CHAPTER - 1

NATURE AND SIGNIFICANE OF MANAGEMENT

MEANING:-
Management is a process of getting things done with the aim of achieving goals effectively and efficiently.
The concept of Management insist on three terms:
♣ Process: Process refers to series or sequence of steps, management is a process because it performs series of
functions to get the things done.
♣ Effectiveness: It is concerned with doing right task, completing activities and achieving goal.
♣ Efficiency: It refers to do the task in the right way, i.e., with minimum cost and optimum utilisation of resources.
BASIS EFFECTIVE EFFICIENT
MEANING Completing a task on time. Completing the task with minimum cost.
OBJECTIVE Achieving end result Cost benefit analysis
FEATURES OR CHARACTERSTICS OF MANAGEMENT:-
P M D I G ke through Government ki Activity Control & Manage karte hai.
P- Pervasive: Managerial activities are performed in all types of organization, in all departments and all levels.
M- Multi dimensional: Management does not mean one single activity but it includes three main activities:
♠ Management of work: All organisations are set up to perform some task or goal. Management activities aim at
achieving goals or task to be accomplished.
♠ Management of people: People refer to human resources and human resources are the most important assets of an
organization. Management has to get task accomplished through people by making their strength effective and
their weakness irrelevant.
♠ Management of operations: Management of operations concentrates on mixing management of work with
management of people, i.e., deciding what work has to be done, how it has to be done and who will do it.
D- Dynamic function: Management has to make changes in goal, objectives and other activities according to changes taking
place in the environment.
I – Intangible: Management function cannot be physically seen but its presence can be felt.
G- Group Activity: Management always refers to a group of people involved in managerial activities. Each individual performs
his/her role at his/her status and department, then only managerial function can be executed.
G- Goal Oriented Process: Management always aims at achieving the organisational objectives. The function and activities of
manager lead to the achievement of organisational objectives.
C- Continuous Process: Management is a continuous or never ending function. All the functions of management are performed
continuously.
OBJECTIVES OF MANAGEMENT
OPS
O- Organisational Objectives: Three important organisational objectives of a manger are:
P&G
P - Profit: The most important objective of every organisation is earning adequate amount of profit. Profit is essential for
survival, growth and expansion of business.
& - Survival: The basic purpose of every organisation is to survive and exist in the competitive market for a long period of time
and it is possible only when it is able to cover its cost.
G - Growth: Business organisation must grow and expand their activities.
P- Personal /human/individual objectives: The main objectives are:
G A P Dhund ke Shot lagana.
G – Good and healthy working conditions.
A – Adequate salary
P – Peer recognition (self respect)
D – Development and training
S- Social Objectives: Deals with the organisation commitment towards the society.
Ek Ek Paise ke Ek Ek Question
E – Employment opportunities.
E- Economic wealth
P- Participating activity in social welfare
E- Education health and vocational training

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E- Eco friendly method of production

