BAHIRDAR UNIVERSITY

ETHIOPIAN INSTITUTE OF FOR TEXTILE AND FASHION TECHNOLOGY (EITEX)

POST GRADUATE PROGRAM

PROCESS CONTROL REVIEW ON “MESURÉMENT METHODS OF DYNAMIC YARN

TENSION IN A RING SPINNING PROCESS”

Prepared by: Eradu Seid

2nd Year MSc Textile Manufacturing
Email: eraduseid33@gmail.com

Submitted to: MR. Getnet Belay (PhD candidate)

Submission date: February 2020 G.C
Authors’ conducted this study are M Hossain M, Abdkader A, Nocke A, Unger R, Krzywinski F,
Hasan MMB, Cherif C. 2016
They studied on measurement methods of dynamic yarn tension in a ring spinning process.
Section-1 The gap filled by this reserch.
To improve the quality and productivity of spinning process there are different parameter should be
controlled for better performance one of them are the yarn tension in ring spinning process. The ring
spinning process is the most widely used spinning method for staple yarn production this spinning
system have good quality of yarn produce with low productivity due to its processing mechanism so, to
obtained the required quality of yarn the optimum tension in ring spinning is important. Many
researchers describe the dynamic yarn path in the ring spinning process is to measure the yarn tension,
where the yarn path is almost straight. But it is much more complicated to measure the yarn tension at
the other side, like among the yarn guide and traveller and between the traveller and winding point of
the cop as the yarn rotates continuously around the spindle axis. In this prepares to fill this gap two
methods of yarn tension measurement in the balloon zone are recommended. In the first method, the
balloon outline was initially recorded with a high-speed camera and the balloon tension calculated by
comparing the yarn strain (occurring in the balloon zone) measured by a digital image analysis program
with the stress-strain curve of the yarn produced. On the other hand, by using the radial forces of the
rotating balloon were measured by using modified measurement techniques for measurement of yarn
tension. Additionally, a modified sensor was developed to measure the winding tension between the
traveller and cop. The study also supported by developing some theoretical model and it have good
relation with the measured value.
Section-2 Material and Methods
Material 100% PES, Fiber count 1.14 dtex, Staple length 38mm, Roving count 657 tex, Yarn count 30
tex , Spindle speed -5,000;10000;15000 rpm , Delivery speed (v) 7.14,14.30,21.43 m/min, Total
draft-21.9,twist -700 tpm , Balloon height (h), 180mm, Traveler weight -63 mg , Ring radius -222.5
mm, Cops radius -14mm. was used during spinning and an ML55B from HBM, Germany was used
as the amplifier, signal recorded continuously with the NI instrument Lab view signal express. From
this the yarn path can be segmented into four regions: region I - from the clamping point of delivery
rollers to the yarn guide, region II - from the yarn guide to the traveler, region III - yarn passage
through the traveler and region IV - from the traveler to the winding-point on the cop. Next The yarn
tension in different regions of the yarn path in balloon and winding regions was calculated by the
numerical model developed.

Where m is the linear yarn density, w-the spindle’s angular velocity, D²R the yarn’s acceleration,

2wez × DR - the Coriolis acceleration, w²ez × (ez × R) - the yarn’s centripetal acceleration, T (s, t) the
yarn tension at the material point; F is the air drag force per yarn length. The experiment was done by
two approaches, Approach-I measurement of yarn tension between yarn guide and traveller (from
balloon shape) during the study the balloon tension is measured through the deformation behavior of
the yarn at a spindle rotation of 10,000 r.p.m based on an optical approach and the deformation
behavior of this length in the balloon zone during spinning is recorded with a high speed camera
(photon Fast cam Ultima SA-3 USA) at 15000 fps continuously and measure at different position
between the yarn guide and traveler. From the analysis of the digital image using software image J, the
strain of the yarn during spinning in the balloon zone measured. On the other hand, the spun yarn was
tested on a tensile testing machine Z2.5 from Zwick GmbH & Co.KG, Germany to get the stress strain
behavior of the spun yarn. Approach-II In this method the yarn tension in the balloon zone is measured
using a modified sensor to measure radial force acting on it as well as two yarn guiding elements to
keep the deflection of the yarn constant. In addition, Yarn tension between the traveler and winding
point on the bobbin is determined with a developed measuring system, for this purpose measuring ring
was mounted concentrically between the ring and cop.
Section-3 Finding of the study
The result is more tightly with the methodology. Based on Approach I the balloon tension lies with the
range of 22 ±2 cN at a spindle speed of 10,000 r.p.m. similarly the balloon tension measured at a
spindle speed of 5,000 and 15,000 r.p.m is found to be 6 and 45 cN with 4% variation, respectively.
The variation in balloon tension at lower spindle speed is more, as the strain of yarn is too small to be
measured. However, the yarn tension varies to a small degree within different position of the balloon
height. Moreover, the amount of twist measured at different position of the balloon during spinning at
the help of an HS -Camera. Therefore, the method of measuring balloon tension using the force-
elongation curve of the spun yarn gives a good approximation of the actual balloon tension during the
spinning process. In case of Approach-II the course of balloon tension measured at different spindle
speeds. the tension was measured at the maximum balloon diameter, the balloon tension increases with
an increase in spindle speed, the mean yarn tension at a spindle speed of 5,000,10,000 and 15,000
r.p.m. is found to be 7,25,42 Cn with 4% variation, respectively. Finally, in the winding region the
winding tension was measured as 13,36.6 %77 Cn with a variation of 5% for the above three
revolutions respectively. The variation in yarn tension during the measurements can be attributed to
the dynamic friction between the rotating yarn and measuring ring as well as to the tilting movement
of the traveler and the eccentricity of the measurement ring.

Figure 1. Comparison of (a) balloon tension and (b) winding tension measured with values calculated
at different spindle speeds.
Section 4- The Authors suggested
Two novel methods are proposed for the measurement of yarn tension in the balloon & winding zone
during the spinning process. In approach-I, the measurement method can be applied for higher spindle
speeds. However, the movement of the ring rail causes a variation in yarn tension in the case of
approach-II. Moreover, the lower resonance frequency of the modified sensor used in approach-II can
cause limitations to measurements at higher spindle speeds. It should be mentioned that a friction free
superconducting magnetic bearing is being implemented in a ring spinning machine, therefore, this
paper will help to measure dynamic yarn tensions while using a superconducting magnetic bearing in
the near future.
Moreover, both modelling & measurement can be done at different parameters applicable for the
existing ring spinning process. The values measured were validated with a theoretical (numerical)
model & a good correlation between measured & theoretical values could be revealed. this simplifies
measuring of yarn tension in different position.so, this paper helps to by determining the optimum
level of dynamic tension in ring spinning improve the quality and productivity of the spinning mill.