6/8/2020 Fluid Flow Hydraulic and Pneumatic Engineering and Design Menu - Engineers Edge

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Engineering Fluid Flow Design Menu

Fluid Power Equipment Suppliers | Hydraulic & Pneumatics
Industry Pumps Knowledge Menu

The following is links to resources on the topic of engineering fluids design, engineering and related.
Should you find any errors omissions broken links, please let us know - Feedback.
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Piping Hardware Design Data

Fluids Applications
Aerodynamics Airfoil Theory Equations
Air Flow Drag and Drag Coefficient Equations and Calculator
Air Density Equation - Physical properties of air can be
represented by the real gas equation, which is the modified
version of ideal gas equation.
Aerodynamic Drag Equation and Calculator Aerodynamic Drag
is the opposing fluid drag force that acts on any moving solid
body
Centrifugal Pump Requirements Spreadsheet Calculator
Requires a Premium Membership to download
Compressibility factor for air Z
Continuity Equation Continuity equation is a mathematical
expression of the principle of conservation of mass.
Convergent Nozzle Flow Velocity and Area Equation and
Calculator
Convergent-Divergent Nozzle Flow Velocity and Area Equation
and Calculator
https://www.engineersedge.com/fluid_flow/fluid_flow_table_content.htm
API Integral-Joint tubing Recommended Torque Table API IJ
integral-joint tubing is available in OD sizes of 1.315 to 2.063 in.
API NUE Tubing Recommended Torque Table Recommended
Torque Table for API NUE Tubing.
API Tubing Engineering Table Chart API Tubing Engineering
Table Chart
API Tubing Grade & Specifications The following guidelines
apply to the use of API tubing grades.
API Casing 4.500 - 5.000 Dia. Engineering Data Table
Specification 5C3 of the American Petroleum Institute
standardizes 14 casing sizes from 4.5 inches (11.43 cm) to 20
inches (50.80 cm) outside diameter
API Casing 5.000 - 5.500 Dia. Engineering Data Table API Casing
Data Tables sizes 5.00 - 5.50.
API Casing 5.500 - 6.625 Dia. Engineering Data Table API Casing
Data Tables sizes 5.50 - 6.625.
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6/8/2020 Fluid Flow Hydraulic and Pneumatic Engineering and Design Menu - Engineers Edge
Control Valve Sizing Liquid, Mass Flow Spreadsheet Calculator
Control Valve Sizing Steam or Vapor Flow Spreadsheet
Calculator
Control Valve Sizing Gas Flow Spreadsheet Calculator
Control Valve 90 Deg Flow to Relative Travel Table Spreadsheet
Calculator
Engineering Applications Of Fluid Mechanics
Requires an active Premium Membership with Engineers Edge
Fluid Mechanics and Machinery The flow of ideal non-viscous
fluids was extensively studied and mathematical theories were
developed during the last century.
IEC Aerodynamic Noise in Control Valves Mass Spreadsheet
Calculator
IEC Aerodynamic Noise Volumetric in Control Valves Mass
Spreadsheet Calculator
IEC Hydrodynamic Noise Mass in Control Valves Mass
Spreadsheet Calculator
Irrotional Flow of Frictionless Fluids, Mostly of Invariable
Density Premium Membership Required to view
Document/Book
Liquid Pressure Drop in Pipe and Pipe Fittings Spreadsheet
Calculator
Properties of Fluids A fluid is any substance which flows
because its particles are not rigidly attached to one another.
Buoyancy Buoyancy is an upward force exerted by a fluid that
opposes the weight of an immersed object.
Compressibility Compressibility is the measure of the change in
volume a substance undergoes when a pressure is exerted on
the substance.
