของแม่ นํา้ เจ้ าพระยา
เจ้ าพระยา
350 14.0
BOD(mg/l)
200
SS(mg/l)
8.0
150 6.0
100 4.0
50
2.0
0
0.0
24.0 26.0 28.0 30.0 32.0 34.0
22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0 30.0 32.0 34.0
Temp(w)
Temp(W)
Conclusion and Recommendations
‐ Climate change on it’s own will have negative side effects on
water quality
‐ Climate change is expected to affect water quality in both inland and
coastal areas
‐ Climate change is likely to increase the stress on rivers under pressure
from salinity, over‐allocation and declining water quality.
‐Higher water temperatures and reduced stream flows will adversely
affect water quality affecting human uses and environmental
conditions
‐ Rising air and water temperatures will also impact water quality by
increasing primary production, organic matter decomposition, and
nutrient cycling rates in lakes and streams, resulting in lower dissolved
oxygen levels
‐Higher sediment and nutrient loads enter rivers following extreme
rainfall
‐ Database on climate change and impacts of water environment
should be developed for the region