Q- Quality product
IMPORTANCE OF MANAGEMENT (characteristics and objectives ko mila ke likhna hai)
1. Management helps in achieving group goal.
2. Management increases efficiency.
3. Management creates a dynamic organisation.
4. Management helps in achieving personal objectives.
5. Management helps in developing society.
NATURE OF MANAGEMENT
Management of Science
UPS
U - Universal validity (not present): Management principles are not exact like scientific principles so their application and use is
not universal.
P - Principle are based on Experiment (partially present): Management principles are also developed through observations and
experiments but since management deal with human being and human behavior cannot be accurately predicted.
S - Systematic body of knowledge (present): In science organized and systematic study material is available which is used to
acquire the knowledge of science.
Conclusion: So management cannot be considered pure or exact science but we can call it as an inexact science or social
science.
Management as Art
BSP
B- Based on practice and creative (present): The artist requires regular practice of art to become more fine and perfect. Same
way with experience managers also improve their managerial skills and efficiency.
S- Systematic body of Knowledge (present): In management also there is systematic and organized body of knowledge
available which can help in acquiring managerial studies
P- Personalised application (present): In the field of art theoretical knowledge is not enough. Every artist must have personal
skill and creativity to apply that knowledge.
Conclusion: Since all the features are present of management as an art therefore we can say that management as an art of
getting the things done by others.
Management as Profession
Play Station khelna Ek Wrong chiz hai. Usse khelna Rokna hai
P- Presence of Professional associations (presently not present but very soon will be include): For all the professions, special
associations are established and every professional has to get himself registered with his association before practicing that
profession.
S- Service motive (presently not present but very soon will be include): The basic motive of every profession is to serve the
clients with dedications. Whereas basic purpose of management is achievement of management goal.
E- Existence of ethical codes (presently not present but very soon will be include): For every profession there are set of ethical
codes fixed by professional organization and are binding on all the professionals of that profession.
W- Well defined body of knowledge (present): In case of management also there is availability of systematic body of
knowledge. There are large number of books available on management studies.
R- Restricted entry (presently not present but very soon will be include): The entry to
Profession is restricted through an examination or degree.
LEVEL OF MANAGEMENT
♥ Top level management(chairmen, board of directors, CEO,CFO etc): Functions –
Phele objective batana phir uss objective ko pura karne ke liye plan and policies banana, plan and policy banane ke
baad chijo ko dhang se organise karna, phir sab resources ka juggard karna aur assemble karna, hamesa organisation
ka welfare sochna and uske growth ka dhyan rakhna, phir bahar ke logo se liason karna.
♥ Middle level management(finance manager, marketing manager): Functions –
Niche walo ko policy samjhana, sab chijo ko organise karna, logo ko appoint karna, phir unko motivate karna kam ke
liye, per unpe control rakhna aur time to time instruct karna, cooperate karna sikhana and jo jo baade logo ne policy
banayi hai usko implement karwana.
♥ Lower level management(supervisors, foreman, clerk etc): Functions –
Workers ki complaint sunana, usko thik karke acha rehene ka environment create karna, unki safety ka dhyan rakhna,
middle level ki help karna logo ko appoint karne me, workers se chijo ka suggestions lena, parantu unko quality ka

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dhyan rakhne bolna, vo jayada waste na kare material ka yeh dhyan rakhna aur unhe kam karne ke liye unka morale
increase karna.
CO-ORDINATION
Co-ordination means the process by which manager synchronises the activities of different department.
NATURE/FEATURE OF CO-ORDINATION
5 baar Co-ordination Check karne se Ek bhi galte nahi hoti.
C - Co-ordination integrates group efforts: The concept of co-ordination always applies to group efforts. There is no need for
coordination when only single individual is working.
C - Co-ordination is a pervasive function: Coordination is a universal function.
C - Co-ordination is a responsibility of all managers: Coordination is not only the task of only top level managers but managers
working at different levels try to coordinate the activities of organization.
C - Co-ordination is a deliberate function: Every manager tries to coordinate the activities or organisation to avoid confusion
and chaos.
C - Continuous function: Coordination is non ending function.
E - Ensure unity of efforts: Coordination ensure all department work hand in hand and create balance in all the department. It
acts as binding force in all departments.
Importance of Co-ordination
Size dekh k co-ordination k functional differential karna or uspe specialization rakhna
♦ Size: The need of coordination increases with the increase in size of organisation because in arge organisation there
are more number of persons working, each individual has his own needs and objectives, so there is more need to
bring together the efforts of these employees towards common goal.
♦ Functional differentiation: The functions of an organisation are divided into different departments, sections or
divisions and each department works in isolation by giving importance to its objective. The coordination is needed to
minimize the differences among departments.
♦ Specialization: in large and modern organization there is high degree of specialization and the specialists or experts
feel that they are the only qualified people and they always take right decision in right direction.
COORDINATION: THE ESSENCE OF MANAGEMENT
1. Coordination is needed to perform all the functions of management.
2. Coordination is required at all the levels.
3. Coordination is the most important function of an organization.
FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT
D O C k Pas Jaoge toh Sui lagyega (yahi sab chapters hai vaha se padhenge enke bare main)
D – Directing
O - Organising
C – Controlling
P - Planning
S - Staffing

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