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Overview of winner channel modelling activities

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 Overview of WINNER
Channel Modelling Activities
Tommi Jämsä, Juha Meinilä, Pekka Kyösti, Elektrobit Testing Ltd.
Daniel S. Baum, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich
Hassan El-Sallabi, Helsinki University of Technology
Terhi Rautiainen, Nokia Research Center
Christian Schneider, Marko Milojević, Technische Universität Ilmenau
Per Zetterberg, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm

Abstract—The European WINNER (Wireless
World Initiative New Radio) project is
developing a new radio concept for Beyond-3G
(B3G) systems. The radio channel plays an
important role in the evaluation of transceiver
parameters such as modulation, coding, link
adaptation, channel equalization, multi-user
scheduling, etc., in terms of, e.g., bit-error-rate
(BER), system throughput, and outage
probability. Due to the lack of suitable channel
models, new models were developed during
the project based on existing literature and
channel measurements. This paper introduces
the radio channel modelling activities in
WINNER and describes shortly the different
channel models devel-oped during the project.
Index Terms—channel model, channel
sounder, fading, MIMO, propagation, radio
channel
INTRODUCTION
crucial part of the simulation. On one hand, it
is very important to use accurate and realistic
channel models in the simulation to enable
realistic and reliable simulation results. On
the other hand, the complexity of the
simulation has to be tolerable. Therefore, the
research challenge is to create channel
models which balance realism and
computational simplicity [2].
WINNER Work Package 5 (WP5) has
focused on multi-dimensional radio channel
modelling. Totally six partners are involved in
WP5, namely Elektrobit, Helsinki University
of Technology, Nokia, Royal Institute of
Technology (KTH), Swiss Federal Institute of
Technology (ETH) Zürich, and Technical
University of Ilmenau. At project start, the
situation was such that no channel models
that are widely accepted and suitable for
WINNER system parameters were available.
Therefore, WINNER WP5 had to create new
channel models for the project. For initial

