DEEP BEAM

Definition

Wall like reinforced concrete flexural members of wall like beams or girders are called deep beam.

Use

Such beams are used in water tanks, bunkers and building

Assumptions

Assumption plane section before bending remains plane after bending in simple flexural theory is not
valid here. There is non liner stress distribution along the depth of the beam Error resulting from this
assumption is not significant up to the depth of the beam becomes ≥ half of the span. Deep beams
requires special considerations while design

L/D= 5 L/D= 2 L/D= 1

Behavior

Behavior of the R.C deep beam depends on the location of the load and detailing. Load transfer
mechanism of a simple supported deep beam subjected to top loading is shown in figure . In this case
compression struts develop between the load and the support resulting the arch action . in tension
part of the beam ( below the part subjected to arch action ) cracks develops

If the load is applied at bottom of the beam , it creates hanging action and arrangement is required to
transfer the load to arching zone .

Buckling

To prevent the buckling action of a deep beam depth (D) to thickness (b) ratio and effective span(Ɩ) to
thickness ( b ) ratio should be as follows

D/b ≤25 and Ɩ/ b ≤ 50

Shear

Thickness is enable to carry significant part of shear force with out contribution of the steel.

Recommendations of IS:456-2000

A beam is called deep beam when the ratio of the effective span to overall depth is less than
(1 ) 2 for simple supported beam and (2 ) 2.5 for continuous beam (Clause 29.1, pp51

LEVER ARM

Lever arm (z) = Distance between center of tension reinforcement where all total tension assumed to
act to the center of compression stress block where total compression is assumed to act.

Sl No Type of bean Lever Arm (z) Condition IS:456

1 Simple supported (i) Z=0.2(Ɩ+2D) 1≤ Ɩ/D ≤2 Clause 29.2,
(ii) Z=0.6Ɩ Ɩ/D < 1 Pp 51
2 Continuous beam (i) Z=0.2(Ɩ+1.5D) 1≤ Ɩ/D ≤2.5
Z=0.5Ɩ Ɩ/D < 1
3 (a) D overall depth of the beam
(b )Ɩ Effective span of the beam which is smaller of the followings
(I ) Center to center of the supports
(ii) 1.15 times the clear span (L)

REINFORCEMENT (Clause 29.3 , PP-51)

Positive Reinforcement

Tensile reinforcement required to resist positive bending moment in any span of the beam shall

(a ) Extent without curtailment between the supports

(b ) Be embedded beyond the face of the supports so that at the face of the support it shall have
anchorage length not less than development length (L d).for the design stress in the reinforcement.

(c )Be placed within a zone of depth equal to 0.25 D- 0.05Ɩ adjacent to the tension face of the beam
where D = overall depth and Ɩ = effective depth span of the beam.

Negative Reinforcement

Termination of reinforcement

For tensile reinforcement required to resist negative bending moment over a support of a deep beam

(I ) It shall be permissible to terminate not more than half of the reinforcement at a distance of 0.5 D
from the face of the support where D is the overall depth of the beam

(ii )Remainders of the reinforcement shall extend over the full span
Distribution

Sl Clear span to Depth ratio Zone Zone depth Reinforcement

No
1 When the ratio of the clear Zone -1 0.2 D adjacent to tension face Proporsion of
span (L) to the overall depth (D) tension steel
is in the range of 1.0 to 1.25 0.5 (L/D-0.5) X Ast
the tensile reinforcement over Zone -2 Evenly distributed over a Remainder of
a support of the deep beam zone of depth reinforcement0.5
shall be placed in two zone 0.3 D on either side of the Ast -(L/D-0.5) X Ast
comprising mid depth of the beam

2 When the ratio of the clear The tensile reinforcement Full Ast
span (L) to the overall depth (D) over a support of the deep
is < 1.0 beam shall be placed evenly
distributing over a depth
0.8D measured from tension
face
Vertical reinforcement

If forces are applied to a deep beam in such a way that hanging action is required bars or suspension
stirrups shall be provided to carry all those forces concerned .

