Report: 6G Wireless Technology

(MS-EE)

Submitted by: Muhammad Raza Rafiq F2017199020

Majid Arshad F2017199046

Submission Date: 25 - 1 - 2020

Submitted to: Dr. Faran Awais Butt

Department of Electrical Engineering

University of Management and Technology, Lahore

1 Table of Contents

ABSTRACT...............................................................................................................................................4
1 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................5
2 Key derivers:....................................................................................................................................7
2.1 5G Limitations.............................................................................................................................7
2.2 6G Needs a New Paradigm..........................................................................................................7
2.3 THz COMMUNICATIONS..............................................................................................................8
2.4 Mobile Network Evolution..........................................................................................................8
2.5 Core Requirements and 6G Scenarios........................................................................................9
3 6G System Architectures and Technologies.........................................................................10
3.1 Holographic Radio and Photodiode-Coupled Antenna Arrays.................................................10
3.2 Multipurpose Converged, Full-Spectral, and All Photonic RANs..............................................11
3.3 Hyperspectral Space–Terrestrial Integration Network............................................................11
4 Potential applications..................................................................................................................11
4.1 Ultra-broadband wireless communications:............................................................................11
4.2 Secure wireless communications:.............................................................................................11
4.3 SUPER IoT..................................................................................................................................12
4.4 Satellite-assisted IoT communications.....................................................................................12
5 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................12
6 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................14
List of Figures

Figure 1 Typical use cases in 6G visions which include three aspects: mobile ultra-broadband, super IoT,
and AL. [1]...................................................................................................................................................6
Figure 2 the hyper-S curve of the mobile-communication technology revolution and paradigm shift.......8
Figure 3 the possible evolution paths of mt types, fundamental technologies, and system architectures
of 6g. B5g: beyond 5g.[2].............................................................................................................................9
Figure 4 comparisons of key requirements for 5g and 6g[2].....................................................................10
 ABSTRACT

As recent year’s wireless and mobile technology taking into consideration, a ten-year

horizon the world is turning its interest beyond LTE and 5G technology. In this report we

are discussing 6G (sixth generation) technology vision, requirement, architecture and

potential technologies. By taking current and emerging development in wireless and

mobile communication into consideration, 6G include major three aspects mobile ultra-

broadband, super internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI). 6G technology

will give great development in industrial side as well. Specially, terahertz (THz)

communication can be used for mobile support ultra-broadband, satellite

communications and symbiotic radio can be used to achieve super internet of things

(IoT) and machine learning for AI.

Keywords: Sixth generation, long term evaluation, internet of things, artificial of things,
ultra-broadband
1 INTRODUCTION

To handle large traffic, in recent years, the engineers and researchers from both
industry and academia are developing innovative technologies. They are creating
new international telecommunication standards for the 5G(Fifth generation)
mobile communication. Fifth generation (5G) has three typical usage
 Ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC).
 enhanced mobile broadband(eMBB),
 massive machine-type communications (mMTC),
In first 5G standard mainly focuses on the eMBB scenario, in which key feature is
data-rate. But, the needs for mMTC and URLLC are more challenging.
With the evolution of time of ten-years this concept come to reality , As we have
to start thinking about new technology for industries and satellite communication
to make them reliable and fast. So this is time now to start thinking about what
the sixth-generation (6G) mobile communications will be on the eve of the 5G
deployment [1].

Intelligent driving and industry revolutions create core requirements for 6G, it will
lead to services
 ubiquitous mobile ultra-broadband (uMUB),
 ultrahigh speed-with-low-latency communications (uHSLLC)
 Ultrahigh data density (uHDD).

Emerging uMUB, uHSLLC, and uHDD services require an end-to-end

communication. Sensing, and computing, and they inspire the convergence of
photonics and artificial intelligence (AI).From 5G challenges and performance
limits,6G use two technologies: computational holographic radio and photonics-
based cognitive radio.[2]

As beyond 5G networks (B5G) are called 6G. In the next decade, 2020-2030, will
be devoted for the development of future 6G networks. It will be the first discuss
the important characteristics of future 6G. It will done in technical perspective as
done in previous generations, but also considering social and economic
standpoints..[3]
As discuss above 6G characteristics need special technical perspective it will not
do manual network optimizations as there are no longer suitable to the future
wireless network. As a result, 6G is expected to provide proper solutions
 to overcome these shortages. In particular, 6G is defined to include three major
features,
 mobile ultra-broadband,
 super Internet-of-Things (IoT),
 artificial intelligence(AI)

As shown in figure. 1.