T he WINNER project aims to define the

concept of a Beyond-3G (B3G) wireless
communication system using a channel
bandwidth of up to 100 MHz for one radio
link, and radio frequencies most likely
between 2 and 6 GHz [1]. The research
concerning the suitability of certain
communication parameters like modulation,
coding, symbol rate, multiple-input multiple-
output (MIMO) antenna utilisation, etc., are
performed through extensive simulations.
The simulation results depend strongly on the
radio channel. Hence, the radio channel is a
purposes, WP5 selected and recommended
two existing channel models, which we call
initial channel models. These models are the
3GPP/3GPP2 Spatial Channel Model (SCM)
[3] for outdoor simulations and the IEEE
802.11 TGn model [6] (based on a concept
also used in METRA [4], [5]) for indoor
simulations. Because the SCM was not
suitable for WINNER simulations as such,
WP5 performed some modifications and
implemented the extended SCM (SCME) [7].
However, in spite of the modification, the
initial channel models were not sufficient for
advanced simulations. Consequently, new
WINNER models were still needed.
In this paper, we introduce the generic
channel model framework that was
subsequently used as a basis for the channel
models of selected WINNER scenarios. We
also present the reduced-variability models,
denoted clustered delay line (CDL) models,
which can for example be used for calibration
and comparison simulations.
The stochastic modelling approach allows
the creation of virtually unlimited double-
directional radio channel realisations. The
generic model is a ray-based multi-link model
that is antenna independent, scalable, and
capable of generating channels for MIMO
links. The channel models are suitable both
for link- and system-level simulations.
OBJECTIVES
The following objectives were set for WP5.
Initial short-term goal: Select the most
suitable existing models for immediate use.
Long-term goals:
- Refine classification and characterization
of Beyond-3G (B3G) propagation scenar-
ios for measurement and modelling
based on the given WINNER scenarios.
- Develop methods on simplifying channel
models without significantly decreasing
their realism and reliability.
- Deliver radio channel models and
corresponding tools for performance
evaluation of new radio interfaces on the
link- and system-level.
- Develop techniques and methods for
measurements, channel modelling, and
HW/SW simulations.
TIMELINE
The work was organised according to the
timeline shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Timeline
Model Month
Selection of channel models March 2004
from existing literature [8]
Extended SCM (SCME) [7] November
2004
WINNER Interim Channel February
Model for internal use within 2005
WINNER project [10]
WINNER Channel Model October 2005
[11]
CHANNEL MODELLING ACTIVITIES IN WINNER
The channel modelling activities in WINNER
were divided into five separate tasks, which
are listed in Table 2.
Table 2. WP5 Tasks
Task
5.1 Analysis and selection of existing
channel models for immediate use
5.2 Determination of propagation
scenarios
5.3 Channel measurements
5.4 Broadband spatio-temporal link-
level channel models
5.5 System-level channel models
Link-level here is defined as concerning a
single communication link, which of course
may include multiple antennas at the
transmitter and receiver. System-level is
defined as considering multiple communica-
tion links, potentially including multiple base-
stations (BSs). It is sometimes difficult to
classify channel model parameters into either
link-level or system-level, which is necessary
to separate these layers. Some parameters
are important in both link- and system-level
simulations, and thus any full separation has
to be considered carefully.
The WINNER channel modelling effort was
divided into two steps. In the first step,
channel models with limited number of
parameters were created for the most
urgently needed propagation scenarios
(prioritised scenarios). Generally in channel
modelling, scenarios are the result of a clas-
sification of the propagation environments
based on a mixture of visual and propaga-
tion-related parameters. A coarse scenario
list had been defined by other groups within
WINNER. More refined scenario classifica-
tions and channel model parameters were
defined for the five prioritised propagation
scenarios according to [9], namely indoor
small office, urban micro-cell, stationary
feeder, urban macro-cell, and rural macro-
cell. These models (denoted the WINNER
Interim Channel Model) are described in the
WINNER deliverable D5.3 [10].
In the second step, the channel models
were upgraded. More parameters were
included in the models and two more
scenarios – indoor large hall and suburban –
were also added, based on the feedback
from other work packages. These final
channel models are described in the
deliverable D5.4 [11].
Page 2 (5)
 The process of measuring the propagation Table 3. Channel sounders used in WINNER
channel, extracting and modelling project
parameters, and generating channel Measurem Hyperlink
realisations is shown in Figure 1. The generic ent system
modelling approach is the basis in all phases Propsound http://www.propsim.com/
of this process. Our generic modelling Propsound http://www.propsim.com/
approach is based on decomposing the + HUT
effective channel into ideal plain waves, antennas
whose geometric parameters are RUSK http://www.channelsounder.de/
subsequently modelled in a statistical
fashion. This yields an antenna-independent KTH See chapter 4 of IR-SB-
model, which consists of three parts: specific EX0519 which is
transmitter array, propagation channel, and downloadable from
receiver array. The statistical parameters of http://www.s3.kth.se/php/index
the plain waves (also called rays or paths) .php?action=publications
are amplitude, phase, delay, angle-of- HUT http://www.tkk.fi/Units/Radio/re
departure (AoD), angle-of-arrival (AoA), and specific search/rf_applications_in_mobi
polarization. le_communication/radio_chan
nel/radio_channel_sounder.ht
Parameter Parameter
MIMO transfer
Channel
m
matrix
PDFs generation realizations
generation