Side Face reinforcement

Side face reinforcement should comply with requirements of minimum reinforcement of walls IS: 456
Clause 32.5 pp

Vertical direction

(a ) Minimum ratio of vertical reinforcement to gross concrete area shall be

(I ) 0.0012 for deformed bars not greater than 16 mm in diameter and with a characteristic strength of
415 N/mm2 or greater.

(ii)0.0015 for other types of bars

(iii ) 0.0012 for welded wire fabrics not larger than 16 mm diameter

(b ) Spacing – Vertical reinforcement shall be spaced not farther apart than 3times the wall thickness
nor 450 mm

Horizontal direction

(a ) Minimum ratio of horizontal reinforcement to gross concrete area shall be

(I ) 0.002 for deformed bars not greater than 16 mm in diameter and with a characteristic strength of
415 N/mm2 or greater.
(ii)0.0025 for other types of bars.

(iii ) 0.002 for welded wire fabrics not larger than 16 mm diameter.

(b ) Spacing – Vertical reinforcement shall be spaced not farther apart than 3times the wall thickness
nor 450 mm.

No.1.Design reinforced concrete deep beam simple supported over 500 mm wide piers. Height of
the beam is 3.6m and have clear span of 5.1 m. The beam carries a service superimposed load of
200kN /m . The materials used are M20 concrete and Fe 500 grade steel.

Clear span = 5.1 m, Support width at both ends = 500 mm, Overall Depth (D)=3.6m=3600 mm

Service u.d.l = 200kN /m. fck =20 N/mm 2, fy = 500 N.mm2

Let width of the beam = b=300mm

Effective depth (Ɩ)= smaller of

(i) c/c distance of the support = clear span + one support width =5.1 +0.5 =5.6 m

(ii) 1.15 x Clear span =1.15 x5.1=5.865.

Let effective length ( Ɩ) = 5.6 m

Check for beam parameters

Span / depth = Ɩ/D = 5.6/3.6 =1.556 < 2 ok

Span / width = Ɩ/b = 5.6/0.3=18.667 < 50 ok

Depth/ width = D/b = 3.6/0.3=12 < 25 ok

Load calculation

Self weight /m = 1x0.3x3.6 x25= 27 kN/m

Supper imposed load =200 kN/m

Total = 227.0 kN/m

Ultimate load ( wu )=1.5 x227.0 = 340.5 kN/

Calculation of Bending moment

Mu = wu Ɩ2/8 = 340.5 x5.62/8 =1334.76 kNm

Lever arm

Span / depth = Ɩ/D 1< 1.556 < 2 Lever arm ( z ) = 0.2( Ɩ+2xD) = 0.2( 5.6 +2x3.6 ) =2.56 m

Area of tension steel = Ast = Mu /(0.87 fy .z) = 1334.76 x10 6/( 0.87 x500x2560)= 1198.6 mm2

Percentage of reinforcement ( Pt ) =1198.6x 100/( 300x3600)=0.111% < 30 %

Therefore provide minimum percentage of the reinforcement = 0.3 %

Ast = 0.3 x( 300 x3600)/100=3240 mm2

Zone depth of placement = 0.25D -0.05xƖ= 0.25 x3600- 0.05x5600=620 mm from bottom face

Lets provide 29 nos of 12 mm diameters bars Ast=3277mm 2

Development length (Ld ) =φ x 0.87 fy/( 4x τbd x1.6) = 12x0.87 x500/(4x1.2x1.6)=680 mm

Anchorage length available from face of the support with U hook ( 180 degree bend)= 500 -30+16X12
=662 mm < 680 mm

But difference is small may be accepted.

Side face reinforcement

No.2.Design reinforced concrete deep beam continuous over 500 mm wide piers. Height of the
beam is 3.6m and have clear span of 5.1 m. The beam carries a service superimposed load of
200kN /m . The materials used are M20 concrete and Fe 500 grade steel.

Clear span = 5.1 m, Support width at both ends = 500 mm, Overall Depth (D)=3.6m=3600 mm

Service u.d.l = 200kN /m. fck =20 N/mm 2, fy = 500 N.mm2

Let width of the beam = b=300mm

Effective span (Ɩ)= smaller of

(i) c/c distance of the support = clear span + one support width =5.1 +0.5 =5.6 m

(ii) 1.15 x Clear span =1.15 x5.1=5.865.

