RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR

FPSO

Dr. Iwan D. Aryawan

Senior Specialist Naval Architect for Floating
Structures

Workshop
Deepwater Technology for Indonesian Water
ITS-Surabaya, 22-23 November, 2005
 PROGRAM
• FLOATING OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS
• FPSO CONCEPT
ITS-Surabaya

• RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR FPSO

• RULES BASED ASSESSMENT
– Overview
– Hull Structures
– Positional Mooring
• CLOSING REMARKS

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 FLOATING OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS
ITS-Surabaya

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Some Driving Factors

• Water depth
ITS-Surabaya

• Infrastructures around the field development

• The size of the reservoir

• Demolition requirement

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Floating Offshore Installations
ITS-Surabaya

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Barge (1%)
Asia (20)
Spar (2%)
North Sea (14)
West Africa (10) TLP (8%)
ITS-Surabaya
Jackup
(11%)
FPSO
(52%)

Semi
(26%)

Around 140 Operational Floating

Production Units
Surabaya, 23 November 2005
 Floating Platforms for Deepwater Development
(> 500m, 2004 onward)

Location Type of Floating Number

Platform
ITS-Surabaya

Semi-submersible 3
USA (GoM) TLP 3
Spar 7

FPSO 10
South America
Semi-Submersible 2

FPSO 2
Asia Pacific
TLP 1 (West Seno-Unocal)

FPSO 11
West Africa TLP 1
FSO 1
Source: Offshore Engineer, April’2005

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 FPSO
ITS-Surabaya

Floating Production Storage and Offloading

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Characteristics of FPSO
• Large storage capacity

• Large topside area

ITS-Surabaya

• Proven offloading

• ‘Fast track’ development

• Re-usability

• Proven floating concept – (ship-shaped platform)

Rules and Regulations

FPSO = Ship ?
Surabaya, 23 November 2005
 RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR FPSO

Operation mode Voyage mode

ITS-Surabaya

National Authority International

(Coastal State) Regulation
Flag State
•SOLAS
•MARPOL
•Loadline
Class •Tonnage

Class. Societies
(LR, ABS, DnV, etc.)
Surabaya, 23 November 2005
 CLASS RULE BASED ASSESSMENT
ITS-Surabaya

• LR Rules and Regulations for the Classification

of Floating Offshore Installation at a Fixed
Location, July 1999.

• LR Rules: LR Rules and Regulations for the

Classification of Ships, July 2004.

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Some Key Points

• Site-specific environmental conditions

ITS-Surabaya

• Cross-reference with the ship rules (scantlings)

• Verification through first principal

approach/Model tests
– Hydrodynamic analyses/Model Tests
– FEA (SDA)
– Fatigue Assessment (FDA)

• Other recognise codes/standards

• Continuously developed

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Site-Specific Environmental Conditions

• Water depth
ITS-Surabaya

• Wind

• Wave

• Current

• Temperature

• Sea bed/soil conditions

• Marine growth

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 100 Year Wave Contours
20
20

18
ITS-Surabaya

16

14

12

Hs
10

4
4
2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30

2 TP1 , TP2 , TP3 30

2 , i 2 , i 2 , i

Tp
Surabaya, 23 November 2005
 Hull Assessment

• Structural Arrangements
ITS-Surabaya

• Longitudinal Strength

• Hull Deflections and Accelerations

• Structural Analysis

• Model Tests

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Structural Arrangement
ITS-Surabaya

Ballast tanks

• Tank arrangement
• Double sides/double bottom
• Accommodation fwd/aft
• Topside facilities location

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

ITS-Surabaya

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Hull longitudinal strength

Maximum hogging
ITS-Surabaya

Maximum sagging

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Site-specific bending moment

D eep
D r a ft
ITS-Surabaya
LR Ru le
Bending M om ent

Lig h t
D r a ft

0 50 100 150 200 250

D i s tan ce fro m A ft Pe rp e n d i cu l ar (m )

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Site-specific shear force

100 Year
ITS-Surabaya

Deep Draft

LR
Shear Force

Ru le

Light Draft

0 50 100 150 200 250

D istance from Aft Perpendicular (m)

