Republic of the Philippines

Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING  Grade 
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 
 
SCI 3 – Geology for Civil Engineer
Module #1 - EXERCISE
Second-Semester 2019 – 2020 

Name : __________________________________________ Date :___________________

INTRODUCTION TO GEOLOGY

Overview: In this session we will learn the basic of Earth Science.

LEARNING
OUTCOMES MATERIALS ACTIVITIES
1. The student will be able to familiarize with the fundamentals of earth science.  Power Point  Exercises
Presentation  Group Discussion
 Related videos  Assignment
2. They will become interested in scrutinizing the different parts and composition of the earth under physical  Reference books  Quiz
geology.  Internet

DIRECTION : Choose the best answer for each question below by writing on your answering sheets as A,B,C,D.

1. Which of the following statements regarding the scientific methods is true? hydrogen and helium

A hypothesis must be agreed upon by more than one scientist iron and nickel
6. The process by which an originally homogeneous Earth developed a
A theory is a hypothesis that has withstood many scientific tests dense core and a light crust is called:

A theory is proven to be true, and therefore may not be discarded metamorphism

A hypothesis cannot predict the outcome of scientific experiments differentiation

2. According to the principle of uniformatarianism,
accretion
geologic processes we observe today have operated in the past
compression
geologic process in the past operated at the same rate as they do 7. The heat that caused melting in the Earth's early history was supplied
today from which of the following events or causes?

all of the planets formed from a uniform solar nebula volcanic activity and radioactivity

early Earth was covered by a uniform magma ocean solar heating and volcanic activity
3. Approximately how long ago did the Big Bang take place?
a large impact event and radioactivity
10-15 thousand years ago
a large impact event and solar heating
10-15 million years ago 8. How thick is the crust of the Earth?

100-150 million years ago about 4 miles

10-15 billion years ago about 4 km

4. Under intense pressure and high temperature, hydrogen atoms combine
to form helium. This process is called: about 40 km

nuclear fusion about 400 km

9. The layer that separates crust from core is the?
nuclear fission
magma layer
metamorphism
lithosphere
convection
5. What are the two most abundant elements in nebula (gas clouds) in the mantle
universe?
continent
nitrogen and oxygen 10. What drives the Earth's internal heat engine?

oxygen and silicon radioactivity

solar energy

 
 
 
volcanoes a mid-ocean ridge

ocean tides earthquakes

11. In general, igneous rocks:
a deep-sea trench zone
form at relatively high temperatures
volcanic activity
form by crystallization of solids from a liquid 19. The greatest threat to our environment is ___________?

form at high and low pressures volcanoes

all of the above earthquakes

12. Minerals:
humans
can form by life-processes -- organic
bacteria
are crystalline solids 20. Earth materials always trace the complete rock cycle from sediment
through igneous rocks.
have a unique chemical composition
True
can be any state (solid, liquid, or gas) as long as that state occurs
naturally False
13. Metamorphic rocks are changed rocks. Which of the following rock types 21. The terms crust and lithosphere are synonymous.
could be the "parent" of a metamorphic rock?
True
sedimentary
False
igneous 22. The terms mantle and asthenosphere are synonymous.

metamorphic True

all of the above False

14. _______involves transfer of heat by the physical movement of the 23. Because we rarely witness dramatic changes in the Earth, we can
material: conclude that the Earth is not changing very much.

conduction True

convection False
24. The motions of the three types of plate boundaries would be described as
metamorphism divergent, convergent, and static.

radiation True
15. __________is called the "father" of geology.
False
John Butler 25. The crust of the Earth is static and stable.

Art Smith True

James Hutton False

26. Features useful in defining plate boundaries include all except:
Alfred Wegner
16. New seafloor is created at a ____________? shorelines between continents and oceans

deep-sea trench distribution of volcanoes

mid-ocean ridge distribution of earthquakes

subduction zone distribution of mountain ranges

transform fault all are correct

17. The descent of oceanic lithosphere into the mantle is the process of 27. The age of the Earth is currently thought to be
_______?
about 6,000 years old
accretion
about 6 billion years old
subduction
about 4,500,000 years old
divergence zone
about 4,500,000,000 years old
contraction fault
18. Which of the following features is not associated with a convergent plate none of the above
boundary? 28. The contribution made to geology by James Hutton was:

 
 
 
the recognition that processes still active today could produce rocks and ice
almost any known rock type.
oxygen and nitrogen
the description of plausible processes for converting one rock type
to another. hydrogen and helium

a change in outlook on Earth processes from a catastrophic to a helium and krypton

uniformitarian one. 36. The moon is ?