Control Valve P1 and P2 vs Flow Spreadsheet Calculator
Fluids Discharge Measurement Structures and Systems, Basic
Principles of Fluid Flow as Applied to Measuring Systems
Flow of Air in Pipes Equation and Calculator
Flow of Compressed Air in Pipes Equation and Calculator
Flow of Water in Pipes Equations and Calculator
Fluids and Hydraulics Engineering and Design Handbook
Premium Membership Required
Relationship Between Depth and Pressure Relationship Between
Depth and Pressure Review and Equations
Head Loss at Pipe Entrance Equations and Calculator using the
head loss coefficient and head loss of a fluid at a smooth
bellmouth pipe entrance.
Head Loss at Pipe Abrupt Exit Equations and Calculator of a
fluid.
Head loss and head loss coefficient equation and calculator of a
fluid in across a screen (circular metal wire mesh) inside a pipe.
Horsepower Required to Compress Air, Single-Stage
Compression
Horsepower Required to Compress Air, Two-Stage
Compression
Horsepower Required to Compress Air, Three-stage
Compression
Hydraulic Ram Pump for Pumping Water, Operation and Design
Premium Membership Required
Pressure Drop and Flow Rate Calculations based on the Karman
Method Excel Calculator Spreadsheet
Velocity of Water Due To Head in Feet Table
General Ventilation Rates Table Listed below are general
ventilation rates for some common applications. Where more
than one method is shown use the method that results in the
higher airflow rate.
https://www.engineersedge.com/fluid_flow/fluid_flow_table_content.htm
API Casing 6.625 - 7.000 Dia. Engineering Data Table API Casing
Data Tables sizes 6.625 - 7.000 Dia.
API Casing 7.000 - 7.625 Dia. Engineering Data Table API Casing
7.000 - 7.625 Dia. Table
API Casing 7.625 Dia. Engineering Data Table API Casing 7.625
Dia. Table
API Casing 7.625 - 8.625 Dia. Engineering Data Table API Casing
7.625 - 8.625 Dia. Table
API Casing 9.625 - 10.750 Dia. Engineering Data Table PI Casing
9.625 - 10.750 Dia. Table
API Casing 10.750 Dia. Engineering Data Table API Casing
10.750 Dia. Table
API Casing 10.750 - 11.750 Dia. Engineering Data Table PI
Casing 10.750 - 11.750 Dia. Table
API Casing 11.750 - 13.375 Dia. Engineering Data Table API
Casing 11.750 - 13.375 Dia. Table
API Casing 13.500 - 18.375 Dia. Engineering Data Table API
Casing 13.500 - 18.375 Dia. Table
Air Pressure Loss per Foot in Steel Pipe Table Estimated
pressure drop at the given CFM of free air flow for steel pipe.
Barlow's Formula, Calculator and MAOP Design Factors
Barlow's formula is used to verify that pipe used for gathering,
transmission, and distribution lines can safely withstand
operating pressures.
Chézy and Manning's Equation Manning's equation, which is
based on Chezy's equation, is method to calculate the free
surface flow within a channel.
Copper Tubing Size Chart ASTM B88 Dimensions and Physical
Characteristics of Copper Tube: TYPE K
Copper Tubing HVAC Size Chart Copper Tubing HVAC Size
Chart- Size and Physical Characteristics
Copper Tube Size Chart Medical Gas, K and L Physical
Characteristics Chart of Copper Tube: Medical Gas, K and L per.
ASTM B 819.
Design for Pipe and Tube Forming Premium Membership
Required
Design for Stainless Steel Pipe and Tube Welding
Discharge of Air Through An Orifice Discharge of Air Through
An Orifice Equation
Hazen-Williams Water Pressure Drop Flow Rates Calculator
Equation Hazen-Williams Water Pressure Drop Flow Rates
Equations and Calculator
Hazen-Williams Coefficients Table Typical C factors used in the
Hazen Williams equation
Internal Dryseal Pipe Thread Tap Drill Sizes Recommendations
Dryseal pipe threads are designated by specifying in sequence
nominal size, thread series symbol, and class:
Kinematics Viscosity Equation Application kinematics viscosity is
the ratio of the viscosity to the density.
