Operation Walk – moving ahead to relieve joint disease

Operation Walk was started in 1995 by Lawrence D. Dorr, M.D. in Los Angeles, CA. Dr.
Dorr is one of the leading joint replacement surgeons in the USA

is a private, not-for-profit, volunteer medical services organization which provides free

surgical treatment for patients in developing countries (and occasionally in the US), that
have no access to life-improving care for arthritis or other debilitating bone and joint
conditions. Operation Walk also educates in-country orthopedic surgeons, nurses,
physical therapists and other healthcare professionals on the most advanced treatments
and surgical techniques for diseases of the hip and knee joints. This is done in
conjunction with surgeries to help create a lasting contribution to patient care in
developing countries.

Từ vựng về y tế và các loại bệnh tật

1. Allergy : Dị ứng
2. Arthritis : đau khớp xương
3. Sprain : Bong gân
4. Surgeon: bác sĩ giải phẫu
5. amyotrophia: bênh teo cơ
6. polio (poliomyelitis) :bại liệt
(jonas salk tìm ra vaccine
7. skin-disease : bệnh ngoài da

BONE :
There are five types of bones in the human body: long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid.

• Long bones are characterized by a shaft, the diaphysis, that is much greater in
length than width. They are comprised mostly of compact bone and lesser
amounts of marrow, which is located within the medullary cavity, and spongy
bone. Most bones of the limbs, including those of the fingers and toes, are long
bones. The exceptions are those of the wrist, ankle and kneecap.
• Short bones are roughly cube-shaped, and have only a thin layer of compact bone
surrounding a spongy interior. The bones of the wrist and ankle are short bones,
as are the sesamoid bones.
• Flat bones are thin and generally curved, with two parallel layers of compact
bones sandwiching a layer of spongy bone. Most of the bones of the skull are flat
bones, as is the sternum.
• Irregular bones do not fit into the above categories. They consist of thin layers of
compact bone surrounding a spongy interior. As implied by the name, their shapes
are irregular and complicated. The bones of the spine and hips are irregular bones.
 • Sesamoid bones are bones embedded in tendons. Since they act to hold the tendon
further away from the joint, the angle of the tendon is increased and thus the
leverage of the muscle is increased. Examples of sesamoid bones are the patella
and the pisiform.

Xương chi dưới

Gồm có 31 xương gồm xương chậu,xương đùi,xương bánh chè,xương cẳng chân,xương
cổ chân,xương bàn chân và xương ngón chân.

Xương chậu : innominate-bone, ilium, pelvis

Xương bánh chè: patella; kneecap; knee-pan
Xương đùi: femur, thigh bone
Xương ngón chân: pastern