TERCER CORTE

ANÁLISIS NUMÉRICO

 Encontrar una aproximación al área bajo la curva de la siguiente función usando el método de
trapecios. Tomar 6 subintervalos iguales.

𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (𝑥 + 𝜋); 𝑠𝑖 − 𝜋 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋
𝑓(𝑥) {
√𝑥 − 𝜋 + 2 ; 𝑠𝑖 𝜋 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋
SOLUCIÓN

F(x) = atan(pi+x).^2

x -3.1416 -1.5708 0 1.5708 3.1416

y 0 1.0078 1.5942 1.8542 1.9965

((3.1416--3.1416)/(2*4))*(0+1.9965+(2*4.4562))

Respuesta = 8.567833

F(x) = sqrt(-pi+x)+2.0

x 3.1416 4.7124 6.2832

y 2 3.2533 3.7725
 ((6.2832-3.1416)/(2*2))*(2+3.7725+(2*3.2533))

Respuesta = 9.643969

Área total = 8.567833 + 9.643969 =18.2118

3
 La región limitada por las curvas 𝑦 = √1 + 𝑥 3 , y = 0, x = 0 y x = 2 se hace girar, en torno del
eje x. Emplee la regla de Simpson, con n = 10, y estime el volumen del solido restante.

SOLUCIÓN

F(x) = pi.*(x.^3+1.0).^(2.0./3.0)

x 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2

y 3.14159 3.15833 3.27424 3.57909 4.13858 4.98697 6.13356 7.57485 9.30328 11.3114 13.5929

((2-0)/(3*10)) * (3.1416+13.5929+(4*30.6106)+(2*22.8497))

respuesta = 12.3251

 En un día de trabajo, José anoto su velocidad cada 3 minutos. Los resultados se muestran en la
siguiente tabla. ¿Qu ́e distancia recorrió en cada anotación?

Tiempo 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Velocidad 0 31 54 53 52 35 31 28 0

SOLUCIÓN
Por Simpson 1/3

X = 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24

F(x) = 0 31 54 53 52 35 31 28 0

((24-0)/(3*8)) * (0+0+(4*147)+(2*137))

respuesta = 862

Por trapecios

X = 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24

F(x) = 0 31 54 53 52 35 31 28 0

((24-0)/(2*8))*(0+0+(2*284))

Respuesta = 852.0

 La concentración de salida de un reactor se mide en distintos momentos durante un período

de tiempo de 12 horas:

t 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
c 2.1 4 5 5.5 5 3 1.2

El caudal de salida en m3/s se puede calcular con la siguiente ecuación:

𝜋
𝑄(𝑡) = 20 + 10𝑠𝑒𝑛 [ (𝑡 − 10)]
12
Use la regla de Simpson 1/3 para determinar el promedio ponderado (c) de concentración de
salida del reactor durante el periodo de 12 horas, donde:
𝑡
∫0 𝑄(𝑡) 𝑐(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑐̅ = 𝑡
∫0 𝑄(𝑡)𝑑𝑡

SOLUCIÓN

t=[0 2 4 6 8 10 12];

c=[2.1 4 5 5.5 5 3 1.2];

Q= 20+10*sin((pi/12)*(t-10))

Q =15.0000 11.3397 10.0000 11.3397 15.0000 20.0000 25.0000

C=(c.*Q)

C = 31.5000 45.3590 50.0000 62.3686 75.0000 60.0000 30.0000

X = 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

F(x) = 31.5 45.359 50 62.3686 75 60 30

((12-0)/(3*6)) * (31.5+30+(4*167.7276)+(2*125))

respuesta =654.9403

X = 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

F(x) = 15 11.3397 10 11.3397 15 20 25

((12-0)/(3*6)) * (15+25+(4*42.6794)+(2*25))

respuesta =173.8117

654.9403/173.8117

ans = 3.7681

 Considere el problema de valor inicial y’(t) = cos(2t) + sen(3t), t ∈ [0, 1], y(0) = 1.
a) Usando el método de Euler, aproximar y(0,4) con h = 0,1.