Kinematics Viscosity Table Chart Average Kinematics Viscosity
for selected liquid fluids.
Torque Table for API UEU Tubing Recommended Torque for
UEU Tubing
Flow Losses for Valves and Fittings in Equivalent Feet if Pipe.
Pipe Thermal Expansion U Shape Loop Equations and Calculator
for Pipe Thermal expansion will occur between all fixed points in
a piping system. If the system has the same covering height,
natural fixed points will occur in the center of a line section
between two expansion elbows.
Fluid Flow Open Channel Calculator Chezy and Manning's
equation to determine the wetted perimeter, hydraulic radius,
flow area, Chezy coefficient and flow velocity
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6/8/2020 Fluid Flow Hydraulic and Pneumatic Engineering and Design Menu - Engineers Edge
Head coefficient and head loss across angled louvers inside a
pipe equation and calculator.
Horsepower Required to Compress Air Adiabatically and
Isothermally
Pascal's Law Pascal's law or the principle of transmission of
fluid-pressure
Pump Power Requirements Spreadsheet Calculator
Requires a Premium Membership to download
Pump Motor Size Calculator Spreadsheet, Requires an active
Premium Membership
Pressure Losses for Fluid Flow in 90° Pipe Bends
Control Volume Control volume is a mathematical abstraction
employed in the process of creating mathematical models of
physical processes.
Volumetric Flow Rate volumetric flow rate (V ) of a system is a
measure of the volume of fluid passing a point in the system
per unit time.
Velocity of Escaping Compressed Air Equation and Calculator
Mass Flow Rate Mass flow rate of a system is a measure of the
mass of fluid passing a point in the system per unit time
Conservation of Mass Mass flow rates into a control volume are
equal to all mass flow rates out of the control volume plus the
rate of change of mass within the control volume.
Siphon Flow and Discharge Rates Tables and Charts
Siphon Flow Rate from Small Pipes Equation and Calculator
Steady-State Flow Steady-state flow refers to the condition
where the fluid properties at any single point in the system do
not change over time.
Surface Tension of Water, Salt and Fresh Equations and Review
Continuity Equation Continuity equation is a mathematical
expression of the principle of conservation of mass.
Venturi Flow Equation and Calculator
Gas Compressibility Factor Spreadsheet Calculator
Flow Induced Vibration of Thermowells ISA
Thermowell Vibration Fluids Engineering Systems Excel
Calculator Spreadsheet These calculations are performed
according to the paper "Power Test Code Thermometer Wells"
by J. W. Murdock
Thermo-Kinetics Thermowell Calculation Program Excel
Calculator Spreadsheet
Water Vapor Density atmosphere Equation - Water vapor in the
atmosphere obeys the ideal gas law,
Vapor Pressure Spreadsheet Calculator
Viscous Torque and Power on Rotating Shafts Equations and
Calculator
Wet Bulb Temperature Equation
Wind Force Scales: Beaufort Wind Scale, Saffir-Simpson Wind
Scale, Fujita Wind Scale
Bernoulli's Equation
General Energy Equation Conservation of energy principle
states that energy can be neither created nor destroyed.
Simplified Bernoulli Equation Steady flow system in which no
work is done on or by the fluid, no heat is transferred to or from
the fluid, and no change occurs in the internal energy
Head The term head is used by engineers in reference to
pressure.
Energy Conversions in Fluid Systems Energy Conversions in
Fluid Systems Bernoulli's Equation
Restrictions on the Simplified Bernoulli Equation Restrictions on
the Simplified Bernoulli Fluid
https://www.engineersedge.com/fluid_flow/fluid_flow_table_content.htm
Pipe Diameter Based on & Friction Factor Calculator Calculator
will determine pipe diameter required based on Head Loss, hL,
Frictional Pressure Drop, DPf, for given flow rate, Q, pipe
diameter, D, pipe length, L, pipe roughness, e, and fluid
properties, r & m.
