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Question 1

Trotter (1986) as cited in Nadwa Nasir (2014) introduced the theory of

teacher’s development. There are 5 stages of teacher’s development. At the third
stage is effective level. In this stage, the effective teacher is considered as an
experienced teacher who is able to understand different principles and concepts and
able to adapt and apply concepts or ideas in various classroom situation. We can
see that to become an effective teacher is not an easy job, but I believe that most of
the teachers are making effort to teach their students effectively. Teachers can
effectively develop intellectual and excellent characteristics among students through
building positive teacher-student relationship, monitoring students’ progress and
providing feedback, exposing pupils to higher order thinking skills, recognising
individual differences, and having high expectations of their students.

First of all, building a positive teacher-students relationship will help teachers

to develop students’ intellectual and excellent characteristics effectively. According to
Kirby Hall School (2017), strong relationship between the teachers and students will
lead to a higher level of academic success among the students. Likewise, Gonzalez
(2016) mentioned that students are more likely to have active participation in the
class and challenge themselves academically when they have positive relationship
with the teachers. There are many more researches that proved that good teacher-
students relationship will bring a lot of benefits to the teachers and also the students
themselves. When the students feel comfortable with the teachers, they will engage
more in their learning and also having less behavioural problem. There are many
ways to build the relationship with your students. For example, treat them sincerely,
respect them, care for them and support them with encouraging words such as “well
done!” and “Keep it up!”. It is obvious that teachers can develop students’ intellectual
and excellent characteristic effectively through building a good and strong teacher-
student relationship.

Next, monitoring the students progress and providing feedback for the
students are the effectives ways to develop students’ intellectual and excellent
characteristics. Teachers have to monitor their students’ progress in order to know
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their students; levels and also to know the problems that their students encountered.
By monitoring the students’ progress, teachers will find out the area of problem faced
by their students and come out with some feedback and solution to handle the
problem. If not, students will lose their interest on learning and feel discouraged.
When students have done something good, teachers should provide them with
positive and good feedback such as praise them and give them rewards. On the
other hand, when students have done some mistakes or could not perform well in
the class, teacher should provide them encouraging feedback such as “Good try!”
and point out their weaknesses so that students can reflect on their weaknesses and
make improvement on that. Thus, monitoring students progress and providing
feedback will develop students’ intellectual and excellent characteristics effectively.

Other than that, teachers should expose students to higher order thinking
skills. According to Watson (2019), Bloom’s Taxonomy consists of six levels to
promote higher order thinking. For instance, remembering, understanding, applying,
analysing, revising, and creating. The level of analysis, synthesis, and evaluation are
the higher order thinking skills or can be known as critical thinking. To achieve higher
order thinking, students have to be able to apply the knowledge that they have
learned in new ideas or new tasks. To develop students’ intellectual and excellent
characteristics, teachers have to implement higher order thinking component in the
classroom. For instance, instead of asking students the questions of what, where
and when, teachers can ask the questions that start with how and why to stimulate
the students’ thinking.

Besides, teacher can develop students’ intellectual and excellent

characteristics by recognising individual differences. Teachers have to acknowledge
that different students have different needs. Therefore, teachers have to expose
students with various teaching and learning strategies in order top meet the students’
needs. Teachers should understand that every student develop at different rates and
they will accommodate the different needs of their students in the classroom instead
of just left out those students who are weak and having slow development of
learning.
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Teachers will bring in different teaching and learning materials to engage different
students in the classroom. For example, teachers involve videos and pictures in their
lessons instead of just talking in the class. Furthermore, teachers also should
understand that not every student learn with the same method or strategies.
Therefore, they should try new methods or vary their teaching strategies to cater the
different students’ needs. For instance, teachers can carry out project-based
learning, role-play, drama, online learning and flipped classroom with their students.

Last but not least, teacher can develop students’ intellectual and excellent
characteristics effectively by having higher expectation to their students. Teachers
having high expectation with their students will encourage and motivate their
students to perform better in the class. Teachers should always struggle and try to
motivate their students to engage in their learning instead of just give up on their low
proficiency level students. When teachers believe that their students can perform
well, their students will have higher chances to perform very good in the class. When
teachers set high expectation to their students, they will also strive to meet those
expectations together with their students. They will help the students and provide
support to them. On the other hand, if teachers have low expectation to their
students, their students will likely to perform badly in the classroom because there is
no one to motivate them and appreciate their effort. As a result, teachers are unable
to develop the students’ intellectual and excellent characteristics effectively.

As a conclusion, there are many effective ways to develop students’

intellectual and excellent characteristics effectively by the teachers. Among the
effective ways are building strong teacher-student relationship, monitoring students
progress and providing feedback, exposing students to higher order thinking skills,
recognising individual differences and having high expectation of their students.
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References

Gonzalez, R. (2016). The impact and importance of positive student-teacher

relationships. Enpowered Learning Tranformations Centers.
https://www.eltcenters.com/eltc-blog/2016/7/13/the-impact-and-importance-of-
positive-student-teacher-relationships

Kirby Hall School. (2017). The importance of positive teacher-student relationships.

Kirby Hall. https://www.kirbyhallschool.org/the-importance-of-positive-teacher-
student-relationships/

Nadwa Nasir. (2014). Analysing and implications of teacher development stages.

Scribd. https://www.scribd.com/presentation/238812954/Analysing-and-
Implications-of-Teacher-Development-Stages

Watson, S. (2019). Higher-order thinking skills (hots) in education. ThoughtCo.

https://www.thoughtco.com/higher-order-thinking-skills-hots-education-
3111297#:~:text=Bloom's%20taxonomy%20was%20designed%20with,%2C
%20revising%2C%20and%20creating.)