The measured environments cover

Data post-
Array
responses different indoor, urban micro- and macro-
processing /
Analysis cellular, suburban macro-cellular and rural
scenarios. In most measurement campaigns,
the used antennas support directional
Measurement
data
parameter estimations. Measurement results
Generic
model were analyzed using beamforming and
superresolution methods. The extracted
parameters, e.g. path-loss, shadow fading
Figure 1. Channel modelling process characteristics, power delay profiles, delay
spreads, angular spreads, and cross-
The selection of model parameters as well polarisation ratio (XPR), were analyzed for
as their statistics was based on existing the scenarios of interest.
literature and the results from the data
extraction of measurement campaigns WINNER CHANNEL MODELS
performed by WP5.
There are two types of channel models for
CHANNEL MEASUREMENTS each scenario: a generic model and a
reduced-variability model denoted clustered
Eleven measurement campaigns were delay line (CDL) model, which can for
designed and performed in WINNER WP5 example be used for calibration and
during 2004 to obtain parameters for the comparison simulations.
WINNER channel models. The The key cluster parameters of the CDL
measurements were performed by five models are delay, power, angle of departure
partners, namely Elektrobit, Helsinki (AoD), angle of arrival (AoA), Ricean K-
University of Technology, KTH, Nokia, and factor, mobile station (MS) speed, number of
TU Ilmenau. Different channel sounders, rays per cluster, ray powers, cluster and
most of them capable of measuring at 2 and composite cluster azimuth-spread at MS, and
5 GHz frequency ranges, and employing a cluster and composite cluster azimuth-spread
sounding sequence with around 100 MHz at BS. Intra-cluster delay spread is zero and
sampling rate at transmitted, were used. The therefore we call clusters as ZDSC (zero
channel measurements were performed delay-spread cluster). As an example, the
using channel sounders listed in Table 3. CDL model for urban macro-cell scenario is
shown in Table 4. Exact values for all
scenarios can be found in [11].
The generic models are so-called
stochastic multi-segment models, where –
compared to CDL models – delays and

Page 3 (5)
angles are also randomized. An exact [11] and will be presented in IEEE Vehicular
definition of the generic models is given in Technology Conference in Spring 2006 [12].
Table 4. CDL model for urban macro-cell non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenario
ZDSC # delay Power AoD [º] AoA K- MS speed = 50
[ns] [dB] [º] factor km/h,
[dB] direction
U(0o,360o )
1 0 -0.5 0 0

-∞

Composite AS at MS [º] = 53
Composite AS at BS [º] = 8
Number of rays /ZDSC = 10

ZDSC AS at BS [º] = 2
ZDSC angular spread (AS) at MS [º] = 15
2 5 0.0 4 4
3 135 -3.4 -3 7
4 160 -2.8 -4 10
5 215 -4.6 -7 21
6 260 -0.9 8 -45
7 385 -6.7 10 -75
8 400 -4.5 17 65
9 530 -9.0 -8 160
10 540 -7.8 -8 155
11 650 -7.4 -4 88
12 670 -8.4 -7 80
13 720 -11.0 -9 -90
14 750 -9.0 -9 -105
15 800 -5.1 12 8
16 945 -6.7 -17 45
17 1035 -12.1 19 50
18 1185 -13.2 12 -15
19 1390 -13.7 19 -25
20 1470 -19.8 21 100

STANDARDIZATION Initial simulation results show rather clear

performance differences between the original
SCM and the 20 MHz modified SCME in
The frequency-correlation behaviour of the
coded block error rate (BLER) results (Figure
SCM (designed for 5 MHz CDMA channels)
3).
indicates potential shortages when the model
is applied to a 20 MHz orthogonal frequency
division multiplexing (OFDM) system. The
periodicity in frequency correlation can be
mitigated by modifying the model according
to the approach suggested in SCME (Figure
2).