Pipe Flow Rate Based on & Friction Factor Calculator Calculator
will determine pipe diameter required based on Head Loss, hL,
Frictional Pressure Drop, DPf, for given flow rate, Q, pipe
diameter, D, pipe length, L, pipe roughness, e, and fluid
properties, r & m.
Pipe Friction Head Loss, Friction Pressure, and Frictional
Pressure Equations and Calculator Pipe Friction Head Loss,
Friction Pressure, and Frictional Pressure Equations and
Calculator
Manning's Roughness Coefficient Gauckley Chezy Manning
coefficient, often denoted as n , is an empirically derived
coefficient
Nozzle, Water Flow Table Units in Cubic Feet per Second
Pipe Friction Calculations Within Pipe For Fluid Flow Pipe
Friction drives the pipe size requirements within a fluid flow
system and is dependant on the piping system design
requirements.
Pipe Thread Installation Torque Table Chart Brass and steel Pipe
thread (NPT) installation procedure and torque specification
table
Hazen-Williams Method for Pipe Friction and Pressure Drop
Hazen-Williams formula:
Estimated Pressure Drop for Thermoplastic Lined Fittings and
Valves Estimated Pressure Drop for Thermoplastic Lined Fittings
and Valves.
Pipe Roughness Coefficients Roughness Coefficients of Specific
roughness, Hazen-Williams Coefficient and Manning Factor.
Schedule 40 Steel Pipe Sizes & Dimensions ANSI American
National Standard Schedule 40 Welded and Seamless Steel
Pipe.
Schedule 80 Steel Pipe Sizes & Dimensions ANSI American
National Standard Schedule 80 Welded and Seamless Steel
Pipe.
Schedule 40 Plastic PVC, CPVC Pipe Sizes & Dimensions PVC,
CPVC and other Schedule 40 Plastic Pipe.
Schedule 80 Plastic PVC, CPVC Pipe Sizes & Dimensions
American National Standard Schedule 80 Welded and Seamless
Steel Pipe.
Stainless Steel Pipe per. ASTM A312 and ANSI B36.19
Metric Pipe Sizes Dn "Diametre Nominel" per ISO vs NPS
"Nominal Pipe Size" Equivalent for DN 6 to DN 2200, NPS
Schedule 5 to 30
Metric Pipe Sizes Dn "Diametre Nominel" per ISO vs NPS
"Nominal Pipe Size" Equivalent for DN 6 to DN 2200, NPS
Schedule 40S to XS / XH
Metric Pipe Sizes Dn "Diametre Nominel" per ISO vs NPS
"Nominal Pipe Size" Equivalent for DN 6 to DN 2200, NPS
Schedule 80 to XXS / XXH
Steel Pipe Pressure Ratings
Tube Bending Manufacturing Guide Premium membership
required
Plastic PVC, CPVC Pipe Applications Material characteristics for
plastic PVC, CPVC
Loss of Air Pressure Due To Pipe Friction Table 1 Loss of Air
Pressure Due To Pipe Friction Table
Loss of Air Pressure Due To Pipe Friction Table 2 Loss of Air
Pressure Due To Pipe Friction Table
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6/8/2020 Fluid Flow Hydraulic and Pneumatic Engineering and Design Menu - Engineers Edge
Extended Bernoulli Bernoulli equation can be modified to take
into account gains and losses of head.
Application of Bernoulli's Equation to a Venturi A venturi, may
be analyzed using Bernoulli's equation and the continuity
equation.
Two-Phase Fluid Flow
Two-Phase Fluid Flow Two-phase flow occurs in a system
containing gas and liquid with a meniscus separating the two
phases
Flow Instability Unstable flow can occur in the form of flow
oscillations or flow reversals.