F(x) = cos(x.*2.0)+sin(x.*3.0)

Y(1) = 1 + 1*(0.1) = 1.1

Y(2) = 1.1 + 1.2756*(0.1) = 1.2276
Y(3) = 1.2276 + 1.4857*(0.1) = 1.3761
Y(4) = 1.3761 + 1.6087*(0.1) = 1.537
Y(5) = 1.537 + 1.6287*(0.1) = 1.6999
Y(6) = 1.6999 + 1.5378*(0.1) = 1.8536
Y(7) = 1.8536 + 1.3362*(0.1) = 1.9873
Y(8) = 1.9873 + 1.0332*(0.1) = 2.0906
Y(9) = 2.0906 + 0.64626*(0.1) = 2.1552
Y(10) = 2.1552 + 0.20018*(0.1) = 2.1752

n xi Yi
0 0 1
1 0.1 1.1000
2 0.2 1.2276
3 0.3 1.3761
4 0.4 1.5370
5 0.5 1.6999
6 0.6 1.8536
 7 0.7 1.9873
8 0.8 2.0906
9 0.9 2.1552
10 1 2.1752

b) Usando el método de Runge-Kutta de orden 4, aproximar y(0,4) con h = 0,2.

F(x) = cos(x.*2.0)+sin(x.*3.0)

Para y1:

K1 = f(0) = 1

K2 = f(0+0.1) = f(0.1) = 1.2756

K3 = f(0+0.1) = f(0.1) = 1.2756

K4 = f(0+0.2) = f(0.2) = 1.4857

y1 = 1 + 1/6 * (1 + (2*1.2756) + (2*1.2756) + (1.4857)) * 0.2 = 1.2529

Para y2:

K1 = f(0.2) = 1.4857

K2 = f(0.2+0.1) = f(0.3) = 1.6087

K3 = f(0.2+0.1) = f(0.3) = 1.6087

K4 = f(0.2+0.2) = f(0.4) = 1.6287

y2 = 1.2529 + 1/6 * (1.4857 + (2*1.6087) + (2*1.6087) + (1.6287)) * 0.2 = 1.5712

Para y3:

K1 = f(0.4) = 1.6287

K2 = f(0.4+0.1) = f(0.5) = 1.5378

K3 = f(0.4+0.1) = f(0.5) = 1.5378

K4 = f(0.4+0.2) = f(0.6) = 1.3362

y3 = 1.5712 + 1/6 * (1.6287 + (2*1.5378) + (2*1.5378) + (1.3362)) * 0.2 = 1.8751

Para y4:

K1 = f(0.6) = 1.3362

K2 = f(0.6+0.1) = f(0.7) = 1.0332

K3 = f(0.6+0.1) = f(0.7) = 1.0332

K4 = f(0.6+0.2) = f(0.8) = 0.64626

y4 = 1.8751 + 1/6 * (1.3362 + (2*1.0332) + (2*1.0332) + (0.64626)) * 0.2 = 2.0789

Para y5:

K1 = f(0.8) = 0.64626

K2 = f(0.8+0.1) = f(0.9) = 0.20018

K3 = f(0.8+0.1) = f(0.9) = 0.20018

K4 = f(0.8+0.2) = f(1) = -0.27503

y5 = 2.0789 + 1/6 * (0.64626 + (2*0.20018) + (2*0.20018) + (-0.27503)) * 0.2 = 2.118

n xi yi
0 0 1
1 0.2 1.2529
2 0.4 1.5712
3 0.6 1.8751
4 0.8 2.0789
5 1 2.1180

 Considere el problema de valor inicial y’(t) = t𝑒 3𝑡 − 40y, t ∈ [1, 2], y(1) = 10.

a) Usando el método de Euler, aproximar y(0,4) con h = 0,1.

