Impacts of Robots

Impacts of robots on developed and developing countries

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Impacts of robots on developed and developing countrie

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Introduction about robots (slide 1):

A robot is a machine system consisting of sensors, control systems, power supplies,
manipulators and software combined to perform a specific task. Its design and development
combines leverage on principles from different disciplines, including physics, engineering,
computing and mathematics, although chemistry, medicine and biology may be involved in
certain cases. Robots are defined by their ability to sense their surroundings, to move around
their environment, ability to power itself, and must be intelligent Galileo.org (n.d.). An artificial
system must have these four characteristics to be called a robot. However, these machines lack
the ability to demand payment, and have higher productivity than humans, which makes them
ideal for employment (Quresh & Siyed 2014). As a result, many organizations are preferring
robots to people.

Slide 2: Evidence that robots are increasingly replacing humans

The impact of robotics is undisputed. Wisskirchen et al. (2017) observed that robots
would affect both skilled and unskilled labor. They argued further that the rate at which robots
would replace people at the workplace depended on the speed of the division of labour and the
more detailed job descriptions would get. Thus, the faster the process the sooner robots would
fill all jobs currently performed by humans. Wisskirchen et al. (2017) projected that as many as
one third of jobs requiring a bachelor degree could be replaced by robots or artificial intelligence
(AI) software.Further, Wisskirchen et al. (2017) forecasted that individual jobs would disappear
and novice jobs would emerge, although the transition would occur gradually. Of note, the
transition has already begun and varies from sector to sector.
Slide 3: discuss the impact of this trend in developed and developing countries.
The effects of robots in developing countries are different from those in developed ones.
The agricultural jobs that are common in low and middle income countries are more susceptible
to automation than the service jobs that are more common in high-income countries. Service jobs
require face-to-face and creative interaction with customers as opposed to agriculture-based jobs.
The replacement of workers with robots would impede reduction of poverty and worsen
inequality among the citizens of such countries. Automation of agricultural jobs would drive
competition for social jobs up, which will push the wages down.
An increase in the number of robots associated with a decrease in employment.
Carbonero et al. (2018) noted that a 24% increase in the number of robots from 2005 to 2014
reduced employment by approximately 1.3% globally. However, the effect was higher in
developing economies than in developed ones at 14% and 0.5% respectively (Carbonero et al.
2018). Workers performing repetitive tasks are the most affected as their employers opt for
robots because of high profitability. Similarly, robots offer corporations in developed countries
cheaper alternatives comparable to laborers in developing countries provide, which has
significantly reduced investment in poor countries (United Nation Conference on Trade and
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Development [UNCTDA] 2016). This trend has significantly reduced employment in developing
and poor countries.
Slide 4: impact of robots on complex work, such as surgery and mechanical engineering work.
Slide 5: Conclusion
Slide 6: Reference List

Carbonero, F, Ernst, E & Weber, E 2018. Robots worldwide: The impact of automation on
employment and trade. 10.13140/RG.2.2.10507.13603. file:///home/chronos/u-
34aaa327011883d0a2349e702efc2c56f3f07b47/MyFiles/Downloads/wcms_648063.pdf

Galileo.org n.d. Robotics: introduction to robots. http://www.galileo.org/robotics/intro.html

Quresh, MO, & Syed, RS, 2014, The impact of robotics on employment and motivation of
employees in the service sector, with special reference to health care. Safety and Health at Work,
vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 198-202.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2014.07.003Get rights and content

Schllogi, L & Summer, A 2018. ¨What is the effect of robots on developing countries?¨ World
Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/07/robots-robots-everywhere-what-
does-it-mean-for-developing-countries

UNCTAD 2016. Robots and industrialization in developing countries (Policy Brief No.50)
https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/presspb2016d6_en.pdf

Wisskirchen, G, Biacabe, BT, Bormann, U, Muntz, A, Niehaus, G, Soler, GJ, & von Brauchitsch, B, 2017,
¨IBA Global Employment Institute Artificial Intelligence and Robotics and Their Impact on the
Workplace,¨ International Bar Association (IBA). file:///home/chronos/u-
34aaa327011883d0a2349e702efc2c56f3f07b47/MyFiles/Downloads/AI-and-Robotics-IBA-GEI-April-
2017.pdf

Provide 1 page summary of explanation. The slides should back up these explanations.