Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Introduction
• Major factors influencing aircraft construction
– Loads
– Materials
• Aircraft structure development
p made ppossible by
y
the stressed skin construction
• Load transfer principles are important in
structural construction
• Connections are also key elements in
construction
03-01-AirbusConstruction
Principles of Aircraft Construction
03-02-SkyscraperSkeleton
Principles of Aircraft Construction
Monocoque Structure
• A thin walled tube or shell which may have
bulkheads or formers installed within.
• It can carry loads effectively, particularly when
the tubes are of small diameter.
• The stresses in the monocoque fuselage are
transmitted primarily by the strength of the skin.
• As its diameter of the fuselage increases in
monocoque structure
structure, the weight-to-strength
ratio increases.
Principles of Aircraft Construction
Materials of Construction
• Aluminum alloys
• Steel
• Titanium
• Plastics
• Glass
• Composite materials
03-02-SpruceGoose_HowardHughes
03-03-HarrierJumpJet_Materials
Principles of Aircraft Construction
Materials composition in a
Eurofighter jet
Principles of Aircraft Construction
100-metre-long carbon-nanotube composite fibres that are tougher than any natural
or synthetic organic fibre described so far.
Super-tough carbon-nanotube fibres, A.B. Dalton et.al., Nature 423, 703 (2003)
03-04-MemoryMetals
Principles of Aircraft Construction
Sandwich Structures
• A major limitation of stressed skin
g y
construction is lack of rigidity
• Sandwich structure comprises
– Two
T end
d thin
thi plates
l t
– Light and fairly rigid core placed in the middle
– Parts bonded together with adhesive
• Honeycomb cells is the most common
sandwich structure currently in use
Principles of Aircraft Construction
Sandwich panels
Fuselage
section
Principles of Aircraft Construction
Connections
• Aircraft fabrication generally involves
jjoining
g one ppart of component
p to another
• With aluminum alloy construction, riveted
joints are the major means of connection
• Other connection means are
– Welding
– Adhesion
03-06-RivetMachine
Principles of Aircraft Construction
Lap Joints
Lap jjoint
L i t iis a single
i l liline off
rivets connecting two plates
Joint Efficiency
• Joint efficiency is
measured by comparing σt (b − d ) / b b − d
η= =
actual failure load with σt b
load to be applied if there
were no rivet holes
• Joint efficiency can be
increased by having
multiple rows of rivets
• Joint efficiency can never
be 100%
03-07-SuperJumboWing.wmv