F(x,y) = y.*-4.0e1+x.*exp(x.*3.0)

Y(1) = 10 + -400*(0.1)

Y(2) = -30 + 1200.135*(0.1)

Y(3) = 90.0135 + -3600.1755*(0.1)

Y(4) = -270.0041 + 10800.9*(0.1)

Y(5) = 810.0859 + -32402.1099*(0.1)

Y(6) = -2430.125 + 97207.2424*(0.1)

Y(7) = 7290.5992 + -291620.3384*(0.1)

Y(8) = -21871.4346 + 874863.1017*(0.1)

Y(9) = 65614.8755 + -2624586.203*(0.1)

Y(10) = -196843.7448 + 7873763.1822*(0.1)

Y(11) = 590532.5735 + -23621282.8527*(0.1)

Y(12) = -1771595.7118 + 70863858.2965*(0.1)

Y(13) = 5314790.1178 + -212591560.7954*(0.1)

Y(14) = -15944365.9617 + 637774702.6916*(0.1)

Y(15) = 47833104.3075 + -1913324078.9372*(0.1)

Y(16) = -143499303.5863 + 5739972278.4766*(0.1)

Y(17) = 430497924.2614 + -17219916776.0388*(0.1)

Y(18) = -1291493753.3425 + 51659750412.5369*(0.1)

Y(19) = 3874481287.9112 + -154979251117.9164*(0.1)

Y(20) = -11623443823.8804 + 464937753523.0657*(0.1)

n xi Yi
0 0 10
1 0.1 -30
2 0.2 90.0135
3 0.3 -270.0041
4 0.4 810.0859
5 0.5 -2.4301e+003
6 0.6 7.2906e+003
7 0.7 -2.1871e+004
8 0.8 6.5615e+004
9 0.9 -1.9684e+005
10 1 5.9053e+005
11 1.1 -1.7716e+006
12 1.2 5.3148e+006
13 1.3 -1.5944e+007
14 1.4 4.7833e+007
15 1.5 -1.4350e+008
16 1.6 4.3050e+008
17 1.7 -1.2915e+009
18 1.8 3.8745e+009
19 1.9 -1.1623e+010
20 2 3.4870e+010
b) Usando el método de Runge-Kutta de orden 4, aproximar y(0,4) con h = 0,2

F(x,y) = y.*-4.0e1+x.*exp(x.*3.0)

Para y1:

K1 = f(0,10) = f(0,10) = -400

K2 = f(0+0.1,10+-400*0.1) = f(0.1,-30) = 1200.135

K3 = f(0+0.1,10+1200.135*0.1) = f(0.1,130.0135) = -5200.405

K4 = f(0+0.2,10+-5200.405*0.2) = f(0.2,-1030.081) = 41203.6041

y1 = 10 + 1/6 * (-400 + (2*1200.135) + (2*-5200.405) + (41203.6041)) * 0.2 = 1103.4355

Para y2:

K1 = f(0.2,1103.4355) = f(0.2,1103.4355) = -44137.0544

K2 = f(0.2+0.1,1103.4355+-44137.0544*0.1) = f(0.3,-3310.27) = 132411.5368

K3 = f(0.2+0.1,1103.4355+132411.5368*0.1) = f(0.3,14344.5891) = -573782.828

K4 = f(0.2+0.2,1103.4355+-573782.828*0.2) = f(0.4,-113653.1301) = 4546126.533

y2 = 1103.4355 + 1/6 * (-44137.0544 + (2*132411.5368) + (2*-573782.828) + (4546126.533)) * 0.2

= 121744.9987

Para y3:

K1 = f(0.4,121744.9987) = f(0.4,121744.9987) = -4869798.619

K2 = f(0.4+0.1,121744.9987+-4869798.619*0.1) = f(0.5,-365234.8632) = 14609396.7698