Figure 1 Typical use cases in 6G visions which include three aspects: mobile ultra-broadband, super IoT, and AL.
[1]
2 Key derivers:

2.1 5G Limitations

Although the 5G cellular system supports ultrareliable, low-latency

communications (URLLC), this is the drawback of short packet, sensing-based
URLLC functions that limit the delivery of high-reliability, low-latency services
with high data rates, such as augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and
virtual reality (VR). Emerging Internet of Everything applications will require a
convergence of communication, sensing, control, and computing functionalities,
which has been largely overlooked in 5G. The demands of low latency with high
data rates, communication and sensing convergence, and open interfaces
require the novel network architecture of 6G

2.2 6G Needs a New Paradigm

Dense networks with smaller cell sizes and more antennas, such as massive
multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO), produce a commensurate increase in
inter-cell and intra-cell interference. Although the employment of massive MIMO
in 5G enables the cancelation of interference using simple linear operations, the
beamforming design typically strikes a tradeoff between liminating the inter-cell
interference and maximizing the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio. The next
generation of 6G systems will have higher carrier frequencies for smaller
antennas and broadened bandwidth for increased resolution. A significant
challenge for future radio systems will be to instantaneously analyze and process
RF signals over an extremely broad bandwidth of 100 GHz or more in real time
and without any prior knowledge of the signals, carrier frequency, and modulation
format.
Figure 1 shows the hyper-S curve of the mobile communication technology
revolution and paradigm shift. Interference cancelation, software-defined
systems, reduced feedback, and open-loop control have formed the paradigm of
system designs, including 5G[2].
 Figure 2 the hyper-S curve of the mobile-communication technology revolution and
paradigm shift

2.3 THz COMMUNICATIONS

With the explosive increase of high data rate demands, 5G is suggested to make
use of the mmWave band, which is able to provide new bandwidths in the order
of several gigahertz Nevertheless, the mmWave band is still far from meeting the
bandwidth requirements in 6G. To further increase the bandwidth and boost the
data rate, 6G is envisioned to utilize THz band, in which the available bandwidth
is theoretically three orders of magnitude higher than that in the mmWave band
with the technological advances, THz communication is envisioned to become
reality in the next few years and will become mature in 6G era

2.4 Mobile Network Evolution

Every successful evolution of mobile network capability has been redefined in

terms of fundamental technology, system architecture, and mobile terminal (MT)
types. For example, dumb MTs, digital radio technology, and circuit-switching
networks in 2G were redefined as smartphones, software radio technology, and
IP CloudRAN in 4G. If 6G is to succeed, it must be redefined in the same way.
 The 6G MT type will no longer be the smartphone, the fundamental technology
will no longer be software-defined radio, and the network architecture will be an
upgrade of CloudRAN. Figure 3 shows the possible evolution paths. Generally
speaking, MT types correspond to killer applications, such as dumb handsets for
2G voice service and smartphones for 4G/5G Internet access. Smart driving and
smart industry will be the singular 6G services, corresponding to smart vehicles
and
smart mobile robots

Figure 3 the possible evolution paths of mt types, fundamental technologies, and system architectures
of 6g. B5g: beyond 5g.[2]

2.5 Core Requirements and 6G Scenarios

Figure 5 compares the 5G and 6G core requirements and case scenarios.

Enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), URLLCs, and massive machine-type
communication (mMTC) in 5G and 6G will provide service classes of uMUB,
uHSLLC, and uHDD. In addition, uMUB enables 6G systems to deliver any required
performance within the space-aerial-terrestrial-sea area, uHSLLC provides ultrahigh
rates and low latency, and uHDD meets the data density and high-reliability
requirements. Emerging uMUB, uHSLLC, and uHDD services will require an end-to-
end codesign of communication, control, and computing functionalities, which are
largely lacking in 5G.
 Figure 4 comparisons of key requirements for 5g and 6g[2]

3 6G System Architectures and Technologies

According to the key drivers and core requirements described in the previous
sections, we proposed several candidates for key 6G technologies and system
architectures, namely, all-photonic RAN architecture, photonics-based cognitive
radio, computational holographic radio technology, and a laser–mm-wave
converged, 100-Gb/s hyperspectral space and terrestrial integrated network.
3.1 Holographic Radio and Photodiode-Coupled Antenna Arrays

