General Supplementary Notes in Science 8

Concepts of Force

Dynamics is a branch of mechanics that deals with the study of causes of changes in motion.
There are many philosophers/scientists have many several attempts to fully understand motion and the causes of
changes in motion.
Aristotle attempted to explain motion as the presence of an impetus; and the absence of this impetus means no
motion. While Galileo establish the fundamental concepts of accelerated motion and the concepts of inertia. And
finally, the famous Sir Isaac Newton found a way to describe changes in motion which he formulated the three laws
of motion were able to fully describe what force is.
Force is often qualitatively described as a push or pull. It is usually expressed in units called Newton (N).
Force are considered as vector quantities which expressed in both magnitude and direction.
Ex.: (500 N – magnitude) (to the right – direction)

Two types of forces:

Contact force have a direct touching or collision of the interacting objects is observed. Some examples are friction,
applied force, normal force, spring force, and buoyant force.
Non – contact force has not directly touching one another within an interacting objects. Some examples are
gravitational force, electromagnetic force, weak nuclear force, and strong nuclear force.
Net force is the sum of all the forces acting on an object.

Did you know that we need to understand and apply Cartesian coordinate plane by finding net force?

Cartesian coordinate plane was discovered by Rene Descartes. They

have a 2 lines intersect within each other. The horizontal line is the x
– axis and the vertical line is the y – axis.

An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends

to stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction
unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
In the statement of Newton's first law, the unbalanced force refers
to that force that does not become completely balanced (or canceled)
by the other individual forces.

In each of the above situations, there is an unbalanced force. It is commonly said that in each situation there is
a net force acting upon the object. The net force is the vector sum of all the
forces that act upon an object. Observe the following examples of summing
two forces:
Fnet = Fx1 + Fx2

Observe in the diagram (on the left side) the addition of force vectors can
be done in the same manner in order to determine the net force (i.e., the
vector sum of all the individual forces).

By: Keanno Rod M. Peliña

General Supplementary Notes in Science 8
Take note:
Similar direction, you must need to add it!
Different direction, you will need to subtract on it!
(Tignan ang arrowhead kung saan papunta ang direction)

Consider the three situations below in which the net force is determined by summing the individual force vectors
that are acting upon the objects.

Free-body diagrams for four situations are shown below. For each situation, determine the net force acting upon the
object.

Situation 1. The net force is 0 N. All the individual forces balance each other (i.e., cancel each other out).
Situation 2. The net force is 5 N, left. The vertical forces balance each other (i.e., cancel each other out). The
leftward force (friction) remains unbalanced.
Situation 3. The net force is 0 Newton. All the individual forces balance each other (i.e., cancel each other out).
Situation 4. The net force is 15 N, upward. The upward force of air resistance is only partially balanced by the
downward force of gravity - 15 N of upward force remains unbalanced.

Note:

Kapag parehas kayong nagexert ng effort sa isa’t isa, at 0 N ang sagot, ibig sabihin naging balanced yung force nyo.
Parehas nyong binigay ang lahat ng best efforts nyo para maging balanse ang relasyon nyo! Hahahaha
At kapag hindi pantay o kahit isa sa inyo ay hindi binigay ang effort nyo sa isa’t isa (Let us say may value ang Net
Force mo within 1 N pataas) ibig sabihin naging unbalanced ang force nyo. Hindi nyo binigay ang best effort nyo para
ma - handle yung relationship nyo!

By: Keanno Rod M. Peliña

General Supplementary Notes in Science 8

Source of Reference:
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-2/Determining-the-Net-Force

Newton’s Law of Motion

1. Law of inertia states that a body at rest will remain at rest and a body in motion will move in a constant
speed in a straight line unless an external forces acts on it.
Inertia is the tendency of a body to stay at rest when it is initially at rest or stay in uniform motion in a
straight line when initially in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
Ex.

What happened to the coin if we flicked the card?

2. Law of Acceleration
The acceleration of an object is dependent upon two variables, the net force acting upon an object and the
mass of the object.
The acceleration of an object depends directly upon the net force acting upon the object and inversely upon
the mass of the object.

Note:
Meron tayong equation na gagamitin (tanggapin natin na talagang magtropa talaga sina math at science but I
will allow you to use scientific calculator, pero kung wala kang calcu, mahihirapan at matatagalan kang
magsolve, kung hindi mo magets ang right process ng computation at hindi ka nakikinig sa klase ko, talaga nga
naming mahihirapan ka)

Paano kapag nawawala ang Force (F): F = ma

Paano kapag nawawala ang acceleration (a): a=F/m

By: Keanno Rod M. Peliña

General Supplementary Notes in Science 8
Paano kapag nawawala ang mass (m): m=F/a

3. Law of interaction: For every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction

By: Keanno Rod M. Peliña