K3 = f(0.4+0.1,121744.9987+14609396.7698*0.1) = f(0.5,1582684.6757) = -63307384.7854

K4 = f(0.4+0.2,121744.9987+-63307384.7854*0.2) = f(0.6,-12539731.9584) = 501589281.9656

y3 = 121744.9987 + 1/6 * (-4869798.619 + (2*14609396.7698) + (2*-63307384.7854) +

(501589281.9656)) * 0.2 = 13432528.5759

Para y4:

K1 = f(0.6,13432528.5759) = f(0.6,13432528.5759) = -537301139.4046

K2 = f(0.6+0.1,13432528.5759+-537301139.4046*0.1) = f(0.7,-40297585.3646) =
1611903420.3003
K3 = f(0.6+0.1,13432528.5759+1611903420.3003*0.1) = f(0.7,174622870.6059) = -
6984914818.5191

K4 = f(0.6+0.2,13432528.5759+-6984914818.5191*0.2) = f(0.8,-1383550435.128) =
55342017413.9373

y4 = 13432528.5759 + 1/6 * (-537301139.4046 + (2*1611903420.3003) + (2*-6984914818.5191) +

(55342017413.9373)) * 0.2 = 1482055644.5124

Para y5:

K1 = f(0.8,1482055644.5124) = f(0.8,1482055644.5124) = -59282225771.6758

K2 = f(0.8+0.1,1482055644.5124+-59282225771.6758*0.1) = f(0.9,-4446166932.6552) =
177846677319.6006

K3 = f(0.8+0.1,1482055644.5124+177846677319.6006*0.1) = f(0.9,19266723376.4724) = -
770668935045.5053

K4 = f(0.8+0.2,1482055644.5124+-770668935045.5053*0.2) = f(1,-152651731364.5887) =
6106069254603.633

y5 = 1482055644.5124 + 1/6 * (-59282225771.6758 + (2*177846677319.6006) + (2*-

770668935045.5053) + (6106069254603.633)) * 0.2 = 163520139423.8506

Para y6:

K1 = f(1,163520139423.8506) = f(1,163520139423.8506) = -6540805576933.938

K2 = f(1+0.1,163520139423.8506+-6540805576933.938*0.1) = f(1.1,-490560418269.5432) =
19622416730811.55

K3 = f(1+0.1,163520139423.8506+19622416730811.55*0.1) = f(1.1,2125761812505.006) = -
85030472500170.41

K4 = f(1+0.2,163520139423.8506+-85030472500170.41*0.2) = f(1.2,-16842574360610.23) =
673702974424453.1

y6 = 163520139423.8506 + 1/6 * (-6540805576933.938 + (2*19622416730811.55) + (2*-

85030472500170.41) + (673702974424453.1)) * 0.2 = 18041722049717.23

Para y7:

K1 = f(1.2,18041722049717.23) = f(1.2,18041722049717.23) = -721668881988645.5

K2 = f(1.2+0.1,18041722049717.23+-721668881988645.5*0.1) = f(1.3,-54125166149147.31) =
2165006645965957
K3 = f(1.2+0.1,18041722049717.23+2165006645965957*0.1) = f(1.3,234542386646312.9) = -
9381695465852454

K4 = f(1.2+0.2,18041722049717.23+-9381695465852454*0.2) = f(1.4,-1858297371120774) =
74331894844831040

y7 = 18041722049717.23 + 1/6 * (-721668881988645.5 + (2*2165006645965957) + (2*-

9381695465852454) + (74331894844831040)) * 0.2 = 1990603332818697

Para y8:

K1 = f(1.4,1990603332818697) = f(1.4,1990603332818697) = -79624133312747792

K2 = f(1.4+0.1,1990603332818697+-79624133312747792*0.1) = f(1.5,-5971809998456083) =
238872399938243460

K3 = f(1.4+0.1,1990603332818697+238872399938243460*0.1) = f(1.5,25877843326643044) = -
1035113733065721600