Pipe Whip If a pipe were to rupture, the reaction force created
by the high velocity fluid jet could cause the piping to displace
and cause extensive damage
Water Hammer Water hammer is a liquid shock wave resulting
from the sudden starting or stopping of flow.
Pressure spike Pressure spike is the resulting rapid rise in
pressure above static pressure caused by water hammer.
Steam Hammer Steam hammer is a power hammer driven by
steam.
Operational Considerations Practical Application Water and
steam hammer are not uncommon occurrences in industrial
plants.
Centrifugal Pumps
Energy Conversion in a Centrifugal Pump Energy Conservation
in a Centrifugal Pump
Operating Characteristics of a Centrifugal Pump Centrifugal
pump produces a relatively low pressure increase in the fluid.
Cavitation Cavitation occurs when vapor bubbles are swept
along the pump impeller with the fluid.
Net Positive Suction Head Centrifugal pumps generally obey
what are known as the pump laws.
System Head Characteristic Curve Head Loss Piping System
Review | Head Loss Curve
System Operating Point The point at which a pump operates in
a given piping system depends on the flow rate and head loss of
that system.
System Use of Multiple Centrifugal Pumps System Use of
Multiple Centrifugal Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps in Parallel If the inlet and the outlet of each
pump are at identical points in the system, each pump must
produce the same pump head.
Centrifugal Pumps in Series Centrifugal pumps are used in
series to overcome a larger system head loss than one pump
can compensate for individually.
Fluids and Flow Calculators
Partially Full Pipe Flow Calculator Determines the Flow within a
partially full pipe using the Manning equation.
Hydrostatic Pressure vs Depth Liquid Table Chart Hydrostatic
Pressure vs Depth Water Table Chart and Equation
Manometer Application Equation for Pressure Manometer is an
instrument for measuring gas or vapor pressure- especially at
low levels.
Manometer Pressure Calculator U-Tube Manometer Measuring
Pressure Calculator
Pumps, Components, and Technology
https://www.engineersedge.com/fluid_flow/fluid_flow_table_content.htm
Loss of Pressure Through Screw Pipe Fittings Loss of Pressure
Through Screw Pipe Fitting. Each pipeline fitting within the
system
Straight Pipe Threads Table Chart ANSI NPSL ANSI/ASME
B1.20.1, American Pipe Threads Standard
Velocity and Flow Capacity of Oil Standard Tubes Velocity and
Flow Capacity of Oil Standard Tubes
Velocity and Flow Capacity of Oil Schedule 40 Pipe Velocity and
Flow Capacity of Oil Schedule 40 Pipe
Velocity and Flow Capacity of Oil Schedule 80 Pipe Velocity and
Flow Capacity of Oil Schedule 80 Pipe
Velocity and Flow Capacity of Oil Schedule 160 Pipe Velocity
and Flow Capacity of Oil Schedule 160 Pipe
Pressure Vessel and Piping Weld Joint Reduction Factor - Weld
Joint Corrosion Reduction Factor
Head Loss
Head Loss Head loss is the reduction in the total head or
pressure of the fluid as it moves through a fluid system.
Friction Factor Friction factor has been determined to depend
on the Reynolds number for the flow and the degree of
roughness of the pipes
Darcy's Equation Darcy's Equation Fluids Flow Equation - also
called Darcy Weisbach equation.
Minor Losses Pressure losses that occur in pipelines due to
bends, elbows, joints, valves, etc. are sometimes called minor
losses.
Equivalent Piping Length Equivalent Piping Length Head Loss
Equation Fluids
Natural Circulation
Forced and Natural Circulation Forced and Natural Fluid
Circulation
Thermal Driving Head Thermal driving head is the force that
causes natural circulation to take place.
Conditions Required for Natural Circulation Natural circulation
of fluids will only occur if the correct conditions exist.