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Hull Bending Moment Capacity
ITS-Surabaya

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Deck Structures Deflections

•Elongation range for fatigue calculation

ITS-Surabaya
•Minimum (-) and maximum (+) deformations

BM

Values increased
Rigid Rigid

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Hull Accelerations
100year Criteria, Vessel Heading Sensitive
ITS-Surabaya

Trans. 0.20g 0.20g 0.25g

Long. 0.40g 0.35g 0.45g
Vert. 1.90g 1.30g 2.10g

Due to rigid-body 6DOF components

Surabaya, 23 November 2005
 FEA Cargo Tank
ITS-Surabaya

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Turret Integration – FE Stress Plot
ITS-Surabaya

Loading

* Mooring system and risers

* Hull girder SF & BM
* Internal/external pressure
Surabaya, 23 November 2005
 Topside Support

„ Gravity loading
ITS-Surabaya

„ Hull motions
„ Hull girder
stresses
„ Hull girder
deflections

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Sloshing
ITS-Surabaya

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Non-linear FEA
ITS-Surabaya

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Model Testing

• Analysis Calibration
ITS-Surabaya
– vessel motion (roll damping)
– hull girder loads

• Greenwater, Slamming/Wave Impact

• Mooring/Riser design

• FPSO/Shuttle tanker interaction

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Green Seas, Pitch, Sagging & Hogging
ITS-Surabaya

1 2

3 4

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Bow slamming
ITS-Surabaya

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 MOORING ASSESSMENT

• Environmental Conditions
ITS-Surabaya

• Design Aspects

• Design Analysis

• Material Aspects

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Mooring Configurations
ITS-Surabaya

Heidrun

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 YOKE MOORING
ITS-Surabaya

Sea Eagle

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 SPREAD MOORING
ITS-Surabaya

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 EXTERNAL TURRET MOORING
ITS-Surabaya

Whakaaropai

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Turret Mooring Systems
ITS-Surabaya Internal External

Large Internal Turret Small Internal Turret Riser Turret

Mooring

Buoyant External Turret Mooring

Turret
Mooring Submerged Turret
Production
Surabaya, 23 November 2005
ITS-Surabaya

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 MOORING COMPONENTS
ITS-Surabaya

Chain
Wire rope

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Mooring Analysis

• Mean, Low- and Wave frequencies

ITS-Surabaya

• Wind, wave and current combinations

100 year waves + 100 year wind + 10 year current

100 year waves + 10 year wind + 100 year current

• Cross reference with API 2SK for fatigue

assessment

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Wind, wave and current directions
ITS-Surabaya

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

ITS-Surabaya

What could go wrong…?

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Crack in Transverse Web Frame
ITS-Surabaya

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Wire Rope Problems
ITS-Surabaya

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Anchor Chain Problems
ITS-Surabaya

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 CLOSING REMARKS

• FPSO concept is by far the most popular floating

offshore installations
ITS-Surabaya

• Class rules are a proven ‘performance standard’

for FPSO design

• FPSO is not simply a tanker with production

facility on her deck

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

 Rules and regulations are
ITS-Surabaya

developed to make sure that

people don’t repeat mistakes !!

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

ITS-Surabaya

We got a problem here !!

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

ITS-Surabaya

No worry mate, this is a small job !!

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

ITS-Surabaya

my ‘engineering judgement’ always works !!

Surabaya, 23 November 2005
ITS-Surabaya

Oepsss !!

Surabaya, 23 November 2005

ITS-Surabaya

Don’t worry mate, we got a bigger truck !!

Surabaya, 23 November 2005
ITS-Surabaya

Told ya, my engineering judgement always works !!

Surabaya, 23 November 2005
ITS-Surabaya

You sure it will work for this one as well?

……..Yup!!
Surabaya, 23 November 2005
ITS-Surabaya

need no checks or some calcs first?

……..nope…just trust me will ya!!
Surabaya, 23 November 2005
ITS-Surabaya

told ya, my ………….. ssssssshh !!

Surabaya, 23 November 2005
 Thank you !!
ITS-Surabaya

iwan.aryawan@lr.org

Surabaya, 23 November 2005