K4 = f(1.4+0.2,1990603332818697+-1035113733065721600*0.2) = f(1.6,-205032143280325630) =
8201285731213025300

y8 = 1990603332818697 + 1/6 * (-79624133312747792 + (2*238872399938243460) + (2*-

1035113733065721600) + (8201285731213025300)) * 0.2 = 219629901054329410

Para y9:

K1 = f(1.6,219629901054329410) = f(1.6,219629901054329410) = -8785196042173175800

K2 = f(1.6+0.1,219629901054329410+-8785196042173175800*0.1) = f(1.7,-
658889703162988290) = 26355588126519534000

K3 = f(1.6+0.1,219629901054329410+26355588126519534000*0.1) =
f(1.7,2855188713706283000) = -114207548548251320000

K4 = f(1.6+0.2,219629901054329410+-114207548548251320000*0.2) = f(1.8,-
22621879808595935000) = 904875192343837410000

y9 = 219629901054329410 + 1/6 * (-8785196042173175800 + (2*26355588126519534000) + (2*-

114207548548251320000) + (904875192343837410000)) * 0.2 = 24232499082994352000

Para y10:

K1 = f(1.8,24232499082994352000) = f(1.8,24232499082994352000) = -969299963319774090000

K2 = f(1.8+0.1,24232499082994352000+-969299963319774090000*0.1) = f(1.9,-
72697497248983056000) = 2907899889959322000000
K3 = f(1.8+0.1,24232499082994352000+2907899889959322000000*0.1) =
f(1.9,315022488078926610000) = -12600899523157065000000

K4 = f(1.8+0.2,24232499082994352000+-12600899523157065000000*0.2) = f(2,-
2495947405548419300000) = 99837896221936771000000

y10 = 24232499082994352000 + 1/6 * (-969299963319774090000 +

(2*2907899889959322000000) + (2*-12600899523157065000000) +
(99837896221936771000000)) * 0.2 = 2673652398823710900000

n xi yi
0 0 10
1 0.2 1.1034e+003
2 0.4 1.2174e+005
3 0.6 1.3433e+007
4 0.8 1.4821e+009
5 1 1.6352e+011
6 1.2 1.8042e+013
7 1.4 1.9906e+015
8 1.6 2.1963e+017
9 1.8 2.4232e+019
10 2 2.6737e+021

𝑑𝑦
 Dada la siguiente ecuación diferencial = 4𝑒 0.8𝑥 − 0.5𝑦 con la condición inicial: y(0) = 2 ,
𝑑𝑥
40 0.8𝑥
a) Si analíticamente se encontró que 𝑦 = 𝑒 − 𝑐𝑒 −0.5𝑥 es la solución general del sistema,
13
encuentre una solución particular con las condiciones iniciales dadas.
40 0.8(0)
2= 𝑒 − 𝑐𝑒 −0.5(0)
13
14
𝑐= ≈ 1.0769
13
40 0.8𝑥
𝑦= 𝑒 − 1.0169𝑒 −0.5𝑥
13

Yr
2.0000
3.7515
6.1946
9.7070
14.8439
22.4270
33.6772
50.4118
75.3390
b) Resuelva numéricamente para x ∈ [0, 4], con tamaño de paso 0,5, aplicando los métodos
estudiados.

Por Euler

F(x,y) = y.*(-1.0./2.0)+exp(x.*(4.0./5.0)).*4.0

Y(1) = 2 + 3*(0.5)

Y(2) = 3.5 + 4.2173*(0.5)

Y(3) = 5.6086 + 6.0978*(0.5)

Y(4) = 8.6576 + 8.9517*(0.5)

Y(5) = 13.1334 + 13.2454*(0.5)

Y(6) = 19.7561 + 19.6782*(0.5)

Y(7) = 29.5952 + 29.2951*(0.5)

Y(8) = 44.2428 + 43.6572*(0.5)

n xi yi
0 0 2
1 0.5 3.5000
2 1 5.6086
3 1.5 8.6576
4 2 13.1334
5 2.5 19.7561
6 3 29.5952
7 3.5 44.2428
8 4 66.0714

b) Aproxime y(2,5).

5 2.5 19.7561

d) Grafique y compare los resultados numéricos con los analíticos.

 𝑑𝑦
 Dada la siguiente ecuación diferencial = 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛3 (𝑥) con la condición inicial: y(0) = 1,
𝑑𝑥

SOLUCIÓN

a) Resuélvala analíticamente.

𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑛3 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦
∫ = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛3 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑦

𝑑𝑦
∫ = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 (𝑡) ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑦

𝑑𝑦
∫ = ∫(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 (𝑡)) ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑦

𝑑𝑦
∫ = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 − ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑡) ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑦

𝑑𝑦
∫ = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑡) ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑦

𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 (𝑡)
ln(𝑦) = − cos(𝑡) + +𝐶
3

𝑐𝑜𝑠3 (𝑡)
− cos(𝑡)+ +𝐶
𝑦=𝑒 3
b) Resuelva numéricamente aplicando los métodos estudiados en el intervalo de t = 0 a 1, con
tamaño de paso h=0,1.

F(x,y) = y.*sin(x).^3

Y(1) = 1 + 0*(0.1)
Y(2) = 1 + 0.00099501*(0.1)
Y(3) = 1.0001 + 0.0078422*(0.1)
Y(4) = 1.0009 + 0.025831*(0.1)
Y(5) = 1.0035 + 0.059259*(0.1)
Y(6) = 1.0094 + 0.11123*(0.1)
Y(7) = 1.0205 + 0.18371*(0.1)
Y(8) = 1.0389 + 0.27776*(0.1)
Y(9) = 1.0667 + 0.39376*(0.1)
Y(10) = 1.106 + 0.53162*(0.1)

n xi Yi
0 0 1
1 0.1 1
2 0.2 1.0001
3 0.3 1.0009
4 0.4 1.0035
5 0.5 1.0094
6 0.6 1.0205
7 0.7 1.0389
8 0.8 1.0667
9 0.9 1.1060
10 1 1.1592

c) Aproxime y(0,5).

[ 5] [0.5000] [1.0094]

d) Grafique y compare los resultados numéricos con los analíticos.

yr=exp(-cos(x)+((cos(x).^3)/3)+0.666)
 Yr Yi
0.9993 1
0.9994 1
0.9997 1.0001
1.0013 1.0009
1.0054 1.0035
1.0138 1.0094
1.0285 1.0205
1.0516 1.0389
1.0855 1.0667
1.1325 1.1060
1.1952 1.1592

𝑑𝑦
 Usar el método de Euler para resolver la siguiente ecuación diferencial = 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛3 (𝑥) ,(t) en el
𝑑𝑥
intervalo [0, 1] con h = 0,1 y condición inicial y(0) = 1.

SOLUCIÓN

F(x,y) = y.*sin(x).^3

Y(1) = 1 + 0*(0.1)

Y(2) = 1 + 0.00099501*(0.1)
Y(3) = 1.0001 + 0.0078422*(0.1)

Y(4) = 1.0009 + 0.025831*(0.1)

Y(5) = 1.0035 + 0.059259*(0.1)

Y(6) = 1.0094 + 0.11123*(0.1)

Y(7) = 1.0205 + 0.18371*(0.1)

Y(8) = 1.0389 + 0.27776*(0.1)

Y(9) = 1.0667 + 0.39376*(0.1)

Y(10) = 1.106 + 0.53162*(0.1)

n xi yi
0 0 1
1 0.1 1
2 0.2 1.0001
3 0.3 1.0009
4 0.4 1.0035
5 0.5 1.0094
6 0.6 1.0205
7 0.7 1.0389
8 0.8 1.0667
9 0.9 1.1060
10 1 1.1592