Standard methods aim at minimizing, eliminating, and avoiding it. Contrary to the
traditional view that unwanted signals are a harmful phenomenon, 6G regards
interference as a useful resource for developing energy-efficient and highly precise
holographic communication systems. The technology with the most potential and
highest level of interference exploitation is entire-space RF holography, or
computational holographic radio. Holographic radio achieves precise control of the
entire space and the full closed loop of the electromagnetic field through spatial-
spectral holography and spatial wave field synthesis, greatly improving spectrum
efficiency and network capacity and even realizing the integration of imaging and
wireless communication as well as uHDD 6G services.
3.2 Multipurpose Converged, Full-Spectral, and All Photonic RANs

The 6G uMUB, uHDD, and uHSLLC case scenarios require ultrabroadband and
ultralow latency simultaneously, which 5G cannot satisfy. Complex CU–DU splits
and massive electronic signal processing For RF wireless systems, radar and RF
wireless
communications are typical applications. For optical wireless systems, lidar and
coherent free-space optical (FSO) communication are practical functions.

3.3 Hyperspectral Space–Terrestrial Integration Network

The 6G hyperspectral aerial–space–terrestrial integrated network includes the

space based optical backbone system consisting of satellite relay nodes (SRNs)
and satellite access nodes (SANs), the space access network composed of SANs
and user satellites, the aerial access network with airplane hotpots, and the
terrestrial access network composed of nomadic access nodes and gateways
(GWs).

4 Potential applications

4.1 Ultra-broadband wireless communications:

THz band can meet ultra-high data-rate requirements. Typical scenarios include
ultra-high data-rate small cells, wireless personal area networks. Meanwhile, THz
band is an attractive spectrum resource to meet the front haul/backhaul capacity
requirements of access points instead of a wired solution, especially when the
wired solution is infeasible or its deployment cost is unacceptably high

4.2 Secure wireless communications:

 The security in wireless communications usually refers to the capability of
protections from wiretap and jamming. On the one hand, considering that the beam
of a THz signal is narrow, the transmitter beam should perfectly point to the receiver
antenna to successfully deliver the information.

4.3 SUPER IoT

In particular, symbiotic radio can support a larger number of connected IoT devices
riding on the cellular communications, and satellite-assisted IoT communications
can provide an extended coverage for IoT devices.

4.4 Satellite-assisted IoT communications

The upcoming 5G will use the UAV communication technology to provide a wide
coverage for IoT scenarios together with the terrestrial communication technologies
like eMTC, NBIoT, Sigfox, and RoLa. Besides, many commercial companies are
engaged in developing dedicated satellites for future IoT in these years,

5 CONCLUSION

6G is poised to take major technical steps forward; perhaps bigger ones than any
previous wireless generation has attempted. An example of such can be found in
the radio technology itself, with its leap to Terahertz frequencies. The related
challenges
regarding materials, electrical components and production processes cannot
overestimated. Another major issue in the physical domain is energy consumption.
The vision of data speeds and volumes increasing again by several magnitudes of
order calls for breakthrough innovations in signal processing technologies. With the
present level of consumed energy per processed bit, it is impossible to build the
envisioned system. Finally, 6G networks will possess extremely high levels of
complexity. Thus, in addition to transporting huge amounts of data, they will
internally create plenty of configuration and status-related information. The volume
of this data will be such that advanced big data management and data analytics will
be required to maintain the networks and to keep them running efficiently and
reliably.
As stated, overcoming these and other 6G challenges calls for wide international
cooperation in the fields of academics and industries. The case study above also
indicated that Finland is among those countries with an advantageous starting
position for 6G. This whole research work will be presented in the Detailed Report.
6 REFERENCES

[1] Lin Zhang1, Ying-Chang Liang1, Dusit Niyato “6G Visions: Mobile UltraBroadband,
Super Internetof-Things, and Artifcial Intelligence”
[2] Baiqing zong, chen Fan, Xiyu Wang, Xiangyang Duan, Baojie Wang, and Jianwei
Wang “6G TECHNOLOGIES, Key Drivers, Core Requirements, System
Architectures, and Enabling Technologies,” IEEE vehicular technology magazine
2019.
[3] Marcos Katz, Pekka Pirinen, and Harri Posti, " Towards 6G: Getting Ready for the
Next Decade," Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland