A.

DC OPERATIONS
I. OBJECTIVES:
 To be able to demonstrate the operation of a two-stage RC coupled amplifier by
using measured circuit conditions.
 To be able to determine the dc operating conditions of an RC coupled amplifier
by using measured values and verify the results with a multimeter.
II. APPARATUS AND MATERIALS:
 F.A.C.E.T. Base Unit
 TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER CIRCUITS circuit board
 Power Supply 15 Vdc (2 required)
 Multimeter
 Oscilloscope, dual trace
 Generator, sine wave
III. THEORY: (REFER TO MANUAL)
IV. PROCEDURE: (REFER TO MANUAL)
V. DATA AND RESULTS:
1. What circuit component indicates that the amplifier circuit you just connected is RC
coupled?
2. Measure and record the supply voltage (Va) with reference to the ground.
3. Measure first-stage amplifier Q1 dc voltages, with reference to the ground. Record
your results in table 7-1.

VC1

VD1

VE1

4. Do the measurements taken in step 4 indicate that the base-emitter junction is

forward biased?
5. Do the measurements taken in step 4 indicate that the base collector junction is
reverse biased?
6. Would you conclude that the NPN amplifier Q1 is biased correctly?
7. Is the amplifier operating in its active region?
8. Measure the second stage amplifier Q2 dc voltages, with reference to ground.
Record your results in table 7-2.

VC2

VB2

VE2

9. Do the measurements taken in step 8 indicate that the base-emitter junction is

forward biased?
10. Do the measurements taken in step 8 indicate that the base-collector junction is
reversed biased?
11. Would you conclude that NPN amplifier Q2 is biased correctly?
12. Is the amplifier operating in its active region?
13. Place CM switch 2 in the ON position to short RC coupling capacitor C2. Did the dc
bias of amplifier Q1 change?
14. Is amplifier Q1 still operating in the active region?
15. Did the DC bias of amplifier Q2 change?
16. At what point is amplifier Q2 operating?
17. Is there dc interaction between the first and second stage amplifiers Q1 and Q2
while coupling capacitor C2 is shorted?

V. EVALUATION:
1. Set up the circuit in figure 7-5. Place the CM switch 1 in the ON position to change
the value of R5 from 1k ohms to 4.7k ohms. Measure the dc voltages for first stage
amplifier Q1, with reference to ground. Record your results in table 7-3.

VC2

VB2

VE2
With R5 equal to 4.7k ohms, amplifier Q1 is:
a. operating in the saturation region.
b. at the cut-off point
c. operating in the active region
d. no longer RC coupled to amplifier Q2
2. Cascaded amplifiers are amplifiers that
a. operate in parallel
b. have the output of the firt-stage amplifier connected to the input of the second-stage
amplifier
c. have the base voltage of the first-stage amplifier used as the collector voltage for the
second stage
d. are connected to have equal dc current gains.
3. The capacitor that connects RC coupled amplifiers:
a. changes the dc bias for the first amplifier
b. changes the Q-point of the second amplifier
c. has no effect on the dc bias of either amplifier
d. reduces the beta of the second amplifier
4. In an RC coupled amplifier circuit, the collector-base junctions of each transistor
a. are biased differently
b. are both reversed biased
c. are both forward biased
d. have a voltage difference of 0.6 Vdc
5. The purpose of having a voltage divider circuit for each transistor is to
a. prevent dc interaction between transistors
b. provide a return path for the first transistor emitter current
c. have equal collector currents
d. properly bias each transistor

VI. CONCLUSION:
B. AC VOLTAGE GAIN AND PHASE RELATIONSHIP

I. OBJECTIVES:
 To be able to determine the AC voltage gain and the input/output phase
relationship of an RC coupled amplifier by using measured and calculated and
verify the results with a multimeter and an oscilloscope.
II. APPARATUS AND MATERIALS:
 F.A.C.E.T. Base Unit
 TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER CIRCUITS circuit board
 Power Supply 15 Vdc (2 required)
 Multimeter
 Oscilloscope, dual trace
 Generator, sine wave
III. THEORY: (REFER TO MANUAL)
IV. PROCEDURE: (REFER TO MANUAL)
V. DATA AND RESULTS:
1. Measure and record the supply voltage VA, with reference to ground.
2. Connect channel 1 of the oscilloscope to the base of Q1. Adjust the sine wave
generator for a 100mVpk-pk, 1 kHz ac input signal (Vi1).
3. Connect the channel 2 probe of the oscilloscope to the first-stage ac output signal
V01 at the collector of Q1. What is V01?
4. In comparison to the input signal, is the output waveform distorted?
5. What is the relationship of V01 and Vi1?
6. Calculate and record the voltage gain of Q1 where the minus sign indicates phase
inversion.
7. Connect the channel 1 probe to the stage ac input signal Vi2 at the base of Q2. What
is Vi2?
8. Is Vi2 equal to V01?
9. Connect the channel 2 probe of the oscilloscope to the ac output signal V02 of Q2 at
the collector of Q2. What is V02?
10. What is the phase relationship of V02 to Vi2?
11. Calculate and record the voltage gain of Q2.
12. Connect the channel 1 probe to the base of Q1 (Vi1). What is the phase relationship
of V02 to Vi1?
13. Calculate and record the overall circuit gain.
14. Does the measure overall circuit gain equal the product of AV1(calculated in step 6
and AV2(calculate in step 11)?0.
15. With a 100 mvpk-pk input signal. Measure and record V02(L).
16. Calculate and record the loaded overall circuit gain.
17. Is the loaded overall circuit gain less than the unloaded overall circuit gain
calculated in step 13?
18. Bypass emitter resistor R10 by connecting R11 and C5 to the emitter of Q2. Load
resistor R12 should still be connected to C4. With a 100Mv pk-pk input signal, measure
and record V02(L).
19. Calculate and record the loaded overall circuit gain.
20. Did bypassing the emitter resistor greatly increase the gain?
21. Obserce output signal V02. Set CM13 switch in the ON position to change R12 from
4.7k to 1K ohms. What happened to V02?
22. What caused the result of step 21?