all of the above older than the sun

none of the above older than most meteorites

29. One of geology's greatest contributions to human thought is:
older than the Earth
the realization that the world is round
none of these
the realization that the sun not the Earth is the center of the solar 37. The name of the layer of the Earth that separates the crust from the core
system is the ___?

the recognition of the long span of time involved in Earth history magma

the recognition that the Earth is the center of the solar system lithosphere
30. Evidence of uniformitarian change includes:
asthenosphere
glacial deposits in areas where no glaciers are presently found.
mantle
fossils of marine animals found at high elevation 38. What powers the Earth's internal heat engine?

continents covered by sediments deposited in an ocean radioactivity

wide canyons cut by small streams solar energy

all of the above volcanoes

none of the above ocean tides

31. Living organisms have been on Earth for ______ of Earth's history? 39. The Earth's external heat engine is not responsible for which of the
following:
less than 1%
climate
about 20%
erosion
about 50%
tides
about 80%
32. Humans have been on Earth for _________ of Earth;s history? winds
40. Oxygen built up in the Earth's atmosphere because:
less than 1%
the oceans separated from the crust
about 20%
rocks weathered and released their oxygen
about 50%
algae and other organisms employed photosynthesis
about 80%
33. What caused dust and condensing material to accrete into planetesimals? oxygen settled on Earth from planets further from the sun
41. Which of the planets is not geologically active?
heating of gases
Mars
gravitational attraction and collisions
Mercury
nuclear fusion
Venus
rotation of the proto-sun
34. Which of the following is not one of the four inner planets? Earth
42. When did geologists develop the theory of plate tectonics
Mars
in the mid 1800s
Earth
in the early 1900s
Neptune
in the 1950s
Mars
35. The outer planets are composed mostly of ? in the 1960s

 
 
 
43. The lithosphere is approximately ______ kilometers thick.
transform fault
1-2
all of these are plate boundaries
5-10 50. New seafloor is created at a ________.

50-100 deep sea trench

100-200 mid-ocean ridge

44. The asthenosphere is _________.
subduction zone
cool and strong
transform fault
cool and weak 51. The descent of oceanic lithosphere into the mantle is the process of
______.
hot and strong
subduction
hot and weak
45. The Earth's lithosphere is broken into approximately ______ large, rigid accretion
plates.
divergence
2
contraction
12 52. Approximately how deep (below sea level) are deep-sea trenches?

50 1 km

100 10 km

100 km

1000 km
53. Which of the following features is not associated with a transform plate
boundary?

a mid-ocean ridge

earthquakes

46. A __________ plate boundary is illustrated in the figure show above. a deep sea-trench

transform fault volcanic activity

54. Volcanism is associated with which of the following types of plate
divergent boundaries?

convergent - subduction convergent plate boundaries

convergent - continent/continent collision divergent plate boundaries

47. Which of the following statements about convection is true?
transform fault plate boundaries
heat is transferred from hot material to cool material without
inducing a flow. divergent and convergent plate boundaries
55. The Andes Mountains of South America are a result of which type of plate
cool material flows upward and displaces hot material boundary?

hot material flows upward and displaces cool material convergent

random circulation occurs divergent

48. Approximately how fast does an Earth lithospheric plate move?
transform
several centimeters per year
they are not related to a plate boundary
several centimeters per day 56. Mount St. Helen's. a part of the Cascade Range of volcanoes, result from
the subduction of which plate?
several centimeters per hour
Pacific
several centimeters per second
49. Which of the following is not a type of plate boundary? Cocos

convergent Juan de Fuca

divergent North American

 
 
 
57. What is the name of the large supercontinent that existed 200 million years
ago when all of the continents were together?

San Andreas

Andian

Indian

Pangaea
58. Why is our vulnerability to natural disasters growing?

because the frequency of volcanic eruptions is increasing

because the human population is increasing

because the number of earthquakes each year is increasing

because the number of floods each year is increasing

59. The theory of plate tectonics was not initially widely accepted because __.. 60. Referring to the diagram above, path A is _______

land bridges would have blocked plate movement cooling and crystallization

rocks of the Earth's crust were considered too stiff for continents to burial and lithification
move through them
weathering and deposition
fossils on South America and Africa did not match
cooling and uplift
ocean floor mapping showed that older rocks occur away from mid- 61. Referring to the diagram above, path B is _______
ocean ridges
uplift, weathering and erosion, deposition

deposition, heat and pressure, weathering

melting, crystallization, heat and pressure

deposition, lithification and crystallization

62. Referring to the diagram what factor(s) are responsible for path C?

melting

crystallization

heat and pressure

burial and lithification