Q2 The actions that produce the most critical loading effects to beam D are :

Lane 1
- SV100 vehicle is at mid span of the bridge at lane 1.
- TS loading of 300KN at 5 meter behind SV100 on lane 1
- Uniform Lane load of 9 x 0.61= 5.5KN/m2 on lane 1
- 20mm thick of surfacing action applied on lane 1
- Gravity action of the beam and slab.

Lane 2
- TS loading of 300KN applied at mid span of the bridge on lane 2
- Uniform lane load of 2.5 x 2.2 = 5.5KN/m2 on lane 2
- 20mm thick surfacing action applied on lane 2
- Gravity action of beams and slab.

Bending Moment
The above loading had produced Critical Action Effects of mid span Bending Moment of
408.6KNm at node position of 12.5 meter as shown on result clip attached below.

Shear force
The most severe shear force will be produced when
- the SV100 vehicle enter the bridge with last wheel on the bridge at lane 1,
- TS loading at 5m ahead of SV100 vehicle at lane 1.
- Uniform lane action of 5.5KN/m2 on lane 1
- TS loading at entrance of the bridge on lane 2
- Uniform lane action of 5.5KN/m2 on lane 2
- Gravity action on the beam and slab
- Uniform Surfacing actions on lane 1 and 2.

See sketches attached below on position of the vehicles

Q3 Combination of Action for Ultimate Limit State Design
Clause 6.4.3 EN 1990-2002
Design Load Combination is
∑γGjGkj + γQiQki + ∑γQψQkj

Therefore the following load factors had been included in computing design actions.

Self weigh of concrete members γ = 1.35

Surfacing γ = 1.20

Lane action γ = 1.35

SV100 action γ = 1.35
TS action γ = 1.35

Combination of Action for Servisibility Limit State Design

Clause 6.5.3 EN 1990-2002
Design Load Combination is
∑Gkj + Qki + ∑ψoiQkj

Therefore the following load factors had been included in computing design actions.

Self weigh of concrete members γ = 1.0

Surfacing γ = 1.0

Lane action γ = 1.0

SV100 action γ = 1.0
TS action γ = 1.0

With above Action factors on loading case input into LUSAS Bridge Grillage Analysis
program, the run out result is
ULS - BMmax for beam D at mid span is 5435.68KNm
SLS - BMmax for beam D at mid span is 4086.08KNm

Please see attached diagram of BM generated.

The LUSAS generated results for both ULS and SLS are confirmed by using simplified
Q4 model of simply supported beam with loading assumed as applied below. Hand
calculation had confirmed that the BM and Shear force are reasonable within expected
ranges.