RESEARCH PROPOSAL ON HUMAN DIESTETICS

 Language has domains, ones that have human populations and support institutions,
structures, and services. There are three classes of language domains, namely: non-
controlling domains (NCDs) those of the home and the lingua franca; semi-
controlling domains (SCDs) which include religion, politics, and
entertainment; controlling domains (CDs) chief of which are (1) government with sub-
domains of executive, judiciary, and legislature, (2) education with sub-domains of
elementary, secondary, vocational-technical, and higher education; (3) the professions
such as law, medicine, accountancy, etc.; (4) science and technology; (5) business,
commerce and industry; (6) information technology which includes mass media, (7)
literature and (8) international relations (Sibayan 1991, 1994a).

       The language(s) and language varieties used in the NCDs, SCDs, and CDs differ in
many significant respects. In the NCDs of the home and the lingua franca, there is no
restriction on what language or language variety that may be spoken or written although
reading and writing are optional. Any language, for example, English, Filipino, Ilocano or
any mixture may be used in the NCDs. The lingua franca of the Philippines before 1940
was English. Today it is Filipino or a “mix-mix”, what is technically called code-switching
variety popularly called Taglish. The rules of acceptability and correctness are very
liberal. A ‘fractured’ variety may be acceptable. One does not need to go to school to
learn the language of the home and the lingua franca.

       The language(s) and language varieties used and the rules that apply in the SCDs
of religion, entertainment, and politics are more strict than those in the NCDs of the
home and the lingua franca. The population in religion, for example, consists of various
categories of persons and different levels of education such as the well-educated
priests, nuns and ministers who have to learn an intellectualized language required in
their denomination for their education. On the other hand, many of the participants in
religious services may be passive as to the language used. Many participants may not
be able to read and write.

       The main language used in the CDs of language is always an intellectualized

language. An intellectualized language is that language that can be used for giving and
obtaining a complete education in any field of knowledge from kindergarten to the
university and beyond. An intellectualized language is written, thus making reading and
writing necessary skills. Knowledge and information on any subject are stored in and
retrieved from various written sources and information storage such as books and CD-
ROMs and most recently, with some languages, the internet. New knowledge and
information as a result of research are reported in an intellectualized language. By this
definition, English, Russian, German, French, Japanese, to name just five, are
intellectualized languages. By the same definition, Filipino is not (yet) an
intellectualized language. The only CD of language where Filipino is intellectualized is
literature. There is a respectable body of literature in Filipino, there are substantial
writers in Filipino literature and there are support organizations and publications for the
development of Filipino literature. However, one cannot acquire a college or university
degree with the use of Filipino only; the needed subjects to fulfill the requirements of a
B. S. in Filipino such as math and social science subjects are not available in Filipino.

Process of Intellectualization

       The process of intellectualizing a language, say Filipino, so that it may be used as
the language in the CDs of language involves, among other processes, the building up
of (1) various populations who possess different knowledges and skills in Filipino, who
have a good command of the registers needed in the domain and sub-domain, for
example, agricultural scientists, medical doctors, lawyers, accountants, etc. The
language used in medicine differs from the language of law, that is, the two differ in
registers so that even if both use English, the medical doctor may not understand the
register of law and vice versa. This is what is crucial in the development of an
intellectualized language: each domain, sub-domains and sub-sub-domains (fields of
specialization) have specific registers. The registers for practically all areas of
knowledge are available in intellectualized languages, but not in Filipino. The task of
developing the registers of the various areas of knowledge in Filipino and educating the
populations who can command and use these registers are formidable tasks in the
intellectualization of Filipino.

       A second task is the building of (2) support institutions and various structures such
as colleges and universities, hospitals; learned organizations that publish journals in
Filipino; service agencies such as publishing houses and other structures. The
population of a CD, say the sub-domain of medicine, consists of physicians, nurses,
technicians, nurse aids, and others who speak and write the language required in
medicine, in the Philippine case, English, an intellectualized language. One cannot learn
medicine in the Philippines with the use of Filipino. The principal support institutions in
medicine are Colleges of Medicine, hospitals, pharmaceutical labs, etc. The computer
programs for CT scans, hospital records are in English. The intellectualization of Filipino
as the language of medicine and the medical profession and other CDs of language is a
giant undertaking. Medical doctors say that it is impractical and impossible.