V. EVALUATION:
1. Set-up the circuit in figure 7-11. Observe the output signal V02 on the oscilloscope.
Turn CM switch to change R from 100 ohms to 390 ohms. The RC coupled amplifier
output signal V02 amplitude changed because the
a. output load (Rd was reduced.
b. second stage emitter resistance was increased.
c. second stage emitter resistance was reduced.
d. first stage voltage gain was reduced.
2. The overall circuit voltage gain of a two-stage RC coupled amplifier is equal to
a. V02/Vi1
b. Av1 x Av2
c. (-Vo1/Vi1) X (-V02/Vi2)
d. All of the above.
3. When an ac input signal is applied, each common-emitter stage
a. changes the phase of its inut signal by 90 degrees
b. acts as an independent amplifier circuit
c. changes the phase of its input signal by 180 degrees
d. has an output signal in phase with its input signal
4. When the emitter resistor of the second stage is bypassed with a capacitor, the
a. voltage gain of the second stage increases greatly, but the gain of the first stage
decreases slightly.
b. voltage gain of the first stage increases greatly, but the gain of the second stage
decreases slightly.
c. second stage amplifier goes into saturation
d. second stage emitter current decreases significantly
5. Increasing the collector resistance of either stage
a. decreases the amplifier gain
b. increases the amplifier gain
c. affects the input/output phase relationship
d. has no effect on the overall gain
VI. CONCLUSION:
C. RC COUPLED AMPLIFIER FREQUENCY RESPONSE

I. OBJECTIVES:
 To be able to determine the frequency of an RC coupled amplifier by using
measured values and verify the results with a multimeter and an oscilloscope.
II. APPARATUS AND MATERIALS:
 F.A.C.E.T. Base Unit
 TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER CIRCUITS circuit board
 Power Supply 15 Vdc (2 required)
 Multimeter
 Oscilloscope, dual trace
 Generator, sine wave
III. THEORY: (REFER TO MANUAL)
IV. PROCEDURE: (REFER TO MANUAL)
V. DATA AND RESULTS:
1. Measure and record the supply voltage VA, with reference to the ground.
2. Connect the channel 2 probe of the oscilloscope to the second stage ac output signal
at the collector of Q2. Measure V at a frequency of kHz. Record your results in table7-4.
Table 7-4. GAIN vs. FREQUENCY
FREQUENCY V02 AV
HZ MVpk-pk V02/0i1
20
50
1000
50000
100K

3. Do the gains on the frequency curve increase sharply before a frequency of 20Hz
and decrease sharply after 10Hz?

4. Are the gains for frequencies in the audio frequency range of 20Hz to 20KHz
generally within the bandwidth of the two-stage RC coupled amplifier?

5. Set CM switch 3 in the ON position to change the capacitance of C2 from 1.0

microfarade to 0.1 microfarade. Measure and record results in table 7-5 below.

FREQUENCY (HZ) V02 (MVpk-pk) AVC(L)

1K
10K
100K
6. Are the gains at frequencies between 10KHZ and 50kHz about the same for the RC
coupled amplifiers with 1.0µF and 1.0 µF capacitors? (Compare fig. 7-15and 7-16).
7. Refer to figure 7-16. What is the low frequency limit of the bandwidth when the
amplifier has a 0.1 µF coupling capacitor?

V. EVALUATION:

1. The way in which gain varies with the frequency is the

a. bandwidth
b. frequency response
c. gain efficiency
d. relative frequency

2.The range of frequencies over which the amplifier gain is constant is the
a. bandwidth
b. frequency response
c. gain efficiency
d. relative frequency

3. The size of the coupling capacitor affects frequency response at

a. high frequencies
b. middle frequencies
c. low frequencies
d. all frequencies

4. Amplifier gain starts to decrease at the higher frequencies because

a. resistor values are affected at high frequencies
b. the coupling capacitor starts to break down
c. of bias instability
d. the amplifier parameters change at high frequencies

5. Increasing the size of the coupling capacitor in a two-stage RC coupled amplifier from
0.05 µF to 5.0 µF will
a. increase the bandwidth
b. decrease the bandwidth
c. not affect the bandwidth
d. decrease the bandwidth at the higher temperature