Figure 3. OFDM BLER with SCM and 20

Figure 2. Power-delay profile (PDP) and
frequency-correlation function (FCF) of SCM
and 20 MHz modified SCME.
MHz SCME.
The modified SCME, adjusted for
bandwidths of up to 20 MHz, was presented
in two standardization forums, namely 3GPP
[13] and 3GPP2 [14]. The presented model
provides consistency and comparability,
since it is backwards compatible with the
original SCM, meaning that when its results

Page 4 (5)
 are downsampled to 5 MHz, the channels [4]
characteristics are equivalent to those
retrieved from SCM. A license-free Matlab [5]
implementation of SCME for 100 MHz is
available online at [1]. With some minor [6]
modifications, it can be used for 20 MHz
3GPP long term evolution (LTE) simulations.
[7]
DISCUSSION
The channel modelling work as part of the
WINNER project is aimed not only for
WINNER internal purposes. The developed
channel models could also be used in other
projects and in standardization activities. The [8]
channel model is suitable for both short
range and wide area communications
including wireless local area network
(WLAN), wireless metropolitan area networks
(WMAN), 3G long term evolution, and [9]
Beyond 3G.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS [10]
This work has been performed in the
framework of the IST project IST-2003-
507581 WINNER, which is partly funded by
the European Union. The authors would like
to acknowledge the contributions of their [11]
colleagues.
This presentation and the channel models
created in WINNER WP5 are based on the
work of all the partners in the WP5, namely
Elektrobit Testing Ltd., Finland, Helsinki [12]
University of Technology (TKK), Finland,
Royal University of Technology (KTH),
Sweden, Ilmenau University of Technology,
Germany, Swiss Federal Institute of
Technology (ETH) Zürich, Switzerland, and
Nokia Research Center, Finland.
REFERENCES [13]
[1] https://www.ist-winner.org/
[2] T. Jämsä, J. Ylitalo, R. Thomä, A.
Alexiou (Editors), ”Multi-Dimensional
[14]
Radio Channel Measurement and
Modelling for Future Mobile and Short-
Range Wireless Systems,” White
Paper, 14th WWRF meeting 7-8 Jul.,
2005, San Diego, USA.
[3] 3GPP TR25.996 V6.1.0 (2003-09),
“Spatial channel model for multiple
input multiple output (MIMO)
simulations,” Release 6.
View publication stats
http://www.ist-
imetra.org/metra/index.html
http://www.ist-imetra.org
IEEE 802.11-03/940r2, “IEEE P802.11
Wireless LANs, TGn Channel Models,”
Jan. 9, 2004.
D. S. Baum, G. Del Galdo, J. Salo, P.
Kyösti, T. Rautiainen, M. Milojevic, and
J. Hansen, “An Interim Channel Model
for Beyond-3G Systems,” in Proc.
IEEE Veh. Technol. Conf. VTC’05-
Spring, Stockholm, Sweden, May
2005.
J. Meinilä et al., “A set of channel and
propagation models for early link and
system level simulations,” WINNER
project deliverable D5.1, Mar. 2004.
J. Meinilä et al., “Determination of
Propagation Scenarios,” WINNER
project deliverable D5.2, Jun. 2004.
H. El-Sallabi, D. S. Baum et al.,
“Interim Report on Link Level and
System Level Channel Models,”
WINNER project internal deliverable
D5.3, v.1.0 – Feb. 2005, v.2.5 – May
2005.
D. S. Baum, H. El-Sallabi et al., “Final
Report on Link Level and System
Level Channel Models,” WINNER
project deliverable D5.4 v1.0 – Sep.
2005, v.1.4 – Nov. 2005.
H. El-Sallabi, D. S. Baum, P.
Zetterberg, P. Kyösti, T. Rautiainen,
and C. Schneider, “Wideband Spatial
Channel Model for MIMO Systems at 5
GHz in Indoor and Outdoor
Environments”, submitted to IEEE Veh.
Technol. Conf. VTC’06 Spring,
Melbourne, Australia, May 7-10, 2006.
“Spatial Radio Channel Models for
Systems Beyond 3G”, contribution R4-
050854, 3GPP TSG RAN WG4
Meeting #36, London, UK, 1 Sep.
2005.
Contribution to 3GPP2/TSG-C – C30-
20050926-017, Sep. 2005.
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