       Consider the other CDs of language such as the sub- and sub-sub domains of
science and technology, e.g. mathematics, physics, chemistry, the agricultural sciences,
and other areas of knowledge. The task of building the populations, support institutions
and services using Filipino to replace English is a task of the greatest magnitude.

Source Language(s) for Intellectualization

       A developing language needs a source language for intellectualization (SLI). The
source languages in the intellectualization of English were Greek, Latin, Old French,
Arabic, among others (see etymological entries in large dictionaries of English). The SLI
of Tagalog during the 16th to the 19th centuries was Spanish (Hispanismos 1972;
Gonzalez 1985). The SLI of Filipino in the 20th century and beyond is mainly English.
One can’t read modern and intellectualized Filipino (nee Tagalog) without encountering
borrowings from English. Those who have a good command of written and spoken
English and other intellectualized languages may fully contribute to the
intellectualization of Filipino; monolingual speakers of Filipino can hardly do so.

Language Replacement and Language Shift

       The replacement of English and the shift to Filipino as the national lingua franca
was easy because the variety of language, a mixture of Filipino, English, and the local
language, known as Taglish did/does not require schooling nor reading and writing; the
rules of acceptability are loose. On the other land, the replacement of English by Filipino
in the CDs of language require a high level of education, a mastery of the register or
registers in the domains and sub-domains (areas of specialization). The rules of
acceptability in reading and writing and mastery of both subject matter and register are
strict; there are various “gatekeeping agencies” and requirements for entry into the
domains, e.g. College entrance examinations, the Professional Regulation Commission,
Civil Service examinations, etc. In addition there is the matter of attitude by the people
on the replacement of English with Filipino. At present, English is the perceived
language for socio-economic advancement and is the language of aspiration in the CDs
of language.

       In order that Filipino may be intellectualized it must be used in the CDs of language
which means it must replace English. But for Filipino to replace English, it should be
intellectualized. Therein lies the dilemma in the intellectualization of Filipino.

Reference/s:
Bautista, Ma. Lourdes S. 1988. The parameters of intellectualization – Applications to
Filipino. Philippine Journal of Linguistics. 19.2. 35-44Gonzalez, Andrew. 1985. The
sixteenth century Tagalog of the Doctrina Cristiana (1593): A first step in
intellectualization. Likha. 8.2. 1-36Gonzalez, Andrew. 1988. The intellectualization of
Filipino: Agenda for the twenty-first century. Philippine Journal of Linguistics. 19.2. 3-
6Hispanismos en el Tagalo. 1972. Madrid: Oficina de Education
IberoamericanaSibayan, Bonifacio P. 1974. Language standardization as a component
of language planning: A suggested typology. Proceedings of the conference on The
Standardization of Asian Languages. Compiled by A. Q. Perez and A. O. Santiago.
Manila: Pambansang Samahan sa Linggwistikang Filipino, Ink

Sibayan, Bonifacio P. 1988. Terms and points of reference in intellectualization with

particular reference to Filipino. Philippine Journal of Linguistics. 19.2. 7-12

Sibayan, Bonifacio P. 1991. The intellectualization of Filipino. International Journal of.

The Sociology of Language. No. 88. 69-82

Sibayan, Bonifacio P. 1994a. The role and status of English vis-a-vis Filipino and other
languages in the Philippines. English and language planning: A Southeast Asian
contribution. Thiru Kandiah and John Kwan-Terry, eds. Singapore: Times Academic
Press. 218-241
Sibayan, Bonifacio P. 1994b. The teaching of the technical disciplines in Filipino.
Unitas. Quarterly for the Arts and Science, UST. 67.1. 88-99