Let effective length ( Ɩ) = 5.6 m

Check for beam parameters

Span / depth = Ɩ/D = 5.6/3.6 =1.556 < 2.5 ok

Span / width = Ɩ/b = 5.6/0.3=18.667 < 50 ok

Depth/ width = D/b = 3.6/0.3=12 < 25 ok

Load calculation

Self weight /m = 1x0.3x3.6 x25= 27 kN/m

Supper imposed load =200 kN/m

Total = 227.0 kN/m

Ultimate load ( wu )=1.5 x227.0 = 340.5 kN/m

Calculation of Bending moment

Moment at mid span Mu = wu Ɩ2/40 = 340.5 x5.62/40=266.952kNm

Mu = wu Ɩ2/10 = 340.5 x5.62/10 =1066.24 kNm

Lever arm

Span / depth = Ɩ/D 1< 1.556 < 2.5 Lever arm ( z ) = 0.2( Ɩ+1.5xD) = 0.2( 5.6 +1.5x3.6 ) =2.2m

Positive reinforcement

Area of tension steel = Ast = Mu /(0.87 fy .z) = 266.952x10 6/( 0.87 x500x2200)= 278.95 mm2

Numbers of 10 mm φ 278.95/78.5=3.5 Say 4

Zone depth of placement = 0.25D -0.05xƖ= 0.25 x3600- 0.05x5600=620 mm from bottom face

Lets provide 6nos of 10 mm diameters bars in 3 layers 2 no of bars in each layer within a depth
620mm from bottom face.

Development length (Ld ) =φ x 0.87 fy/( 4x τbd x1.6) = 10x0.87 x500/(4x1.2x1.6)=566.4 mm

Anchorage length available from face of the support with U hook ( 180 degree bend)= 500 -30+16X10 =
630mm > 566mm

Negative reinforcement

Area of tension steel = Ast = Mu /(0.87 fy .z) =1066.24 x10 6/( 0.87 x500x2200)= 1114.15 mm2

Zone –I

Depth = 0.2D=0.2x3600 =720mm

Ast 1= 0.5(L/D-0.5) Ast =0.5(5600/3600-0.5)1114.15=588.02 mm 2

Numbers of 10 mm φ =588.02/78.5=7.49 Say 8nos

Lets provide 8 nos of 10 mm diameters bars in 4 layers 2 no of bars in each layer within a depth
720mm from top face.

Zone-II

Ast2= Ast -Ast1=1114.14-588.02=526.12 mm2

Number of 10 mm φ =526.12/78.5=6.7 Let 8no

Zone depth = 0.3D either side of mid depth of the beam =0.3x3600=1080 mm

Lets provide 8 nos of 10 mm diameters bars in 4 layers 2 no of bars in each layer within a depth
1080 mm above and 1080 mm below the mid depth of the beam.

Curtailment of negative reinforcement

50% of the negative reinforcement should be curtailed at a distance = 0.5D = 0.5 x3600 = 1800 mm
from the face of the support and rest of the 50% shall run between the supports.

Side face reinforcement

( A) Vertical reinforcement

0.12 % of gross cross sectional area.= 0.12 x300x3600/100=1296mm 2

For one face = 1296/2=648 mm2

Spacing 0f 8mmφ 50 x5600/648= 432 mm

Maximum spacing 450mm or 3 xb =3x300 =900 mm which ever is less

Provide vertical side face reinforce @ 430 mm c/c in both the face of the beam full length

( B) Horizontal reinforcement

0.2 % of gross cross sectional area.= 0.2 x300x3600/100=2160 mm 2

For one face = 2160/2=1080 mm2

Spacing 0f 8mmφ 50 x3600/1080= 166.67 mm

Maximum spacing 450mm or 3 xb =3x300 =900 mm which ever is less

Provide vertical side face reinforce @ 165 mm c/c in both the face of the beam for full depth.