Example of Natural Circulation Cooling Natural circulation is
frequently the primary means of cooling for pool-type reactors
Flow Rate and Temperature Difference Fluid Flow Rate and
Temperature Difference Review
Fluids Engineering Data
Fluid Characteristics Chart Table | Fluids Data, Fluids Density |
Vapor Pressure | Kinematic Viscosity
Fluid Characteristics Chart Table #2 | Fluids Data, Fluids Density
Fluid Mechanics, Course in Theoretical Physics 551 Pages
Membership (Minimum Free) Required to view Document/Book
Thermal Conductivity of Liquids
Vacuum Systems and Design
Converting scfm to acfm Equations and Calculator Flow Rate
Measurement scfm (Standard Cubic Feet per Minute) and acfm
(Actual Cubic Feet per Minute) Calculator
Equivalence Table for Pressure/Vacuum Measurements
(pressure reduction of 2 torr corresponds to 0.232% vacuum)
Fundamentals of Vacuum Technology Dr. Walter Umrath, 200
Pages
Knudsen Number (Kn) Equation and Calculator
High Vacuum Technology fundamental properties of gases and
vapors and their flow behavior
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6/8/2020 Fluid Flow Hydraulic and Pneumatic Engineering and Design Menu - Engineers Edge

Air Gas Compressor Air compressor is a machine that
pressurizes or compresses air.
Common Pump Problems & Possible Simple Solution Common
Pump Problems & Possible Simple Solution
Control Valves Operation and Application
Horsepower Required to Compress Air Horsepower Required to
Compress Air Table Chart
Linear Actuator Review Linear actuator is a mechanism or
assembly that creates motion and force along a straight line
utilizing an externally applied energy source
Pipeline Pigs, Pigging Review Known as "pigs" to perform
various maintenance operations on a pipeline.
Oil mist Eliminators Review Oil Mist Eliminators trap or filter out
oil mist created by machines before the mist is expelled into the
ambient environment.
Pipe Friction Calculations Within Pipe For Fluid Flow Pipe
Friction drives the pipe size requirements within a fluid flow
system and is dependant on the piping system design
requirements
Series and Parallel Pump Spreadsheet Calculator
Requires a Premium Membership to download
Pressure Drop High Vacuum System Pipes per. Outlet Branch
Pressure Loss Data for Sizing Vacuum Pipe, Low Pressure
Vacuum System
Time for Pump to Reach Rated Vacuum The time a given pump
will take to reach its rated vacuum pressure depends on the
volume of the system in cubic feet (cubic meters) and the
capacity of the pump in scfm (sL/s) at the vacuum-rated
pressure.
Vacuum Pressure Units Conversion From Torr to Various Units
Calculator
Vacuum Mean Gas Velocity Equations and Calculator
Vacuum Technology and Space Simulation, NASA, 315 Pages
Vacuum Engineering Calculations and Applications

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Airfoil AeroDynamics Characteristics Calculator Mach Number,

Reynolds Number, Dynamics Pressure, Viscosity
Flow Regimes Two flow regimes are laminar flow and turbulent
flow
Laminar Flow Laminar flow (or streamline flow) occurs when a
fluid flows in parallel layers, with no disruption between the
layers.
Turbulent Flow Turbulent Flow Poseuille Law Equation
Flow Velocity Profiles Not all fluid particles travel at the same
velocity within a pipe.
Average (Bulk) Velocity Ia single average velocity to represent
the velocity of all fluid at that point in the pipe.
Viscosity Viscosity is a fluid property that measures the
resistance of the fluid to deforming due to a shear force.
Ideal Fluid ideal fluid is one that is incompressible and has no
viscosity.
Reynolds Number Reynolds number, based on studies of
Osborn Reynolds, is dimensionless number of the physical
characteristics of the flow.

https://www.engineersedge.com/fluid_flow/fluid_flow_table_content.htm 5/7
6/8/2020 Fluid Flow Hydraulic and Pneumatic Engineering and Design Menu - Engineers Edge

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